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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Northeastern Brazil has thousands of wetland fossiliferous deposits with megafauna and, in some cases, associated lithic artifacts. The timing of the arrival of humans in South America and the extinction of megafauna is still debated and these sites contribute both to this discussion and to the reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironment. Lagoa do Quari, 40 km south of São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí state, is a marsh deposit in the present semiarid caatinga environment, excavated by an interdisciplinary team in 2002–2003. This paper presents the archaeological, palaeontological, geological, chronological, stratigraphical and palynological results and their implications for the Quaternary of northeastern Brazil. The site has a rich megafaunal bonebed at the bottom, dominated by Eremotherium giant sloth remains with poor biodiversity, and a sandy-silty deposit at the top; two 14C dates constrain this latter layer to 9,944–9,557 and 6,308–6,177 cal. years BP and the associated rich lithic industry of quartz and chert shows a technical continuity throughout the Holocene in the region. Palynology describes an open landscape with periodic wet phases, which could explain the richness of the archaeological occurrences in Holocenic Brazilian prehistory. This study offers a model of interdisciplinary enquiry into the paleoenvironment and prehistory of lowland South America. Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Arqueológicas - Dep. Antropologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Piazza R. Bonghi 2 Fundação Museu do Homem Americano São Raimundo Nonato Laboratório de Palinologia/Ecologia—Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP) Fiocruz UFR Temps et Territoires Université Lumière Lyon-2 Université de Lyon Lares srl Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Société Scientifique du Bourbonnais Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

We present in this article the description of a bifacial point found in the municipality of Boa Ventura de Sao Roque, in the state of Parana, southern Brazil. Given that it is a piece of exceptiona...

The techno-functional approach has been employed to better understand one of the more relevant artifact types generally found in Lower Palaeolithic sites: so-called small tools. Particularly, some Italian sites, such as Ficoncella, Isernia and others, have been the subject of specialized studies which provide evidence of an unexpected complexity of technical behaviours mainly related to highly specialized functional properties of the small tools. In this paper, we aim to enhance the debate on the topic by presenting a techno-functional study of the entire lithic assemblage coming from one of the most renown Middle Pleistocene sites in southern Europe, the open-air site of Fontana Ranuccio (Central Italy). Five groups of retouched tools have been identified: cutting tools, where retouch is usually applied to isolate a cutting edge on the blank; pointed tools, where retouch isolates a pointed edge; scrapers; and few other types of retouched tools such as notches and denticulates. We discuss a reconstruction of the reduction sequence in association with the functional features of the produced stone tools in order to better understand these Middle Pleistocene hominin behaviours. Broadly speaking, retouch seems to be used as a real technical process, not distinguishable from the reduction sequence. What seems relevant here is the need to modify the original morphology of flakes and cores in order to shape them into the final objectives of the production. In this perspective, blank production (débitage) and tool shaping (façonnage) are tightly interconnected one on the other.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Wenner-Gren Foundation Recent discoveries constrain the presence of hominins in North Africa since ca. 2.4 Ma and in China since ca. 2.1 Ma, providing a new temporal framework for the earliest migration out of Africa. No Paleolithic sites of such age exist in the Levant, the natural corridor between Africa and Asia. The Dawqara Formation in the Zarqa Valley, Jordan, has been known since the early 1980s because of the presence of artifacts at different stratigraphic levels within its fluvial sediments, consisting of choppers, cores, and flakes. Although most of the artifacts display signs of transport, they bear unambiguous evidence of manufacture, and document hominin presence in the Zarqa Valley during the deposition of Dawqara Formation. Based on integrated chronology provided by paleomagnetic, 40Ar/39Ar, and U-Pb dating methods, our study shows that the Dawqara Formation was deposited between 2.52 ± 0.01 Ma and the Matuyama–Olduvai geomagnetic reversal (1.95 Ma). By linear interpolation, the artifact-bearing stratigraphic levels within the Dawqara Formation have ages of ca. 2.48 Ma, 2.24 Ma, 2.16 Ma, 2.06 Ma, and 1.95 Ma, respectively, possibly documenting continuous hominin presence in the Zarqa Valley. These new ages for the Dawqara assemblage constrain the earliest hominin dispersal out of Africa to the beginning of the Pleistocene, and pre-date by ca. 300 kyr the hominin occupation of Chinese Loess Plateau. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Departamento de Antropologia Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana Oregon State University Argon Geochronology Laboratory Goethe-University Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center (FIERCE) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Instituto de Estudos Avançados Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas FAPESP: 2013/22631-2 FAPESP: 2016/04809-7 CNPq: 302127/2015-1 Wenner-Gren Foundation: 8991

