156 results on '"Fenglai Wang"'
Search Results
2. Wheat bran inclusion level impacts its net energy by shaping gut microbiota and regulating heat production in gestating sows
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Song Xu, Zirou Yu, Zongliang Li, Zijie Wang, Chenyu Shi, Jian Li, Fenglai Wang, and Hu Liu
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Gestating sow ,Gut microbiota ,Heat production ,Inclusion level ,Net energy ,Wheat bran ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
An accurate estimation of net energy (NE) of wheat bran is essential for precision feeding of sows. However, the effects of inclusion level on NE of wheat bran have not been reported. Inclusion level was hypothesized to impact NE of wheat bran by regulating gut microbiota and partitioning of heat production. Therefore, twelve multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 2 to 4 parity) were assigned to a replicated 3 × 6 Youden square with 3 successive periods and 6 diets in each square. The experiment included a corn-soybean meal diet (WB0) and five diets including 9.8% (WB10), 19.5% (WB20), 29.2% (WB30), 39.0% (WB40) and 48.7% wheat bran (WB50), respectively. Each period included 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 6 d for heat production measurement using open-circuit respiration chambers. Compared with other groups, WB30, WB40, and WB50 enriched different fiber-degrading bacteria genera (P
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- 2023
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3. Diets enriched with finely ground wheat bran alter digesta passage rate and composition of the gut microbiome in sows
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Zijie Wang, Wenhui Wang, Song Xu, Jian Ding, Xiangfang Zeng, Hu Liu, and Fenglai Wang
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Finely ground wheat bran ,Digestive physiology ,Digesta passage rate ,Gut microbiota ,Sow ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
We investigated the effects of finely ground wheat bran on the nutrient digestibility, digesta passage rate, and gut microbiota structure in sows. A 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 test periods and 3 experimental diets was used. Six non-pregnant sows (parity: 5 to 7) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental diets with 2 replicates per treatment in each period. Each period lasted 19 d (12 d for adaptation and 7 d for experiment). The experimental diets included (a) a basal corn and soybean meal diet (CON), (b) a basal diet with 20% coarse wheat bran (CWB; particle size: 605 μm), and (c) a basal diet with 20% fine wheat bran (FWB; particle size: 438 μm). The results demonstrated that the apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and energy were reduced (P
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- 2023
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4. Role of functional fatty acids in modulation of reproductive potential in livestock
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Xiangzhou Zeng, Siyu Li, Lu Liu, Shuang Cai, Qianhong Ye, Bangxin Xue, Xinyu Wang, Shihai Zhang, Fang Chen, Chuanjiang Cai, Fenglai Wang, and Xiangfang Zeng
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Embryo development ,Fatty acids ,Lactation ,Oocyte ,Placental ,Pregnancy ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Fatty acids are not only widely known as energy sources, but also play important roles in many metabolic pathways. The significance of fatty acids in modulating the reproductive potential of livestock has received greater recognition in recent years. Functional fatty acids and their metabolites improve follicular development, oocyte maturation and embryo development, as well as endometrial receptivity and placental vascular development, through enhancing energy supply and precursors for the synthesis of their productive hormones, such as steroid hormones and prostaglandins. However, many studies are focused on the impacts of individual functional fatty acids in the reproductive cycle, lacking studies involved in deeper mechanisms and optimal fatty acid requirements for specific physiological stages. Therefore, an overall consideration of the combination and synergy of functional fatty acids and the establishment of optimal fatty acid requirement for specific stages is needed to improve reproductive potential in livestock.
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- 2023
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5. Net energy and its establishment of prediction equations for wheat bran in growing pigs
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Zhiqian Lyu, Yifan Chen, Fenglai Wang, Ling Liu, Shuai Zhang, and Changhua Lai
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growing pig ,heat production ,net energy ,prediction equation ,wheat bran ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Objective The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows. Methods Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.4 kg body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 8 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet, 6 wheat bran diets and 1 wheat shorts diet. The inclusion level of wheat bran or wheat shorts in diets is 30%. Results The addition of wheat bran reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (p
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- 2023
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6. Real-Time Monitoring of Concrete Vibration Depth Based on RFID Scales
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Yuhu Quan, Xinzhi Wang, Yancheng Liu, Hongpeng Sun, and Fenglai Wang
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concrete vibration ,vibration depth monitoring ,RFID scales ,quality control ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
The vibration of concrete is a typical concealed construction process, in which mature supervisory methods are lacking. The quality of vibration relies heavily on the subjective experience and sense of responsibility of the vibration operators. For the widely used hand-held concrete vibrators, existing methods for monitoring the quality of vibration primarily focus on the horizontal positioning of the vibrator. Due to the limited measurable range of vibration depth, these methods are inapplicable for monitoring the vibration depth during the vibration of deeper structures such as walls, columns, and large volumes of concrete. This paper makes the initial attempt to address the issue of monitoring concrete vibration depth, presenting a method that broadens the measurable range of depth in vibration monitoring. Inspired by the principles of optical and magnetic scales, this paper introduces a radio frequency identification (RFID) scales positioning system for the real-time monitoring of vibration depth. The proposed RFID scales vibration depth monitoring method theoretically has no upper limit on the measurable vibration depth, rendering it applicable to monitoring vibration depth of any extent. By comparing the positioning accuracy of different RFID scales hardware compositions, the optimal RFID scales hardware composition and the most effective RFID scales positioning algorithm were identified. The feasibility and accuracy of the vibration depth monitoring method based on RFID scales were validated through engineering field application. This method achieves centimeter-level accuracy in monitoring vibration depth, offers a tool for the precise control of vibration depth, and helps avoid potential quality issues in vibration.
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- 2024
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7. An Investigative Study for the Seismic Performance of Composite-Reinforced Masonry Wall with Prestressing Technology
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Bin Chi, Yuhu Quan, Fenglai Wang, and Xu Yang
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masonry wall ,prestressing technology ,cyclic loading ,seismic performance ,damage propagation ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Prestressing technology is an effective way to improve the seismic performance of masonry structures such as concrete masonry wall. Therefore, bonded prestressing technology applied to integrated concrete masonry wall (ICMW) was proposed in this study, and a cyclic loading test on specimens with different section types was conducted. It was found that the prestressing technology rendered thinner and denser cracks on the load-bearing component of the specimens, while the failure mode remained unchanged. The prestressing technology increased the initial stiffness of the specimens and accelerated their stiffness degradation. Although the prestressing technology advanced the yield displacement of the specimens, it had a positive influence on the displacement ductility of the specimens. Additionally, the energy dissipation of the specimens increased with the deepening of the damage state, while the influence of the prestressing on the energy dissipation of the specimens decreased with an increased in the drift ratio. Furthermore, the equivalent viscous damping of the specimens with a rectangular and T-shaped section finally converged at 8% and 14%, respectively. Overall, the aforementioned findings indicate that the prestressing technology proposed in this study is a useful method for improving the damage propagation and seismic performance of ICMW, which could be used to construct low-rise masonry structures in the future.
