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Although there is widespread agreement among U.S. experts that the United States must protect its technological advantage, there is disagreement about how best to do so. The related debate reveals tension between maintaining an unrestricted federally-funded research and development enterprise, on one hand, and countering foreign governments seeking to exploit it, on the other. Although lawyers have engaged with this debate in academic scholarship and in strategic ways like influencing national- level law and policy, legal practitioners have often been absent at the operational level. By way of facilitating such engagement, this Article provides a primer on National Security Decision Directive 189, an executive order issued in 1985 that established national policy favoring openness with respect to federally-funded fundamental research. The Article also considers the legal force the order continues to hold given recent legislative and executive action designed to strengthen the federally-funded research and development enterprise against foreign threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) has introduced new requirements for data sharing for grant proposals. It mentions that researchers in all scientific fields who receive federal funding will have to submit a plan for managing and sharing the data produced by their projects, however this new mandate has caused stress among some researchers as their fields have no established platforms or standards for storing and sharing their data.

• A turbulent geopolitical landscape complicates international exchanges in science. • A sound balance between research securitization and openness needs to be developed. • The paper addresses the role of research funders in this process. • Guidelines balancing research security and openness are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2008 U.S. presidential campaign produced proposals for substantial increases in spending on energy technology and innovation, but with limited detail on how that effort was to be carried out. In this book Charles Weiss and William B. Bonvillian give those details. More than a book, this is a concrete plan for a federal program - on the scale of the Apollo Program – to stimulate technological innovation in energy.

On December 26, 2007, President Bush signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 into law. The bill contained language requiring all investigators funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to place a copy of manuscripts resulting from NIH-funded research into the National Library of Medicine's online repository, PubMed Central, to be made publicly available within one year of publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The policy will take effect April 7, 2008, and will impact three constituencies on college and university campuses: NIH-funded investigators; institutional research administrators and legal counsel: and librarians. This paper will explore the new policy's requirements of each constituency, the roles each may consider playing to ensure effective compliance with the policy, and the new opportunities that are afforded to all of the three groups by this groundbreaking initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Medical News article discusses renewed federal funding for gun violence research, which had largely been on hold for about 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article comments on controversies on recombinant DNA science and technology. It emphasizes the need for government intervention just like what the government did in the case of atomic energy development. It suggests that the government must make some risk and benefit assessment activities in considering funding of recombinant DNA science and technology.

The article focuses on issues and topics related to a federally-funded supersonic transport (SST) project in the U.S. This project was first advocated by the aircraft industry and agencies concerned with the aviation capabilities of the U.S. Air Force. The program obtained full federal commitment as a result of a general conviction that the supersonic transport represented the next inevitable advance in commercial aviation and the fear that Soviet or Anglo-French domination of the SST market would be a blow to American prestige. Upon examination of the policy-making process which led President John F. Kennedy to decide to go ahead with the project, one can find the seriousness of two of the major environmental problems associated with the SST, including sonic boom and engine noise.

The article discusses the controversies arising from the "strike" research campaign of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched on March 4, 1969 and subsequently discussed in a panel on March 8 of the same year. According to the organizers, the controversies did not affect the campaign since the primary objective of the organization is to inaugurate a movement. Questions raised by different social groups includes the type of movement to create and the source of fundings for the established movement. It has been an obvious knowledge in the American society that government-sponsored research in scientific fields accounts to 75% of the funds of university research projects, much of the money came directly from the country's Defense Department.

The article reports on the policies governing patents and government-financed research in the U.S. About two-thirds of the annual expenditures for scientific research and development made in the entire American economy is now provided by government contracts. While much of this is spent directly for military purposes, a large part of all the funds used to make commercial products better or cheaper is also being supplied by defense appropriations. The problem of how to dispose of patent rights in inventions produced by this government-financed research and development is only one aspect of the larger problem of preserving competitive commercial incentives in research so heavily based on defense spending.

This article presents the current status of marketing research in universities, government bureaus, and private organizations. Dr. Austin S. Bratcher of the University of Arizona has recently released a study titled "A Method of Delineating Retail Trade Zones." The Consumers Counsel Division of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration has issued a study titled "Consumption of Citrus Fruits and Related Products in Baltimore and Saint Louis." "Labeling and the Consumer Movement," by Dr. Warner K. Gabler has been released by the American Retail Federation.

The article discusses the implications of government subsidy for basic research and the importance of having free universities in the United States. It provides an assessment of the research policies and discusses various issues including the misconceptions about physics, incompatibility of secrecy and research, the expansion of science and research at the universities as a basis for defense of the free world, the importance of free universities and the impact of American tradition on government policy.

The article reports on issues and topics related to the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the U.S. On January 15, 1953, President Harry Truman filed with Congress the second annual report of the NSF, summarizing what essentially has been the first full year of NSF activities. It reveals something predicted one and two years ago, when scientists pleaded with Congress to be realistic in providing for the scientific needs of the nation. The Foundation, despite having proven its worth to national development and security, is still not really off the ground in coping with fundamental problems of the Federal government's research policy.