We present the study of a composite, yet continuous sedimentary succession covering the time interval spanning 2.6–0.36 Ma in the intramontane basin of Anagni (central Italy) through a dedicated borecore, field surveys, and the review of previous data at the three palaeontological and archaeological sites of Colle Marino, Coste San Giacomo and Fontana Ranuccio. By combining the magneto- and chronostratigraphic data with sedimentologic and biostratigraphic analysis, we describe the palaeogeographic and tectonic evolution of this region during this entire interval. In this time frame, starting from 0.8 Ma, the progressive shallowing and temporary emersion of the large lacustrine basins and alluvial plains created favorable conditions for early hominin occupation of the area, as attested by abundant tool industry occurrences and fossils. This study provides new constraints to better interpret the hominin migratory dynamics and the factors that influenced the location and spatial distribution during the early occupation of this region.

Les nouvelles recherches sedimentologiques et taphonomiques conduites sur le bloc‑temoin de l’abri de la Pedra Furada mettent en evidence la double origine du remplissage, provenant de la paroi greseuse et des niveaux conglomeratiques superieurs. Les donnees quantitatives et qualitatives concernant les chutes d’eau et le contenu archeologique du site, tant dans les niveaux pleistocenes que holocenes, demontrent l’absence de relation de causalite entre le talus de la chute d’eau orientale, l’outillage lithique et les structures archeologiques. Des similaritees technologiques ont ete observees et comparees entre les produits lithiques non intentionnels des singes actuels et ceux provenants des anciennes fouilles. La comparaison entre la masse des percuteurs utilises par les singes actuels et celle des galets de quartz utilises, retrouves dans les structures archeologiques, indique une evidente selection d’origine anthropique dans la disposition des structures, avec ou sans restes de combustion. Du fait de la similarite entre l’outillage des singes actuels et celui (suppose) humain dans le passe, une double archeologie anthropique et simienne est le seul moyen d’eclaircir la vraie nature de la presence humaine pre-Clovis en Amerique du Sud.

Most of the Middle Palaeolithic evidence of Central Italy still lacks a reliable chrono-cultural framework mainly due to research history. In this context Grotta dei Santi, a wide cave located on Monte Argentario, on the southern coast of Tuscany, is particularly relevant as it contains a very well preserved sequence including several Mousterian layers. Research carried out at this site in the last years (2007–2017) allowed for a preliminary estimation of its chronology based on a set of radiometric determinations which place the investigated sequence in the time interval between 50 and 40 ka BP. Alongside the chronological issue, this paper mainly focuses on the geoarchaeological and zooarchaeological (micro and macro fauna) studies carried out on the materials retrieved during the 2007–2014 excavation fieldworks. The results of these studies are consistent with those from the radiometric chronology. A state of art concerning the MIS3 Italian sites is also provided in order to highlight the key role Grotta dei Santi may play in the assessment of late Neandertals’ behaviour within the framework of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition of Central Italy.

Nationalism can manifest itself in different forms. It is not only closing the door to the other nations (autarchic policies). On the contrary, sometimes it exhibits as crazy expansion, combining autarchy and imperialism. Economic nationalism presents contradictions. Nowadays, in front of the experience of globalization, driven by the so-called “Washington consensus,” we do witness new projects coming from the PRC. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), formerly known as One Belt One Road (OBOR), is the most important economic policy for China in the 21st century and represents at the same time a new idea of globalization, based on cooperation instead of a sharp competition. On the other hand, countries located in and around this area have their own views regarding this program, positive and negative. This chapter attempts to provide a deep understanding of the economic nationalism concern through the BRI program.