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- 2024
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8. Recent advances in immunoassays and biosensors for mycotoxins detection in feedstuffs and foods
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Runxian Li, Yang Wen, Fenglai Wang, and Pingli He
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Biosensors ,Immunoassays ,Multiple detection ,Mycotoxins ,Nanomaterials ,Rapid detection ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus. Many mycotoxin species are highly toxic and are frequently found in cereals and feedstuffs. So, powerful detection methods are vital and effective ways to prevent feed contamination. Traditional detection methods can no longer meet the needs of massive, real-time, simple, and fast mycotoxin monitoring. Rapid detection methods based on advanced material and sensor technology are the future trend. In this review, we highlight recent progress of mycotoxin rapid detection strategies in feedstuffs and foods, especially for simultaneous multiplex mycotoxin determination. Immunoassays, biosensors, and the prominent roles of nanomaterials are introduced. The principles of different types of recognition and signal transduction are explained, and the merits and pitfalls of these methods are compared. Furthermore, limitations and challenges of existing rapid sensing strategies and perspectives of future research are discussed.
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- 2021
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9. Comparison of Global Metabolite for Growing Pigs Fed at Metabolizable Energy Requirement for Maintenance
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Hu Liu, Yifan Chen, Wenhui Wang, Zhaoning Jiang, Xi Ma, and Fenglai Wang
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energy metabolism ,growing pigs ,maintenance ,metabolomics ,venous catheter ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Though the energy requirement for maintenance is an important part of net energy system, little is known of the metabolic characteristics of maintenance energy expenditure. This study was investigated the effect of feeding level at metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (FLM) on plasma metabolites in growing pigs. Ten barrows (22.5 ± 0.5 kg BW) were kept in metabolism crates and catheterized in the precaval vein during adaptation period. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet at 782 kJ ME/kg BW0.6·d−1 during d 1 to 8 and then were refeeding at 2,400 kJ ME/kg BW0.6·d−1 on d 9. Plasma samples of each pig were collected by catheter on the morning of d 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10, respectively, for metabolomics testing. Results showed that the concentration of plasma urea nitrogen decreased under FLM (p < 0.01) and increased significantly after refeeding (p < 0.01). The concentration of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and albumin in plasma were decreased significantly after refeeding (p < 0.01). Eleven identified compounds were up-regulated and six ones were down-regulated under FLM. In conclusion, the energy metabolism of growing pigs was relatively stable after 4 days of feeding at FLM.
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- 2022
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10. Effect of Dietary Starch-to-Fat Ratio on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, and Microbiota of Multiparous Sow and Newborn Piglets
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Wenhui Wang, Zirou Yu, Xindi Yin, Zijie Wang, Song Xu, Chenyu Shi, Jianjun Zang, Hu Liu, and Fenglai Wang
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dietary starch-to-fat ratio ,inflammation ,lipid metabolism ,microbiota ,multiparous sows ,newborn piglets ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary starch-to-fat ratio on reproductive performance and lipid metabolism of sows and newborn piglets. A total of 75 Landrace × Yorkshire multiparous sows at d 84 of gestation were selected and randomly divided into three groups based on body weight. From d 85 of gestation to farrowing, sows were fed one of three dietary starch-to-fat ratios (20:1, 10:1, and 5:1). Dietary high starch-to-fat ratio increased the birth weight of piglets (p < 0.05). The apparent total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy of sows was improved by an increasing starch-to-fat ratio during gestation (p < 0.05). Decreased dietary starch-to-fat ratio increased the concentration of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and GSH-Px in sows (p < 0.05). During parturition, sows had increased plasma interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in the low ratio group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Streptococcaceae in the low ratio group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The medium dietary starch-to-fat ratio significantly increased the concentrations of short chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study suggested that for sows a diet with ahigh starch to fat ratio could ameliorate lipid metabolism disorder and maternal inflammation during late gestation.
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- 2023
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11. Pyrroloquinoline quinone regulates the redox status in vitro and in vivo of weaned pigs via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
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Caiyun Huang, Zijuan Fan, Dandan Han, Lee J. Johnston, Xi Ma, and Fenglai Wang
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H2O2 ,IPEC-J2 ,Nrf2 ,Oxidative stress ,Pyrroloquinoline quinone ,Weaned pig ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties. However, the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) challenged with H2O2. Results Experiment 1, 144 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (weaned at 28 d) were allocated to four groups: received a basal diet (control) and diets supplemented with 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% PQQ, respectively. On d 28, growth performance, diarrhea incidence and redox factors were measured. Experiment 2, IPEC-J2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H2O2 for indicated time points. Experiment 3, IPEC-J2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA, then treated according to Experiment 2. The cell viability, redox factors, protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were determined. In vivo, PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio (Linear P
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- 2021
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12. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Regulates Enteric Neurochemical Plasticity of Weaned Rats Challenged With Lipopolysaccharide
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Chenyu Shi, Song Xu, Caiyun Huang, Zijie Wang, Wenhui Wang, Dongxu Ming, Xindi Yin, Hu Liu, and Fenglai Wang
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pyrroloquinoline quinone ,enteric nervous system ,neurochemical plasticity ,Akt signaling pathway ,enteritis rats ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is important for the intestinal barrier to defend and regulate inflammation in the intestine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on regulating neuropeptide secretion by ENS neurons of rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to create enteritis. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely, basal (CTRL), basal plus LPS challenge (LPS), basal with 2.5 mg/kg b.w./day of PQQ plus challenge with LPS (PQQ 2.5), basal with 5.0 mg/kg b.w./day PQQ plus challenge with LPS (PQQ 5), and basal with 10.0 mg/kg b.w./day PQQ plus challenge with LPS (PQQ 10). After treatment with basal diet or PQQ for 14 days, rats were challenged with LPS except for the CTRL group. Rats were euthanized 6 h after the LPS challenge. Rats showed an increased average daily gain in PQQ treatment groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, PQQ 5 and PQQ 10 rats showed increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth of jejunum (P < 0.05). In PQQ treatment groups, concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and intestine of rats were decreased, and IL-10 concentration was increased in serum compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY), nerve growth factor (NGF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in serum were decreased in PQQ treatment groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, ileal mRNA levels of BDNF, NPY, and NGF were decreased in PQQ treatment groups (P < 0.05). Jejunal concentrations of SP, CGRP, VIP, BDNF, NPY, and NGF were decreased in PQQ treatment groups compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, phosphor-protein kinase B (p-Akt)/Akt levels in jejunum and colon were decreased in PQQ treatment groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, daily treatment with PQQ improved daily gain, jejunal morphology, immune responses. PQQ-regulated enteric neurochemical plasticity of ENS via the Akt signaling pathway of weaned rats suffering from enteritis.
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- 2022
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13. Dietary Supplementation With Fine-Grinding Wheat Bran Improves Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response via Modulating the Gut Microbiota Structure in Pregnant Sow
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Zijie Wang, Yifan Chen, Wenhui Wang, Caiyun Huang, Yongfei Hu, Lee Johnston, and Fenglai Wang
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fine-grinding wheat bran ,gut microbiota ,lipid metabolism ,inflammation ,pregnant sow ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fine-grinding wheat bran on pregnant sow body condition, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. In this study, wheat bran was crushed into three particle sizes. A total of 60 Landrace × Yorkshire second parity sows were allotted to two groups: CWB (a diet containing coarse wheat bran with particle size of 605 μm) and FWB (a diet containing fine wheat bran with particle size of 438 μm). Fine-grinding wheat bran had higher soluble dietary fiber concentration, swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, and fermentability than coarse wheat bran. Pregnant sows fed FWB throughout pregnancy had lower body weight and fat deposition than sows fed CWB. And the piglet body weight at birth of the FWB group was remarkably increased. Serum concentrations of lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid), interleukin 6, leptin, and resistin were decreased on day 90 of pregnancy by fine wheat bran supplementation. Feeding FWB significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes and dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at phylum level. At genus level, the abundance of Terrisporobacter was decreased in FWB feeding sows, but the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased. Fecal total short-chain fatty acids, propionate, and butyrate contents were markedly increased in the FWB group. The results suggested that the physicochemical properties of finely ground wheat bran had been improved. Dietary supplementation with fine wheat bran changed the gut microbiota structure and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids level, which improved the maternal body condition, metabolic and inflammatory status, and reproductive performance in sows.
