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1. Impact of Inflammation on Midazolam Metabolism in Severe COVID‐19 Patients

Author: Edouard Charles Le Carpentier, Emmanuel Canet, Damien Masson, Maëlle Martin, Guillaume Deslandes, Aurélie Gaultier, Éric Dailly, Ronan Bellouard, Matthieu Gregoire, NantesU M, Dépôt, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Médecine Intensive [CHU Nantes], Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Service d'Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Nantes], Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Université - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), The Enteric Nervous System in gut and brain disorders [U1235] (TENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Pharmacology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Midazolam, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Isoenzymes, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], C-Reactive Protein, Metabolism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sedation, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Glomerular filtration, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Humans, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pharmacology (medical), Acute respiratory distress syndrome - ARDS, Coronavirus 2019 COVID-19
Abstract: International audience; Midazolam is a benzodiazepine frequently used for sedation in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This drug is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes. Several studies have suggested that inflammation, frequently observed in these patients, could modulate CYP3A activity. The objective of this work was to study the impact of inflammation on midazolam pharmacokinetics in patients with COVID-19. Forty-eight patients hospitalized in the ICU for COVID-19 and treated with midazolam administered by continuous infusion were included in this study. Midazolam and α-hydroxymidazolam concentrations were measured and patient data, including the use of CYP3A inhibitors, were collected. Total and unbound concentrations of midazolam and α-hydroxymidazolam were measured in plasma using a validated liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method. Inflammatory condition was evaluated by C-reactive protein (CRP) level measurement. Both drug concentrations and CRP measurements were performed on 354 plasma samples. CRP elevation was significantly associated with the α-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam plasma ratio decrease, whether for the unbound fraction or for the total fraction. Conversely, inflammation was not associated with protein binding modifications. Logically, α-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam plasma ratio was significantly reduced when patients were treated with CYP3A inhibitors. In this study, we showed that inflammation probably reduces the metabolism of midazolam by CYP3A. These results suggest that molecules with narrow therapeutic margins and metabolized by CYP3A should be administrated with care in case of massive inflammatory situations.
Published: 2022

2. Leveraging national claim and hospital big data integration: a cohort study on a statin-drug interaction use case

Author: Bannay, Aurélie, Bories, Mathilde, Le Corre, Pascal, Riou, Christine, Lemordant, Pierre, Van Hille, Pascal, Chazard, Emmanuel, Dode, Xavier, Cuggia, Marc, Bouzillé, Guillaume, Service d'Evaluation et Information Médicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Data Science, Knowledge, Reasoning and Engineering (K Team), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), K team (Data Science, Knowledge, Reasoning and Engineering), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Jonchère, Laurent, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], data warehousing, drug interactions, health care, statins, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, big data, administrative claims, [INFO.INFO-DB] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, data linking, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

3. Comment on ’Comparison of losartan and amlodipine effects on the outcomes of patient with COVID-19 and primary hypertension: A randomised clinical trial’

Author: Mojtaba Varshochi, Akbar Sharifi, Mehdi Maleki, Azam Esmailnajad, Armin Sadeghi, Ali Taghizadieh, Khalil Ansarin, Parviz Saleh, Ramin Zand, Masoud Ahangari Maleki, Zahra Soroureddin, Niusha Kalami, Haleh Rezaee, Mehdi Haghdoost, Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Losartan, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Amlodipine, Antihypertensive Agents, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Original Paper, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Mortality rate, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Original Papers, 3. Good health, Icu admission, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Blood pressure, Hypertension, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Controversy exists regarding the drug selection in hypertension (HTN) management in patients with COVID‐19. This study aimed to compare the effects of losartan and amlodipine in patients with primary HTN and COVID‐19. Methods In this randomised clinical trial, hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 and primary HTN were enrolled in the study. One arm received losartan, 25 mg, twice a day and the other arm received amlodipine, 5 mg per day for 2 weeks. The main outcomes were compare 30‐day mortality rate and length of hospital stay. Results The mean age of patients treated with losartan (N = 41) and amlodipine (N = 39) was 67.3 ± 14.8 and 60.1 ± 17.3 years, respectively (P value = .068). The length of hospital stay in losartan and amlodipine groups was 4.57 ± 2.59 and 7.30 ± 8.70 days, respectively (P value = .085). Also, the length of ICU admission in losartan and amlodipine group was 7.13 ± 5.99 and 7.15 ± 9.95 days, respectively (P value = .994). The 30‐day mortality was two and five patients in losartan and amlodipine groups, respectively (P value = .241). Conclusions There was no priority in losartan or amlodipine administration in COVID‐19 patients with primary HTN in decreasing mortality rate, hospital and ICU length stay. Further studies need to clarify the first‐line anti‐HTN medications in COVID‐19.
Published: 2021

4. Anti-Angiogenic and Cytotoxicity Effects of Selachyl Alcohol Analogues Unnatural-Alkylglycerols beneficial effects

Author: Pemha, René, Bot, Damien Le, Mosset, Paul, Legrand, Alain Bernard, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UMR6226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS
Subjects: Cytotoxicity, MTT-test, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Endothelial cell migration, Angiogenesis, Alkylglycerols, anticancer, Platelet-Activating Factor
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: The active ingredients in the shark liver oil (SLO) mixture were found to be a group of ether-linked glycerol known as alkylglycerols (AKGs). During the last century, initial clinical use of the SLO mixture was for treating leukemias, and later preventing radiation sickness from cancer x-ray therapy. Selachyl alcohol is one of the most abondant AKG in the SLO mixture and it displayed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number on a model of grafted tumor in mice (Lewis lung carcinoma cells). OBJECTIVES: In this study, selachyl alcohol analogue containing methoxyl (7), gem-difluorinated (8), azide (9) and hydroxyl (10) group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain were synthesized and compared regarding their cytotoxicity and anti-migratory effects on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line. METHODS: AKGs 7-10 were synthesized according to the literature procedure. The cytotoxicity of the studied AKGs were evaluated by the MTT test and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line (HUVEC) were used as an in vitro model to evaluate their anti-migratory effects. RESULTS: The four AKGs have substantially the same toxicity threshold (≥ 12 μM), whereas they have an anti-migratory activity significantly different on endothelial cells. AKGs 9 and 10 significantly reduce the chemotactic migration induced by VEGF, but analogue (10) containing the hydroxyl group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain was the most potent anti-VEGF inhibitor. CONCLUSION: We presented here a series of four synthetic selachyl alcohol analogues, among which AKGs 9 and 10 showed the ability to inhibit the endothelial cell migration. The relationship structures and anti-VEGF effects of these analogues were also avaluated and discussed. Unnatural synthesized AKGs could be explored as one new source of anticancer agents.
Published: 2021

5. Risk of acute kidney injury by initiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in hospitalised patients treated with diuretics and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors

Author: Helene Gilardi, Pascal Le Corre, Mathilde Bories, Astrid Bacle, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, and Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie)
Subjects: Nephrology, medicine.medical_specialty, drug misuse, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nephrology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Renin-Angiotensin System, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, clinical pharmacy, Renin–angiotensin system, medicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Risk factor, Medical prescription, hospital, Diuretics, Retrospective Studies, Creatinine, adverse drug reactions, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Acute kidney injury, hospitalized patients, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Acute Kidney Injury, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacy service, chemistry, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Ambulatory, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, business, Kidney disease
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: Concurrent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with diuretics and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in the ambulatory setting. There is currently no information on AKI prevalence in hospitalised patients where initiation of NSAID prescription is quite frequent. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of AKI in patients treated with diuretics and/or RAASI in the hospital setting when NSAIDs are initiated. METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre study on inpatients receiving triple or dual association treatment. AKI was established according to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in kidney disease (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome, KDIGO) using the following criteria : increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥0.3 mg/dL (or ≥26.5 µmol/L) within 48 hours, or increase in SCr to ≥1.5 times baseline occurring within the last 7 days. RESULTS: AKI was identified in 5 of 151 patients (3.3%) treated with both diuretics and RAASI in whom NSAIDs were initiated, with a 49 µM average increase in SCr within 48 hours compared with baseline. AKI was identified in 2 of 117 (1.7%) patients treated with diuretics and NSAIDs, and in 1 of 427 (0.23%) patients treated with RAASI and NSAIDs. The average increase in SCr within 2 days was 29 µM. No AKI was identified in a control group of 1886 patients treated with diuretics and RAASI but with no initiation of NSAIDs during their hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: Initiation of NSAID therapy in hospitalised patients already being treated with diuretics and RAASI is a risk factor for AKI. The risk of AKI with the triple association appeared higher than with the dual association treatment.
Published: 2020

6. Maternal and fetal blood pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of atrazine, propazine, simazine and their metabolites in pregnant rats after chronic oral administration

Author: Vincent Hutin, Nolwenn Brandhonneur, Sylvaine Cordier, Pascal Le Corre, Cécile Chevrier, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Jonchère, Laurent, and Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Metabolite, brain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Administration, Oral, Toxicology, simazine, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fetus, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacokinetics, Pregnancy, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Animals, Endocrine system, Medicine, Tissue Distribution, biodistribution, Perinatal Exposure, Herbicides, Triazines, business.industry, Organ Size, Fetal Blood, pregnant rats, foetus, Rats, 3. Good health, Bioavailability, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Hypothalamus, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, propazine, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, atrazine
Abstract: Environmental contamination by chlorotriazines has been evidenced in mother-child cohort suggesting more detailed risk assessment of these compounds in drinking water. Exposure of rodents to atrazine has been associated to alterations of endocrine and reproductive functions by disrupting neuroendocrine control at hypothalamus level. Perinatal exposure to low doses of atrazine has been associated to reproductive dysfunction, and to behavioral abnormalities in adult exposed during embryogenesis. The objectives of the current investigation were to (1) evaluate the influence of physico-chemical properties of chlorotriazines on tissue distribution in pregnant rats and in fetuses, (2) gain a better understanding of fetal distribution of chlorotriazines in specific tissues, particularly in brain. Serial blood samples were obtained from pregnant rats after administration of atrazine (ATZ), propazine (PRO) and simazine (SIM) via oral route at a dose of 10 mg/kg from day 15 to day 19. Maternal and fetal tissues were harvested at day 20, 24 hrs after the last dosing. The metabolic extraction ratio was estimated to 87% suggesting a significant first-pass effect explaining the low oral bioavailability. Blood exposure to parent compounds (ATZ, PRO and SIM) was negligible (lower than 5%) compared to metabolite exposure. The main metabolite exposure involved diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT), ranging from 60 to 90% depending on the molecules administered. A correlation between tissue-to-blood ratio and physico-chemical descriptors were observed for fat and mammary gland tissues but not for brain in adult rats. A more pronounced distribution in fetal brain was observed for ATZ and PRO, the two most lipophilic compounds.
Published: 2020

7. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Specialized Metabolites for Predicting Lichen Fitness and Snail Foraging

Author: Hélène Rogniaux, Alice Gadea, Mathieu Fanuel, Maryvonne Charrier, Joël Boustie, Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat, Anne-Cécile Le Lamer, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), INRA Plateforme BIBS, Unité de Recherche Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Subantarctic field trip was funded by l’Institut Polaire Paul-Émile Victor, Plouzané, France (IPEV, programme 136), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ingénierie des Biopolymères pour la Structuration de Matrices et des Matériaux (SFR IBSM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lichens, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Foraging, Plant Science, Snail, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mass spectrometry imaging, Pseudocyphellaria crocata, 03 medical and health sciences, Stictic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, Botany, Norstictic acid, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Lichen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chemical Ecology, Ecology, Thallus, Chemical ecology, Notodiscus hookeri, chemistry, QK1-989, Lobariaceae, Optimal Defense Theory, 010606 plant biology & botany, Specialized Metabolites, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Lichens are slow-growing organisms supposed to synthetize specialized metabolites to protect themselves against diverse grazers. As predicted by the optimal defense theory (ODT), lichens are expected to invest specialized metabolites in higher levels in reproductive tissues compared to thallus. We investigated whether Laser Desorption Ionization coupled to Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LDI-MSI) could be a relevant tool for chemical ecology issues such as ODT. In the present study, this method was applied to cross-sections of thalli and reproductive tissues of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata. Spatial mapping revealed phenolic families of metabolites. A quantification of these metabolites was carried out in addition to spatial imaging. By this method, accumulation of specialized metabolites was observed in both reproductive parts (apothecia and soralia) of P. crocata, but their nature depended on the lichen organs: apothecia concentrated norstictic acid, tenuiorin, and pulvinic acid derivatives, whereas soralia mainly contained tenuiorin and pulvinic acid. Stictic acid, tenuiorin and calycin, tested in no-choices feeding experiments, were deterrent for N. hookeri while entire thalli were consumed by the snail. To improve better knowledge in relationships between grazed and grazing organisms, LDI-MSI appears to be a complementary tool in ecological studies
Published: 2020