Grotta dei Santi-GDS é um sítio préhistórico do Paleolítico Médio, situado na região da Toscana (Itália Central). Apresenta vestígios da ocupação neandertalense entre 50.000 e 40.000 anos antes do presente. Por sua importância no panorama paleolítico italiano, o Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente-Unità di Ricerca di Preistoria e Antropologia dell’Università di Siena (Itália), há mais de dez anos, conduz as pesquisas, escavações e ações de valorização patrimonial com a finalidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento neandertal na região e também valorizar um sítio que, por sua própria importância científica e localização, se apresenta como único em seu gênero. Neste capítulo, apresentamos o projeto desenvolvido no sítio GDS com foco numa gestão integrada do território.

A recent paper on Vale da Pedra Furada (VPF, Lahaye et al., this journal), a final Pleistocene archaeological site of Northeastern Brazil (VPF), while comparing to some other sites in the region, fails to refere to the very close rock-shelter of Boqueirao da Pedra Furada (BPF), the main reference, and controversial, site of lowland South America. Because I studied exhaustively this last, I provide some explanations both on stratigraphic, taphonomic and palaeoclimatic grounds, pointing to a more careful intra-site analysis of such a critical archaeological area. Both VPF and BPF are two parts of the same site: in fact, VPF correlates with the youngest Pleistocene layer of BPF, Pedra Furada 3 (26–18 cal ky BP) but also seems to fill the gap between the last millennia of final Pleistocene and the onsent of Holocenic conditions. A tight ressemblance of archaological features is underlined as long as analogies and differences regarding taphonomic analysis of the artifacts between the two sectors.

More than 500 km, from the Mediterranean coast to the Hammada al-Hamra, were surveyed in 2002–‘03 along the AGIP-Gas pipeline. Several morphological units were crossed: the Jefara, the Jebel Gharbi and the Hammada al-Hamra. This paper reports the location of more than 60 surface sites, with special attention to Lower and Middle Stone Age assemblages, by far the most represented periods. More than 6,500 lithic artifacts have been collected spanning from Mode 1 to the Late Stone Age. The survey was carried out on foot, along a narrow band of around 50 m width for 80 % of the pipeline, representing an extraordinary sample from the coast to the northern desert and, more extensively, in the Wafa area on the Hammada plateau, where stone quarries, fireplaces and important lithic scatters were documented. On the whole, the assemblages, compared with the main Stone Age sites of Northern Africa, seem older in the very southern sector, well into the Hammada, whereas sites on the Jebel cliff and immediately south are dominated by Middle and Late Stone Age cultural traits. The survey proved to be both a good tool for planning development projects and an important occasion for the study of a relevant region of Northern African prehistory.

Since the late 70s, the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian) site of Coste San Giacomo (Anagni Basin, central Italy) has been known amongst palaeontologists for its diverse vertebrate fauna. During the last 5 years, new excavations and the drilling of a 46-m-deep core have provided novel pieces of information. Palaeomagnetic data, pollen and small vertebrates analyses are presented here for the first time and combined with the updated list of the large vertebrates and ostracod analysis in a multidisciplinary perspective. Large and small mammals, pollen and ostracod analyses have allowed an integrated palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the sedimentary sequence, depicting the evolution of the alluvial plain in the surrounding landscape. Moreover, magnetostratigraphy, pollen and small mammal biochronological data have confirmed the position of the Coste San Giacomo Faunal Unit, focusing the possible age of the mammal assemblage around 2.1 Ma, in a reversed phase before the base of the Olduvai chron. In particular, the occurrence of the large vole Mimomys pliocaenicus has important biochronological significance. The Coste San Giacomo site offers a unique opportunity to investigate the faunal and environmental changes that occurred in Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene, coinciding with major climatic changes at a global scale. The occurrence of taxa such as Hippopotamus sp. in the assemblage provides evidence of early dispersal events of African taxa prior to the early Homo diffusion into Europe. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Résumé Deux découvertes récentes dans deux lagoas du Sud-Est du Piauí (Nordeste brésilien) nous permettent de décrire et de comparer deux hémimandibules de Megatheriidae de très petite taille. Nous attribuons l'une, de la Lagoa dos Porcos, à un individu très juvénile d'Eremotherium rusconii (Schaub, 1935), le grand Eremotherium bien connu en Amérique du Sud, et l'autre, de la Lagoa do Quari, à un individu adulte d'Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842). Ce faisant, nous confirmons l'idée, que nous avions émise dès 2000, que cette dernière espèce existe bien et n'a pas été définie, comme certains auteurs le pensent, à partir d'un individu juvénile du grand E.~rusconii. C'est la première fois qu'une mandibule de E.~laurillardi est décrite. La mandibule très juvénile de E.~rusconii publiée ici à titre de comparaison est, elle aussi, un spécimen peu fréquent. Two recent discoveries in two "lagoas" of southeastern Piauí (North East of Brazil) allow us to describe and compare two very small-sized hemimandibles of two Megatheriidae. We attribute the first one, from the Lagoa dos Porcos, to a very young specimen of Eremotherium rusconii (Schaub, 1935), the gigantic Eremotherium well known in South America. We determine the other one, from the Lagoa do Quari, as an adult specimen of the small Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842). We confirm hereby our idea, written in 2000, of the reality of the latter species, which was not defined, like many authors think, on a juvenile tooth of the large species. The mandible of E.~laurillardi is described for the first time. The mandible of the very young specimen of E.~rusconii is also a rare piece. Resumo Duas descobertas recentes em duas lagoas no Sudeste do Piauí (Nordeste do Brasil), permitem-nos descrever e comparar duas meias mandíbulas de Megatheriidae muito pequeno. Atribuímos uma a um jovem Eremotherium rusconii (Schaub, 1935), o grande Eremotherium, bem conhecido na América do Sul, e outra, a um indivíduo adulto de Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842). Ao fazê-la, confirmamos a idéia de que havíamos emitido em 2000, esta última espécie existe e ainda não foi definida, como alguns autores acreditam que, a partir de um indivíduo jovem do grande E.~rusconii. Esta é a primeira vez que uma mandíbula do E.~laurillardi é descrita. A mandíbula do muito jovem E.~rusconii publicado aqui para comparação também é um espécime pouco frequente.

