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Background/Aim: Dementia has become a public health problem due to its association with biological risk factors; obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. Most of these risk factors, appear to be associated with dementia as well as with risk of coronary artery diseases (CADs) and stroke. This study aimed to find out the association of biological risk factors with cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in a hospital was performed. After written informed consent and approval from hospital ethic committee, all subjects (n = 2002) above 25 years of age (1016 males and 986 females) were randomly selected and recruited from urban population of Moradabad, North India. Clinical data and risk factors were recorded with the help of case record form and validated questionnaires. Assessment of cognitive decline and dementia was made by Singh's memory function rating scale and biological risk factors by physical examination, sphygmomanometer and electrocardiography. The association of biological risk factors with dementia was calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment of age and sex. Results: Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, CAD and hypercholesterolemia were highly prevalent independent risk factors among patients with dementia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that regardless of age and body mass index, diabetes mellitus and CAD were highly significant (p < 0.001) risk factors of dementia. Hypertension and family history of dementia were weakly but significantly(p < 0.05) associated with dementia. Conclusion: It is possible that increased frequency of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and CAD may increase the risk of dementia in an ageing population. Prevention and control of these biological risk factors may cause decline in the risk of dementia.

High-quality Indo-Mediterranean foods are characterised with unrefined, unprocessed foods, whole grains such as dry millets and beans and porridge. Vegetables such as leaves and gourds, nuts and fruits such as apples, grapes, papaya, guava, etc are major components of this diet. It seems that healthy vegetable oils such as olive, mustard, rape seed oil and protein sources that are beneficial; beans, pulses, cottage cheese are crucial in this diet. Among animal sources, white meats; such as sea foods should also be part of this diet. Vegetables and spices with medicinal properties; gourds, turmeric, fenugreek, coriander and cumin may also be called high quality nutraceutical foods, respectively. There is a need to find out traditional foods from all other countries which may be protective and healthy. There is evidence that calories have tremendous role in weight gain and weight loss. It seems that emphasis on food quality is crucial for prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation in the adipocytes, which predispose obesity and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes. There are gaps in knowledge about the qualities of traditional foods, which prompt authors to present this communication.

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for various physiological processes and becomes even more vital during pregnancy, contributing to muscle relaxation, bone development, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure regulation. Despite the fact that the dietary sources of magnesium are diversified, it is still challenging to obtain it in sufficient quantities during pregnancy. We have elucidated its interactions and its specific impact on maternal–fetal health in different research publications. Magnesium also interacts synergistically with other micronutrients like calcium, vitamin D, potassium, zinc, iron, and vitamin B6, emphasizing its significance in promoting optimal outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. Inadequate magnesium intake during pregnancy has been linked to complications like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Therefore, there should be an emphasis on the importance of maintaining adequate magnesium levels through a balanced diet and supplementation. This research therefore studies the complex mechanisms of micronutrient interactions and their specific impacts on maternal–fetal health to enhance prenatal care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study included 40 participants to investigate the association of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) rs4580704 polymorphism with myocardial infarction (MI) cases. Materials and Methods: In this study, we enrolled 20 male and 20 female cases with MI. Genomic DNA extraction was done from lymphocytes using conventional techniques, employing the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) from lymphocytes. Genotyping was conducted through TaqMan singlenucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays, employing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). This streamlined approach ensures accurate and efficient analysis of genetic markers associated with MI across gender groups. Results: The study revealed significant associations between body mass index (BMI), hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and type 2 diabetes among both male and female MI patients. However, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not exhibit significant differences between genders. Analysis of CLOCK rs4580704 polymorphism indicated no variance in genotype and allele frequencies between male and female MI patients. When considering both genders, CLOCK rs4580704 polymorphism was significantly associated with BMI, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.02, P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.02, respectively). Nevertheless, logistic regression analysis showed no significant differences among MI cases across the various models of CLOCK rs4580704 polymorphism. Conclusion: No significant association was found between CLOCK rs4580704 polymorphism and MI in both genders. However, significant links were identified between this polymorphism and various cardiovascular risk factors including BMI, SBP, DBP, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and type 2 diabetes in MI cases. These findings underscore the potential influence of CLOCK rs4580704 polymorphism on cardiovascular risk profiles among individuals with MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythmicity optimizes the health and physiology by coordinating temporally the cellular functions, tissue functions, and behavior. These endogenously generated rhythms gets dampen with age and therefore compromise the temporal coordination. The pattern of fasting and feeding sets an external cue that profoundly influences the robustness of daily circadian rhythms. Irregular eating patterns can change the temporal coordination of physiology and metabolism leading to chronic diseases. Robust sustaining of fasting and feeding cycle, without altering nutrition quality, can reverse or prevent the chronic diseases as already depicted in an animal model. However, in humans, studies have shown that erratic pattern of eating can elevate the risk of diseases, whereas sustained fasting and feeding cycle, or prolonged overnight fasting, is correlated with protection from different cancers. Therefore, by just optimizing the external cues timing well defined eating patterns, can thus sustain a robust circadian clock, which may result in preventing many diseases and can improve the prognosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, comprising a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes and cancer in rodents and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythmicity optimizes the health and physiology by coordinating temporally the cellular functions, tissue functions, and behavior. These endogenously generated rhythms gets dampen with age and therefore compromise the temporal coordination. The pattern of fasting and feeding sets an external cue that profoundly influences the robustness of daily circadian rhythms. Irregular eating patterns can change the temporal coordination of physiology and metabolism leading to chronic diseases. Robust sustaining of fasting and feeding cycle, without altering nutrition quality, can reverse or prevent the chronic diseases as already depicted in an animal model. However, in humans, studies have shown that erratic pattern of eating can elevate the risk of diseases, whereas sustained fasting and feeding cycle, or prolonged overnight fasting, is correlated with protection from different cancers. Therefore, by just optimizing the external cues timing well defined eating patterns, can thus sustain a robust circadian clock, which may result in preventing many diseases and can improve the prognosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, comprising a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes and cancer in rodents and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythmicity optimizes the health and physiology by coordinating temporally the cellular functions, tissue functions, and behavior. These endogenously generated rhythms gets dampen with age and therefore compromise the temporal coordination. The pattern of fasting and feeding sets an external cue that profoundly influences the robustness of daily circadian rhythms. Irregular eating patterns can change the temporal coordination of physiology and metabolism leading to chronic diseases. Robust sustaining of fasting and feeding cycle, without altering nutrition quality, can reverse or prevent the chronic diseases as already depicted in an animal model. However, in humans, studies have shown that erratic pattern of eating can elevate the risk of diseases, whereas sustained fasting and feeding cycle, or prolonged overnight fasting, is correlated with protection from different cancers. Therefore, by just optimizing the external cues timing well defined eating patterns, can thus sustain a robust circadian clock, which may result in preventing many diseases and can improve the prognosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, comprising a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes and cancer in rodents and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]