8. Palliative care and Parkinson's disease: current practice, knowledge and barriers to referral. Insights from French palliative care units

Author: Auffret, Manon, Keromnes, Jeanne, Robert, Guillaume, Morel, Vincent, Verin, Marc, Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Objective: To assess the current practice regarding patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in palliative care units and to identify barriers to patients’ referral and optimal care.Background: Palliative care is now receiving a growing interest in PD. However, knowledge on the overall patterns of the end-of-life of PD patients and on the current practice in palliative care units is scarce. Understanding the barriers surrounding palliative care in PD among medical professionals is critical to identify levers for action and improve patients’ access to palliative care.Design/Methods: A survey was conducted among the 13 palliative care units of Brittany during the autumn of 2019. The aim was to meet in person with medical staff (physicians and nurses) to better describe local practice, using qualitative questionnaires (e.g. knowledge about the specificities of PD patients and PD medications, frequency of PD patients’ referral, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies).Results: 9 out of 13 palliative care units positively responded to our request. The relevance of palliative care in PD patients was acknowledged by most of the professionals, despite the low frequency of such hospitalizations in their units. PD patients were indeed referred to palliative care units for reasons other than PD, such as cancer. Many professionals reported a lack of knowledge in managing PD patients, the main concerns being pain management, rigidity, psychiatric disorders and medication adjustments. Training sessions on the specificities and needs of PD patients were requested to improve the quality of end-of-life care.Conclusions: Currently, PD patients’ needs are not always identified and/or satisfied in palliative care units (pain & medication management). There is a need to provide additional training on PD to palliative care units, and to develop standardized core documentation. Early introduction of palliative care options to physicians (neurologists, general practitioners, geriatricians) and patients would be relevant to optimize coordination, increase awareness and facilitate communication.
Published: 2020

9. Palliative care and Parkinson's disease: current practice, knowledge and barriers to referral; Insights from palliative care units in Brittany, France

Author: Auffret, M., Keromnes, J., Robert, G., Morel, V., Verin, M., Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

10. Citrulline prevents age-related LTP decline in old rats

Author: Patrick Dutar, Luc Cynober, Olivier Laprévote, Jean-Pascal De Bandt, Christophe Moinard, Jean-Marie Billard, Antonin Ginguay, Anne Regazzetti, Bernadette Allinquant, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR_S894, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Service de Biochimie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France, EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE - Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR_S894, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France, Ligue Européenne Contre la Maladie d’Alzheimer, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale (COMETE - UMR 8638), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de biochimie [Hôtel-Dieu], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Dutar, Patrick, EA 4466, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Equipe Pharmacognosie (UMR 8638), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôtel-Dieu
Subjects: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Hippocampus, Oxidative phosphorylation, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Citrulline, Animals, Medicine, Cognitive decline, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nutrition, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Cognitive ageing, business.industry, lcsh:R, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Long-term potentiation, Hydrogen Peroxide, Rats, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, chemistry, lcsh:Q, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], business, Oxidation-Reduction, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, Ex vivo
Abstract: The prevalence of cognitive decline is increasing as the ageing population is considerably growing. Restricting this age-associated process has become a challenging public health issue. The age-related increase in oxidative stress plays a major role in cognitive decline, because of its harmful effect on functional plasticity of the brain, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we show that citrulline (Cit) has powerful antioxidant properties that can limit ex vivo oxidative stress-induced LTP impairment in the hippocampus. We also illustrate that a three-month Cit supplementation has a protective effect on LTP in aged rats in vivo. The identification of a Cit oxidation byproduct in vitro suggests that the antioxidant properties of Cit could result from its own oxidation. Cit supplementation may be a promising preventive nutritional approach to limit age-related cognitive decline.
Published: 2019

11. Lipophilic components of diesel exhaust particles induce pro-inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells through AhR dependent pathway(s)

Author: Johan Øvrevik, Magne Refsnes, Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann, Jørn A. Holme, Eric Le Ferrec, Bendik Christian Brinchmann, Klara Kukowski, Alena Kubátová, Krisztina Szöke, Arno C. Gutleb, Jan E. Brinchmann, Tonje Skuland, Mia H. Rambøl, Marit Låg, Elisa Moschini, Per E. Schwarze, Jonchère, Laurent, Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health [Oslo, Norway], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Division of Laboratory Medicine [Oslo, Norway] (Faculty of Medicine), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Immunology (Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), University of North Dakota [Grand Forks] (UND), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), The contribution of EM and ACG was performed in the framework of the internally funded 'In vitro models for the prediction of respiratory irritation and sensitization - IMPERIS' project (LIST). BC Brinchmann was supported by a travel exchange grant from Rennes Métropole, to realize part of his PhD in Rennes, France. The work at NIPH, including two travel grants were supported by the Research Council of Norway, through the Environmental Exposures and Health Outcomes-program (grant no. 228143)., Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Diesel exhaust, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Endothelial cells, Gene Expression, Chromosomal translocation, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Gene expression, Endothelial dysfunction, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Vehicle Emissions, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, respiratory system, Cardiovascular disease, 3. Good health, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokines, medicine.symptom, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, Signal Transduction, Endothelium, Air pollution, lcsh:Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, Inflammation, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:RA1190-1270, Organic compounds, medicine, Humans, Secretion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons, Research, medicine.disease, Diesel exhaust particles, Atherosclerosis, 3D tri-culture, 030104 developmental biology, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Cyclooxygenase 2, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Microvessels, biology.protein, Nanoparticles, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:HD7260-7780.8
Abstract: Background Exposure to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a leading environmental cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerosis. It is still debated how DEP and other inhaled PM can contribute to CVD. However, organic chemicals (OC) adhered to the particle surface, are considered central to many of the biological effects. In the present study, we have explored the ability of OC from DEP to reach the endothelium and trigger pro-inflammatory reactions, a central step on the path to atherosclerosis. Results Exposure-relevant concentrations of DEP (0.12 μg/cm2) applied on the epithelial side of an alveolar 3D tri-culture, rapidly induced pro-inflammatory and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated genes in the basolateral endothelial cells. These effects seem to be due to soluble lipophilic constituents rather than particle translocation. Extractable organic material of DEP (DEP-EOM) was next fractionated with increasing polarity, chemically characterized, and examined for direct effects on pro-inflammatory and AhR-regulated genes in human microvascular endothelial (HMEC-1) cells and primary human endothelial cells (PHEC) from four healthy donors. Exposure-relevant concentrations of lipophilic DEP-EOM (0.15 μg/cm2) induced low to moderate increases in IL-1α, IL-1β, COX2 and MMP-1 gene expression, and the MMP-1 secretion was increased. By contrast, the more polar EOM had negligible effects, even at higher concentrations. Use of pharmacological inhibitors indicated that AhR and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) were central in regulation of EOM-induced gene expression. Some effects also seemed to be attributed to redox-responses, at least at the highest exposure concentrations tested. Although the most lipophilic EOM, that contained the majority of PAHs and aliphatics, had the clearest low-concentration effects, there was no straight-forward link between chemical composition and biological effects. Conclusion Lipophilic and semi-lipophilic chemicals seemed to detach from DEP, translocate through alveolar epithelial cells and trigger pro-inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells at exposure-relevant concentrations. These effects appeared to be triggered by AhR agonists, and involve PAR-2 signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0257-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

12. Potential drug-drug interactions and nephrotoxicity in hematopoietic stem cell transplant adult recipients during bone marrow transplantation unit stay

Author: Thierry Lamy, Lydia Sanchez, Astrid Bacle, Pascal Le Corre, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Microenvironment, Cell Differentiation, Immunology and Cancer (MICMAC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Drug, Drug–drug interactions, Cancer Research, Vincristine, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Renal function, Pharmacokinetic, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Toxicology, Kidney, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Drug Interactions, Bone marrow transplantation unit stay, Nephrotoxicity, media_common, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, Chemotherapy, Pharmacodynamic, business.industry, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Retrospective cohort study, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Pharmaceutical Preparations, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pharmacodynamics, Hematologic Neoplasms, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Methotrexate, Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, business, medicine.drug, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: International audience; Purpose - Studies have documented potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) occurring in cancer patients mainly with solid malignancies, either in the ambulatory or hospital settings. While hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients during their bone marrow transplantation unit (BMTU) stay have rather complex medical regimens combining chemotherapy, anti-infectious agents, immunosuppressive agents, and supportive-care drugs, studies on potential DDIs are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and the density of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic potential DDIs, and the evolution of the renal function in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) adult recipients during their BMTU stay. Methods - Retrospective study in 31 adult patients consecutively admitted to the BMTU. Results - Prevalence of pharmacokinetic interactions was ten times lower than the pharmacodynamic interactions. The contraindications were rare, and only of pharmacokinetic origin. The main drugs involved in pharmacokinetic DDIs were ciclosporine, methotrexate, esomeprazole, tramadol, and vincristine. The median number of potential nephrotoxicity-related DDIs per patient was 7 and the median number of days during which nephrotoxicity-related DDIs potentially occurred was 77 days per patient. The decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) throughout the BMTU stay (mean decrease of 13 ml/min) was correlated with the number of days of potential nephrotoxic drug interactions. Conclusions - Potential DDIs in HCST patients in BMTU were quite common. The DDIs from pharmacokinetic origin were less frequent, but of higher grade, than those of pharmacodynamic origin. The decrease in GFR suggests that the density of potential nephrotoxic drug interactions may be an issue to be considered in these patients.
Published: 2019

13. Contribution of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infections to the Transmission of Malaria in Kayin State, Myanmar

Author: Chaumeau, V, Kajeechiwa, L, Fustec, B, Landier, J, Naw Nyo, S, Nay Hsel, S, Phatharakokordbun, P, Kittiphanakun, P, Nosten, S, Thwin, MM, Win Tun, S, Wiladphaingern, J, Cottrell, G, Parker, DM, Minh, MC, Kwansomboon, K, Metaane, S, Montazeau, C, Kunjanwong, K, Sawasdichai, S, Andolina, C, Ling, C, Haohankhunnatham, W, Christiensen, P, Wanyatip, S, Konghahong, K, Cerqueira, D, Imwong, M, Dondorp, AM, Chareonviriyaphap, T, White, NJ, Nosten, FH, Corbel, V, Dupuis, Christine, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention [Irvine, CA, USA], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Entomology [Bangkok, Thailand] (Faculty of Agriculture), Kasetsart University (KU), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Nuffield (Nuffield), University of Oxford, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 101148, support to the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, via the Mahidol-Oxford University Research Unit), the Global Fund (grant THA-M-DDC), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant GH OPP 1081420), and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (support to V. C.)., Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Falciparum, primaquine, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, Vivax, Mosquito Vectors, Myanmar, artemisinin resistance, Microbiology, Major Articles and Brief Reports, Antimalarials, Rare Diseases, elimination, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Prevalence, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Humans, Parasites, Aetiology, Malaria, Falciparum, Asymptomatic Infections, Disease Reservoirs, entomological inoculation rate, Medical And Health Sciences, Incidence, Biological Sciences, Southeast Asia, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Mass drug administration, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Seasons, Infection, Plasmodium vivax
Abstract: Background The objective of mass antimalarial drug administration (MDA) is to eliminate malaria rapidly by eliminating the asymptomatic malaria parasite reservoirs and interrupting transmission. In the Greater Mekong Subregion, where artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is now widespread, MDA has been proposed as an elimination accelerator, but the contribution of asymptomatic infections to malaria transmission has been questioned. The impact of MDA on entomological indices has not been characterized previously. Methods MDA was conducted in 4 villages in Kayin State (Myanmar). Malaria mosquito vectors were captured 3 months before, during, and 3 months after MDA, and their Plasmodium infections were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The relationship between the entomological inoculation rate, the malaria prevalence in humans determined by ultrasensitive PCR, and MDA was characterized by generalized estimating equation regression. Results Asymptomatic P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections were cleared by MDA. The P. vivax entomological inoculation rate was reduced by 12.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–100-fold), but the reservoir of asymptomatic P. vivax infections was reconstituted within 3 months, presumably because of relapses. This was coincident with a 5.3-fold (95% CI, 4.8–6.0-fold) increase in the vector infection rate. Conclusion Asymptomatic infections are a major source of malaria transmission in Southeast Asia., This study demonstrates the major contribution of asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium infections to the transmission of malaria in Southeast Asian settings. Mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine can interrupt malaria transmission rapidly in areas where the prevalence of asymptomatic infection is high.
Published: 2019