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- 2022
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14. The Combined Use of Medium- and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improves the Pregnancy Outcomes of Sows by Enhancing Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Endometrial Receptivity
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Xiangzhou Zeng, Siyu Li, Qianhong Ye, Shuang Cai, Shuang Quan, Lu Liu, Shihai Zhang, Fang Chen, Chuanjiang Cai, Fenglai Wang, Shiyan Qiao, and Xiangfang Zeng
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endometrial cells ,granulosa cells ,microbiome ,reproduction ,sodium butyrate ,sodium caprylate ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Fatty acids play important roles in maintaining ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity. Porcine primary ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs) and endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) were treated with or without medium- and short-chain fatty acids (MSFAs) for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of genes was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The hormone levels in the PGCs supernatant and the rate of adhesion of porcine trophoblast cells (pTrs) to PEECs were measured. Sows were fed diets with or without MSFAs supplementation during early gestation. The fecal and vaginal microbiomes were identified using 16S sequencing. Reproductive performance was recorded at parturition. MSFAs increased the mRNA abundance of genes involved in steroidogenesis, luteinization in PGCs and endometrial receptivity in PEECs (p < 0.05). The estrogen level in the PGC supernatant and the rate of adhesion increased (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MSFAs increased serum estrogen levels and the total number of live piglets per litter (p < 0.01). Moreover, MSFAs reduced the fecal Trueperella abundance and vaginal Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 abundance. These data revealed that MSFAs improved pregnancy outcomes in sows by enhancing ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity while limiting the abundance of several intestinal and vaginal pathogens at early stages of pregnancy.
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- 2022
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15. Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance estimated by regression analysis of body weight gain or metabolizable energy intake in growing pigs
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Hu Liu, Yifan Chen, Zhongchao Li, Yakui Li, Changhua Lai, Xiangshu Piao, Jaap van Milgen, and Fenglai Wang
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Fat ,Growing Pigs ,Indirect Calorimetry ,Maintenance Energy Requirement ,Protein ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective Feed energy required for pigs is first prioritized to meet maintenance costs. Additional energy intake in excess of the energy requirement for maintenance is retained as protein and fat in the body, leading to weight gain. The objective of this study was to estimate the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) by regressing body weight (BW) gain against metabolizable energy intake (MEI) in growing pigs. Methods Thirty-six growing pigs (26.3±1.7 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were 6 feeding levels which were calculated as 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% of the estimated ad libitum MEI (2,400 kJ/kg BW0.60 d). All pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 30 d and weighed every 5 d. Moreover, each pig from each treatment was placed in the open-circuit respiration chambers to measure heat production (HP) and energy retained as protein (REp) and fat (REf) every 5 d. Serum biochemical parameters of pigs were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Results The average daily gain (ADG) and HP as well as the REp and REf linearly increased with increasing feed intake (p
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- 2019
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16. Effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous loss of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs
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Yifan Chen, Zhenyu Wang, Jian Ding, Dongxu Ming, Wenhui Wang, Zhaoning Jiang, Ling Liu, and Fenglai Wang
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Endogenous loss ,Fat ,Fatty acids ,Fiber content ,Fiber-rich ingredients ,Growing pigs ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Determination of the endogenous loss of fat (ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients. Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat, including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet. There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake, while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs. Methods In Exp. 1, the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 27.6 ± 2.4 kg), fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum. The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets. The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull (SH) was the only fiber source, providing 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 and 375 g/kg, respectively. Chromic oxide was included at 4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker. In Exp. 2, six crossbred growing barrows (27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp. 1. The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg. The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran (DRB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), rice hull (RH), corn germ meal (CGM), SH and wheat bran (WB) and they were fed at represented 250, 270, 145, 250, 170 and 280 g/kg in the diet, respectively. Results In Exp. 1, the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs. The endogenous losses of fat, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased. The endogenous losses of fat, as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased. The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g /kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs, respectively. The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets. The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut. The endogenous losses of fat, individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum. However, the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum. In Exp. 2, the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets. The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA (particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater (P
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- 2019
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17. Determination of nutrient digestibility in corn and soybean meal using the direct and substitution methods as well as different basal diets fed to growing pigs
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Dewen Liu, Hu Liu, Defa Li, and Fenglai Wang
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apparent total tract digestibility ,corn ,growing pigs ,soybean meal ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to compare methods of determination of the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various chemical constituents in corn and soybean meal (CS) when fed to growing pigs. Expt. 1, eighteen barrows (34.3 ± 1.1 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets. The three diets were Corn, CS-Basal, and CS-Test. The ATTD of DM, GE, CP, and organic matter (OM) in corn determined by the direct method were not different from those determined by the substitution method. Expt. 2, twenty-four barrows (36.2 ± 1.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets. The four diets were Basal diet 1 (97.5% corn), Test diet 1(replaced corn in Basal diet 1 with 15% SBM), Basal diet 2 (72.5% corn and 25% SBM), and Test diet 2 (58% corn and 39.5% SBM). The ATTD of GE and CP of SBM were greater (p
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- 2019
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18. Effects of Dietary Fiber Type on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters and Fecal Microbiota Composition in Weaned and Growing-Finishing Pigs
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Zhiqian Lv, Zeyu Zhang, Fenglai Wang, Jiyu Guo, Xiaogang Zhao, and Jinbiao Zhao
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soluble dietary fiber ,insoluble dietary fiber ,growth performance ,fecal microbiota ,pig ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different SDF to IDF ratios on growth performance, serum indexes and fecal microbial community in pigs. Weaned and growing-finishing pigs were fed a diet containing five different ratios of SDF to IDF from 1:5 to 1:9 and from 1:3 to 1:7, respectively. Results showed a linear tendency that average daily gain (ADG) of weaned pigs decreased but the feed intake to weight gain ratio (F/G) increased as the ratio of SDF to IDF increased from 1:5 to 1:9 (p = 0.06). The ADG of growing-finishing pigs showed quadratic changes (p < 0.05) as ratios of SDF to IDF increased from 1:3 to 1:7. The Shannon index of fecal microbial diversity increased first and then decreased as the SDF to IDF ratio increased from 1:5 to 1:9 (p < 0.05). The Shannon and Chao indexes of fecal microbial diversity in growing-finishing pigs showed significant incremental linearly as the SDF to IDF ratio increased from 1:3 to 1:7 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the recommended inclusion ratios of SDF to IDF in weaned and growing-finishing pigs diets are 1:7 and 1:5.
