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The aim of this paper is to present a family of polynomial quasi-interpolants in Bernstein basis. More precisely, we will combine the strong features of the polar forms and the symmetric polynomials to derive the coefficients of the quasi-interpolant in the Bernstein basis representation. We also derive a collection of spline quasi-interpolants that reproduce polynomial functions up to degree 2. Numerical examples support the theoretical results and show that the proposed scheme is simple and effective.

Water quality indices (WQI) are essential tools for the overall assessment of the quality of water reserved for human consumption or for other uses. In the present study, two WQI were selected for the assessment of bottled waters: the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME-WQI) index and the bottled water quality index (BWQI). Both indices illustrate the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicate water quality information to the public and legislative decision-makers. Another indicator of water quality (total hardness-total dissolved solids) is used to compare these results with the two quality indices. The results obtained showed that the mineral waters EM2, EM4, EM7, spring water E-S and table water are of excellent quality. Waters EM1, EM3, EM5, and EM6 are good enough to drink. By contrast, the gaseous mineral waters (EMG and EM GL ) are considered unacceptable for sustained or substantial consumption.

International audience; The study focuses on the monitoring of physicochemical parameters and major chemical elements of six springs and wells during two seasons. Waters from the coastal karst aquifer Massif Bokkoya Al-Hoceima were analyzed for their chemical quality, and their state of anthropogenic and/or natural contamination was quantified. The waters are highly mineralized and marked by a chloride-sodium or sodium-sulfate facies mainly linked to a process of marine intrusion and dissolution of evaporitic minerals included in the on-site rocks. This mineralization of marine origin is partly due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater but also to landslides in relationship with earthquakes, that are known in the area, and which accelerate the phenomenon of saltwater intrusion. The salinity shows levels C3 and C4 in a Wilcox diagram and waters were qualified as very hard. The comparison with quality standards shows that most of the water is not suitable for consumption, especially because of high levels of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and Cl- related to marine intrusion, together with the urban pollution factor which increases the content of NO3-.

International audience; A series of imidazothiazole derivatives were synthesized via Claisen–Schmidt condensation of aldehyde 3, and different methyl ketones and their chemical structures were confirmed using 13C NMR, 1H NMR and LC–MS. In addition, the molecular structure of compound 3 was defined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized compounds were investigated by diffusion method against three pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and one pathogenic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum). Compound 3 displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (MIC ≤ 0.2 mg/ml). Concerning the antifungal activity, all the molecules show very interesting results versus F. oxysporum (IC50 ≤ 0.07 mg/ml). These results were confirmed by the molecular docking studies such as some compounds showing optimum binding energy and affinity to the active site of the receptor.

In this study, tungsten-bronze type materials of Sr2Sm(1-x)NdxTi2Nb3O15 composition (x=0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 and 1) were elaborated by classical solid-state reaction. The structural characterization demonstrate that these compounds present tetragonal symmetry, using two space groups P4bm (N°100) and P4/mbm (N°127) respectively. The lattice parameters are a=b≈12,2Ǻ; c≈3,8Ǻ; V≈579,03Ǻ and Z=2. In this compounds, Ti and Nb cations show obvious off-center displacements along the c axis in both the Ti/Nb(1)O6 and the Ti/Nb(2)O6 octahedra. Besides, the unequal Ti/Nb(2)–O bonds length in the equatorial plane of Ti/Nb(2)O6 octahedra indicates the displacement of the Ti/Nb(2) cations in the ab plane, and no displacement of the Ti/Nb(1) cations exists in the ab plane. The results show that this material has two types of octahedral, first octahedron with little deformation around the Ti1/Nb1 and the second octahedron are more distorted around the Ti2/Nb2. The measurements of permittivity and dielectric losses of the ceramic samples performed between 25°C and 700°C (100Hz to 1MHz), high dielectric constants (εr=127 ~ 194) and low dielectric losses (tan(δ) around 10-4 at 1MHz) were found. The maximum value of the dielectric constant is obtained for x=0 (εr=194). The Curie temperature Tc decreases from 332 to 246°C as a function of the substitution of the samarium by neodymium. Detailed microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and (EDS) for this compounds are also investigated., Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol 8, No 1 (2020)

International audience

In this paper, a low cost wind turbine emulator (WTE) is designed and implemented. The aim is accurately simulating the nonlinear behaviors and characteristics of a real wind turbine. It is well known that each wind turbine has its own power coefficient characteristic. This work contains an analysis of the WTE by considering the main power coefficient models known in literature. Speed sensor is one of the most important component used to provide the shaft speed information. This latter will increase greatly the system cost and volume of the control scheme. In our work, we propose cheapest solution by using a second-order sliding-mode speed observer based on super-twisting algorithm. Note that the accurate speed estimation is essential to maintain good simulation of wind turbine characteristics. The WTE closed loop operation is ensured by the fuzzy logic technique. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless WTE solution.

International audience; New investigations in the Neogene Boudinar basin (Morocco) provide new information about the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and Zanclean reflooding in the southern part of the Alboran realm (westernmost Mediterranean). Based on a new field, sedimentological and palaeontological analyses, the age and the geometry of both the Messinian erosional surface (MES) and the overlying deposits have been determined. The MES is of late Messinian age and was emplaced in subaerial settings. In the Boudinar basin, a maximum of 200 m of Miocene sediments was eroded, including late Messinian gypsum blocks. The original geometry of the MES is preserved only when it is overlain by late Messinian continental deposits, conglomeratic alluvial fans or lacustrine marly sediments. These sediments are interpreted as indicators of the sea-level fall during the MSC. Elsewhere in the basin, the contact between late Messinian and early Pliocene deposits is a low-angle dipping, smooth surface that corresponds to the early Pliocene transgression surface that subsequently re-shaped the regressive MES. The early Pliocene deposits are characterized by: (i) their onlap onto either the basement of the Rif chain or the late Miocene deposits; (ii) lagoonal deposits at the base to offshore marls and sands at the top (earliest Pliocene; 5.33–5.04 Ma interval; foraminifer zone PL1); (iii) marine recovery occurring in the 5.32–5.26 Ma interval; and (iv) the change from lagoonal to offshore environments occurring within deposits tens of metres thick. This information indicates that at least the end of the reflooding period was progressive, not catastrophic as previously thought.

During the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma, the marine connections between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea were temporarily restricted. The post-MSC reflooding of the Mediterranean Sea by the Atlantic waters and its sedimentary record are debated. The Boudinar basin (North-Morocco) provides an exceptional record of this period between ca 5.32–5.27 and 4.37 Ma at youngest (Zanclean - Zone PL1). The sedimentary succession of this basin comprises seven facies associations corresponding to depositional settings ranging from continental to open marine environments. We provide a new sequence stratigraphic framework, based on twelve stratigraphic sections. Two orders of depositional sequences (4th, 3rd order), related to base-level changes during the Late-Messinian Early-Pliocene time interval, are correlated at the basin scale. According to our reconstruction, the post-MSC base level rise and the Zanclean reflooding lasted from a minimum of several tens up to hundreds thousands years, suggesting a gradual, not catastrophic event indicative of a progressive transgression.