Resume Parmi les nombreux bassins des Apennins, celui d’Anagni presente une grande richesse de gisements paleontologiques et archeologiques compris entre le Villafranchien moyen et le Pleistocene superieur. L’institut italien de paleontologie humaine y travaille depuis 30 ans. Dans le gisement de Costa San Giacomo, des sables jaunes contiennent une faune a Mastodon arvernensis et Elephas meridionalis . A Colle Marino, un niveau de travertin contient une industrie archaique, au-dessous des plus anciens produits volcaniques (dates a 700 000 ans). Les nouvelles fouilles a Fontana Ranuccio, gisement acheuleen date de 458 000 ans, ont mis au jour une faune a Elephas antiquus, Ursus deningeri, Bos primigenius, Dama clactoniana, Equus mosbachensis , une remarquable industrie en os et quatre dents humaines. La limite Matuyama-Brunhes a ete identifiee a 23 m au-dessous du niveau volcanique principal, dans une epaisse couche limnique.

Resume Les methodes de fouille du gisement paleontologique de Saint-Vallier sont presentees: il s'agit de methodes empruntees aux fouilles prehistoriques, avec reperage systematique des restes recueillis. Les techniques de dessin et de reperage sont discutees; la derniere, originale, est comparee au carroyage classique utilise dans la plupart des chantiers. Les techniques de preparation des fossiles utilisees, chimique et mecanique, sont illustrees, avec toutes les etapes necessaires pour le degagement des fossiles.

Resume Les nouvelles fouilles entreprises a Saint-Vallier de 1993 a 1999 ont montre que le site possede deux horizons fossiliferes, le plus important etant le niveau superieur de lœss durci LD 3 qui doit etre considere comme le niveau-type du Villafranchien moyen. Le niveau inferieur LD 2, beaucoup plus pauvre, se distingue surtout par la presence d'un Allohippus stenonis bien different de celui de LD 3. La liste faunique du gisement compte desormais six genres de mollusques, huit especes d'oiseaux et 42 especes de mammiferes dont trois insectivores, six rongeurs, deux lagomorphes, un primate, quinze carnivores, deux proboscidiens, quatre perissodactyles, neuf artiodactyles. quatorze taxons nouveaux pour le gisement ont ete decouverts: quatre Mollusques, un Oiseau, trois Insectivores, deux Rongeurs, deux Perissodactyles et deux Artiodactyles. Les pollens sont relativement rares, on y note la presence de cedres et de platanes. La communaute mammalienne temoigne d'un paysage en mosaique avec un melange de steppe et de zones boisees ouvertes, a proximite d'un corps d'eau, sous un climat relativement humide et pas particulierement froid. L'âge du niveau superieur est d'environ 2 Ma ; sa faune de mammiferes se caracterise par la presence de huit especes correspondant chacune a un stade evolutif dans une lignee connue, de deux associations caracteristiques, et par la premiere apparition de sept taxons. De nombreux gisements europeens possedent une faune comparable presentant tout ou partie de ces caracteres, leur âge correspond a la meme biozone MNQ 17.