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- 2022
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19. Effects of Reduced Dietary Protein at High Temperature in Summer on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Finishing Pigs
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Wenhui Wang, Yifan Chen, Ji Wang, Zhiqian Lv, Enkai Li, Jinbiao Zhao, Ling Liu, Fenglai Wang, and Hu Liu
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carcass ,dietary protein ,finishing pigs ,heat stress ,performance ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of reduced dietary protein at natural high temperature in summer on the growth performance and carcass quality of finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbreed pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) at an average body weight (BW) of 77 ± 5.7 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments, based on BW and sex, in six replicates per treatment, with six pigs per pen, using a randomized complete block design. The dietary crude protein (CP) level of the normal protein diet (NP) and the reduced protein diet (LP) were 12% and 10%, respectively. The growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of the pigs were analyzed for a 28-day experimental period. At the end of the experiment, 12 pigs were harvested to measure carcass characteristics and pork quality. The average highest ambient temperature during the experiment period was about 32.4 °C. There was a trend for the average daily feed intake (ADFI) to be lower in the pigs on the reduced protein diet compared to the control (p < 0.10) in the 0–28 day period. The serum urea nitrogen was lower (p < 0.05) for pigs fed the reduced protein diets only on day 14. The carcass characteristics and pork quality were not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, decreasing dietary crude protein percentage from 12% to 10% in finishing pigs in summer may have no negative effects on growth performance and carcass quality.
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- 2022
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20. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Jejunal Mucosal Barrier Function Damage and Regulates Colonic Microbiota in Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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Caiyun Huang, Dongxu Ming, Wenhui Wang, Zijie Wang, Yongfei Hu, Xi Ma, and Fenglai Wang
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pyrroloquinoline quinone ,antioxidant ,inflammation ,intestinal mucosa ,tight junction ,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Twenty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred barrows were assigned to four groups: two E. coli K88 challenge groups and two non-challenge groups, each provided a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 3 mg/kg PQQ. On day 14, piglets were challenged with 10 mL 1 × 109 CFU/mL of E. coli K88 or PBS for 48 h. The villus height (VH) and villus height/crypt depth (VCR) ratio of the E. coli K88-challenged group supplemented with PQQ was significantly reduced than in the non-supplemented challenge group (P < 0.05), while levels of jejunal zonula occludens-3 (ZO-3), diamine oxidase, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-22 proteins were higher (P < 0.05), as were the activities of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capability (P < 0.05). Moreover, PQQ supplementation alleviated an increase in levels of mucosal inflammatory cytokines and reduced the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by E. coli K88 (P < 0.05). Gene sequencing of 16S rRNA showed dietary supplementation with PQQ in E. coli K88-challenged piglets attenuated a decrease in Lactobacillus count and butyrate, isobutyrate level, and an increase in Ruminococcus and Intestinibacter counts, all of which were observed in non-supplemented, challenge-group piglets. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with PQQ can effectively alleviate jejunal mucosal inflammatory injury by inhibiting NF-κB pathways and regulating the imbalance of colonic microbiota in piglets challenged with E. coli K88.
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- 2020
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21. Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs
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Yakui Li, Zhongchao Li, Hu Liu, Jean Noblet, Ling Liu, Defa Li, Fenglai Wang, and Changhua Lai
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By-product ,Growing Pig ,Heat Production ,Indirect Calorimetry ,Net Energy ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), corn germ meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), solvent-extracted peanut meal (PNM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry or published prediction equations. Methods Twelve growing barrows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 32.4±3.3 kg were allotted to a replicated 3×6 Youden square design with 3 successive periods and 6 diets. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 d, which included 7 days for adaptation. On d 8, the pigs were transferred to the respiration chambers and fed one of the 6 diets at 2.0 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Total feces and urine were collected and daily heat production was measured from d 9 to d 13. On d 14 and d15, pigs were fed at their maintenance energy requirement level. On the last day pigs were fasted and fasting heat production was measured. Results The NE of FFRB, CGM, CGF, PNM, and SFM measured by indirect calorimetry method was 12.33, 8.75, 7.51, 10.79, and 6.49 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE/ME ratios ranged from 67.2% (SFM) to 78.5% (CGF). The NE values for the 5 ingredients calculated according to the prediction equations were 12.22, 8.55, 6.79, 10.51, and 6.17 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusion The NE values were the highest for FFRB and PNM and the lowest in the corn co-products and SFM. The average NE of the 5 ingredients measured by indirect calorimetry method in the current study was greater than values predicted from NE prediction equations (0.32 MJ/kg DM).
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- 2018
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22. Methodologies on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and determining the net energy contents of feed ingredients in swine: a review of recent work
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Zhongchao Li, Hu Liu, Yakui Li, Zhiqian Lv, Ling Liu, Changhua Lai, Junjun Wang, Fenglai Wang, Defa Li, and Shuai Zhang
- Subjects
Heat production ,Ingredients ,Maintenance ,Net energy ,Prediction equations ,Validation ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME systems, the net energy (NE) system is assumed to be the most accurate estimate of the energy actually available to the animal. However, published data pertaining to the measured NE content of ingredients fed to growing pigs are limited. Therefore, the Feed Data Group at the Ministry of Agricultural Feed Industry Centre (MAFIC) located at China Agricultural University has evaluated the NE content of many ingredients using indirect calorimetry. The present review summarizes the NE research works conducted at MAFIC and compares these results with those from other research groups on methodological aspect. These research projects mainly focus on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and its impact on the determination, prediction, and validation of the NE content of several ingredients fed to swine. The estimation of maintenance energy is affected by methodology, growth stage, and previous feeding level. The fasting heat production method and the curvilinear regression method were used in MAFIC to estimate the NE requirement for maintenance. The NE contents of different feedstuffs were determined using indirect calorimetry through standard experimental procedure in MAFIC. Previously generated NE equations can also be used to predict NE in situations where calorimeters are not available. Although popular, the caloric efficiency is not a generally accepted method to validate the energy content of individual feedstuffs. In the future, more accurate and dynamic NE prediction equations aiming at specific ingredients should be established, and more practical validation approaches need to be developed.