The Cap des Trois Fourches (Eastern Rif, northern Morocco) metamorphic basement exposes two major tectonic units, namely the Taïdant unit underthrusting the overlying Tarjât tectonic unit. The Tarjât tectonic unit is composed of metamorphic rock originating from detrital material. This upper Tarjât tectonic unit exhibits: (1) orthogneiss bodies being Paleozoic in age and (2) evidences showing a retromorphose during the Alpine orogenesis. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology from the orthogneiss bodies has yielded Sakmarian (early Permian) ages for the intrusion of their protoliths. The lower Taïdant unit is formed of green and brown shales associated with quartzite beds. A Mesozoic age is commonly accepted for this unit. The internal structure of the Tarjât tectonic unit consists in km-scale folds trending ENE-WSW with an up-dip direction towards the SE. This compressional deformational stage was superimposed on internal thrust sheets controlled by ductile shear zones with a SW-vergent transport sense. The lower Taïdant unit shows conspicuous bedding associated with a penetrative foliation outlining a monocline structure dipping gently towards the NW. The major ductile-brittle detachment fault bounding the upper Tarjât tectonic unit from the lower Taïdant unit –i.e. the local basement– exhibits evidences for a top-to-the-west sense of motion. We assume that this specific fault is the prolongation into the Cap des Trois Fourches area of the extensional detachment previously described in the Temsamane area. Therefore, this low angle detachment fault is a major tectonic element extending hundreds of km through the Eastern Rif. We postulate that this major detachment roots deep in the Eastern Rif basement. This detachment is cut at the surface by the Nekor normal-sinistral strike-slip fault that separates thin 24–32 km thick metamorphic Eastern Rif crust from the 50–55 km thick crust of the Western Rif. This transtensive fault system exhumes the Rif middle crust, represented by the Temsamane massif units, along the Nekor sinistral STEP boundary at the southern edge of the Betic-Rif subduction system., We acknowledge the financial support of research grants CGL2015-71692-P and CGL2015-67130- C2-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, Spain). This work has received funds from the FP7-Marie Curie Action IRSES-MEDYNA funded under Grant Agreement PIRSES-GA- 2013-612572. We want to thank Aitor Cambeses for his help with the geochemistry and geochronology of the orthogneisses, and Fernando Nieto for his help with the adquisition and interpretation of the XRD data.

International audience

International audience

International audience; Au Maroc, trois types d’eau embouteillée potable sont reconnues - l’eau de table (ET),d’origine quelconque, l'eau de source (ES) et l'eau minérale naturelle à propriététhérapeutique (EM). La production et la variété ont connu une augmentation dans lesdernières années pour répondre à une consommation de plus en plus accrue. On compteactuellement plusieurs marques avec différents labels, conditionnements et volumes. Lesdifférentes eaux proviennent de la zone du Rif et du Moyen Atlas rattachées à différentesconditions géologiques.Les résultats analytiques des différentes eaux montrent une qualité chimique en bonneconcordance et l’absence de contamination anthropique évolutive. Leur minéralisations’avère faible, et la plupart des EM et ES montre une dureté élevée. Une variabilité desfaciès chimiques est observée, allant de HCO3-- Ca2+ au Cl-- Ca+/Na+, elle est interprétée enfonction du contexte géologique et minéralogique local et les processus de dissolutionassociés ainsi que les apports profonds possibles par les failles.L’étude comparative de la qualité, plus précisément la charge en oligoéléments, desdifférentes marques d’eaux, permettra d’apprécier les différents types d’eau et de les classerselon leur dénominations. L’ensemble des résultats analytiques des éléments traces, obtenuspar spectroscopie ICP-MS, sont discutés selon la norme marocaine et les directives del’OMS pour évaluer l’apport nutritionnel des différentes eaux.L’ensemble des eaux contient une teneur assez importante en Si. De plus les eaux minéralesgazéifiées sont plus chargées en oligo-éléments totaux en relation avec la nature géologiquede la région d’où elles proviennent. La comparaison de l’abondance d’un oligo-élément parrapport à la concentration totale en dehors du Silicium, a montré une forte variabilité dans lacomposition des eaux fortement dépendante de la zone géographique du prélèvement deseaux.Cette constatation a été confirmée par l’étude de l’importance des oligo-éléments par rapportau total des ions dissous. Les eaux minérales gazeuses apportent plus de 24% d’oligoéléments nécessaires journaliers en dehors du Silicium. Par contre les autres eauxn’apportent pas plus de 0.5% des apports nécessaires.

International audience; La production et la variété des eaux embouteillées au Maroc ont connu une augmentationdans les dernières années pour répondre à une consommation de plus en plus accrue. Oncompte actuellement plusieurs marques avec différents labels, conditionnements et volumes.Notre travail a porté sur l’étude de la qualité, plus précisément la charge en concentration demétaux lourds toxiques (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, U, V) dans les différentes eaux. L'étude viseà déterminer le risque présentait par des concentrations importantes de quelques métauxlourds sur la santé du consommateur.Nous avons utilisé l’ICP-MS « InductivelyCoupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry» pourdéterminer la concentration de 8 paramètres dans 16 marques d'eau embouteillée. Lesrésultats montrent clairement qu'il existe des motifs légitimes de préoccupation en ce quiconcerne certains éléments traces dans quelques-unes des marques d'eau en bouteille. Nousavons vérifié la possibilité de la conformité des résultats analytiques obtenus avec les seuilsfixés par des normes nationale et internationale de l’eau potable (MN, OMS, US EPA).La concentration de l’arsenic dans deux échantillons (EMG et EMGF) dépasse les limitesadmissibles fixées par l'OMS. Les concentrations de métaux traces de la plupart des eauxsont au-deçà des niveaux recommandés. Cependant, les eaux minérales naturellementgazeuses (EMG, EMGL) présentent des teneurs plus importantes. Les risques présentés pourla santé humaine, pour les adultes et les enfants, ont été évalués par la détermination de laprise chronique quotidienne (CDI) et par le danger quotient (HQ). Le HQ de l’Arsenic dansles eaux EMG et EMGL est supérieur à l'unité admise ce qui présente donc un risquepotentiel pour la santé surtout pour les enfants. L’As est lié à des troubles de la peau et audéveloppement des cancers, en particulier le cancer du poumon.