The present work revisits the chronology of the archaeologically controversial Pedra Furada Rock Shelter of Southeast Piaui, Brazil, using an improved radiocarbon laboratory pre-treatment and measurements on charcoal samples. The procedure, known as ABOX-SC (acid–base–wet oxidation followed by stepped combustion), has previously been used to secure radiocarbon dates of >40 ka for the antiquity of human occupation of Australia and South Africa, and now has been applied to charcoal from the previously dated oldest occupation layer of the Pedra Furada site. Previous radiocarbon dating had obtained only lower limits of 40–45 ka BP for the Pedra Furada basal layer. Nine charcoal samples from well-structured hearths were subjected to the ABOX-SC procedure and their radiocarbon content determined by accelerator mass spectrometry. Measurements on five of the samples returned ages of greater than 56 ka BP, from graphites produced from ABOX pre-treated charcoal combusted at 910°C. Two other samples were greater than 50 ka BP. The remaining two samples were essentially completely combusted at 650°C, with no material surviving to make a 910°C CO 2 fraction. Their ages were 41.3 and 47.2 ka BP. Ages obtained from graphites generated from the 650°C combusted fraction are considered minimum ages.

Summary - Looking at Open Science and Open Data from a broad perspective. This is the idea behind “Scientific data sharing: an interdisciplinary workshop”, an initiative designed to foster dialogue between scholars from different scientific domains which was organized by the Istituto Italiano di Antropologia in Anagni, Italy, 2-4 September 2013.We here report summaries of the presentations and discussions at the meeting. They deal with four sets of issues: (i) setting a common framework, a general discussion of open data principles, values and opportunities; (ii) insights into scientific practices, a view of the way in which the open data movement is developing in a variety of scientific domains (biology, psychology, epidemiology and archaeology); (iii) a case study of human genomics, which was a trail-blazer in data sharing, and which encapsulates the tension that can occur between large-scale data sharing and one of the boundaries of openness, the protection of individual data; (iv) open science and the public, based on a round table discussion about the public communication of science and the societal implications of open science. There were three proposals for the planning of further interdisciplinary initiatives on open science. Firstly, there is a need to integrate top-down initiatives by governments, institutions and journals with bottom-up approaches from the scientific community. Secondly, more should be done to popularize the societal benefits of open science, not only in providing the evidence needed by citizens to draw their own conclusions on scientific issues that are of concern to them, but also explaining the direct benefits of data sharing in areas such as the control of infectious disease. Finally, introducing arguments from social sciences and humanities in the educational dissemination of open data may help students become more profoundly engaged with Open Science and look at science from a broader perspective

The Open Data philosophy has gained considerable momentum in recent years, both in society and the scientific community. The accessibility via web of open data from the public sector has remarkably increased in the last decade, although there are substantial differences among nations (http://datacatalogs.org/). The expectation of many citizens, organizations and pressure groups (the so called “open government” movement) is that the free release of data from public administrations may help increase government transparency and accountability. Reaching this target, however, is, without doubt, a complex task. Numbers should not only be easily discoverable and accessible to everyone, but also arranged in such a way as to make it possible to give a direct answer to simple but important questions (e.g. how economic resources coming from taxpayers are used), and in an available form that allows for further manipulation and mining. Plus, it is necessary to develop effective ways for informed citizens to collaborate with governments in order to have a real impact on public choices. Having gone through these steps, open data practices may actually help establish a connection between politics, bureaucracies and the public and, ultimately, achieve a truly participatory governance (Lathrop & Ruma, 2011).