14. Dynamical structure of the pulsating atmosphere of RR Lyrae: I. A typical pulsation cycle

Author: Gillet, D., Mauclaire, B., Lemoult, T., Mathias, Ph., Devaux, J-S., de France, Th., Garrel, T., Collaboration, the GRRR, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), the GRRR Collaboration, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Shock wave, stars: variables: RR Lyrae, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Rarefaction, Astrophysics, RR Lyrae variable, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, stars: atmospheres, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Photosphere, Shock (fluid dynamics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Sodium layer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, line: profiles, shock waves, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, hydrodynamics, Microturbulence, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: RRab stars are large amplitude pulsating stars in which the pulsation is associated with strong shock wake propagating in the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to provide a general overview of the dynamical structure of the atmosphere occurring over a typical pulsation cycle. We report new high-resolution observations with high time resolution of H$\alpha$ and sodium lines in the brightest RR Lyrae star of the sky: RR Lyr (HD 182989). A detailed analysis of line profile variations over the whole pulsation cycle is performed to understand the dynamical structure of the atmosphere. The main shock wave appears when it exits from the photosphere at $\varphi\simeq0.89$, i.e., when the main H$\alpha$ emission is observed. Whereas the acceleration phase of the shock is not observed, a significant deceleration of the shock front velocity is clearly present. The radiative stage of the shock wave is short: $4\%$ of the pulsation period ($0.89210$ is required to get such a radiative shock. The sodium layer reaches its maximum expansion well before that of H$\alpha$ ($\Delta\varphi=0.135$). Thus, a rarefaction wave is induced between the H$\alpha$ and sodium layers. A strong atmospheric compression occurring around $\varphi=0.36$, which produces the third H$\alpha$ emission, takes place in the highest part of the atmosphere. The region located lower in the atmosphere where the sodium line is formed is not involved. The amplification of gas turbulence seems mainly due to strong shock waves propagating in the atmosphere rather than to the global compression of the atmosphere caused by the pulsation. It has not yet been clearly established whether the microturbulence velocity increases or decreases with height in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it seems very probable that an interstellar component is visible within the sodium profile., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 8 tables, accepted in A&A; typos added
Published: 2019

15. Microbial parasites make cyanobacteria blooms less of a trophic dead end than commonly assumed

Author: Jonathan Colombet, Matilda Haraldsson, Pauline Bazin, Samuele Tecchio, Nathalie Niquil, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Mélanie Gerphagnon, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cyanobacteria, Food Chain, Ecosystem ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Article, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Food chain, Phytoplankton, Animals, Ecosystem, Biomass, Fungal ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Virus–host interactions, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Food web, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action
Abstract: International audience; Parasites exist in every ecosystem and can have large influence on food web structure and function, yet, we know little about parasites’ effect on food web dynamics. Here we investigate the role of microbial parasitism (viruses of bacteria, phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, and parasitic chytrids on cyanobacteria) on the dynamics of trophic pathways and food web functioning during a cyanobacteria bloom, using linear inverse food web modeling parameterized with a 2-month long data set (biomasses, infection parameters, etc.). We show the importance of grazing on heterotrophic bacteria (the microbial pathway: DOC → bacteria → consumer) and how consumers depended on bacteria during peak-cyanobacteria bloom, which abundance was partly driven by the viral activity. As bacteria become the main energy pathway to the consumers, the system takes a more web-like structure through increased omnivory, and may thereby facilitate the system’s persistence to the cyanobacteria outbreak. We also showed how the killing of cyanobacteria host cells by chytrids had important impact on the food web dynamics by facilitating grazing on the cyanobacteria, and by offering alternative pathways to the consumers. This seemed to increase the system’s ability to return to a mix of trophic pathways, which theoretically increases the stability of the system.
Published: 2018

16. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases

Author: Jean Mariani, Christian J. Pike, David Warburton, Adam J. Lundquist, Mathias Mericskay, Josiane Cillard, Joanna M. S. Davies, Rachael Cayce, Jean Rosenbaum, David Huang, Etienne C. Hirsch, Steven Burstein, Andrew Fishmann, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Jean Cadet, Laura C.D. Pomatto, Bertrand Friguet, Enrique Cadenas, Henry Jay Forman, Onnik Agbulut, Delphine Sauce, Giselle M. Petzinger, Anne-Laure Bulteau, Michael W. Jakowec, Zhenlin Li, Matthew R. Halliday, Amélie Rébillard, Florian Sennlaub, Kelvin J.A. Davies, Pierre Cillard, Christian Neri, Anne Negre Salvayre, Caleb E. Finch, Nicolaus A. Jakowec, David Liao, Jacqueline Capeau, Patrick Y. Sun, Robert A. Kloner, Fulvio Ursini, Christina Economides, Frédéric Derbré, Pinchas Cohen, Mustapha Rouis, Ellsworth Grant, Matilde Maiorino, Isabelle Limon, University of Southern California (USC), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Huntington Medical Research Institute, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et physiopathologie cardiovasculaire (UMRS1180), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fondation de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ligue Contre le Cancer, National Parkinson Foundation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, American Foundation for Aging Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U01HL122681, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, R01AG034430, National Institute on Aging, DGE-1418060, National Science Foundation, Pasadena Guild, Don Roberto Gonzalez and Family Foundation, the webb foundation, ES023864, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, The Garland Foundation, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Conseil Régional de Bretagne, DOD-PC160353U, U.S. Department of Defense, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Jonchère, Laurent, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SIGNALISATION ET PHYSIOPATHOLOGIE CARDIOVASCULAIRE (UMRS1180, LabEx LERMIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Aging, French Paradox, Psychoanalysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Early death, Review Article, 80 and over, French paradox, Aged, 80 and over, Low dose, Middle Aged, Oxygen Paradox, Adaptation, Physiological, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], High-Protein, Diet, High-Protein, Female, France, Free Radicals, Physiological, Hypercholesterolemia, and over, Adaptive Homeostasis, Age-related diseases, Ageing, Healthspan, Oxidative stress, Proteostasis, Aged, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Oxidative Stress, Oxygen, Risk Assessment, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 03 medical and health sciences, Age related, Adaptation, proteostasis, Geriatrics gerontology, Biological phenomenon, Biological signal transduction, Human physiology, Diet, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, Generic health relevance
Abstract: International audience; A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.
Published: 2017

17. Enquêtes sur la survenue d’intoxications après l’utilisation d’huiles essentielles, comparaison avec les données du CAP d’Angers (2017–2018)

Author: Noury, Fanny, Mazetier, Perrine, Dévéhat, Françoise Lohézic-Le, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Pharmacology, Aromatherapy, Toxicity, Statistical analysis, Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Science, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Pharmacy, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: National audience; Objectifs : Les médecines non conventionnelles ne sont pas dénuées de toxicité et il est pertinent d’établir un état des lieux des connaissances du grand public vis-à-vis des huiles essentielles. Il s’agit d’identifier le profil des victimes d’une intoxication, les voies d’administration et les symptômes ainsi que les huiles essentielles incriminées.Méthodes : Deux enquêtes, à destination du grand public et des professionnels de santé, ont été diffusées (janvier-mars 2019). En complément, les données du centre antipoison d’Angers sur la période 2017-2018 ont été analysées et comparées avec les données de notre enquête.Résultats : Nos enquêtes rassemblent 623 et 59 réponses. Les données du centre antipoison d’Angers recensent 741 intoxications. Les précautions d’emploi et les contre-indications des huiles essentielles sont peu connues puisque 5% des répondants les identifient correctement. Nos données mettent en évidence qu’une utilisation en mélange augmente le risque d’intoxication (p
Published: 2023

18. Apparent diffusion coefficients of 31P metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7 T

Author: Zhiwei Huang, Giulio Gambarota, Ying Xiao, Daniel Wenz, Lijing Xin, Center for Biomedical Imaging [Lausanne] (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Open access funding provided by EPFL Lausanne.This work was partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (n° 320030_189064). We acknowledge access to the facilities and expertise of the CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, a Swiss research center of excellence founded and supported by Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Geneva (UNIGE) and Geneva University Hospitals (HUG).
Subjects: MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Humans, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Biophysics, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ATP, PCr, Apparent diffusion coefficient, MESH: Adenosine Triphosphate, MESH: Phosphates, Phosphorous metabolites, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH: Phosphorus, DW-MRS
Abstract: Purpose In this study, we aimed to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of major phosphorous metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7 T with a diffusion-weighted (DW)-STEAM sequence. Methods A DW-STEAM sequence with bipolar gradients was implemented at 7 T, and DW MR spectra were acquired in three orthogonal directions in the human calf muscle of six healthy volunteers (TE/TM/TR = 15 ms/750 ms/5 s) at three b-values (0, 800, and 1200 s/mm2). Frequency and phase alignments were applied prior to spectral averaging. Averaged DW MR spectra were analyzed with LCModel, and ADCs of 31P metabolites were estimated. Results Four metabolites (phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and glycerol phosphorylcholine (GPC)) were quantified at all b-values with mean CRLBs below 10%. The ADC values of PCr, ATP, Pi, and GPC were (0.24 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.14, 0.40 ± 0.09) × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively. Conclusion The ADCs of four 31P metabolites were successfully measured in the human calf muscle at 7 T, among which those of ATP, Pi and GPC were reported for the first time in humans. This study paves the way to investigate 31P metabolite diffusion properties in health and disease on the clinical MR scanner.
Published: 2023

19. Volatile Organic Compounds from a Lichen-Associated Bacterium, Paenibacillus etheri, Interact with Plant-Parasitic Cyst Nematodes

Author: Alice Miral, Sylvain Fournet, Catherine Porte, Aurélie Sauvager, Josselin Montarry, Sophie Tomasi, Sylvain Tranchimand, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Healthy food is one of the major challenges to develop in this century. Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant damage to many crops worldwide and till now, the use of chemical nematicides is the main means to control their populations. These chemical products must be replaced by more environmental-friendly control methods. Biocontrol methods seem to be one promising option, and the number of biopesticides derived from living organisms has increased in the last decades. To develop new plant protection products, we have decided to combine our skills in natural products chemistry and nematology and to focus on the lichen microecosystem as underexploited ecological niches of microorganisms. We present herein the potential of lichen-associated bacterial suspensions from Paenibacillus etheri as nematicides against the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida, in particular the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the bacteria. A solid phase micro-extraction method associated to gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis of 14 day cultures was used to analyze these VOCs in order to identify the main produced compounds (isoamyl acetate and 2phenylethyl acetate) and to evaluate them on the nematodes.
Published: 2022

20. Role of microbiota in liver diseases : a revolution in patients care?

Author: Ravache, Fanny, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques ( UR1 Pharmacie ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Élisabeth Boichot, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: MESH: Microbiome gastro-intestinal, MESH: Bactéries, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Flore intestinale, Foie -- Maladies, MESH : Bactéries, Bactéries, MESH: Maladies du foie, MESH : Maladies du foie, MESH : Microbiome gastro-intestinal
Abstract: La bonne santé du corps humain est assurée par un assemblage complexe de signaux moléculaires, cellulaires et tissulaires dans tous les organes. Les avancées technologiques récentes et les découvertes scientifiques qui en découlent ont permis de démontrer l'importance d’un « nouvel » organe : le microbiote intestinal. Son étude a permis de montrer son influence sur de nombreuses voies métaboliques et sa capacité à modifier un état de bonne santé ou un état pathologique. Son influence ne se limite pas au niveau intestinal, mais a des répercussions sur de nombreuses fonctions physio-pathologiques comme c'est le cas dans les pathologies hépatiques alcooliques et non alcooliques. Il semble en conséquence possible d'intégrer aujourd'hui la modification du microbiote dans les stratégies thérapeutiques de ces maladies. Cette thèse bibliographique porte dans une première partie sur la description du microbiote intestinal, l'évolution de sa composition au cours de la vie chez l'Homme, mais aussi sur les fonctions métaboliques, immunitaires et protectrices contre les organismes pathogènes que le microbiote apporte à son hôte. Puis, la deuxième partie, présente des études récentes où la dysbiose est mise en cause dans la survenue des pathologies hépatiques alcooliques et non alcooliques. En perspective, l'exploration des effets thérapeutiques de prébiotiques, probiotiques et antibiotiques est exposée.
Published: 2016

21. Assessment of noninvasive acoustic respiration rate monitoring in patients admitted to an Emergency Department for drug or alcoholic poisoning