International audience

International audience

The study focuses on the monitoring of physico-chemical parameters and major chemistry elements in water from six springs and sinks during two seasons, rainy and dry. Samples taken in the coastal karst aquifer massif Bokkoya Al-Hoceima, were analyzed for their chemical quality and to quantify their state of anthropogenic and / or natural contamination, scientific and practical interest, because local population used to supply drinking water. The waters of the internal Rif region are highly mineralized and marked by a chloride-sodium or sodium-sulfated facies to connect mainly to a process of marine intrusion and dissolution of evaporitic minerals included in the on-site rocks. This mineralization of marine origin is partly due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater but also to landslides, that are known in the area, and which accelerate the phenomenon of saltwater intrusion in the coastal karstic aquifer. The salinity of this water presente levels of salinization C3 and C4 as classified by Wilcox log and water of the Bokkoya massif were qualified as very hard. The comparison of hydrochemical results to the quality standards for drinking water set by the World Health Organization shows that the majority of the water withdrawal is not suitable for consumption, especially because of the high levels of EC, TDS and Cl- related to marine intrusion, together with the urban pollution factor which increases the content of NO-3 in waters., Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol 5, No 1 (2017)

The Neogene geodynamics evolution of the south-Alboran realm in western Mediterranean has been clarified, based on sedimentological and chronostratigraphical studies. This work focuses on three main themes of research, the first is to establish the moments for the opening and closing of the North Rifian Corridor by studying two Neogene basins of the southern edge of the Alboran sea. The second, aims to understand the behavior of these two basins face a major event in the history of the Mediterranean: The Messinian Salinity Crisis. Finally, the third theme aims to understand the modalities Post-MSC reflooding in the southern part of the Alboran realm.The late Miocene evolution of the North Rifian Corridor is clarified on the basis of chronostratigraphic studies of the Neogene Boudinar and Arbaa Taourirt basins (northeastern Morocco). The marine sediments deposited in the Boudinar basin between the early Tortonian and the late early Messinian (10 Ma to 6.1 Ma) and in the late Tortonian-earliest Messinian interval in the Arbaa Taourirt basin. Palaeoenvironmental data record a major drowning in association with extensive tectonics in the Boudinar basin during the early Messinian at ~7.2 Ma. At the same time, prograding conglomerates and sandstones developed over the late Tortonian marls in the Arbaa Taourirt basin. During the late-early Messinian, a shallowing trend occurred in the Boudinar basin. Thus, the North Rifian Corridor opened at ~7.2 Ma ensuring Atlantic-Mediterranean connections, then was progressively restricted during the late-early Messinian and totally closed at ~6.1 Ma. New sedimentological and paleontological studies of the late Messinian-early Pliocene deposits in the Boudinar basin provide new information on the Messinian Salinity Crisis (« MSC ») and the Zanclean reflooding in the Alboran sea. The Messinian erosional surface « MES » is of late Messinian age and was emplaced in subaerial settings. It is polygenic, its original geometry is locally preserved and was re-shaped by the Pliocene transgressive surface. Above the « MES », the Boudinar basin infill is characterized by a wide variety of facies from continental settings to lower offshore conditions. Two major sets are recognized: a latest Messinian-Zanclean set that constitutes a transgressive-regressive megasequence interrupted at the top by a tectonic unconformity, and an Plio-Quaternary regressive set. During the late Messinian Zanclean interval, four successive depositional models were documented. They record major changes in palaeoflow and paleogeography related to base-level fluctuations. No Gilbert-type delta has ben identified at Boudinar. the beginning of base-level rise is marked by normal regressions and by the formation of several lacs and fan-delta complexes on the margins of the basin in the late Messinian and befor the marine reefloding in the early Zanclean. The marine reflooding of the basin appears later, with a transgressive surface of ravinment and a thick package of transgressive deposits. These transgressive deposits onlap over all previous deposits. The major part of the basin infill did not issue from an inner landward position (south of the basin) but from the northwestern side of the basin, i.e. near the Mediterranean. Sediments were subsequently reworked by storms and transported by longshore-drift towards the south. a maximum flooding surface is found several tens of metres above the « MES ». This fiding is consistent with a progressive and not a catastrophic early Zanclean flooding of the westernMediterranean after the Mediterranean base-level fall.; Sur la base d’études sédimentologiques et chronostratigraphiques dans les bassins de Boudinar et d’Arbaa Taourirt (Rif oriental, Maroc), l’évolution géodynamique néogène du domaine sud-Alboran en Méditerranée occidentale a été clarifiée. Ce travail est axé sur trois grandes thématiques de recherche. La première vise à l’établissement d’un cadre chronostratigraphique pour l’ouverture et la fermeture du Couloir Nord Rifain, par l’étude de deux bassins nèogènes de la bordure sud de la mer d’Alboran. La deuxième, vise à comprendre le comportement de ces deux bassins face à un événement majeur de l’histoire de la Mediterranée : la Crise de salinité messinienne. Finalement, la troisième vise à comprendre les modalités de remise en eau de la Méditerranée après la Crise : le reenoiement pliocène. L'évolution du Couloir Nord Rifain au Miocène supérieur est clarifiée sur la base des études chronostratigraphiques des bassins néogènes de Boudinar et d'Arbaa Taourirt (Maroc Nord oriental). Les sédiments marins miocènes se sont déposés entre le Tortonien inférieur et le Messinien inférieur (10 à 6.1 Ma) dans le bassin de Boudinar et entre le Tortonien supérieur et le Messinien inférieur dans le bassin d'Arbaa Taourirt. Les données paléoenvironnementales enregistrent un ennoyage important du bassin de Boudinar en relation avec une tectonique extensive pendant le Messinien inférieur (~7.2 Ma). En même temps, des conglomérats et de grès progradants se sont développés au-dessus des marnes tortoniennes dans le bassin d’Arbaa Taourirt. Le bassin de Boudinar a subi un désapprofondissement au Messinien inférieur. Ces résultats indiquent que le Couloir Nord Rifain s’est ouvert à ~7.2 Ma assurant les communications entre l’Atlantique et la Méditerranée, puis a subi une restriction progressive pendant le Messinien inférieur avant d’être totalement fermé à ~6.1 Ma.De nouvelles études sédimentologiques et paléontologiques des dépôts Messinien supérieur-Pliocène inférieur dans le bassin de Boudinar fournissent des informations sur la Crise de salinité messinienne (« MSC ») et le réennoiement zancléen dans la Mer d'Alboran. L’un des marqueurs majeurs de la Crise est identifié : la surface d’érosion messinienne « MES ». Elle est d'âge Messinien supérieur et a été mise en place dans des conditions subaériennes. Sa géométrie originale n’est préservée que localement et a été remodelée par la surface transgressive du Pliocène inférieur. Au dessus de la « MES » le remplissage sédimentaire du bassin de Boudinar est caractérisé par une grande variété de faciès allant des conditions de dépôts continentales jusqu’à des conditions d’offshore inférieur. Deux ensembles majeurs sont reconnus : un ensemble messinien terminal-zancléen qui constitue une mégaséquence transgressive-regressive, interrompue au sommet par une discordance tectonique, et un ensemble plio-quaternaire regressif. Durant l’intervalle Messinien terminal-Zancléen, quatre modèles de dépôts successifs ont été documentés enregistrant des changements majeurs de paléocourants et de paléogéographies, liés aux fluctuations de niveau de base. Nous n’avons pas identifié de Gilbert delta à Boudinar. La remontée du niveau de base est marquée par une régression normale et par le développement des lacs et de complexes de fan-deltas sur les marges du bassin pendant le Messinien supérieur, avant l’inondation marine au Zancléen basal. Le réennoiement marin du bassin apparait plus tard avec une surface de transgression ravinante et par d’épais dépôts transgressifs, en onlap sur tous les dépôts précédents. La majeure partie du remplissage sédimentaire du bassin n’est pas reçue des reliefs de la bordure sud du bassin, mais du côté Nord-Ouset au bord de la Méditerranée. Les sédiments sont alors remaniés par les tempêtes et transportés vers le sud par la dérive littorale. Une surface d’inondation maximale a été identifiée à plusieurs dizaines de mètres au-dessus de la « MES ». Ceci suggère un ennoiement progressif et non catastrophique, après la chute du niveau de base méditerranéen.