The cave of Toca do Serrote do Artur (Sao Raimundo Nonato Archaeological Area, southeastern Piaui, Brazil) has yielded a Mammalian community constituted of Dasypus septemcinctus, Propraopus cf. sulcatus, Hoplophorus euphractus, Glyptodon clavipes, Conepatus sp., Panthera onca, Equus neogaeus, Dicotyles tajacu, Tayassu pecari, Palaeolama major, Mazama guazoubira, Mazama americana and a large Cervid. In comparison with the Mammalian fauna of the other sites from the same area, such a list shows a comparatively reduced biodiversity together with the presence of rare ( Hoplophorus, Conepatus ) or unknown ( Propraopus, Palaeolama major ) taxa. Explanation lies in the more recent age of the fossiliferous layers, probably Lower Holocene, as demonstrated by two 14 C dating of 8 490 ± 120 BP and 6 890 ± 60 BP of the highest one. Moreover, that fauna shows the late survival of some genera ( Propraopus, Hoplophorus, Glyptodon, Equus, Palaeolama ) together with climatic modifications related to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.

In this paper we propose a model of early constructional abilities of human and nonhuman Primates and show how the model applies to the data available in the relative literature, that we review. We also compare our model with primatological models of object combination and tool use. We finally consider what the archaeological record on structures allows us to hypothesize about the evolution of constructional abilities in the Homo species.

Recent prehistoric and palaeoanthropological debate is focusing new interest on the peopling of the Americas — an old and difficult research-case. Proponents of new sites need to submit their putative 'new and revolutionary' discoveries to a wider judgement, mainly contra sceptics and partisans of more conservative theories. Such a review is helpful, and we are grateful to our colleagues for their considered assessment of the evidence proposed in our Brazilian research. Nevertheless their view of the Pedra Furada evidence has gaps, misunderstandings and ambiguities.

Présentation de deux pièces retouchées obtenues sur plaquette de silex polie provenant du gisement de Shayyeh découvert récemment dans la vallée du Zarqa en Jordanie. Ce site date incontestablement du Yarmoukien. Les pièces, dont le processus de polissage était jusqu'alors inconnu, ont de grandes ressemblances morphologiques avec d'autres pièces provenant de sites de la même période.

Facies and ostracod analyses have been performed on a continental core drilled at Coste San Giacomo (Anagni, central Italy), where a middle Villafranchian faunal assemblage was first discovered in 1978. The core intercepted the palaeontological level and penetrated the underlying sedimentary succession, previously largely unknown, for a total sediment recovery of 40 m. In addition, new field surveys led to the discovery of Hippopotamus sp. remains at the faunal site, thus pre-dating the dispersal of this large ungulate into Europe to the middle Villafranchian. The new sedimentological and palaeoecological data allowed to define a palaeoenvironment mainly ascribable to an alluvial plain, characterized by a marsh evolving into a floodplain with overbank deposits and a sand-bed fluvial-channel. This scenario is supported by the reassessed Coste San Giacomo faunal assemblage, consistent with running and/or clear waters as well as prairies and grasslands, under mild climatic conditions.

ancient older than 48000 BP, were obtained from charcoals by three different laboratories. Three other sites were found in the same area in metamorphized limestones. Two of these yielded a very similar lithic assemblage associated with a rich and diversified fauna of about 50 taxa. In the third site three human remains were mixed with the megafauna. The fau- nal analysis shows an Upper Pleistocene age and suggests environmental conditions very different from the present, especially much more humid. As far as we know the Sâo Raimundo Nonato Archaeological Area constitutes the oldest testimony of Man in America, and is the starting point for the revision of current theories of the peopling of the Americas., RÉSUMÉ La Toca do Boqueirâo do Sitio da Pedra Furada, dans la région de Sâo Raimundo Nonato (Piaui, Brésil), présente un remplissage épais de 5 m avec trois niveaux pleistocenes et trois holocènes. L'acidité du sédiment n'a pas permis la conservation de fossiles mais plus de 7 000 artefacts, dont 600 paléolithiques, et environ 160 structures correspondant pour la plupart à des foyers y ont été découverts. Cinquante-quatre datations au radiocarbone, dont 32 pleistocenes, ont été réalisées par trois laboratoires différents à partir des charbons de bois ; la plus ancienne est supérieure à 48000 BP. Trois gisements karstiques situés à proximité ont livré une faune pleistocene riche d'une cinquantaine de taxons, variée mais homogène. Deux d'entre eux contiennent des artefacts lithiques, et dans le troisième trois restes humains étaient mêlés aux grands mammifères. La faune confirme l'âge paléolithique et suggère un environnement différent de l'actuel, en particulier beaucoup plus humide. Dans l'état actuel de nos connaissances, les hommes fossiles de l'aire archéologique de Sâo Raimundo Nonato apparaissent comme le plus ancien témoignage du peuplement humain de l'Amérique., Guidon Niède, Parenti Fabio, Da Luz Maria de Fatima, Guérin Claude, Faure Martine. Le plus ancien peuplement de l'Amérique : le Paléolithique du Nordeste brésilien. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 91, n°4-5, 1994. Le peuplement préhistorique de l'Amérique. pp. 246-250.