Author: Ratajczak-Enselme, Maja, Grégoire, Nicolas, Estebe, Jean-Pierre, Dollo, Gilles, Chevanne, F., Bec, David, Ecoffey, Claude, Couet, William, Le Corre, Pascal, Guechi, Youcef, Pichot, Amélie, Frasca, Denis, Rayeh-Pelardy, Fatima, Lardeur, Jean-Yves, Mimoz, Olivier, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'anesthésie réanimation chirurgicale [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique, Biopharmacie et Pharmacie Clinique, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Poitiers - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Service d'anesthésie réanimation [Poitiers], Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service d'anesthésie réanimation chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rennes, Pôle Pharmacie, Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique, Biopharmacie et Pharmacie Clinique [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR), and Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Substance-Related Disorders, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Poison control, Health Informatics, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiography, Impedance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Respiratory Rate, Capnography, 030202 anesthesiology, Thoracic impedance, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Contraindication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Monitoring, Physiologic, Ethanol, business.industry, Poisoning, Limits of agreement, Acoustic sensor, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Acoustics, Emergency department, Middle Aged, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 3. Good health, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Female, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, Respiration rate
Abstract: To compare respiration rate measurement by an acoustic method and thoracic impedance to capnometry as the reference method, in patients at the Emergency Department after drug or alcoholic poisoning. In this observational study, 30 patients aged 18 or older, hospitalized at the Emergency Department for drug or alcoholic poisoning, without any contraindication to a face mask and/or a cervical acoustic sensor, were included in the study. They benefited from a simultaneous recording of their respiration rate by the acoustic method (RRa(®), Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA), by thoracic impedance (Philips Intellivue(®) MP2, Suresnes, France) and by capnometry (Capnostream(®) 20, Oridion, Jerusalem, Israel) through a face mask (Capnomask(®), Mediplus Ltd, Raleigh, NC, USA) for 40-60 min. Of the 86,578 triplets collected, 77,155 (89.1%) were exploitable. Median (range) respiration rate measured by capnometry was 18 (7-29) bpm. Compared to capnometry, bias and limits of agreement were 0.1 ± 3.8 bpm for the acoustic method and 0.3 ± 5.5 bpm for thoracic impedance. The proportions of RR values collected by acoustic method or by thoracic impedance which differed over 10 or 20% during more than 15 s, compared to capnometry, were 8.3 versus 14.3, and 1.5 versus 3.8%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The acoustic sensor had to be repositioned on three patients. For 11 patients, the Capnomask(®) was removed several times. In patients with drug or alcoholic poisoning, the acoustic method seems more accurate than thoracic impedance and better tolerated than face mask capnometry.
Published: 2015

22. Oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenes profiling in laccate [i]Ganoderma chemotaxonomy[/i]

Author: Anne Favel, Stéphane Welti, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Régis Courtecuisse, Nathalie Duhal, Cécile Danel, Cony Decock, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Groupe de Recherche Interdiscipinaire Innovation et Optimisation Thérapeutique - EA 4481 (GRIIOT), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, BCCM/MUCL Environmental and Applied Mycology, Earth and Life Institute Microbiology (ELIM), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Interdiscipinaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), DIREN Guadeloupe (Regional Environment Administration-Luc Legendre), DIREN Martinique (Vincent Arenales del Campo), ONF Martinique (National Forestry Office), FNRS / FRFC [FRFC 2.4544.10], Belgian State-Belgian Federal Science Policy, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine (IMPECS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille, EA 4481 Groupe de Recherche Interdiscipinaire (GRIIOT), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS) - EA 4483, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA) - EA 7365, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 [IMPECS], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain [UCL], Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées - ULR 7365 [GRITA], and Aix Marseille Université [AMU]
Subjects: Ganoderma, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ganoderma sichuanense, Ganoderma lucidum, Lanostane, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phylogenetics, Botany, Polyporales, Ribosomal DNA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, 0303 health sciences, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Ganoderic acids, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), chemistry, Ling Zhi, Chemotaxonomy
Abstract: Oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenes (OLTT), including ganoderic acids and lucidenic acids produced by fungi of the genus Ganoderma (Polyporales), are abundantly documented for their potential pharmacological value. In order to test the correlation between species identity and OLTT composition, methanolic extracts of seven laccate Ganoderma species were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. OLTT profiles of each species were compared to a phylogenetic reconstruction of Ganoderma based on ITS rDNA sequences. The results suggest a high specificity in OLTT composition in one of the phylogenetic lineages of Ganoderma that encompasses tropical species, when no OLTT compound was detected in other lineages (including the European G. lucidum and the Asian G. sinense). Within the OLTT-positive lineage, G. sichuanense, G. martinicense, and G. tuberculosum (Asian-tropicum clade) were characterized by a specific composition in ganoderic acids and G. curtisii by a variety of lucidenic acids. An unidentified OLTT was found in G. resinaceum, also equivocally positioned in phylogenetic analyses. These results confirm OLTT as a suitable taxonomic marker in a lineage of pharmacologically and economically valuable species. Correlations with phylogeny, and development of OLTT composition as a fingerprint tool for quality control, could be an issue to address next, based on a more complete species sampling. 14;45
Published: 2015

23. Compréhension/acceptation de la radiothérapie : un dilemme éthique résolu par une éthique de la considération et de la sollicitude

Author: de Crevoisier, Renaud, Leseur, Julie, Bouvet, C., Huguet, Florence, Lagrange, J. L., Haaser, Thibaud, Pasquier, David, Créhange, Gilles, Supiot, Stéphane, Pommier, Pascal, Roy, Amit, Berna, A., Blanchard, Pierre, Marcucci, L., Centre Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie (LITO ), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Curie Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre Atlantique de Philosophie (CAPHI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Nantes Université - UFR Lettres et Langages (Nantes Univ - UFR LL), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Ethics, Oncology, Radiotherapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Beneficence, Consideration, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Autonomy
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Ethical questions are poorly investigated specifically in radiation oncology. The objective of the study was to identify and understand the main ethical issue in radiation oncology. Materials and methods: A quantitative analysis was based on the answers to a questionnaire of 200 professionals from 22 radiation oncology departments. The questionnaire mainly aimed to characterize the main ethical issue. A monocentric qualitative analysis was based on semi-structured interviews focused on the main identified ethical issue, carried out with eight technologists, and 20 patients undergoing radiotherapy. Results: The main ethical issue was the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment by the patients (71 %), which frequently arises (more than once a month) (52 %), and corresponds to an ethical tension between the principles of respect for autonomy and beneficence (the good as viewed by the patient) as defined by Beauchamp and Childress. The technologists, wish the patient to be fully involved in his treatment, with the even possibility of refusing it. However, excluding paternalism and autonomic relentlessness, the technologists have the feeling of acting for the good of the patients by treating them with radiation, even if the patients are not always aware of it, because they are within a situation of vulnerability. If the hierarchy of principles is a compromise alternative, this problem is finally well resolved by the effective implementation of an ethic of consideration and solicitude, restoring the patient capabilities, i.e. the maximum development of his potentialities in his situation of vulnerability. Beyond the legal dimension, patient information is crucial and must consider the specific temporality of the patient. Conclusion: The main ethical issue in radiation oncology is the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment involving the development of an ethic of consideration and solicitude.
Published: 2023

24. Phytoplankton Diversity and Community Composition along the Estuarine Gradient of a Temperate Macrotidal Ecosystem: Combined Morphological and Molecular Approaches

Author: Anne-Flore Deton-Cabanillas, Pauline Bazin, Bertrand Le Roy, Thomas Friedl, Fabien Jouenne, Benoît Véron, Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Lin, Senjie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Salinity, Climate, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Fresh Water, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Water column, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Freshwater Ecology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Community structure, Temperature, Marine Ecology, Eukaryota, Biota, Community Ecology, France, Phytoplankton, Composition, Estuarine Gradient, Ecosystem, Estuaries, Ecosystem Functioning, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, DNA, Ribosomal, Ecosystems, Molecular Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S, Genetics, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Community Structure, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Library, geography, Brackish water, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, fungi, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Environments, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Marine Environments, Clone Cells, Diatom, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Microscopical and molecular analyses were used to investigate the diversity and spatial community structure of spring phytoplankton all along the estuarine gradient in a macrotidal ecosystem, the Baie des Veys (eastern English Channel). Taxa distribution at high tide in the water column appeared to be mainly driven by the tidal force which superimposed on the natural salinity gradient, resulting in a two-layer flow within the channel. Lowest taxa richness and abundance were found in the bay where Teleaulax-like cryptophytes dominated. A shift in species composition occurred towards the mouth of the river, with the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis dramatically accumulating in the bottom waters of the upstream brackish reach. Small thalassiosiroid diatoms dominated the upper layer river community, where taxa richness was higher. Through the construction of partial 18S rDNA clone libraries, the microeukaryotic diversity was further explored for three samples selected along the surface salinity gradient (freshwater - brackish - marine). Clone libraries revealed a high diversity among heterotrophic and/or small-sized protists which were undetected by microscopy. Among them, a rich variety of Chrysophyceae and other lineages (e.g. novel marine stramenopiles) are reported here for the first time in this transition area. However, conventional microscopy remains more efficient in revealing the high diversity of phototrophic taxa, low in abundances but morphologically distinct, that is overlooked by the molecular approach. The differences between microscopical and molecular analyses and their limitations are discussed here, pointing out the complementarities of both approaches, for a thorough phytoplankton community description. peerReviewed
Published: 2014

25. Complex patterns in phytoplankton and microeukaryote diversity along the estuarine continuum

Author: Benoît Véron, Fabien Jouenne, Angel Pérez-Ruzafa, Anne-Flore Deton-Cabanillas, Pauline Bazin, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Murcia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS)
Subjects: Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Biology, Microeukaryotes, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Mediterranean sea, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Microscopy, Diversity, Ecology, Estuarine gradient, Community structure, 18S rDNA clone libraries, 15. Life on land, Semiarid area, 6. Clean water, Spatial heterogeneity, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Estuaries and coastal lagoons are included within the transitional waters category, according to the Water Framework Directive. However, criteria for their differentiation and characterisation are still under discussion and require more research. In particular, detailed observations of biodiversity in more complex transitional and coastal waters are lacking. Microscopic and molecular analyses were therefore used to investigate phytoplankton diversity and spatial community structure, in early spring, along the freshwater-to-marine continuum of the Segura River (Spain), an intensively regulated semiarid basin discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to the salinity gradient as the major factor determining taxa distribution, influence of multiple anthropogenic and climatic impacting factors (drought, confined waters, irrigation canal) leads to a significant spatial heterogeneity of the aquatic habitat types associated with variations in community composition. Several shifts within the phytoplankton distribution pattern along the continuum are revealed using multivariate analyses. An impressive bloom of the cryptophyte Plagioselmis prolonga occurred in the mixing zone, associated with a typical euryhaline community indicative of eutrophication. The 18S rDNA diversity revealed a microeukaryotic richness including several little-known groups, heterotrophic representatives, and potential parasites. By combining morphological and molecular approaches we revealed the presence of a ‘hidden’ diversity often neglected in traditional surveys.
Published: 2014

26. Comparison of Lumipulse® G1200 with Kryptor and Modular E170 for the measurement of 7 tumor markers

Author: Marlet, Julien, Bernard, Maguy, Service de Biochimie Métabolique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Unité Pédagogique de Biochimie, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Marlet, Julien, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, evaluation, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, kinetic, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, imprecision, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, comparability, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, luminescent measurements, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: "This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: "Comparison of LUMIPULSE® G1200 With Kryptor and Modular E170 for the Measurement of Seven Tumor Markers", which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcla.21802/abstract. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."; Background: Tumor marker measurements are becoming essential for prognosis and follow-up of patients in oncology. In this context, we aimed to compare a new analyzer, Lumipulse G1200 (Fujirebio group, distributed in Europe by the Innogenetics group) with Kryptor (Thermo Fisher Scientific B.R.A.H.M.S, Asnières, France) and Modular Elecsys E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France) for the measurement of seven tumor markers: PSA, AFP, CEA, CA 15-3, CA 125, CA 19-9 and Cyfra 21-1.Methods: 471 serum samples from patients with elevated tumor markers and 100 serum from healthy patients were analyzed with Lumipulse G1200 and either Kryptor (for AFP) or Modular (for the six other markers). Results: The good precision of Lumipulse G1200 assays was confirmed with CVs < 2.5% and < 5.0%, obtained respectively for within-run imprecision and intermediate imprecision (except for Cyfra 21-1: CV < 13%). For all markers, Lumipulse results were well correlated with Modular or Kryptor results (r ≥ 0.94). Concordance of results interpretation was > 95% and tumor marker kinetics were all similar.Conclusion: We confirmed the analytical performances of Lumipulse tumor marker assays except the CYFRA 21-1 assay, which performances were not acceptable in this study. Also, we demonstrated that 5 out of 7 tumor markers assays results (PSA, AFP, CA 125, CA 15-3, CYFRA 21-1) are directly transferable between Lumipulse and Kryptor or Modular, thus facilitating an eventual replacement of one system by another.
Published: 2014