International audience

International audience; Depuis le 20ème siècle, l'embouteillage des eaux a connu une expansion spectaculaire dans le monde. L'augmentation de la production des eaux embouteillées est associée aux développements socio-économiques des sociétés permettant l‘accès à des eaux de qualité gustative meilleure en générale que les eaux du robinet. Au Maroc, trois types d‘eau embouteillée potable sont reconnues- l‘eau de table (ET), d‘origine quelconque, l'eau de source (ES) et l'eau minérale naturelle à propriété thérapeutique (EM). Bien que leur qualité soit contrôlée, l'expansion de l'agriculture engendre un risque de contamination des aquifères par les nitrates et phosphates. Huit eaux provenant de la zone du Rif et du Moyen Atlas rattachées à différentes conditions géologiques, 6 EM, 3 ES, ont été analysées afin de vérifier leur qualité affichée, 6 ET ont aussi été analysées. Les résultats montrent une qualité chimique en bonne concordance et l‘absence de contamination anthropique évolutive. Si la minéralisation des eaux s‘est avérée faible, la plupart des EM et ES montre une dureté élevée. La variabilité des faciès chimiques observés, de HCO3--Ca2+ à Cl—Ca2+/Na+, est interprétée en fonction du contexte géologique et minéralogique local et les processus de dissolution associés ainsi que les apports profonds possibles par les failles.

International audience; Le bassin versant du Nekor, localisé dans le Nord-Est du Maroc et dans la partie orientale des montagnes du Rif, s‘ouvre sur la mer Méditerranée par une large plaine alluviale. Cette zone d‘étude présente une géomorphologie complexe à terrains très accidentés, une diversité des formations lithologiques avec une prédominance des formations schisteuses à assises friables. En effet, ce bassin versant fait l‘objet d‘une forte dégradation moyenne annuelle, l‘une des plus élevées au monde. Le bassin du Nekor est caractérisé par des phénomènes d‘érosion importants sous forme de masse ou de ravins.Le climat de la région est de type méditerranéen semi-aride à aride avec le passage de grandes perturbations associées à des précipitations souvent intenses en hiver. Nous sous sommes basés sur cette situation complexe pour caractériser des eaux des puits et des sources d‘eaux situés au niveau de ce bassin, et qui sont utilisés par la population locale pour s‘approvisionner en eau potable sans traitement. L‘approche analytique a permis l‘identification et l‘évolution des principales caractéristiques physico-chimique. Les résultats ont montré une forte minéralisation des eaux, traduite par une conductivité électrique qui dépasse 2000 μs/cm. Les concentrations des sulfates, des chlorures et du sodium sont très importantes, surtout en aval de bassin, provoquant une élévation de la salinité des eaux. La concentration en phosphates et nitrates est relativement importante dans les eaux, conséquence d‘une activité agricole importante. Les teneurs des différents métaux étudiés sont relativement faibles par rapport aux normes de la qualité des eaux potables.

International audience; An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of novel structurally diverse β-amino dicarbonyl compounds is described by exploring the aza-Michael addition reaction in an aqueous medium as a key step. Thereby, 2-(aryl-disubstituted-amino-1-yl-methyl)-malonic acid diethyl esters were achieved in a good to excellent yields. These products were easily isolated with enough purity just by using simple recrystallization. The crystals of the compounds (17) and (24) have been obtained and studied by X-ray crystallographic analyses.

International audience; A novel heterobimetallic Cu(II)-Sn(IV) complex 1 bearing bioactive 1,10-phenanthroline pharmacophore ligand scaffold was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, Mass (ESI and FAB) and X-ray crystallography. The in vitro DNA binding studies of complex 1 with CT DNA was carried out by various biophysical and molecular docking techniques which revealed that complex 1 binds to DNA through intercalation in the minor groove having AT-rich sequences. Complex 1 exhibits high chemical nuclease activity cleaving supercoiled pBR322 DNA via hydrolytic pathway which was further evidenced by T4 DNA ligase assay. The complex 1 shows high inhibitory activity against Topo I at a very low concentration (15 μM), suggesting that complex 1 is an efficient catalytic inhibitor of human Topo I and further validated by molecular docking studies.

The titled new functionalized ligand 2-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl-methyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester (4) is prepared in good yield through condensation of pyrazole and 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole, respectively, with 2-arylidene-malonic acid diethyl esters (3). The structures of (4) is determined by spectral (IR, 1H NMR), elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction data. The structure of (4) was solved in triclinic, space group P-1, with a = 5.6858(2), b = 10.0716(4), c = 16.2885(7) A, α = 94.338(3, β = 91.453(4), γ = 97.750(3)°, V = 921.00(6) A3, Z = 2. [Structures of two β-amino dicarbonyl compounds: 2-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl-methyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester and 2-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester I. Meskini, L. Toupet, M. Daoudi, A. Kerbal, T Ben Hadda The structure of (4) is determined by spectral (IR, 1H NMR), elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction data. It is similar to compound (5). ]