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- 2018
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23. Integrative analysis of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics profiling reveals alterations in energy metabolism between fed and fasted pigs
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Hu Liu, Yifan Chen, Dongxu Ming, Ji Wang, Zhen Li, Xi Ma, Junjun Wang, Jaap van Milgen, and Fenglai Wang
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Fasting ,Growing pig ,Indirect calorimetry ,Metabolomics ,Plasma ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Fasting is a simple metabolic strategy that is used to estimate the maintenance energy requirement where the energy supply for basic physiological functions is provided by the mobilization of body reserves. However, the underlying metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure are not clear. This study investigated the differences in heat production (HP), respiratory quotient (RQ) and plasma metabolites in pigs in the fed and fasted state, using the techniques of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics. Methods Nine barrows (45.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were fed corn-soybean based meal diets and were kept in metabolism crates for a period of 14 d. After 7 d adaptation, pigs were transferred to respiratory chambers to determine HP and RQ based on indirect calorimetry. Pigs were fed the diet at 2,400 kJ ME/(kg BW0.6·d) during d 8 to 12. The last 2 d were divided into 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting treatment, respectively. Plasma samples of each pig were collected from the anterior vena cava during the last 3 d (1 d while pigs were fed and 2 d during which they were fasted). The metabolites of plasma were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a metabolomics approach. Results Indirect calorimetry analysis revealed that HP and RQ were no significant difference between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting, which were lower than those of fed state (P
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- 2018
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24. Triggers for the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Its Nutritional Regulation: Potential Therapeutic Applications of Ulcerative Colitis
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Hu Liu, Lee J. Johnston, Fenglai Wang, and Xi Ma
- Subjects
antioxidant response element ,Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ,nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 ,nutritional regulation ,ulcerative colitis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects millions of people worldwide, is characterized by extensive colonic injury involving mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in cellular protection against oxidant-induced stress. Antioxidant response element (ARE) is the binding site recognized by Nrf2 and leads to the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins. The Nrf2/ARE system is a key factor for preventing and resolving tissue injury and inflammation in disease conditions such as UC. Researchers have proposed that both Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent cascades contribute positive effects on activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on mechanisms controlling the activation process. We will further review nutritional compounds that can modulate activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and may be used as potential therapeutic application of UC. These comprehensive data will help us to better understand the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and promote its effective application in response to common diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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- 2021
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25. Effects of Weaning Age at 21 and 28 Days on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Redox Status in Piglets
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Dongxu Ming, Wenhui Wang, Caiyun Huang, Zijie Wang, Chenyu Shi, Jian Ding, Hu Liu, and Fenglai Wang
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weaned pigs ,weaning age ,growth performance ,redox status ,intestinal morphology ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The study objective was to assess effects of different weaning ages on growth performance, intestinal morphology and redox status in Duroc × Landrace × Large White piglets (n = 96) fed diets without antibiotic growth promoters. Piglets were selected from 24 litters based on similar body weight at 14 d of age. All piglets were allocated to two groups in a completely random design with six replicates and eight pigs per replicate (four barrows and four gilts), which were weaned at 21 (n = 48; BW = 6.87 ± 0.33 kg) and 28 (n = 48; BW = 8.49 ± 0.41 kg) days of age. After weaning, pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion (F:G), diarrhea incidence, gastrointestinal pH, intestinal morphology and redox status were determined. Pigs weaned at 28 d displayed increased ADG from d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had a higher ADFI from d 0 to 7 (p < 0.01), d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01), d 15 to 28 (p < 0.05) and during the entire experimental period (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 21 d had an improved F:G from d 15 to 28 (p < 0.05) compared with pigs weaned at 28 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had decreased diarrhea incidence from d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01) and the entire experimental period (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. On d 28, the pH of the stomach contents in pigs weaned at 21 d was significantly higher compared with pigs weaned at 28 d (p < 0.01). On d 14, the morphology of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in pigs weaned at 28 d was improved compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. During the experiment period, the antioxidant abilities of pigs weaned at 28 d of the heart, liver, kidney, intestinal and serum were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. In conclusion, intestinal morphology, pH of the stomach and antioxidant status of pigs weaned at 28 d were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. These factors supported better growth performance and decreased diarrhea incidence.
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- 2021
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26. Experimental Investigation into the Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls with Vertical Joint Connections
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Zhiming Zhang and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
prefabricated reinforced masonry shear wall ,cyclic loading ,vertical joint ,seismic performance ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this study, four single-story reinforced masonry shear walls (RMSWs) (two prefabricated and two cast-in-place) under reversed cyclic loading were tested to evaluate their seismic performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the shear behavior of RMSWs with flanges at the wall ends as well as the effect of construction method. The test results showed that all specimens had a similar failure mode with diagonal cracking. However, the crack distribution was strongly influenced by the construction method. The lateral capacity of the prefabricated walls was 12% and 27% higher than that of the corresponding cast-in-place walls with respect to the rectangular and T-shaped cross sections. The prefabricated walls showed better post-cracking performance than did the cast-in-place wall. The secant stiffness of all the walls decreased rapidly to approximately 63% of the initial stiffness when the first major diagonal crack was observed. The idealized equivalent elastic-plastic system showed that the prefabricated walls had a greater displacement ductility of 3.2–4.8 than that of the cast-in-place walls with a displacement ductility value of 2.3–2.7. This proved that the vertical joints in prefabricated RMSWs enhanced the seismic performance of walls in shear capacity and ductility. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping of the specimens ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 for prefabricated and cast-in-place walls, respectively.
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- 2021
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27. Net energy of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs
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Zhongchao Li, Yakui Li, Zhiqian Lv, Hu Liu, Jinbiao Zhao, Jean Noblet, Fenglai Wang, Changhua Lai, and Defa Li
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Caloric efficiency ,Growing pig ,Heat production ,Net energy ,Rapeseed meal ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy (NE) of corn, soybean meal, expeller-pressed rapeseed meal (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance. Methods In Exp.1, 24 barrows (initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet, a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM (9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM (1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs (initial BW = 36.0 ± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications (pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM. Results The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn (78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal (70%) and rapeseed meal (76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for all diets. Conclusions The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets.
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- 2017
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28. Effects of Diet Supplemented with Excess Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Redox Status in Weaned Pigs
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Dongxu Ming, Caiyun Huang, Wenhui Wang, Zijie Wang, Chenyu Shi, Xindi Yin, Linlin Sun, Youjun Gao, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
pyrroloquinoline quinone ,safety ,redox status ,weaned pigs ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The research was implemented to assess the safety of feeding excess of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) to 108 Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned pigs (BW = 8.38 ± 0.47 kg). Pigs were weaned at 28 d and randomly distributed to one of three diets with six replicates and six pigs per replicate (three males and three females). Pigs in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet (without growth promoter) while the two experimental diets were supplied with 7.5 and 75.0 mg/kg PQQ·Na2, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion (F:G), diarrhea incidence, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ index and general health were determined. Diets supplementation with 7.5 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 in weaned pigs could increase ADG during the entire experimental period (p < 0.05). And there was a tendency to decrease F:G (p = 0.063). The F:G of weaned pigs fed 7.5 and 75.0 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 supplemented diets was decreased by 9.83% and 8.67%, respectively, compared to the control group. Moreover, pigs had reduced diarrhea incidence (p < 0.01) when supplemented with PQQ·Na2. No differences were observed between pigs supplemented with 0.0, 7.5 and 75.0 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 diets on hematological and serum biochemical parameters as well as histological assessment of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. At day 14, pigs had increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (p < 0.05), catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05), and the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased (p < 0.01) with PQQ·Na2 supplementation. At day 28, pigs had increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p < 0.01), GSH-Px (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05) and T-AOC (p < 0.01), and serum concentration of MDA was lower (p < 0.01) with PQQ·Na2 supplementation. In conclusion, PQQ·Na2 can improve weaned pigs growth performance and serum antioxidant status. Meanwhile high PQQ·Na2 inclusion of 75.0 mg/kg does not appear to result in harmful effects on growth performance of pigs.