27. Roseburia intestinalis Modulates PYY Expression in a New a Multicellular Model including Enteroendocrine Cells

Author: Thomas Gautier, Nelly Fahet, Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, Nolwenn Oliviero, Marielle Blot, Aurélie Sauvager, Agnes Burel, Sandrine David-Le Gall, Sophie Tomasi, Sophie Blat, Latifa Bousarghin, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Microscopie de Rennes (MRic), Université de Rennes (UR)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and This work was financially supported by the INSERM, France
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), peptide tyrosine tyrosine, hormone-producing cells, quadricellular model, gut commensal bacteria, butyrate, proglucagon, Virology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; The gut microbiota contributes to human health and disease; however, the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria interact with the host are still unclear. To date, a number of in vitro systems have been designed to investigate the host–microbe interactions. In most of the intestinal models, the enteroendocrine cells, considered as a potential link between gut bacteria and several human diseases, were missing. In the present study, we have generated a new model by adding enteroendocrine cells (ECC) of L-type (NCI-H716) to the one that we have previously described including enterocytes, mucus, and M cells. After 21 days of culture with the other cells, enteroendocrine-differentiated NCI-H716 cells showed neuropods at their basolateral side and expressed their specific genes encoding proglucagon (GCG) and chromogranin A (CHGA). We showed that this model could be stimulated by commensal bacteria playing a key role in health, Roseburia intestinalis and Bacteroides fragilis, but also by a pathogenic strain such as Salmonella Heidelberg. Moreover, using cell-free supernatants of B. fragilis and R. intestinalis, we have shown that R. intestinalis supernatant induced a significant increase in IL-8 and PYY but not in GCG gene expression, while B. fragilis had no impact. Our data indicated that R. intestinalis produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate whereas B. fragilis produced more propionate. However, these SCFAs were probably not the only metabolites implicated in PYY expression since butyrate alone had no effect. In conclusion, our new quadricellular model of gut epithelium could be an effective tool to highlight potential beneficial effects of bacteria or their metabolites, in order to develop new classes of probiotics.
Published: 2022

28. Bacteroides fragilis derived metabolites, identified by molecular networking, decrease Salmonella virulence in mice model

Author: Thomas Gautier, Nolwenn Oliviero, Solenn Ferron, Pierre Le Pogam, Sandrine David-Le Gall, Aurélie Sauvager, Patricia Leroyer, Isabelle Cannie, Sarah Dion, Alaa Sweidan, Olivier Loréal, Sophie Tomasi, Latifa Bousarghin, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomolécules : Conception, Isolement, Synthèse (BioCIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Bacteroides fragilis, Microbiology (medical), molecular networking, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microbiota, virulence factors, fractionation, supernatant, Microbiology, metabolites, cholic acid
Abstract: In the gut microbiota, resident bacteria prevent pathogens infection by producing specific metabolites. Among bacteria belonging to phylum Bacteroidota, we have previously shown that Bacteroides fragilis or its cell-free supernatant inhibited in vitro Salmonella Heidelberg translocation. In the present study, we have analyzed this supernatant to identify bioactive molecules after extraction and subsequent fractionation using a semi-preparative reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The results indicated that only two fractions (F3 and F4) strongly inhibited S. Heidelberg translocation in a model mimicking the intestinal epithelium. The efficiency of the bioactive fractions was evaluated in BALB/c mice, and the results showed a decrease of S. Heidelberg in Peyer’s patches and spleen, associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils infiltration. The reduction of the genus Alistipes in mice receiving the fractions could be related to the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive fractions. Furthermore, these bioactive fractions did not alter the gut microbiota diversity in mice. To further characterize the compounds present in these bioactive fractions, Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data were analyzed through molecular networking, highlighting cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid. In vitro, CA had inhibitory activity against the translocation of S. Heidelberg by significantly decreasing the expression of Salmonella virulence genes such as sipA. The bioactive fractions also significantly downregulated the flagellar gene fliC, suggesting the involvement of other active molecules. This study showed the interest to characterize better the metabolites produced by B. fragilis to make them means of fighting pathogenic bacteria by targeting their virulence factor without modifying the gut microbiota.
Published: 2022

29. The rising threat of climate change for arthropods from Earth’s cold regions: Taxonomic rather than native status drives species sensitivity

Author: David Renault, Camille Leclerc, Marc‐Antoine Colleu, Aude Boutet, Hoel Hotte, Hervé Colinet, Steven L. Chown, Peter Convey, Université de Rennes (UR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Nématologie (LSV Rennes), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Monash University [Melbourne], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor. Grant Number: Projet IPEV 136 Subanteco, InEE-CNRS. Project ‘Long-term research on biodiversity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems’, Peter Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team, Steven Chown is supported by ARC SRIEAS Grant SR200100005, and ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020)
Subjects: sub-Antarctic islands, warming, Climate Change, arachnid, MESH: Biodiversity, MESH: Invertebrates, thermal fluctuations, MESH: Arthropods, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, Arthropods, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Diptera, MESH: Climate Change, temperature, Biodiversity, Invertebrates, Coleoptera, heat exposure, Araneae, insect, ZABR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The R scripts and data are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809341; International audience; Polar and alpine regions are changing rapidly with global climate change. Yet, the impacts on biodiversity, especially on the invertebrate ectotherms which are dominant in these areas, remain poorly understood. Short-term extreme temperature events, which are growing in frequency, are expected to have profound impacts on high-latitude ectotherms, with native species being less resilient than their alien counterparts. Here, we examined in the laboratory the effects of short periodic exposures to thermal extremes on survival responses of seven native and two non-native invertebrates from the sub-Antarctic Islands. We found that survival of dipterans was significantly reduced under warming exposures, on average having median lethal times (LT50) of about 30 days in control conditions, which declined to about 20 days when exposed to daily short-term maxima of 24°C. Conversely, coleopterans were either not, or were less, affected by the climatic scenarios applied, with predicted LT50 as high as 65 days under the warmest condition (daily exposures at 28°C for 2 h). The native spider Myro kerguelensis was characterized by an intermediate sensitivity when subjected to short-term daily heat maxima. Our results unexpectedly revealed a taxonomic influence, with physiological sensitivity to heat differing between higher level taxa, but not between native and non-native species representing the same higher taxon. The survival of a non-native carabid beetle under the experimentally imposed conditions was very high, but similar to that of native beetles, while native and non-native flies also exhibited very similar sensitivity to warming. As dipterans are a major element of diversity of sub-Antarctic, Arctic and other cold ecosystems, such observations suggest that the increased occurrence of extreme, short-term, thermal events could lead to large-scale restructuring of key terrestrial ecosystem components both in ecosystems protected from and those exposed to the additional impacts of biological invasions.
Published: 2022

30. Insulino-résistance et vieillissement cardiovasculaire : un traitement chronique par le resvératrol peut-il les améliorer ?

Author: Baron , Stéphanie, Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes - Paris V, Valérie Nivet-Antoine, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes ( EA 4466 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
Subjects: High protein – low carbohydrate diet, Insulino-résistance, Régime riche en protéines – pauvre en glucides, Resveratrol, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Vieillissement cardiovasculaire, Insulin resistance, Cardiovascular aging elderly, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Resvératrol
Abstract: The aging of the population is the result of the improvement of the care of individuals, especially the elderly, leading to the emergence of a new demographic category, the « fourth age » with people more than 75 years old. This polypathological population has many specificities, with among other things, glucose intolerance, a state of malnutrition and impaired cardiovascular function. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in this age group. As mentioned in the 50s by Harman, oxidative stress may play an important role in all of these diseases. Resveratrol, an antioxidant polyphenol known for its properties on cardiovascular events could thus be a molecule of interest in this context. Our objectives in this study were therefore to assess the effects of chronic treatment with resveratrol with or without a nutritional care in the very old mice. These metabolic and cardiovascular effects of resveratrol have been studied. Our results show that a high protein and low carbohydrate diet has different effects depending on age. Despite no effect have been observed on young mice, this diet becomes deleterious in adult and very old mice with an increase of impaired glucose homeostasis associated with a deterioration of the lipid profile. These metabolic dysregulations result in a further deterioration of arterial and cardiac function. In the very old mice, treatment with resveratrol boosts the damage related to this plan by increasing the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations, highlighting, for the first time, potential deleterious effects of resveratrol in aging. However, in elderly malnourished mice in the absence of nutritional care, resveratrol has beneficial effects with improved insulin sensitivity and arterial functions associated with altered expression of TXNIP, protein regulating glucose homeostasis and oxidative balance, making it worth exploring as to explain some of the mechanisms involved in aging and in the effects of resveratrol.; Le vieillissement de la population est le résultat de l’amélioration de la prise en charge des individus, en particulier des sujets âgés, conduisant à l’apparition d’une nouvelle catégorie démographique, le quatrième âge avec les plus de 75 ans. Cette population polypathologique présente de nombreuses spécificités, avec entre autres, une intolérance au glucose, un état de dénutrition et une altération des fonctions cardiovasculaires, les maladies cardiovasculaires restant la première cause de mortalité dans cette tranche d’âge. Comme évoqué dès les années 50 par Harman, le stress oxydant pourrait jouer un rôle important dans l’ensemble de ces comorbidités. Le resvératrol, un polyphénol anti-oxydant connu pour ses biens-faits cardiovasculaires pourrait ainsi être une molécule d’intérêt dans ce contexte. Nos objectifs dans ce travail ont donc été d’évaluer les effets d’un traitement chronique par le resvératrol accompagné ou non d’une prise en charge nutritionnelle chez la souris très âgée. Ces effets du resvératrol ont été étudiés aussi bien sur le plan métabolique que sur le phénotype cardiovasculaire. Nos résultats montrent qu’un régime riche en protéines et pauvre en glucides a des effets variables en fonction de l’âge. Sans effet sur la souris jeune, il devient délétère chez la souris adulte et très âgée avec une majoration de l’altération de l’homéostasie glucidique associée à une détérioration du bilan lipidique. Ces dysrégulations métaboliques ont pour conséquence une dégradation accrue des fonctions artérielles et cardiaques. Chez la souris très âgée, un traitement par le resvératrol amplifie les dommages liés à ce régime en accentuant les altérations métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, soulignant, et ce pour la première fois, de potentiels effets délétères du resvératrol dans le cadre du vieillissement. En revanche, chez la souris âgée dénutrie en l’absence de prise en charge nutritionnelle, le resvératrol présente des effets bénéfiques avec une amélioration de l’insulino-sensibilité et des fonctions artérielles, associée à une modification d’expression de TXNIP, protéine à l’interface de la régulation de l’homéostasie du glucose et de la balance oxydative, faisant d’elle une piste à explorer tant pour expliquer certains mécanismes impliqués dans le vieillissement que dans les effets du resvératrol.
Published: 2013

31. Mechanism of one-electron oxidation of metformin in aqueous solution

Author: Patrick Trouillas, Fabrice Collin, Catherine Marchetti, Roberto Lazzaroni, Daniel Jore, Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot, Monique Gardès-Albert, Pharmacologie des Immunosuppresseurs et de la Transplantation (PIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials [Olomouc] (RCPTM)-Faculty of Science-Palacky University Olomouc, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons (UMons), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), The authors gratefully acknowledge the support fromthe Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations - European Regional Development Fund (project CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic)., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie Métabolique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pharmacologie des Immunosuppresseurs et de la Transplantation ( PIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST FR CNRS 3503 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Faculty of Science-Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials-Palacký University, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques ( LCBPT - UMR 8601 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes ( EA 4466 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Mons ( UMons ), Pharmacochimie et Pharmacologie Pour le Développement ( PHARMA-DEV ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Marquet, Pierre, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Radical, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Electrons, Electron, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, High-performance liquid chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Hydroxyl Radical, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiation dose, Water, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Metformin, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, [ SDV.SP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Gamma Rays, Radiolysis, Oxidation-Reduction, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Hydroxyl free radical-induced oxidation of metformin was studied in aqueous solution as a function of the pH. Hydroxyl free radicals were generated by gamma radiolysis of water and the oxidation end-products were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), as a function of the radiation dose. This work is a joint experimental and theoretical (DFT) approach that has paved the way towards a comprehensive rationalization of the one-electron mechanisms of MTF oxidation, as a function of the pH.
Published: 2013