Questo contributo descrive sinteticamente l'evoluzione delle relazioni geoeconomiche tra Italia e Libia al fine di individuarne le implicazioni geopolitiche. Con questo obiettivo, l’articolo sottolinea l'effetto di alcune dinamiche internazionali e regionali (relative ai flussi monetari ed energetici) nella determinazione delle ragioni del riallineamento tra Italia e Libia e tra quest’ultima e altri importanti Paesi occidentali. Pertanto, da questa analisi il lettore puo capire che la relazione di dipendenza e/o isolamento, che ha per lungo tempo caratterizzato il paese libico, sta evolvendo in una forma completamente nuova. La Libia, cosi come altri paesi emergenti, e ora in grado di proporre e ottenere la stipulazione di accordi bilaterali equi, rifiutando, allo stesso tempo, ogni forma di"neocolonialismo".This contribution synthetically describes the evolution of the geoeconomic relations between Italy and Libya in order to single out the geopolitical significances. With this aim, the paper underlines the effect of some international and regional dynamics (regarding monetary and energy flows) on the determination of the real reasons of the realignment between Italy and Libya and between the latter and other important Western Countries. Therefore, from the analysis the reader can understand that the condition of dependence and/or isolation, which has for a long time compressed the Libyan country, is now evolving into a totally new form of relations. Libya, as well as other emerging countries, is now able to propose and obtain the stipulation of equal bilateral agreements, refusing, at the same time, any covered "neocolonialism".

Lithics of Lagoa da Pedra and the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Northeastern Brazil The issue of megafaunal extinction in Brazil and its association with cultural remains in several sites are discussed here from the viewpoint of Lagoa da Pedra, interior Pernambuco, Brazil. Excavations in 1993 and 1994 yielded a varied mammalian fauna and more than 600 lithic tools. The stratigraphy is exposed in relation with morphology and surface hydrology. Lithic industries are described and compared to the remains and sequence of reference-site of Pedra Furada (Piaui). Typologically, the industry points to the lower Holocene. Faunal remains are typical of an environment wetter than today's semi-arid bush. Relationship between faunas and industries is discussed with regard to recent hypothesis on palaeoclimate of Northeastern Brazil between final Pleistocene and Holocene., Le problème de l'extinction de la mégafaune au Brésil et de son association avec des vestiges culturels dans de nombreux gisements est examiné à partir du cas du site de la Lagoa da Pedra, dans le sertào du Pernambuco. Les fouilles de 1993 et 1994 ont mis en évidence une faune mammifère très riche et plus de 600 pièces lithiques. La stratigraphie du remplissage est examinée en relation avec la morphologie et l'écoulement de surface. Les industries sont décrites et comparées à celles du site-référence de Pedra Furada, État du Piaui. Malgré l'absence de dates directes, l'attribution chronologique des industries indique une période correspondant aux débuts de l'Holocène. La liste faunique est typique d'un milieu plus humide que la savane arbustive actuelle. L'association entre fossiles et industries est discutée en relation avec les hypothèses courantes sur le paléoclimat du Nordeste du Brésil au moment du passage du Pleistocene à l'Holocène., As industrias líticas do sítio paleontológico da Lagoa da Pedra (Pernambuco) e a transição Pleitoceno-Holoceno no Nordeste do Brasil О problema da extinção da megafauna no Brasil e de sua associação com vestígios culturais em jazidas é examinado a partir do sítio da Lagoa da Pedra, no sertão pernambuco. As escavações realizadas em 1993 e 1994 permitiram coletar uma fauna de mamíferos muita rica e mais de 600 peças de material lítico. A estratigrafia do depósito é estudada em relação à morfologia e à hidrologia atual. As indústrias são descritas e comparadas com aquelas do sítio de referência da Pedra Furada, no Piaui. Devido à falta de datações radiométricas, a ùnica possibilidade de atribuição cronológica é a tipologia das indústrias, que é tipica do Holoceno inferior. A fauna indica um ambiente mais úmido do que a caatinga atual. A associação entre indústrias e fauna é discutida em relação as hipóteses paleoclimáticas atuais sobre о Nordeste do Brasil., Parenti Fabio. Les industries lithiques du site paléontologique de la Lagoa da Pedra (Pernambuco) et le passage pléistocène-holocène dans le nordeste du Brésil. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 82, 1996. pp. 9-29.