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- 2021
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29. Different Sources of Copper Effect on Intestinal Epithelial Cell: Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolism
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Runxian Li, Yang Wen, Gang Lin, Chengzhen Meng, Pingli He, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
copper ,cytotoxicity ,bioavailability ,oxidative stress ,intestinal epithelial cell ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Copper (Cu) is widely used in the swine industry to improve the growth performance of pigs. However, high doses of copper will induce cell damage and toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate toxicity, bioavailability, and effects on metabolic processes of varying copper sources using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) as a model. The IPEC-J2 were treated with two doses (30 and 120 μM) of CuSO4, Cu Glycine (Cu-Gly), and Cu proteinate (Cu-Pro) for 10 h, respectively. Cell damage and cellular copper metabolism were measured by the changes in cell viability, copper uptake, oxidative stress biomarkers, and gene/protein expression levels. The results showed that cell viability and ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) decreased significantly in all treatment groups; intracellular copper content increased significantly in all treatment groups; total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly in the 120 μM exposed groups; SOD1 protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in 30 μM Cu-Pro, 120 μM Cu-Gly, and 120 μM Cu-Pro treatment groups; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in 30 μM treatment groups and 120 μM CuSO4 treatment group. CTR1 and ATP7A gene expression were significantly downregulated in the 120 μM exposed groups. While upregulation of ATOX1 expression was observed in the presence of 120 μM Cu-Gly and Cu-Pro. ASCT2 gene expression was significantly upregulated after 120 μM Cu-Glycine and CuSO4 exposure, and PepT1 gene expression was significantly upregulated after Cu-Pro exposure. In addition, CTR1 protein expression level decreased after 120 μM CuSO4 and Cu-Gly exposure. PepT1 protein expression level was only upregulated after 120 μM Cu-Pro exposure. These findings indicated that extra copper supplementation can induce intestinal epithelial cell injury, and different forms of copper may have differing effects on cell metabolism.
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- 2019
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30. Experimental Investigation into the Seismic Performance of Fully Grouted Concrete Masonry Walls Using New Prestressing Technology
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Bin Chi, Xu Yang, Fenglai Wang, Zhiming Zhang, and Yuhu Quan
- Subjects
reinforced masonry ,prestressing technology ,experimental investigation ,cyclic loading ,seismic performance ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In recent years, traditional masonry structures have been widely used in rural areas of China. However, they were found to have a poor seismic performance during earthquakes. In this study, a new prestressing technology was proposed and described in detail, and it was used in fully grouted concrete masonry wall systems to improve its seismic performance. The experimental work involved investigating the seismic response of four fully grouted reinforced concrete masonry wall systems, consisting of two symmetrically arranged reinforced block masonry walls, with different section types and prestressing technologies, when subjected to cyclic lateral force. Based on the test results, a flexure and ductile failure occurred in the specimens with a rectangular section, while a shear and brittle failure occurred in the specimens with a T-shape section. The prestressing technology had no significant effect on the failure state of the specimens, but it influenced the crack propagation, making cracks fine and densely covered. A symmetrical and obvious pinching effect was observed in the hysteretic response of all specimens. The average displacement ductility of the specimens varied within a range of values between 3.34 and 6.92, according to the section type of the specimens, and the prestressing technology improved the displacement ductility of the specimens. Moreover, the prestressing technology significantly improved the initial stiffness of the specimens, and the specimens with prestressing technology experienced a greater fall in the degradation of the normalized stiffness than the specimens without this technology throughout the loading process. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping of the specimens ranged between 8.2% and 10.8%, according to the section type. It could be concluded that the prestressing technology improved the energy dissipation of the specimens at the ascending stage, although it had no marked influence on the equivalent damping ratio of the specimens.
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- 2019
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31. Characteristics of Gravelly Granite Residual Soil in Bored Pile Design: An In Situ Test in Shenzhen
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Shuai Luan, Fenglai Wang, Tiehong Wang, Zhao Lu, and Weihou Shui
- Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Granite residual soil is widely distributed in south China and is treated as a special soil. Its design parameters in rotary drilling bored piles are a matter of debate due to lack of in-situ pile load tests. Back-analysis of test piles is a reliable means of studying the geotechnical capacity of granite residual soil for pile design. In this study, a series of in situ tests was conducted comprising six full-scale instrumented test piles in gravelly granite residual soil in Shenzhen to consider the effects of different construction methods. The six piles were constructed with three different rotary drilling methods. Two commonly used design methods were investigated in the back-analysis: the SPT and effective stress methods. The results of the loading tests and strain gauges were used to obtain the back-analyzed parameters of the ultimate shaft resistance and ultimate base resistance for gravelly granite residual soil with these two design methods.
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- 2018
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32. Illuminating the Gray Zone: Non-intrusive Gray Failure Localization in Server Operating Systems.
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Shenglin Zhang, Yongxin Zhao, Xiao Xiong, Yongqian Sun, Xiaohui Nie, Jiacheng Zhang, Fenglai Wang, Xian Zheng, Yuzhi Zhang, and Dan Pei
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- 2024
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33. Experimental and Numerical Study on the Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls
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Weifan Xu, Xu Yang, Fenglai Wang, and Bin Chi
- Subjects
prefabrication construction technology ,reinforced masonry shear wall ,experimental study ,numerical simulation ,flexural failure ,seismic performance ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The seismic performance of prefabricated reinforced concrete block masonry shear walls (PRMSWs) was studied. Five PRMSWs were tested under cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of the axial compression ratio and the distribution of the vertical rebar on the inelastic behavior. Based on the experimental results, the lateral load capacity, failure mode, lateral drift, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and the seismic performance stability of the specimens were analyzed. The finite element analysis of the specimens was conducted with ABAQUS, which agreed quite well with the laboratory findings. Relevant results showed that PRMSW exhibited favorable ductility and energy dissipation. The increase of the compression ratio led to stiffer, but more brittle, inelastic behavior of the specimens that had higher flexural strength. The shear walls that had concentrated vertical rebar at the sides exhibited relatively higher load capacity and less ductility compared to the walls that had evenly distributed rebar. The inelastic lateral drift limit of the PRMSW could be assigned 1/120. The equivalent viscous damping ratio of the PRMSW was 9–13% at ultimate load. These results provide a technical basis for the design and application of the PRMSW structures.
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- 2018
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34. Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Newly-Developed Precast Reinforced Concrete Block Masonry Shear Walls
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Weifan Xu, Xu Yang, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
cleaning-hole concrete block ,precast reinforced masonry shear wall ,seismic performance ,quasi-static test ,flexural failure ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Typically, a special type of concrete block with cleaning holes is used in the bottom layer of traditional reinforced masonry shear walls (RMSWs) for mortar cleaning and vertical rebar connection, which results in reduced integrity and weakened structural behavior. In this paper, a precast construction technology was introduced to overcome these shortcomings. The cleaning-hole blocks were eliminated in the newly-developed precast RMSWs. Quasi-static tests on two traditional and two precast fully grouted RMSWs were conducted. The results showed that the flexural capacity of precast walls exhibited about a 10% increase when compared to traditional RMSWs under the same axial compression. Precast RMSWs that failed in flexural mode showed favorable deformation capacity and the displacement ductility value corresponding to 15% strength degradation reached 4.9. The wall stiffness degraded rapidly to 50% of the initial stiffness, K0, at 0.2% drift and, at 0.5% drift, the corresponding stiffness decreased to about 21% K0 at a more gradual rate. Furthermore, precast RMSWs exhibited significant energy dissipation capacity. The experiment suggests that precast RMSWs have a satisfactory seismic performance.