32. Insulin resistance and inflammation predict kinetic body weight changes in response to dietary weight loss and maintenance in overweight and obese subjects by using a Bayesian network approach

Author: Nataliya Sokolovska, Salwa W. Rizkalla, Sophie Gougis, Pierre-Henri Wuillemin, Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Soraya Fellahi, Karine Clément, Joël Doré, Froogh Darakhshan, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Ling Chun Kong, Randa Bittar, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, U872 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Nutriomique, Équipe 7, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], DECISION, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 ( LIP6 ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Pôle coeur et métabolisme, Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Service Biochimie Hormonologie, CHU Tenon [APHP], Pôle Coeur Métabolisme, Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Human Nutr Res Ctr Ile France, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), INSERM, U872, Equipe 7, Paris, France, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition ( ICAN ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Pôle cœur et métabolisme, Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Service Biochimie Métabolisme, Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes ( EA 4466 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé humaine ( MICALIS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, UMR 209, Modélisation mathématique et informatique de systèmes complexes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), French National Research Agency (ANR) through the national program 'Investissements d'avenir' [ANR-10-IAHU-05], French National Research Agency (ANR) through 'ANR MICRO-Obes', region Ile de France (CODDIM), association Fondacoeur, Danone Research, European project FP7 Metacardis [HEALTH-F4-2012-305312], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipose tissue, Overweight, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Leukocytes, Secondary Prevention, Insulin, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet therapy, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Interleukin-6, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal, Kinetics, Endocrinology, ROC Curve, Insulin Resistance, Biomarkers
Abstract: Background: The ability to identify obese subjects who will lose weight in response to energy restriction is an important strategy in obesity treatment. Objective: We aimed to identify obese subjects who would lose weight and maintain weight loss through 6 wk of energy restriction and 6 wk of weight maintenance. [br/] Design: Fifty obese or overweight subjects underwent a 6-wk energy-restricted, high-protein diet followed by another 6 wk of weight maintenance. Network modeling by using combined biological, gut microbiota, and environmental factors was performed to identify predictors of weight trajectories. [br/] Results: On the basis of body weight trajectories, 3 subject clusters were identified. Clusters A and B lost more weight during energy restriction. During the stabilization phase, cluster A continued to lose weight, whereas cluster B remained stable. Cluster C lost less and rapidly regained weight during the stabilization period. At baseline, cluster C had the highest plasma insulin, interleukin (IL)-6, adipose tissue inflammation (HAM56+ cells), and Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus numbers in fecal samples. Weight regain after energy restriction correlated positively with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: r = 0.5, P = 0.0002) and inflammatory markers (IL-6; r = 0.43, P = 0.002) at baseline. The Bayesian network identified plasma insulin, IL-6, leukocyte number, and adipose tissue (HAM56) at baseline as predictors that were sufficient to characterize the 3 clusters. The prediction accuracy reached 75.5%. [br/] Conclusion: The resistance to weight loss and proneness to weight regain could be predicted by the combination of high plasma insulin and inflammatory markers before dietary intervention.
Published: 2013

33. Citrulline enhances myofibrillar constituents expression of skeletal muscle and induces a switch in muscle energy metabolism in malnourished aged rats

Author: Béatrice Morio, Philippe Chafey, Servane Le Plénier, Christophe Moinard, Voahangy Randrianarison-Huetz, C. Faure, Christian Aussel, Philippe Noirez, Luc Cynober, Prévention et traitement de la perte protéique musculaire en situation de résistance à l'anabolisme (PRETRRAM - EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Plateforme protéomique 3P5 [Institut Cochin] (3P5), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UFR STAPS, service interhospitalier de Biochimie, Hôpital de l'Hotel Dieu, A- P H-P, service biologie, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, APPERT Institute, Fondation Le Lous, Clermont Université-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, Prévention et traitement de la perte protéique musculaire en situation de résistance à l'anabolisme ( PRETRRAM - EA 4466 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Unité de Nutrition Humaine ( UNH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Clermont Université, Plateforme protéomique 3P5 [Institut Cochin] ( 3P5 ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes ( EA 4466 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, Glycogenolysis, Arginine, Proteome, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Muscle Proteins, arginine, Biochemistry, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Random Allocation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Citrulline, Glycolysis, Myofibrillar proteins, myosin heavy-chain, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, dysfunction, Energetic metabolism, protein-synthesis, Animal proteomics, Mitochondrial respiratory chain, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle, leucine, medicine.medical_specialty, proteolysis, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Skeletal muscle, Metabolism, gel-electrophoresis, Diet, Rats, Citric acid cycle, Endocrinology, chemistry, identification, Energy Metabolism, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, massive intestinal resection
Abstract: We are grateful to Florence Blandel for carbonylated protein analysis. We would like to thank Morgane Le-Gall, Guilhem Clary, and Cedric Broussard for their help in the DIGE experiments and MS analysis. We also thank Professor E. Fontaine for helpful discussion.; Citrulline (Cit) actions on muscle metabolism remain unclear. Those latter were investigated using a proteomic approach on Tibialis muscles from male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 23 months of age, rats were either fed ad libitum (AL group) or subjected to dietary restriction for 12 weeks. At the end of the restriction period, one group of rats was euthanized (R group) and two groups were refed for one week with a standard diet supplemented with nonessential amino acids group or Cit (CIT group). Results of the proteomic approach were validated using targeted Western blot analysis and assessment of gene expression of the related genes. Maximal activities of the key enzymes involved in mitochondrial functioning were also determined. Cit supplementation results in a significant increase in the protein expression of the main myofibrillar constituents and of a few enzymes involved in glycogenolysis and glycolysis (CIT vs. AL and R, p < 0.05). Conversely, the expression of oxidative enzymes from Krebs cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain was significantly decreased (CIT vs. AL, p < 0.05). However, maximal activities of key enzymes of mitochondrial metabolism were not significantly affected, except for complex 1 which presented an increased activity (CIT vs. AL and R, p < 0.05). In conclusion, Cit supplementation increases expression of the main myofibrillar proteins and seems to induce a switch in muscle energy metabolism, from aerobia toward anaerobia.
Published: 2013

34. Diversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microflora from the Midgut and Cuticle of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Collected in North-Western Iran

Author: Mehdi Razzaghi Abyaneh, Denis Sereno, Thomas Guillard, Jérôme Depaquit, Dominique Toubas, Ahmad Baghaei, R Bakhtiari, Mohammad Akhoundi, R. Tolouei, Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires - EA 4688 (VECPAR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Bacterial Diseases, Epidemiology, Plant Science, Disease Vectors, Iran, medicine.disease_cause, Klebsiella ozaenae, 0302 clinical medicine, Phlebotomus, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fungal Diseases, Enterobacter, Biodiversity, Bacterial Pathogens, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicine, Female, Veterinary Pathology, Research Article, Cuticle, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Geotrichum, Mycology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Microbiology, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Gram-Negative Bacteria, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, fungi, Fungi, Botany, Pathogenic bacteria, Midgut, Vectors and Hosts, biology.organism_classification, Leishmania, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Veterinary Science
Abstract: International audience; Background: Phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the leishmaniases, parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania spp. Little is known about the prevalence and diversity of sand fly microflora colonizing the midgut or the cuticle. Particularly, there is little information on the fungal diversity. This information is important for development of vector control strategies.Methodology/Principal Findings: Five sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, P. kandelakii, P. perfiliewi and P. halepensis were caught in Bileh Savar and Kaleybar in NorthWestern Iran that are located in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. A total of 35 specimens were processed. Bacterial and fungal strains were identified by routine microbiological methods. We characterized 39 fungal isolates from the cuticle and/or the midgut. They belong to six different genera including Penicillium (17 isolates), Aspergillus (14), Acremonium (5), Fusarium (1), Geotrichum (1) and Candida (1). We identified 33 Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia marcescens (9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6), Klebsiella ozaenae (4), Acinetobacter sp. (3), Escherichia coli (3), Asaia sp. (1) and Pantoea sp. (1) as well as Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (5) and Micrococcus luteus (5) in 10 isolates.Conclusion/Significance: Our study provides new data on the microbiotic diversity of field-collected sand flies and for the first time, evidence of the presence of Asaia sp. in sand flies. We have also found a link between physiological stages (unfed, fresh fed, semi gravid and gravid) of sand flies and number of bacteria that they carry. Interestingly Pantoea sp. and Klebsiella ozaenae have been isolated in Old World sand fly species. The presence of latter species on sand fly cuticle and in the female midgut suggests a role for this arthropod in dissemination of these pathogenic bacteria in endemic areas. Further experiments are required to clearly delineate the vectorial role (passive or active) of sand flies.
Published: 2012

35. Quantification de la charge d’entraînement imposée au footballeur professionnel en phase de réhabilitation athlétique post-blessure

Author: Philippe Noirez, François-Denis Desgorces, A. Ben Belgith, P. Maille, Said Ahmaidi, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP)
Subjects: [SHS.SPORT.ECA]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Train and coach, 03 medical and health sciences, Charge d'entraînement, 0302 clinical medicine, Training loads, Work-Endurance-Recovery, Perception de l'effort, Perceived exertion, Travail-Endurance-Récupération, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Réadaptation, 030229 sport sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this study is to compare training load quantification methods " Work-Endurance-Recovery " , " session-CR10 " and " Training impulse " during a period of post-injury physical rehabilitation in professional soccer players. Methods: Eleven young soccer players injured participated in the study. This period of physical rehabilitation is composed of sessions of muscle conditioning, proprioception and individual work with ball. For all training sessions, Work-Endurance-Recovery training loads are not related to session-CR10 (P = 0.11). These two types of training loads result in significant correlations for proprioception and ball sessions (R 2 = 0.60). In addition, significant correlation coefficients appear between TRIMPs and WER training loads (R 2 = 0.62), and between TRIMPs (only calculated for proprioception and ball sessions) and session-CR10 (R 2 = 0.66). Quantification of muscle conditioning sessions differs between Work-Endurance-Recovery and session-CR10 methods. These differences are due to the fact that the increase in exercise intensity associated with unchanged volume results in decreased effort perception. The particular context of muscular conditioning after injury underlines the limits of session-CR10 quantification method used during the first phase of a physical rehabilitation period. The WER method seems useable for all phases of physical rehabilitation. Our study underlines the feasibility of training load quantification for physical rehabilitation exercises after injuries that could allow to improve such exercises programs.; L'objectif de notre travail a été de comparer les méthodes de quantification de la charge d'entraînement « Travail-Endurance-Récupération », « séance-CR10 » et Training impulse lors d'une période de réhabilitation athlétique chez le footballeur professionnel. Sujets et méthodes : onze jeunes footballeurs (16,0 ± 1,2 ans) blessés parmi les 90 jeunes footballeurs fréquentant le Centre technique national Clairefontaine de la Fédération française de football ont fait l'objet d'un recueil de données au cours de leur réhabilitation athlétique post-blessure. Cette période de réhabilitation comprend des séances de renforcement musculaire, de travail des appuis puis de travail individuel avec ballon. Résultats : Pour l'ensemble des séances, les charges Travail-Endurance-Récupération ne sont pas reliées aux charges séance-CR10 (p = 0,11). Pour les séances d'appui et avec ballon, des relations significatives apparaissent entre les charges Travail-Endurance-Récupération et séance-CR10 (R 2 = 0,60), entre Travail-Endurance-Récupération et Training impulse (R 2 = 0,62) et entre séance-CR10 et Training impulse (R 2 = 0,66). L'évolution des charges des séances de renforcement diffère entre les méthodes Travail-Endurance-Récupération et séance-CR10. Ces différences résident dans le fait que l'augmentation de l'intensité de travail à volume constant se traduit par une baisse de la perception de l'effort. Les conditions très particulières du renforcement musculaire post-blessure font apparaître des limites quant à l'utilisation de la méthode séance-CR10 lors de la première phase de réhabilitation. La méthode Travail-Endurance-Récupération semble utilisable pour l'ensemble des phases de travail. Conclusion : Notre étude souligne la faisabilité de la quantification de la charge d'entraînement des périodes de réhabilitation athlétique post-blessure ce qui devrait permettre d'optimiser les programmes proposés.
Published: 2012