International audience; Le Rwanda est l’un des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne dont l’économie augmente considérablement. Régulièrement apprécié par la communauté internationale pour sa bonne gouvernance et ses progrès économiques, le Rwanda est devenu l’un des interlocuteurs les plus solides du continent. Des investissements privés substantiels ont été réalisés dans le développement de nouvelles industries telles que l’embouteillage des eaux. Dans les villes où vivent les personnes les plus aisées, la majorité de la population préfère consommer de l’eau embouteillée etla croissance fulgurante du marché de l’eau embouteillée au Rwanda s’affirme jour après jour. On trouve sur le marché national des eaux de table, des eaux minérales et des eaux de sources dont certaines sont produites au Rwanda alors que d’autres proviennent de l’Afrique de l’Est (Ouganda, Tanzanie, Kenya et République démocratique du Congo). La plupart des habitants de l’Afrique de l’Est vivent de l’agriculture et de l’élevage et utilisent des intrants agricoles. Les sources en eau sont donc exposées à la contamination par infiltrationmais fort heureusement,la qualité de ces eaux embouteillées est continuellement contrôlée. Quinze échantillons dont 4 eaux de table, 8 eaux minérales et 5 eaux de sources, toutes commercialisées au Rwanda ont été analysés au laboratoire de qualité de l’eau de l’INES Ruhengeri. Pour les eaux de table, ce sont les conditions d’embouteillage et d’hygiène qui déterminent leur qualité. Les eaux minérales et de sources du Rwanda sont généralement bicarbonatées ou chlorurées calco-sodiques, celles du Kenya sont majoritairement bicarbonatées sodiques, celles de l’Ouganda présentant des faciès variant du sulfatée-bicarbonatée calco-sodique au chlorurée-sulfatée sodique. L’unique eau minérale provenant de la République Démocratique du Congo est bicarbonatée-sulfatée calco-sodique. Pour certains échantillons, les résultats sont en accord avec la géologie de la région alors que pour d’autres la géologie apparente ne reflète pas le chimisme de ces eaux, des hypothèses sont formulées pour expliquer cette contradiction. Pour tous les échantillons à l'exception d'une eau minérale du Kenya, on note une faible minéralisation et une faible dureté. Toutes les valeurs obtenues sont dans les normes de RSB (Rwanda Standards Board) relatives à la potabilité de l’eau de boisson.

International audience; Dans les Hauts Plateaux méridionaux (Maroc oriental), des études stratigraphiques, paléontologiques et sédimentologiques ont été réalisées dans la série détritique rouge (grès et conglomérats de la Formation du Tigri) qui succède aux dépôts marins du Cénomano-Turonien. La partie inférieure de la Formation du Tigri comporte cinq incursions marines ou laguno-marines avec des faunes oligospécifiques de petits foraminifères benthiques et d'ostracodes marins. La partie supérieure continentale de la formation a livré deux gisements de microfossiles : i) le premier contient des ostracodes dulçaquicoles à oligohalins, des charophytes (Mesochara sp.), un fragment de coquille d'oeuf de dinosaurien (Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi), mais également un niveau riche en radioles d'oursins marquant une ultime incursion marine crétacée ; ii) le second renferme uniquement des charophytes (Mesochara ameghinoi et Stephanochara sp.). D'importantes déformations synsédimentaires enregistrées dans la partie inférieure de la série témoignent de l'instabilité régionale associée à la création des premiers bassins sénoniens dans un contexte de tectonique extensive. La synthèse des données obtenues, confrontée à celles connues dans d'autres régions du Maroc, permet de préciser le contexte paléogéographique en montrant que les influences de l'Atlantique, même ténues, se sont manifestées fréquemment sur les Hauts Plateaux méridionaux au cours du Sénonien.

International audience; This paper demonstrate the fiability and the efficiency of a proposed control law based on a combination of a sliding mode current controllers and a single input fuzzy logic controller, used to command a static synchronous compensator in order to improve voltage profile and stability of an asynchronous wind turbine despite wind speed and load variation. All simulation results as well as the modeling of the wind power system and the design of the proper controllers are described in detail in this document. NOMENCLATURE Air density. R Blades length. V Wind Speed. () Aerodynamic performance of the turbine. Ω Turbine shaft speed. Transmitted torque to the shaft of the IG Aerodynamic torque. M Multiplier ratio. Mechanical speed of the IG shaft Induction generator shaft angular velocity. , Stator terminal voltages in dq reference. , Stator phase current in dq reference. , Rotor phase current in dq reference. , Rotor flux in dq reference. , Stator flux in dq reference. , Per phase rotor and stator resistances. Magnetizing reactance. , Stator and rotor leakage reactances. Synchronous angular velocity. , STATCOM voltage in dq reference. , STATCOM current in dq reference.

Numerous original alkaloids are present in tubers of Arisarum vulgare Targ. a species belonging to the Araceae family known in Morocco for its toxicity. Some previous works deal with the activity of these natural compounds as R-irniine. As the enantioselective total synthesis of irniine has been realised, the R- and S-forms were obtained and this last one could be tested. Thus, a study of the cytotoxicity and the electrophysiological activity of S-irniine was carried out on human MRC-5 fibroblasts. A cytotoxic effect of S-irniine at 40 microg/mL was detected on MRC-5 fibroblasts. An electrophysiological study was also carried out on the MRC-5 cells by using the patch-clamp technique and no effect of this compound at this concentration on the outward potassium current of MRC-5 fibroblasts was observed. Thus, this study showed, as it was for R-irniine, that the cytotoxicity of S-irniine was not explained by an effect on the potassium currents.

International audience; An exciting isatin-thiazoline hybrid molecule 2 having -C=N-N=C- linkage has been synthesized in 88% yield by the reaction of 5-fluoroisatin with N-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide followed by condensation of the resultant isatin-thiosemicarbazone intermediate with p-chlorophenacyl bromide. The solid state self-assembly of this hybrid molecule was studied by X-ray crystallographic technique. A layered assembly composed of 1D-chains with methanol molecules encapsulated between every two chains is obtained, making a bi-chain sandwich like structure. The supramolecular forces involved in the stabilization of this structure are importantly fluorine-mediated interactions (C-H···F, F···S and F···π) along with others i.e. N-H···O, O-H···O, C-H···O, Cl···π, C-H···π and π···π interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of solid state fluorine-mediated C-H···F, F···S and F···π interactions found in a family of isatin-based compounds

International audience; Urtica dioica L. or Nettle (Urticaceae) is widely used in oriental Morocco to treat hypertension. Aqueous extract of Nettle (AEN) also exerts a hypotensive action in the rat in vivo. The aim of this work was to characterize the specific cardiac and vascular effects of AEN. In the isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart, AEN (1 and 2 g/l) markedly decreased heart rate and increased left ventricular pressure. Higher concentration (5 g/l) even led to cardiac arrest. Although carbachol mimicked the bradycardiac effect of AEN, atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist, 1 • M) did not modify the response. Beside its action on myocardium, AEN also affected vascular contractility. Indeed, AEN (0.1-5 g/l) produced a dose-dependent increase in basal tone of isolated rat aorta. This effect was endothelium independent and was abolished by 1 • M prazosin (an • 1-adrenergic antagonist). AEN had little additional effects when the aorta was precontracted by noradrenaline (1 • M) or KCl (40 mM). Our data indicate that AEN produces a vasoconstriction of the aorta which is due to activation of • 1-adrenergic receptors. However, AEN also induces a strong bradycardia through non-cholinergic and non-adrenergic pathways which might compensate for its vascular effect and account for the hypotensive action of Urtica dioica L described in vivo.