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- 2018
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35. Statistical characteristics and scenario analysis of embodied carbon emissions of multi-story residential buildings in China
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Zhang, Xiaocun, Sun, Jiayue, Zhang, Xueqi, and Fenglai, Wang
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- 2024
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36. Towards understanding uniformity of megasonic-assisted through-mask electrochemical micromachining based on bubble dynamics
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Mingxin Yu, Liqun Du, Ke Zhai, Haohao Cheng, Fenglai Wang, Aoqi Li, and Zhongmin Wang
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
37. Computer-Aided Optimization of Surveillance Cameras Placement on Construction Sites.
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Xincong Yang, Heng Li 0001, Ting Huang, Ximei Zhai, Fenglai Wang, and Chen Wang 0016
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- 2018
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38. Influence of parameter uncertainty on the low‐carbon design optimization of reinforced concrete continuous beams
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Xiaocun Zhang and Fenglai Wang
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Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Building and Construction ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2022
39. UPLC‐MS‐based plasma metabolomics for identifying energy metabolism biomarkers of maintenance in growing pigs
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Hu Liu, Dewen Liu, Wenhui Wang, Zhaoning Jiang, Xi Ma, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
Food Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the potential plasma metabolism biomarkers reflecting the maintenance status of growing pigs. The repeated measurement design was used in this experiment, and six barrows (28.6 ± 0.5 kg BW) were selected and kept in metabolism crates. The feeding level in growing pigs close to ad libitum was 2400 kJ ME/kg BW
- Published
- 2022
40. Pyrroloquinoline quinone regulates glycolipid metabolism in the jejunum via inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation of weaned pigs
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Caiyun Huang, Chenyu Shi, Zhe Li, Wenhui Wang, Dongxu Ming, Youjun Gao, Hu Liu, Xi Ma, and Fenglai Wang
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General Medicine ,Food Science - Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone maintains intestinal metabolic function and AMPK phosphorylation of weaned pigs.
- Published
- 2022
41. Key chemical components affecting the available energy of feed ingredients in pigs
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Junjun Wang, Changhua Lai, Chengfei Huang, Ling Liu, Shuai Zhang, Jie Hu, XiangShu Piao, Fenglai Wang, ZhongChao Li, and JunTao Li
- Subjects
Available energy ,Key (cryptography) ,Environmental science ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Biochemical engineering - Published
- 2020
42. Net energy and its establishment of prediction equations for wheat bran in growing pigs
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Zhiqian Lyu, Yifan Chen, Fenglai Wang, Ling Liu, Shuai Zhang, and Changhua Lai
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General Veterinary ,Physiology ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food Science - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows.Methods: Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.4 kg body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 8 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet, 6 wheat bran diets and 1 wheat shorts diet. The inclusion level of wheat bran or wheat shorts in diets is 30%.Results: The addition of wheat bran reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (p
- Published
- 2021
43. Dietary Supplementation With Fine-Grinding Wheat Bran Improves Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response
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Zijie, Wang, Yifan, Chen, Wenhui, Wang, Caiyun, Huang, Yongfei, Hu, Lee, Johnston, and Fenglai, Wang
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fine-grinding wheat bran on pregnant sow body condition, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. In this study, wheat bran was crushed into three particle sizes. A total of 60 Landrace × Yorkshire second parity sows were allotted to two groups: CWB (a diet containing coarse wheat bran with particle size of 605 μm) and FWB (a diet containing fine wheat bran with particle size of 438 μm). Fine-grinding wheat bran had higher soluble dietary fiber concentration, swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, and fermentability than coarse wheat bran. Pregnant sows fed FWB throughout pregnancy had lower body weight and fat deposition than sows fed CWB. And the piglet body weight at birth of the FWB group was remarkably increased. Serum concentrations of lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid), interleukin 6, leptin, and resistin were decreased on day 90 of pregnancy by fine wheat bran supplementation. Feeding FWB significantly decreased abundance of
- Published
- 2021
44. Recent advances in immunoassays and biosensors for mycotoxins detection in feedstuffs and foods
- Author
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Pingli He, Yang Wen, Runxian Li, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
Computer science ,Veterinary medicine ,Rapid detection ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Future trend ,food and beverages ,Review ,Mycotoxins ,SF1-1100 ,Biochemistry ,Animal culture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biosensors ,chemistry ,SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biochemical engineering ,Mycotoxin ,Immunoassays ,Biosensor ,Multiple detection ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus. Many mycotoxin species are highly toxic and are frequently found in cereals and feedstuffs. So, powerful detection methods are vital and effective ways to prevent feed contamination. Traditional detection methods can no longer meet the needs of massive, real-time, simple, and fast mycotoxin monitoring. Rapid detection methods based on advanced material and sensor technology are the future trend. In this review, we highlight recent progress of mycotoxin rapid detection strategies in feedstuffs and foods, especially for simultaneous multiplex mycotoxin determination. Immunoassays, biosensors, and the prominent roles of nanomaterials are introduced. The principles of different types of recognition and signal transduction are explained, and the merits and pitfalls of these methods are compared. Furthermore, limitations and challenges of existing rapid sensing strategies and perspectives of future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
45. Effect of maternal dietary starch-to-fat ratio and daily energy intake during late pregnancy on the performance and lipid metabolism of primiparous sows and newborn piglets
- Author
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Wenhui Wang, Zijie Wang, Dongxu Ming, Caiyun Huang, Song Xu, Zhe Li, Zhenyu Wang, Hu Liu, Xiangfang Zeng, and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
Swine ,animal diseases ,Starch ,General Medicine ,Lipid Metabolism ,Dietary Fats ,Parity ,Animals, Newborn ,Pregnancy ,Genetics ,Animals ,Lactation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Featured Collection ,Food Science - Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary energy intake and starch-to-fat ratio during late gestation on the performance and lipid metabolism of sows and their offspring. On day 84 of gestation, 80 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements according to body weight following a randomized complete block design. The factors were daily energy intake (8,375 kcal ME/d [CE] vs. 9,600 kcal ME/d [HE]) and dietary starch-to-fat ratio (10:1 [CR] vs. 15:1 [HR]). All sows were fed one of four diets from day 85 of gestation until farrowing. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SPSS. High energy intake increased the body weight of sows on day 110 of gestation (P = 0.031) as well as the weight of piglets at birth (P = 0.018). Increased energy intake elevated the plasma triglyceride concentrations in sows (P = 0.027) and piglets (P = 0.044). Maternal high energy intake altered the liver metabolome of newborn piglets in terms of metabolites related to carbohydrate and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, maternal high energy intake increased hepatic total cholesterol (P = 0.023) and triglyceride (P = 0.026) concentration in newborn piglets. Furthermore, maternal high energy intake significantly increased the transcript abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS; P = 0.001) and protein abundance of phosphorylated protein kinase B (P =0.001) in the liver of newborn piglets. A high starch-to-fat ratio reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in the plasma of sows (P = 0.044) and newborn piglets (P = 0.048) as well as in the liver of newborn piglets (P = 0.015). Furthermore, maternal high starch-to-fat ratio increased the transcript abundances of FAS (P = 0.004) in newborn piglets. In conclusion, high daily energy intake of sows increased the birth weight of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high daily energy intake and high dietary starch-to-fat ratio improved the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets.Given the growing concern regarding nutrition during gestation, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of energy on the reproductive performance and lipid metabolism of primiparous sows. Fat and starch are common dietary energy sources. Late gestation is a critical period for both sows and piglets. During late gestation, primiparous sows were administered one of the four dietary treatments (two daily energy intakes × two dietary starch-to-fat ratios). High energy intake increased the body weight of sows and birth weight of piglets. Additionally, increased energy intake elevated the plasma triglyceride concentration of sows and piglets. Moreover, maternal nutrition affected the hepatic lipid metabolism of newborn piglets. Therefore, offspring metabolism can be regulated through maternal diet. In conclusion, high daily energy intake of sows increased the birth weight of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high daily energy intake and high dietary starch-to-fat ratio improved the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets.