36. What about your muscles when pou are getting older [Le muscle, les années et la sarcopénie]

Author: Le Page, C., Noirez, P., Unité de biologie intégrative des adaptations à l'exercice (UBIAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
Subjects: Aging, Sarcopenia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Muscle, Exercise
Abstract: National audience; Muscle aging is characterized by sarcopenia, characterized by reduction of muscle mass and strength. Muscle strength reduction can be explained, in part, by a decrease in muscle mass. Consequently, alternative hypothesis have been propose d based on neuromuscular alterations and their implicated mechanisms in these alterations. As the level of activity diminishes with age, it is important to distinguish changes specific to reduced activity (low muscular activity, bed rest, immobilization,...) from those due to aging. Thus, it seems that sarcopenia could be in part explained by a decreased neuromuscular activity and that physiological muscle stimulation by exercise could be a good way to delay the effects of muscular aging as well the effects of aging in general. © La Revue De Geratrie.
Published: 2012

37. Enquête sur la survenue d’intoxications après l’utilisation d’huiles essentielles, comparaison avec les données du CAP d’Angers (2017-2018)

Author: Fanny, Noury, Perrine, Mazetier, Françoise Lohézic-Le, Dévéhat, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Aromatherapy, Toxicity, Statistical analysis, Pharmacist, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Pharmacy, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: National audience; Objectifs : Les médecines non conventionnelles ne sont pas dénuées de toxicité et il est pertinent d’établir un état des lieux des connaissances du grand public vis-à-vis des huiles essentielles. Il s’agit d’identifier le profil des victimes d’une intoxication, les voies d’administration et les symptômes ainsi que les huiles essentielles incriminées.Méthodes : Deux enquêtes, à destination du grand public et des professionnels de santé, ont été diffusées (janvier-mars 2019). En complément, les données du centre antipoison d’Angers sur la période 2017-2018 ont été analysées et comparées avec les données de notre enquête.Résultats : Nos enquêtes rassemblent 623 et 59 réponses. Les données du centre antipoison d’Angers recensent 741 intoxications. Les précautions d’emploi et les contre-indications des huiles essentielles sont peu connues puisque 5% des répondants les identifient correctement. Nos données mettent en évidence qu’une utilisation en mélange augmente le risque d’intoxication (p
Published: 2022

38. Serotonin and angiotensin receptors in cardiac fibroblasts coregulate adrenergic-dependent cardiac hypertrophy

Author: Stéphane Doly, Burns C. Blaxall, Vincent Setola, Haythem Debbabi, Luc Maroteaux, Jean-Marie Launay, Jacques Callebert, Bertrand Mettauer, Philippe Bonnin, Fabrice Jaffré, Laurent Monassier, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Physiologie–Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie des maladies à prions et régulations cellulaires, Institut des sciences du Médicament -Toxicologie - Chimie - Environnement (IFR71), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-EA 3621, Régulation nerveuse de la fonction cardiovasculaire, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital pasteur [Colmar], Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine-Aab Cardiovascular Institute, This work has been supported by funds from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, the Université Louis Pasteur, and by grants from the Fondation de France, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, the French ministry of research (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche) and the European Union. LM's team is an 'Equipe Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale'. FJ is supported by a fellowship of Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. BCB's lab is supported by an NIH grant HL084087., Maroteaux, Luc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques-EA 3621
Subjects: Male, MESH: Signal Transduction, Angiotensin receptor, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Myocytes, Cardiac, Stimulation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH: Isoproterenol, Muscle hypertrophy, MESH: Serotonin Antagonists, Mice, Norepinephrine, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Interaction Mapping, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B, Myocytes, Cardiac, MESH: Animals, Receptor, Cells, Cultured, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, MESH: Middle Aged, Angiotensin II, Middle Aged, ErbB Receptors, src-Family Kinases, Cytokine, MESH: Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Cytokines, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Female, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Serotonin Antagonists, MESH: Angiotensin II, MESH: Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Signal transduction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor, Signal Transduction, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Myocardium, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, Mice, Transgenic, MESH: Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor, Biology, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, MESH: Norepinephrine, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, Heart Failure, MESH: Humans, Myocardium, MESH: Protein Interaction Mapping, Isoproterenol, MESH: Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B, MESH: Adult, Fibroblasts, MESH: Male, Endocrinology, MESH: src-Family Kinases, MESH: Fibroblasts, MESH: Heart Failure, Serotonin, MESH: Female
Abstract: By mimicking sympathetic stimulation in vivo, we previously reported that mice globally lacking serotonin 5-HT 2B receptors did not develop isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the exact cardiac cell type(s) expressing 5-HT 2B receptors (cardiomyocytes versus noncardiomyocytes) involved in pathological heart hypertrophy was never addressed in vivo. We report here that mice expressing the 5-HT 2B receptor solely in cardiomyocytes, like global 5-HT 2B receptor–null mice, are resistant to isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, as well as to isoproterenol-induced increases in cytokine plasma-levels. These data reveal a key role of noncardiomyocytes in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy in vivo. Interestingly, we show that primary cultures of angiotensinogen null adult cardiac fibroblasts are releasing cytokines on stimulation with either angiotensin II or serotonin, but not in response to isoproterenol stimulation, demonstrating a critical role of angiotensinogen in adrenergic-dependent cytokine production. We then show a functional interdependence between AT 1 Rs and 5-HT 2B receptors in fibroblasts by revealing a transinhibition mechanism that may involve heterodimeric receptor complexes. Both serotonin- and angiotensin II–dependent cytokine production occur via a Src/heparin-binding epidermal growth factor–dependent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors in cardiac fibroblasts, supporting a common signaling pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that 5-HT 2B receptors are overexpressed in hearts from patients with congestive heart failure, this overexpression being positively correlated with cytokine and norepinephrine plasma levels. Collectively, these results reveal for the first time that interactions between AT 1 and 5-HT 2B receptors coexpressed by noncardiomyocytes are limiting key events in adrenergic agonist-induced, angiotensin-dependent cardiac hypertrophy. Accordingly, antagonists of 5-HT 2B receptors might represent novel therapeutics for sympathetic overstimulation-dependent heart failure.
Published: 2009

39. pBFK, a new thermosensitive shuttle vector for Streptococcus pyogenes gene deletion by homologous recombination

Author: S. Boukthir, P. Gaudu, A. Faili, S. Kayal, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and This work was supported by the University Rennes Medical School, and by University Hospital Center of Rennes-France and did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Gene deletion, Streptococcus pyogenes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Group A Streptococcus, Isogenic mutant, Homologous recombination
Abstract: International audience; Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus (GAS), is a major human pathogen for which genetic manipulation remains an ongoing challenge. We created a new temperature-sensitive plasmid pBFK expressing spectinomycin resistance adapted to homologous recombination procedure to perform a complete gene deletion in GAS. Herein the mutagenesis strategy with pBFK was performed in a highly virulent GAS emm3 genotype.
Published: 2023

40. Stability of oral liquid preparations of methylergometrine

Author: K, Marigny, F, Lohezic-Ledevehat, F, Aubin, G, Burgot, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Storage, Temperature, Reproducibility of Results, Reference Standards, Pharmaceutical Solutions, Drug Stability, Methylergonovine, Solubility, Oxytocics, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract: International audience; The stability of an oral ready to-use form of methylergometrine (0.05 mg/mL), which provides a convenient volume for administration (5 mL), was evaluated over a forty-seven-day period at different temperatures (5 degrees C and room temperature) without light in order to assign a shelf life. Methylergometrine was assayed by a stability-indicating HPLC method with diode array detection. The drug undergoes degradation under basic conditions and dry heat (50 degrees C). All the peaks of the degraded product were resolved from the standard drug with significantly different retention times. Statistical analysis proves that the method is reproducible and accurate for estimation of the intact drug. The pH of samples was monitored periodically for changes. Samples were also visually inspected for any colour change, precipitation or crystallization. At least, 96% of the initial methylergometrine concentration remained throughout the 47-day study period. Over the test period, no significant change was observed in the pH or colour of any of the samples. No degradation products were revealed. This study allowed an oral ready to use solution of methylergometrine (0.05 mg/ml) to be prepared, with a shelf life of more than one month (47 days) when stored at room temperature without light.
Published: 2006

41. Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos exposed to amiodarone and DEHP

Author: Papaioannou, N., Papageorgiou, T., Gabriel, C, Le Mentec, H., Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique, Karakitsios, S., Podechard, Normand, Sarigiannis, D., Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), and Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Poster PresentationsP-20 | Omics approaches in toxicology
Published: 2022

42. Exploratory study: Evaluation of a symptom checker effectiveness for providing a diagnosis and evaluating the situation emergency compared to emergency physicians using simulated and standardized patients

Author: Laure Abensur Vuillaume, Julien Turpinier, Lauriane Cipolat, null Arnaud-Dépil-Duval, Thomas Dumontier, Nicolas Peschanski, Yann Kieffer, Boris Barbat, Thomas Riquier, Vincent Dinot, Joris Galland, Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre Hospitalier Fleyriat [Bourg en Bresse], and None
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Background The overloading of health care systems is an international problem. In this context, new tools such as symptom checker (SC) are emerging to improve patient orientation and triage. This SC should be rigorously evaluated and we can take a cue from the way we evaluate medical students, using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) with simulated patients. Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a symptom checker versus emergency physicians using OSCEs as an assessment method. Methods We explored a method to evaluate the ability to set a diagnosis and evaluate the emergency of a situation with simulation. A panel of medical experts wrote 220 simulated patients cases. Each situation was played twice by an actor trained to the role: once for the SC, then for an emergency physician. Like a teleconsultation, only the patient’s voice was accessible. We performed a prospective non-inferiority study. If primary analysis had failed to detect non-inferiority, we have planned a superiority analysis. Results The SC established only 30% of the main diagnosis as the emergency physician found 81% of these. The emergency physician was also superior compared to the SC in the suggestion of secondary diagnosis (92% versus 52%). In the matter of patient triage (vital emergency or not), there is still a medical superiority (96% versus 71%). We prove a non-inferiority of the SC compared to the physician in terms of interviewing time. Conclusions and relevance We should use simulated patients instead of clinical cases in order to evaluate the effectiveness of SCs.
Published: 2023

43. Exploration urinaire du métabolisme : bilan nutritionnel, lithiase urinaire et tubulopathie

Author: Stéphanie Baron, Yann Barguil, Anne-Sophie Bargnoux, Vincent Frochot, Jean-Paul Cristol, Christelle Machon, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Stress Cellulaire : Physiopathologie, Stratégies Nutritionnelles et Thérapeutiques Innovantes (EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Noumea, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Urinary system, Urology, Metabolic alkalosis, Context (language use), Urine, Urinalysis, Recommendations, Primary hyperoxaluria, Urolithiasis, Tubulopathy, medicine, Humans, Acidosis, 2. Zero hunger, Urinary density, business.industry, Urinary urea, Chlore in urine, Metabolic acidosis, General Medicine, Reference Standards, Bicarbonaturia, medicine.disease, Refractometry, Kidney Tubules, Nutrition Assessment, Kidney Diseases, Indications, medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism, Oxalemia, business
Abstract: International audience; The SFBC working group aimed to deal with biological tests outside the french nomenclature that may be useful in the context of urinary exploration of metabolism. This section will be divides into three parts: 1) nutritional assessment using urinary urea; 2) metabolic assessment of urolithiasis; 3) exploration of tubulopathies. National and international recommendations support the evaluation of nutritional status from urea measurements in urine and dialysate with the following indications: primary metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis patients, monitoring of protein intake in chronic renal failure stage 3 or stage 5D with residual diuresis. For the management of the urolithiasis disease, biomedical tests recommended by the national and international guidelines are the measurement of the urinary density using refractometry in the primary metabolic evaluation as well as the determination of oxalemia in the diagnosis (patients with GFR< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and follow-up (patients with GFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) of primary hyperoxaluria. The determination of the bicarbonaturia is retained for the in depth exploration of urolithiasis and tubular acidosis. The measure of chlore in urine is used to evaluate the volume status during metabolic alkalosis and to calculate the urinary anionic gap during metabolic acidosis.
Published: 2019

44. Impact of 3-week citrulline supplementation on postprandial protein metabolism in malnourished older patients: The Ciproage randomized controlled trial