International audience; The archaeological evidence of the Pedra Furada rock-shelter (northeastern Brazil), showing a long sequence of dated layers from 50,000 years b.p., was questioned in a paper presented by Meltzer, Adovasio & Dillehay, who visited the region at the end of 1993, in volume 68 of ANTIQUITY (1994). This paper presents the reply of the team directly involved in the research programme in this key area of American prehistory.

Dottarelli Roberto, Giardino Claudio, Moscetta Maria Paola, Parenti F., Sebastiani Renato, Veloci Giovanni, Vitagliano S. Perspectives dans l'environnement urbain : le cas romain. In: Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, n°24, été 1986. pp. 53-61.

A presente Tese pesquisa a ocupação paleoíndia do sítio Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu (UTM - 23K/19.606747; - 43.734819); sítio arqueológico do tipo abrigo sob rocha localizado no município de Taquaraçu de Minas, no Estado de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa teve como objetivo análise da indústria lítica do sítio supracitado e comparação com as indústrias líticas dos sítios Lapa do Santo e Lapa das Boleiras. A hipótese de pesquisa é de que o sítio Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu faz parte da mesma tradição cultural que os sítios Lapa do Santo e Lapa das Boleiras, que fazem parte do complexo arqueológico de Lagoa Santa (localizado a 20km do sítio Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu). Para isso, foram realizadas análises de dados gerais e análises de dados tecnológicos considerando a estratigrafia e a cronologia de quadras selecionadas em cada um dos sítios arqueológicos. Como resultado, foi possível observar que o sítio Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu foi ocupado entre 11750 e 8990 cal AP e 1240 e 950 cal AP, apresentando uma indústria lítica com alta produção de lascas majoritariamente de cristais de quartzo hialino. Os artefatos possuem características simples e sua tecnologia manteve-se praticamente inalterada durante quase 2760 anos já que houve um grande hiato de ocupação no sítio entre 8990 e 1240 cal AP), o que caracteriza forte persistência cultural. As características de assentamento e da indústria lítica do sítio Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu mostraram-se muito semelhantes às do sítio Lapa do Santo e Lapa das Boleiras, o que juntamente com os resultados de pesquisas zooarqueológicas realizadas em outra pesquisa validam a hipótese de pesquisa levantada nesta Tese. This Dissertation researches the Paleoindian occupation of the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site (UTM - 23K/19.606747; - 43.734819); an archaeological rock shelter site located in the Taquaraçu de Minas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of the research was to study lithic industrie at the above-mentioned site and compare it with lithics from the Lapa do Santo and Lapa das Boleiras sites. This research hypothesizes that the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site belongs to the same cultural tradition as the Lapa do Santo and Lapa das Boleiras sites, which are part of the Lagoa Santa arqueological complex (located 20km from the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site). Towards such ends, data and technical analysis were carried out, with respect to the stratigraphy and chronology of select sections of each of those archaeological sites. Thus, it was possible to observe that the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site was occupied between 11750 and d BP and 1240 and 950 BP, demonstrating lithic flake production of primarily hyaline quartz. The artifacts possess simple characteristics, which is likely why their technology remained practically unchanged for 2,760 years, especially considering no peoples occupied the site between 8990 and 1240 BP, suggesting strong cultural persistence. The characteristics of the lithic industrie of the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site show themselves to be very similar to those of the Lapa do Santo and Lapa das Boleira sites, which together with the results of zoo-arqueological studies carried out in other research, validate the hypothesis put forth in this Dissertation.\"