International audience; Located on the margin of the west Alboran basin, the Gibraltar Arc (Betic-Rif mountain belt) displays post-Pliocene vertical movements evidenced by uplifted marine sedimentary basins and marine terraces. Quantification of vertical movements is an important clue to understand the origin of present-day relief generation in the Betic-Rif mountain chain together with the causes of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. In this paper, we present the results of a pluridisciplinary study combining an analysis of low temperature thermochronology and Pliocene basins evolution to constrain the exhumation history and surface uplift of internals units of the Rif belt (Northern Morocco). The mean (U-Th)/He apatite ages obtained from 11 samples are comprised between 14.1 and 17.8 Ma and display a wide dispersion, which could be explained by a great variability of apatite chemistries in the analyzed samples. No correlations between altitude and age have been found along altitudinal profile suggesting a rapid exhumation during this period. Thermal modeling using our (U-Th)/He apatite ages and geochronological data previously obtained in the same area (40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar data on biotite, zircon and apatite fission track) allow us to propose a cooling history. The rocks suffered a rapid cooling at 60-100 °C/Ma between 22.5 and 19 Ma, then cooled to temperatures around 40 °C between 19 and 18 Ma. They were re-heated at around 110 °C between 18 and 15 Ma then rapidly cooled and exhumed to reach the surface temperature at around 13 Ma. The re-heating could be related to a renewal in thrusting and burying of the inner zones. Between 15 and 13 Ma the cooling resumed at a rate of 50 °C/Ma indicating an exhumation rate of 0.8 mm/y considering an average 40 °C/km geothermal gradient. This exhumation may be linked to the extension in the Alboran Sea. Otherwise biostratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of Pliocene basins of the internal Rif provided informations on the more recent events and vertical movements. Pliocene deposits of the Rifian coast represent the passive infilling of palaeo-rias between 5.33 and 3.8 Ma. The whole coastal area was uplifted at slow average rates (0.01-0.03 mm/y) in relation with a northeastward tilting of 0.2-0.3° since the Lower-Pliocene. A late Pliocene to present extensional tectonics associated to uplift has been identified all along the coastal ranges of the Internal Zone of the Rif chain. This extension was coeval with the major late Pliocene to Pleistocene extensional episode of the Alboran Sea and appears to be still active nowadays. No significant late Messinian uplift was evidenced, thus calling into question the geodynamic models relating the closure of the marine gateways and the MSC to slab roll back.

The actor model is present in several mission-critical systems, such as those supporting WhatsApp and Facebook Chat. These systems serve thousands of clients simultaneously, therefore demanding substantial computing resources usually provided by multi-processor and multi-core platforms. Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architectures account for an important share of these platforms. Yet, research on the the suitability of the current actor runtime environments for these machines is very limited. Current runtime environments, in general, assume a flat memory space, thus not performing as well as they could. In this thesis we study the challenges hierarchical shared memory multi-core platforms present to actor runtime environments. In particular, we investigate aspects related to memory management, scheduling, and load-balancing.In this document, we analyze and characterize actor based applications to, in light of the above, propose improvements to actor runtime environments. This analysis highlighted the existence of peculiar communication structures. We argue that the comprehension of these structures and the knowledge about the underlying hardware architecture can be used in tandem to improve application performance. As a proof of concept, we implemented our proposal using a real actor runtime environment, the Erlang Virtual Machine (VM). Concurrency in Erlang is based on the actor model and the language has a consistent syntax for actor handling. Our modifications to the Erlang VM significantly improved the performance of some applications thanks to better informed decisions on scheduling and on load-balancing. As future work we envision the integration of our approach into other actor runtime environments such as Kilim and Akka.; Le modèle de programmation à base d'acteurs a été intensivement utilisé pour le développement de grandes applications et systèmes. On citera par exemple la fonction chat de Facebook ou bien encore WhatsApp. Ces systèmes peuvent avoir plusieurs milliers d'utilisateurs connectés simultanément avec des contraintes fortes de performance et d'interactivité. Ces systèmes s"appuient sur des infrastructures informatiques basées sur des processeurs multi-cœurs. Ces infrastructures disposent en général d'un espace mémoire partagé et hiérarchique NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access). Notre analyse de l'état de l'art montre que peu d'études ont été menées sur l'adéquation des environnements d'exécution à base d'acteurs avec des plates-formes à mémoire hiérarchique. Ces environnements d'exécution font en général l'hypothèse que l'espace de mémoire est complètement plat, ce qui pose ensuite de sérieux problèmes de performance. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les défis posés par les plates-formes multi-cœurs à mémoire hiérarchiques pour des environnements à base d'acteurs. Nous étudions plus particulièrement les problèmes de gestion mémoire, d'ordonnancement et d'équilibrage de charge.Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons analysé et caractérisé les applications basées sur le modèle d'acteurs. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les exécutions des applications et benchmarks faisaient ressortir des structures de communication particulières que les environnements d'exécution se doivent de prendre en compte pour optimiser les performances. La prise en compte du graphe de communication et la mise en œuvre ont été effectuées dans un environnement d'exécution réel, la machine virtuelle (VM) du langage de programmation Erlang. Le langage de programmation Erlang s'appuie sur le modèle d'acteurs avec une syntaxe claire et cohérente pour la gestion des acteurs. Les modifications que nous avons intégrées à la machine virtuelle Erlang permettent d'améliorer significativement les performances grâce à une meilleure prise en compte de l'affinité entre des acteurs qui interagissent beaucoup. L'ordonnancement et la régulation de charge de l'application sont également améliorées grâce à une meilleure connaissance de l'application et de la topologie de la plate-forme. Une des perspectives serait d'intégrer ces contributions à d'autres environnements d'exécution à base d'acteurs, comme par exemple ceux des Kilim et Akka.

In this paper, we describe the construction of a suitable normalized B-spline representation for bivariate C^1 cubic super splines defined on triangulations with a Powell-Sabin refinement. The basis functions have local supports, they form a convex partition of unity, and every spline is locally controllable by means of control triangles. As application, discrete and differential quasi-interpolants of optimal approximation order are developed and numerical tests for illustrating theoretical results are presented.

International audience; The Beni Bousera peridotite massif and its metamorphic surrounding rocks have been analyzed by the fission track (FT) method. The aim was to determine the cooling and uplift history of these mantle and associated crustal rocks after the last major metamorphic event that dates back to the Lower Miocene–Upper Oligocene time (∼22–24 Ma). The zircon FT analyses give an average cooling—i.e., below 320 °C—age of ∼19.5 Ma. In addition, the apatite FT data give an average cooling—i.e., below 110 °C—age of ∼15.5 Ma. Taking into account the thermal properties of the different thermochronological systems used in this work, we have estimated a rate of cooling close to 50 °C/Ma. This cooling rate constrains a denudation rate of about ∼2 mm year−1 from 20 to 15 Ma. These results are similar to those determined in the Ronda peridotite massif of the Betic Cordilleras documenting that some ultrabasic massifs of the internal zones of the two segments of the Gibraltar Arc have a similar evolution. However, Burdigalian sediments occur along the Betic segment (Alozaina area, western Betic segment) unconformably overlying peridotite. At this site, ultramafic rock was exposed to weathering at ages ranging from 20.43 to 15.97 Ma. Since the Beni Bousera peridotite was still at depth until 15.5 Ma, we infer that no simple age projection from massif to massif is possible along the Gibraltar Arc. Moreover, the confined fission track lengths data reveal that a light warming (∼100 °C) has reheated the massif during the Late Miocene before the Pliocene–Quaternary tectonic uplift.