- Published
- 2021
46. In-plane shear strength and damage fragility functions for partially-grouted reinforced masonry walls with bond-beam reinforcement
- Author
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Zhiming Zhang, Fenglai Wang, Gerardo Araya-Letelier, Cristián Sandoval, Juan Murcia-Delso, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ATEM - Anàlisi i Tecnologia d'Estructures i Materials
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Shear force ,Fragility functions ,Enginyeria civil::Materials i estructures [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Structural engineering ,Masonry ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Bond beam ,Retaining walls--Design and construction ,In-plane shear strength ,Fragility ,Shear strength ,Seismic performance ,Murs de contenció -- Disseny i construcció ,Deformation (engineering) ,business ,Joint (geology) ,Reinforced masonry ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Partially-grouted walls - Abstract
This paper presents a study on the in-plane shear response of partially-grouted reinforced masonry walls with bond-beam reinforcement. A database of 95 tests on partially-grouted walls made of concrete hollow blocks was compiled from experimental studies reported in the literature to characterize the capacity and damageability of walls subjected to in-plane lateral loading. The database has been used to evaluate the accuracy of existing design shear strength equations for partially-grouted walls. It is concluded that the shear strength expressions in the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) code and Canadian standard are unconservative for partially-grouted walls. A modified equation based on the MSJC expression is proposed which better estimates the shear strength of this type of walls. Seismic fragility functions are also derived based on the experimental database to calculate the probability of experiencing moderate and severe damage in a partially-grouted wall for a given story-drift ratio deformation or normalized shear force demand. The resulting fragility functions show that the normalized shear demand is better correlated with the level of damage than the story-drift ratio. The first author Z. Zhang gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by a Harbin Institute of Technology scholarship to conduct research as a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin under the supervision of the second author J. Murcia-Delso. The co-authors C. Sandoval and G. Araya-Letelier are grateful for the funding provided by the Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDEF) under Grant N° 17I10264 and the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Chile (FONDECYT Regular) through Grant No. 1181598.
- Published
- 2021
47. The Efficiency of the Chinese Prefabricated Building Industry and Its Influencing Factors: An Empirical Study
- Author
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Zufeng Shang, Fenglai Wang, and Xu Yang
- Subjects
data envelopment analysis (DEA) ,industry sustainable development ,overall technical efficiency ,prefabricated building industry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Abstract
China is a world leader in capital construction. In the construction field, the shift toward prefabricated construction has become an important path for industrial transformation. This paper refers to the development of the prefabricated building industry in China, and uses input and output perspectives to examine its efficiency. It builds a data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the efficiency of the prefabricated building industry in China at both the micro and macro levels, and uses the Tobit model to empirically analyze the factors that influence this industry’s efficiency. It finds that the country’s prefabricated building industry has a moderate micro-level efficiency. This means that it is necessary to further rationalize industrial planning; strengthen technological innovation; and improve standardization, mechanization, and automation levels. At the macro level, China’s prefabricated buildings have a low industrial efficiency and remain at the initial stage of industrial development. A series of problems, such as small industrial scale and unsound policies, are restricting the industry’s rapid and efficient development. We propose several countermeasures and suggestions for the (micro- and macro-level) sustainable development of the prefabricated building industry in China, and anticipate that this will have implications for this industry’s worldwide development.
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- 2022
48. Machine learning-based real-time tracking for concrete vibration
- Author
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Yuhu Quan and Fenglai Wang
- Subjects
Control and Systems Engineering ,Building and Construction ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2022
49. Effects of Weaning Age at 21 and 28 Days on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Redox Status in Piglets
- Author
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Zijie Wang, Dongxu Ming, Jian Ding, Fenglai Wang, Caiyun Huang, Hu Liu, Wenhui Wang, and Chenyu Shi
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,animal diseases ,redox status ,Ileum ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Article ,Jejunum ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Weaning ,weaned pigs ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Meal ,growth performance ,General Veterinary ,Stomach ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,intestinal morphology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,weaning age ,Diarrhea ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,QL1-991 ,Duodenum ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Zoology - Abstract
The study objective was to assess effects of different weaning ages on growth performance, intestinal morphology and redox status in Duroc × Landrace × Large White piglets (n = 96) fed diets without antibiotic growth promoters. Piglets were selected from 24 litters based on similar body weight at 14 d of age. All piglets were allocated to two groups in a completely random design with six replicates and eight pigs per replicate (four barrows and four gilts), which were weaned at 21 (n = 48, BW = 6.87 ± 0.33 kg) and 28 (n = 48, BW = 8.49 ± 0.41 kg) days of age. After weaning, pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion (F:G), diarrhea incidence, gastrointestinal pH, intestinal morphology and redox status were determined. Pigs weaned at 28 d displayed increased ADG from d 8 to 14 (p <, 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had a higher ADFI from d 0 to 7 (p <, 0.01), d 8 to 14 (p <, 0.01), d 15 to 28 (p <, 0.05) and during the entire experimental period (p <, 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 21 d had an improved F:G from d 15 to 28 (p <, 0.05) compared with pigs weaned at 28 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had decreased diarrhea incidence from d 8 to 14 (p <, 0.01) and the entire experimental period (p <, 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. On d 28, the pH of the stomach contents in pigs weaned at 21 d was significantly higher compared with pigs weaned at 28 d (p <, 0.01). On d 14, the morphology of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in pigs weaned at 28 d was improved compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. During the experiment period, the antioxidant abilities of pigs weaned at 28 d of the heart, liver, kidney, intestinal and serum were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. In conclusion, intestinal morphology, pH of the stomach and antioxidant status of pigs weaned at 28 d were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. These factors supported better growth performance and decreased diarrhea incidence.
- Published
- 2021
50. Pyrroloquinoline quinone regulates the redox status in vitro and in vivo of weaned pigs via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
- Author
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Fenglai Wang, Zijuan Fan, Caiyun Huang, Xi Ma, Lee J Johnston, and Dandan Han
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Veterinary medicine ,H2O2 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Occludin ,Biochemistry ,SF1-1100 ,Nrf2 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pyrroloquinoline quinone ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Viability assay ,Research ,Transfection ,Weaned pig ,Animal culture ,IPEC-J2 ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Oxidative stress ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Intracellular ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties. However, the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) challenged with H2O2. Results Experiment 1, 144 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (weaned at 28 d) were allocated to four groups: received a basal diet (control) and diets supplemented with 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% PQQ, respectively. On d 28, growth performance, diarrhea incidence and redox factors were measured. Experiment 2, IPEC-J2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H2O2 for indicated time points. Experiment 3, IPEC-J2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA, then treated according to Experiment 2. The cell viability, redox factors, protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were determined. In vivo, PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio (Linear P P In vitro, compared to cells cultured with H2O2, pre-treatment with PQQ increased cell viability, tight junction proteins expression including ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin and Claudin-1; and decreased ROS concentration and level of Caspase-3 (P 2O2-induced intracellular changes. Conclusions PQQ administration attenuated oxidative stress in weaned pigs which is associated with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
- Published
- 2021
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