Author: C. Forasassi, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Luc Cynober, Ester Guery, C. Faure, Christian Aussel, Philippe Le Corvoisier, Alain Astier, Nathalie Neveux, Stéphane Herbaud, O. Bouillanne, Yves Boirie, Muriel Paul, J.-C. Melchior, Valérie Nivet-Antoine, Didier Chevenne, Stéphane Walrand, Florence Canoui-Poitrine, Département de Gérontologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), EA 4466, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Nutrition clinique-TCA, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Département de Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de Santé Publique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor, EA 7376, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Département de Nutrition Clinique, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de gériatrie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses 94000 Créteil, France, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Pharmacie, Unité de Nutrition, PHRC Hospital-led Clinical Research Program: DRRC: AOM07014-P070127, IMRB - CEPIA/'Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing : Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Descartes (Paris 5), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, URC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Protein metabolism, Muscle Proteins, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Citrulline, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, education, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Malnutrition, Lean mass, Postprandial Period, 3. Good health, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Postprandial, Endocrinology, chemistry, Protein Biosynthesis, Older adults, Dietary Supplements, Lean body mass, Amino acids, Female, Dietary Proteins, business, Splanchnic, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Body mass index
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Citrulline (CIT), is not extracted by the splanchnic area, can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and could potentially find clinical applications in conditions involving low amino acid (AA) intake, such as in malnourished older subjects. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to research the effects of CIT supplementation on protein metabolism in particular on non-oxidative leucine disposal (NOLD, primary endpoint), and splanchnic extraction of amino acids in malnourished older patients. DESIGN: This prospective randomized multicenter study determined whole-body and liver protein synthesis, splanchnic protein metabolism and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) in 24 malnourished older patients [80-92 years; 18 women and 6 men] in inpatient rehabilitation units. All received an oral dose of 10 g of CIT or an equimolar mixture of six non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), as isonitrogenous placebo, for 3 weeks. RESULTS: NOLD and albumin fractional synthesis rates were not different between the NEAA and CIT groups. Splanchnic extraction of dietary amino acid tended to decrease (p = 0.09) in the CIT group (45.2%) compared with the NEAA group (60.3%). Total differences in AA and NEAA area under the curves between fed-state and postabsorptive-state were significantly higher in the CIT than in the NEAA group. There were no significant differences for body mass index, fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) or ASMM in the whole population except for a tendential decrease in FM for the citrulline group (p = 0.089). Compared with Day 1, lean mass and ASMM significantly increased (respectively p = 0.016 and p = 0.018) at Day 20 in CIT-treated women (mean respective increase of 1.7 kg and 1.1 kg), and fat mass significantly decreased (p = 0.001) at Day 20 in CIT-group women (mean decrease of 1.3 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that CIT supplementation has no effect on whole-body protein synthesis or liver protein synthesis in malnourished older subjects. However, CIT supplementation was associated with a higher systemic AA availability. In the subgroup of women, CIT supplementation increased LM and ASMM, and decreased FM.
Published: 2019

45. Apport du PMSI pour l'appariement de données cliniques hospitalières avec le SNDS : cas d'usage en pharmacovigilance sur les patients consommateurs de statines

Author: Bannay, A., Bories, M., Corre, P. Le, Riou, C., Lemordant, P., van Hille, P., Chazard, E., Dode, X., Cuggia, M., Bouzille, G., K team (Data Science, Knowledge, Reasoning and Engineering), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Evaluation et Information Médicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Lille, Centre national hospitalier d’information sur le médicament, and Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Pharmacovigilance, Appariement, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Epidemiology, Réutilisation de données, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, SNDS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

46. Prise en charge de la dépression résistante par eskétamine : étude de cas au centre hospitalier Guillaume Régnier à Rennes

Author: Constantin, Marion, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Romain Bellay
Subjects: Études de cas, Pharmacologie clinique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dépression -- Thérapeutique, MESH: Dépression -- Pharmacie d'hôpital, MESH: Eskétamine, MESH: Antidépresseurs, Antidépresseurs
Abstract: L’eskétamine est une innovation thérapeutique indiquée dans la prise en charge de la dépression résistante. Actuellement, plus de 15% des patients atteints d’épisode dépressif caractérisé ne bénéficient pas d’une rémission complète car ils sont résistants aux différents traitements existants. L’électroconvulsivothérapie est une alternative qui doit être proposée dans cette indication or elle n’est parfois pas possible ou peut-être refusée. Depuis sa mise à disposition en France en 2019, l’eskétamine a été proposée à plusieurs patients après de multiples échecs thérapeutiques dans une vingtaine de centres hospitaliers en France. L’objectif de ce travail est d’apporter des données d’efficacité et de tolérance concernant ce nouveau traitement au travers des données de la littérature et d’une étude de cas au sein de notre établissement. Au sein du centre hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, quatre patients ont pu bénéficier de ce traitement. Aucun n’a atteint de rémission stable. L’hypothèse principale est l’inclusion de ces patients après de trop nombreux échecs thérapeutiques. Les effets indésirables observés sont les même que ceux retrouvés dans les essais cliniques menés par le laboratoire. La Haute Autorité de Santé a octroyé un service médical rendu faible à ce traitement en accord avec le manque d’efficacité démontré dans les essais cliniques et les nombreux effets indésirables. L’électroconvulsivothérapie est efficace dans 50 % des dépressions résistantes. Quand elle est possible, elle reste l’option de premier choix. Cependant, l’eskétamine grâce à sa rapidité d’action pourrait être un nouvel outil dans le panel thérapeutique des psychiatres. Sa place dans la stratégie thérapeutique de la prise en charge de la dépression est amenée à évoluer. La publication des données en France et de l’étude de tolérance en cours par le laboratoire, nous donnera de plus amples informations sur l’efficacité et la tolérance du traitement.
Published: 2020

47. Bilan 2020 de la mise en place de la vaccination antigrippale à l'officine dans un panel de pharmacies de Bretagne

Author: Annic, Mathilde, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Latifa Boursaghin
Subjects: Vaccin antigrippal, MESH: Vaccins antigrippaux, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vaccination, Pharmacies d'officine -- Pratique, MESH: Vaccination, Grippe -- Complications (médecine), Influenzavirus, MESH: Pharmacies, MESH: Grippe humaine
Abstract: The flu is a seasonal viral infection that occurs every year at the end and beginning of the year and which affects 2 to 6 million French people per year. This is not trivial since it causes a significant number of deaths each year in France, the average being 10 000 deaths per year. Deaths particularly affect people over 65 as well as people with a chronic pathology. Vaccination is the best tool to fight against these preventable deaths. However, vaccination coverage in this at-risk population is still too low today. Pharmacists are health professionals with a key role in informing and promoting vaccination. That is why an influenza vaccination trial phase was carried out for two years in volunteer pharmacies in four French regions in order to increase vaccination coverage in people at risk. The results of this experiment turned out to be very positive and thus enabled the expansion of this practice within voluntary pharmacies throughout the country in 2020. The aim of this thesis is to relay the feedback from the dispensary pharmacists in Brittany who implemented this device, but also how it was introduced within these dispensaries. Thanks to this assessment, precautions for the next vaccination campaigns as well as future prospects have been announced.; La grippe est une infection virale saisonnière qui survient tous les ans en fin et début d’année et qui touche 2 à 6 millions de Français par an. Celle-ci n’est pas anodine puisqu’elle engendre un nombre non négligeable de décès chaque année en France, la moyenne étant de 10 000 décès par an. Les décès touchent très particulièrement les personnes de plus de 65 ans ainsi que les personnes souffrant d’une pathologie chronique. La vaccination est le meilleur outil pour lutter contre ces décès qui se veulent évitables. Cependant, la couverture vaccinale chez cette population à risque est encore trop faible aujourd’hui. Les pharmaciens d’officine sont des professionnels de santé de proximité ayant un rôle clé dans l’information et la promotion de la vaccination. C’est pourquoi, une phase d’expérimentation de la vaccination antigrippale a été menée pendant deux ans au sein des pharmacies volontaires de quatre régions françaises afin de permettre une augmentation de la couverture vaccinale chez les personnes à risque. Le bilan de cette expérimentation s’est montré très positif et a ainsi permis l’élargissement de cette pratique au sein des pharmacies volontaires sur l’ensemble du territoire national en 2020. Cette thèse a pour but de relayer le retour d’expérience des pharmaciens d’officine de Bretagne ayant mis en place ce dispositif, mais également comment ce dernier a été instauré au sein de ces officines. Grâce à ce bilan, des précautions pour les prochaines campagnes de vaccination ainsi que des perspectives d’avenir ont été mentionnées
Published: 2020

48. Les troubles du sommeil dans l'enfance : état des connaissances chez les enfants présentant un trouble du spectre autistique et rôle du pharmacien d'officine dans la prise en charge

Author: Charbonnot, Eloïse, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Bastien Langrée
Subjects: MESH: Mélatonine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Troubles du sommeil -- Chez l'enfant, Pharmaciens, MESH: Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil -- Enfant, MESH: Pharmaciens, Troubles du spectre de l'autisme -- Chez l'enfant, MESH: Trouble du spectre autistique -- Enfant, Mélatonine
Abstract: Nombreux sont les patients à se rendre à l’officine, estimant qu’ils ne dorment pas bien. Le pharmacien adaptera son conseil selon que l’altération du sommeil surgit dans un contexte physiologique ou pathologique. Les enfants et adolescents souffrant de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) sont particulièrement sujets aux troubles du sommeil. En complément des indispensables mesures non pharmacologiques, la mélatonine détient un profil intéressant en termes d’efficacité et de tolérance. En 2018, le Slenyto®, nouvelle formulation de mélatonine, est le premier médicament à disposer d’une autorisation de mise sur le marché chez les sujets souffrant de TSA et de troubles du sommeil. La présente thèse vise à transmettre au pharmacien les rudiments nécessaires à la compréhension de la maladie, et à appréhender comment il peut, au sein du système de soin, apporter des pistes concrètes visant à améliorer le sommeil et le confort de vie des patient souffrant de TSA et de leur entourage.
Published: 2020

49. Impact du microbiote intestinal dans l'évolution de la sclérose en plaques

Author: Renou, Chloé, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Latifa Bousarghin
Subjects: Cerveau, MESH: Cerveau, MESH: Dysbiose, Dysbiose, MESH: Microbiote, MESH: Probiotiques -- usage thérapeutique, MESH: Sclérose en plaques, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Flore intestinale, MESH: Axe intestin-cerveau, Probiotiques, Sclérose en plaques
Abstract: La sclérose en plaques est une maladie neurodégénérative du système nerveux central. Comme son nom l’indique, elle est caractérisée par des plaques qui correspondent aux zones démyélinisées, responsables d’une altération de la conduction de l’influx nerveux. Son étiologie, encore mal connue, résulterait d’un ensemble de facteurs génétiques et environnementaux. Récemment,le rôle du microbiote intestinal dans la sclérose en plaques a été mis en évidence. Le lien entre le microbiote intestinal et le système nerveux est possible grâce à l’axe intestin-cerveau, qui permet une communication bidirectionnelle. Cette communication va être perturbée par la présence d’une dysbiose, avec une augmentation de l’abondance d’Akkermansia, Methanobrevibacter, Streptococcus et Bifidobacterium, et une diminution de Prevotella. Dans ce travail, nous avons regroupé les études les plus récentes, qui montrent un lien entre la dysbiose et l’impact dans la sclérose en plaques. Ces études ont montré le rôle du microbiote intestinal dans l’augmentation de l’inflammation, avec une augmentation des lymphocytes Th1 et Th17, et une diminution des lymphocytes Treg. Ces dernières années, des études font espérer de nouvelles perceptives thérapeutiques, par l’utilisation de probiotiques.
Published: 2020

50. Infections oculaires et rôle du pharmacien d'officine

Author: Briand, Anaïs, Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Sophie Potin
Subjects: Conseil à l'officine, MESH: Techniques d'aide à la décision, Collyres, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Services des pharmacies communautaires, MESH: Solutions ophtalmiques, Oeil -- Infections -- Thérapeutique, MESH: Infections de l'oeil -- traitement médicamenteux, Systèmes d'aide à la décision
Abstract: This work focuses on the role of dispensary pharmacists in the management of patients suffering from eye infections. As a healthcare professional for primary care, pharmacists are frequently called upon to provide guidance on eye infections. Infectious etiology, clinical picture and treatments of different eye infections are presented in the first part of the document. The second part exposes patient care charts containing algorithms for the management eye infections in order to help community pharmacists to refer patients to an ophtalmic consultation and/or to deliver the appropriate treatment and advices.; Ce travail s’intéresse au rôle du pharmacien d’officine dans la prise en charge des infections oculaires. En tant que professionnel de santé pour les soins de premier recours, il est fréquemment sollicité pour des demandes spontanées de conseils dans le cadre d’infections oculaires. Les étiologies, la clinique et les traitements des différentes infections oculaires sont présentées en première partie. La deuxième partie de ce travail a conduit à l’élaboration de fiches d’aide à la prise en charge de ses infections oculaires intégrant des algorithmes décisionnels dans le but d’aider les pharmaciens d’officine à orienter les patients vers une consultation ophtalmologique si nécessaire et/ou à délivrer le traitement ad hoc et les conseils associés.
Published: 2020

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