A simple photonic device consisting of two dangling side resonators grafted at two sites on a waveguide is designed in order to obtain sharp resonant states inside the transmission gaps without introducing any defects in the structure. This results from an internal resonance of the structure when such a resonance is situated in the vicinity of a zero of transmission or placed between two zeros of transmission, the so-called Fano resonances. A general analytical expression for the transmission coefficient is given for various systems of this kind. The amplitude of the transmission is obtained following the Fano form. The full width at half maximum of the resonances as well as the asymmetric Fano parameter are discussed explicitly as function of the geometrical parameters of the system. In addition to the usual asymmetric Fano resonance, we show that this system may exhibit an electromagnetic induced transparency resonance as well as well as a particular case where such resonances collapse in the transmission coefficient. Also, we give a comparison between the phase of the determinant of the scattering matrix, the so-called Friedel phase, and the phase of the transmission amplitude. The analytical results are obtained by means of the Green's function method, whereas the experiments are carried out using coaxial cables in the radio-frequency regime. These results should have important consequences for designing integrated devices such as narrow-frequency optical or microwave filters and high-speed switches. This system is proposed as a simpler alternative to coupled-micoresonators.

Also available online at http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJFGCN/vol5_no4/3.pdf; International audience; Recent investigations illustrate that view-based methods, with pose normalization pre-processing get better performances in retrieving rigid models than other approaches and still the most popular and practical methods in the field of 3D shape retrieval. In this paper we present an improvement of 3D shape retrieval methods based on bag-of features approach. These methods use this approach to integrate a set of features extracted from 2D views of the 3D objects using the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm into histograms using vector quantization which is based on a global visual codebook. In order to improve the retrieval performances, we propose to associate to each 3D object its local visual codebook instead of a unique global codebook. The experimental results obtained on the Princeton Shape Benchmark database, for the BF-SIFT method proposed by Ohbuchi, et al., and CM-BOF proposed by Zhouhui, et al., show that the proposed approach performs better than the original approach.

International audience; Recent investigations illustrate that view-based methods, with pose normalization pre-processing get better performances in retrieving rigid models than other approaches and still the most popular and practical methods in the field of 3D shape retrieval. In this paper we present an improvement of 3D shape retrieval methods based on bag-of features approach. These methods use this approach to integrate a set of features extracted from 2D views of the 3D objects using the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm into histograms using vector quantization which is based on a global visual codebook. In order to improve the retrieval performances, we propose to associate to each 3D object its local visual codebook instead of a unique global codebook. The experimental results obtained on the Princeton Shape Benchmark database, for the BF-SIFT method proposed by Ohbuchi et al. and CM-BOF proposed by Zhouhui et al., show that the proposed approach performs better than the original approach.

ISBN: 978-3-642-31253-3; International audience; Real-time implementations of corner detection is crucial as it is a key ingredient for other image processing kernels like pattern recognition and motion detection. Indeed, motion detection requires the analysis of a continuous flow of images, thus a real-time processing implies the use of highly optimized subroutines. We consider a tiled implementation of the Harris corner detection algorithm on the CELL processor. The algorithm is a chain of local operators applied to each pixel and its periphery. Such a special memory access pattern clearly exacerbates on the hierarchy transition penalty. In order to reduce the consequent time overhead, tiling is a commonly considered way. When it comes to image processing filters, incoming tiles are overdimensioned to include their neighborhood, necessary to update border pixels. As the volume of "extra data" depends on the tile shape, we need to find a good tiling strategy. On the CELL, such investigation is not directly possible with native DMA routines. We overcome the problem by enhancing the DMA mechanism to operate with non conventional requests. Based on this extension, we proceed with experiments on the CELL with a wide range of tile sizes and shapes, thus trying to confirm our intuition on the optimal configuration.

ISBN : 978-3-642-31253-3; International audience; Recent investigations illustrate that view-based methods, with pose normalization pre-processing get better performances in retrieving rigid models than other approaches and still the most popular and practical methods in the field of 3D shape retrieval [9,10,11,12]. In this paper we present an improvement of the BF-SIFT method proposed by Ohbuchi et al [1]. This method is based on bag-of-features to integrate a set of features extracted from 2D views of the 3D objects using the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform [2]) algorithm into a histogram using vector quantization which is based on a global visual codebook. In order to improve the retrieval performances, we propose to associate to each 3D object its local visual codebook instead of a unique global codebook. The experimental results obtained on the Princeton Shape Benchmark database [3] show that the proposed method performs better than the original method.

The synthesis of aromatic telechelic mono dispersed diols produced from the radical-initiated addition reaction of a twofold excess of 2-mercaptoethanol onto original α,ω nonconjugated dienes reaction is presented. These novel α,ω nonconjugated dienes were prepared by addition reaction of m-isopropyl α,α′dimethyl benzylisocyanate with mono dispersed telechelic diols obtained by fractionation of oligo(ethylene terephthalate)s. In these cases, the long chain α,ω diols were produced selectively and quantitatively. The products are soluble in most organic solvents in contrast to classical oligo (ethylene terephthlate)s and posses a lower glass transition and melting temperatures. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental resource: Figures S1-S3.

International audience; The title compound (3), C17H14BrN3O4S, is a Schiff base compound of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (1) and sulfamethoxazole (2). The structure of (3) was determined by spectral (IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR), elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction data. Compound (3) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 31.936(3), b = 6.2571(5), c = 16.903(1) angstrom, beta = 94.867(8), V = 3365.5(5) angstrom(3), Z = 8. In the molecule of compound (3), the molecule is bent at the S atom with a C-SO2-NH-C torsion angle of -86.3(3)degrees. Pairs of molecules, related by inversion centres, form intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds to produce a dimer. An intramolecular phenolic O-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bond is also formed. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking hold the molecules together. The average distance between stacked benzene ring planes is 3.625(2) angstrom.

β-Amino dicarbonyl compounds comprise a class of useful ligands on the coordination chemistry. In view of their importance, an efficient and facile method for the synthesis of β-amino dicarbonyl compounds has been developed, exploring the aza-Michael addition reactions in an aqueous medium. It was possible to achieve good to excellent yields, along with regioselectivity, the substituted diethyl 2-(phenylmethyl)malonates that were easily isolated without any chromatographic purification. The correct configuration of two of these β-amino dicarbonyl compounds were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A complementary mechanism of this aza-Michael protocol is proposed to explain the results obtained. Compostos β-amino-dicarbonilados constituem uma classe de ligantes promissores para a química de coordenação. Diante desta perspectiva, um método eficiente e fácil visando à síntese de compostos β-amino-dicarbonilados foi desenvolvido, explorando a reação de adição do tipo azo-Michael em meio aquoso. Com isso, uma série de dez dietil 2-(feniletil)malonatos dissubstituídos foram obtidos de uma maneira regiosseletiva e facilmente purificados, levando à rendimentos satisfatórios. As análises cristalográficas de dois destes compostos forneceram as informações apropriadas sobre a conformação e configuração dos mesmos. Por último, uma proposta complementar do mecanismo reacional para as reações de adição de Michael em meio aquoso foi também descrito.

International audience; A 400 m thick clastic succession of Late Ordovician through Silurian age crops out in the Tazzeka Massif, eastern Morocco. Biostratigraphic data (chitinozoa, acritarchs) constrain these rocks to the Late Katian through Hirnantian (coeval with glaciation in Gondwana), with a ~ 8 Myr hiatus at the Ordovician–Silurian boundary. Sedimentological analysis reveals six facies associations, including interbedded black and grey shale couplets (poorly oxygenated shelf sediments), a bioturbated shale with wave rippled sandstone (inner shelf deposits), several occurrences of diamictite (of probable glaciogenic origin), interbedded sandstone and mudstone (storm and fair-weather wave agitated shoreface), rippled sandstone (storm return flow deposits) and amalgamated sandstone deposits (delta-front debris flows). Direct evidence for glaciation in the Hirnantian deposits is poor. Third order sequence stratigraphic analysis reveals two transgressive systems tracts (Late Katian and intra-Hirnantian), two highstand systems tracts (both intra-Hirnantian), lowstand wedges probably corresponding to two principal glacial lowstands, two maximum flooding surfaces (Late Katian and intra-Hirnantian), and a major ravinement surface (Hirnantian–Silurian contact). Remote from the centre of glaciation, the Tazzeka succession is suggested to be an excellent reference section with which to understand glacially-moderated sea-level changes in the Late Ordovician. Silurian (Late Llandovery or younger) shale geochemistry indicates organic enrichment (TOC > 4.5%). This organic enrichment greatly increases the known extent of the upper of two Silurian organic shales across North Africa (potential hydrocarbon source rocks) across the region.

International audience; The Ladinian-Carnian tectonic instability is well recorded within the Carbonate Formation of the Oujda Mountains (Eastern Meseta, Morocco). It was induced by a bidirectional extensional palaeo-state of stress (ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE) resulting in the development of the Oujda Mountains Triassic basins that open towards the Western Tethyan domain. This extensional event correlates with an early episode of Tethyan rifting, which is coeval with the Ladinian-Carnian extensional episode of the Alpine domain. The structural development of these basins was controlled by an extensional reactivation of Hercynian faults, with N70°E and N160°E fault trends predominating over the N35°E and N120°E ones. Therefore, the Ladinian-Carnian palaeo-state of stress of the Oujda Mountains is fundamentally different from that of the Triassic-Liassic basins to the west, in Central Morocco and the Atlas belts, where the N45°E-trending sinistral fault trend predominates over the N70°E and N90°E fault trends.

We give in this paper a convergence result concerning parallel synchronous algorithm for nonlinear fixed point problems with respect to the Euclidian norm inℝn. We then apply this result to some problems related to convex analysis like minimization of functionals, calculus of saddle point, and convex programming.

An abstract has been presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications (PMAA04), CIRM, Marseille, France, October 2004.; Parallel synchronous iterative algorithms are often penalized by global synchro- nization, due to the cost of stopping tests that are achieved. It is well known that such global synchronizations are expensive for parallel implementations on distrib- uted systems, especially on clusters of processors or computational grids, where the heterogeneity and the number of processors imply a large overhead for this global operation. The aim of this work is to propose a new control technique for the stopping tests, original to the best of our knowledge, which enables to reduce the number of global synchronization near to the optimum, while keeping the number of iterations close to the number performed by standard synchronous algorithm. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that the semantic of the sequential al- gorithm is not modified, so that convergence is preserved and identical outputs are guaranteed. Our method is based on an amortized technique inspired by Floyd's and Brent's algorithms to detect periodicity in a sequence.

International audience; Les nitrates sont des sels très solubles qui sont facilement entrainés en profondeur par leseaux d’infiltrations. Elles se retrouvent dans l’environnement de façon naturelle, mais denombreuses activités humaines peuvent augmenter leur concentration dans le sol et l’eau.L’utilisation non rationnelle des engrais dans l’agriculture est présentée comme la source laplus importante de nitrates dans les eaux souterrainesL'impact des nitrates sur la santé humaine à court, moyen et long terme est considéré commegrave. Les nourrissons et les femmes enceintes sont les populations les plus sensibles aurisque de formation de méthémoglobine ou maladie bleue du nourrisson (forme souslaquelle l'hémoglobine ne peut capter l'oxygène du sang). Des risques potentiels decancérogénicité et de tératogénicité seraient aussi associés à l'ingestion de nitrates.L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer l’état de la qualité des eaux souterraines du massifde Bokkoya, en se basant essentiellement sur l’étude des concentrations des nitrates commeindicateur de la pollution anthropique, et d’aider les décideurs à mieux se prononcer sur lagestion des ressources en eaux en vue d’un meilleur développement durable dans la régiond’Al-Hoceima. Plusieurs des ses sources d’eau sont utilisées par la population locale pours’alimenter en eau potable.La compagne de prélèvement et d’analyses de 61 échantillons effectuée au cours du moisd’Avril 2016, sur les eaux souterraines du massif de Bokkoya indique que la minéralisationen nitrates est comprise entre 9,95 et 206,51mg/l, dans laquelle 41% de ces eaux dépassentla valeur guide de la norme marocaine qui est d’ordre de 50 mg/l.L’existence des fosses septiques et les fuites dans les canaux drainants les eaux usées vers laSTEP de la région peuvent être les causes des teneurs élevées de nitrates que nous avonsenregistrées dans les eaux souterraines du massif de Bokkoya.

International audience

International audience; The aim of this paper is to discuss and demonstrate how a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used with a Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (SIFLC) to improve voltage profile and stability of an asynchronous wind turbine. In the literature, it is well known that reactive power management is the greatest challenge in wind turbine based on a three-phase Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). Any variation of wind speed or load causes a variation on the needed reactive power and thus a voltage fluctuation. Flexible AC transmission (FACT) device such as STATCOM become then a necessity to prevent voltage instability and hence voltage collapse at the point of common coupling (PCC). The performance of the proposed compensator can be significantly improved when combined with a SIFLC. The present document traits so the modeling of the power system, the simulation results, the control scheme and the design of the proper SIFLC.