Search

Calibrachoa Cerv., Fabiana Ruiz & Pav., and Petunia Juss. form a clade within tribe Petunieae (Solanaceae). Phylogenetic studies of Petunieae, either as part of a family-wide analysis or focusing on the genera Calibrachoa and Petunia, have either left Fabiana unsampled or included only a single species. These studies have found conflicting relationships among the three genera with all three possible topologies obtained. Petunia patagonica (Speg.) Millán, originally described in the genus Nierembergia Ruiz & Pav., is morphologically distinct within Petunia and geographically disjunct from other members of the genus. For the first time, in this study we include multiple species of Fabiana, Calibrachoa, and Petunia, including P. patagonica. Using three chloroplast DNA regions and the nuclear gene GBSSI, or “waxy,” our results provide strong support for a sister group relationship between Calibrachoa and Fabiana and for the placement of P. patagonica within Fabiana. Since there is already a species Fabiana patagonica Speg., we provide the new name Fabiana australis Alaria nom. nov. to replace Petunia patagonica.

Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Inversodicraea pygmaea G. Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important Plant Areas approach.

BackgroundA long duration of untreated illness (DUI) is an unfavorable prognostic factor in anorexia nervosa and often associated with chronic illness progression. The FABIANA- checklist, developed using a qualitative multi-informant approach, includes factors influencing treatment initiation which are potentially modifiable and are mentioned as being relevant by patients with AN. The study focusses on the development and evaluation of the FABIANA-Checklist and aims at providing descriptive data on DUI in a German sample.MethodsAfter cognitive pretest and revision, dimensionality of the 18-item version of the FABIANA-checklist was tested by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For item validation we assessed support from social environment (FSozU), support in the health care system (PACIC-5A), illness perception and coping (BIPQ).ResultsWe included a sample of female patients (N=75), aged >14 years ( M = 21.4 years) with AN. Average BMI was 15.5 kg/m 2 , age of onset was 19.2 years and average DUI was 2.25 years. PCA yielded six components explaining 62.64% of the total variance. Overall internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α= .76) and construct validity was satisfactory for 14 items. Two consistent components emerged: primary care perceived as supportive and competent (23.33%) and emotional and practical support from relatives (9.98%). With regard to the other components, the heterogeneity of the items led to unsatisfactory internal consistency, single item loading and partly ambiguous interpretability. Analysis on item level indicated that practical and emotional support from the social environment seems to be particularly important for treatment initiation.ConclusionsThe FABIANA-checklist is a valid instrument to assess factors involved in the process of treatment initiation of patients with AN. Psychometrics and dimensionality testing suggests that experienced emotional and practical support from the primary health care system and close relatives are strongly involved factors. Nevertheless, the results point out that a differentiated consideration on item level is useful. To quantify the relative importance of the factors assessed and to derive recommendations on early-intervention approaches, the predictive effect of the FABIANA-items on the DUI will be determined in a subsequent study which will further include the perspective of relatives and primary caregivers in addition to the patient perspective.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03713541: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03713541

Fabiana Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae) is a South American genus, growing especially in arid mountainous areas. In Argentina, 10 species are present in the High Andean, Pre-Puna, Puna, and Monte biogeographical regions, in addition to Patagonia. In this chapter reference is made to four Fabiana species, F. punensis, F. patagonica, F. bryoides and F. densa. They are described as medicinal plants under the common names of “tola” or “tolilla”. Progress is reported regarding the scientific validation of medicinal properties, as well as the study of the chemical composition of these species. The potential as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotics agents from the hydroalcoholic or aqueous extracts from the aerial parts was described. Antioxidant and diuretic properties of infusions and essential oils was demonstrated. The safety of these preparations has also been demonstrated, although further in vivo studies would be necessary to fully demonstrate the safety of the extracts Presently, prolonged traditional use by local communities is still recognized to support their safe use. Studies are needed about the agronomic conditions for its cultivation so that these species could be used as raw material in phytotherapic and phytocosmetic preparations.

Parastrephia lucida, known as “romero”, “tola” o “t’hola”, “chachakoa”, “tola de rio”, “tola de agua”, is a medicinal plant found in large areas in the semi-arid Puna of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Peru. It is part of the landscape called “tolar”, with other species of Parastrephia, Baccharis, and Fabiana. The “tolares” have been a very important fuel sources and sometimes the only one available. Currently its use as firewood is limited for greater access. Although its resources are protected by both legal and police protection measures, still it is occasionally used as firewood. P. lucida is resistant to cold, high ultraviolet radiation, drought and salinity. Since ancient times, P. lucida is widely used as medicine by the local communities of the Puna region, mainly for dislocations, traumatism, pain, as anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, antibiotic, acaricide, among others. Progress has been made in the scientific validation of its medicinal properties and in the knowledge of the chemistry of this plant, demonstrating that hydroalcoholic extracts could be used as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, potent antibiotics, and acaricides. Furthermore, the infusion showed potent antioxidant capacity. No toxic, mutagenicor pro-mutagenic effects have been described. Although in vivo studies would be necessary to fully demonstrate the safety of the extracts, prolonged traditional use by local communities could support their safe to use locally. The use of native plant species from South America as an alternative to commercial plant species could have a positive impact on the economies of local communities.

Novel diterpenoids were isolated from the extracts of Fabiana densa var. ramulosa and found to display a selective activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains with negligible cytotoxicity toward human keratinocytes. This study highlighted the role played by the acidic group at C18 of the tetracyclic ent-beyerene scaffold for antibacterial effects and how the length and flexibility of the alkyl chain between the two carbonyl groups are crucial factors to increase the antimicrobial activity of the molecules, supporting the development of natural products from F. densa and their derivatives for treatment of microbial infections.

Aims: To identify shrubland types of the Bolivian Altiplano based on their floristic composition and on ecological factors. Location: Central and southern Bolivian Altiplano (Bolivia, central-western South America). Methods: Vascular plants were recorded in a field survey of 101 relevés (10 m2). Relevés were subjected to hierarchical agglomerative classification to define numerical vegetation groups. Classification techniques were based on the β-flexible linkage method (β = -0.25) with Sørensen distance. The highest crispness values defined the level of the main number of clusters identified. Diagnostic species were identified by means of the phi coefficient of fidelity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and a Z test were performed to assess the key ecological drivers of diversity in the Altiplano shrubland vegetation. Results: Based on numerical analyses of phytosociological relevés, our work proposes four vegetation types of shrublands in the dry central and southern Bolivian Altiplano. They correspond to the following: tolillares – thickets of Fabiana densa – of the central-southern Altiplano with Junellia seriphioides; tolillares of the central-northern Altiplano with Lobivia pentlandii; lampayares – thickets of Lampayo castellani – with Parastrephia quadrangularis; and tolares – thickets of Parastrephia sp. pl. – with Parastrephia lepidophylla and Junellia minima. The bioclimatic variables were the ones best explaining the distribution patterns of the shrubland vegetation in the dry Bolivian Altiplano. Specifically, they separate the tolillares of the central-northern Altiplano with Lobivia pentlandii – at localities with a higher annual precipitation, annual ombrothermic index, and ombrothermic index of the wettest quarter – from the tolillares of the central-southern Altiplano with Junellia seriphioides. These bioclimatic gradients also position lampayares at localities with a lower than average value of annual precipitation, annual ombrothermic index, and ombrothermic index of the wettest quarter. Significant differences were found when comparing the topographic position, the degree of soil drainage and the frequency of flooding between the vegetation of tolillares on the one hand, and the vegetation of lampayares and tolares, on the other. Lampayares were exclusively related to sandy soils. Conclusions: Our four groups characterize variation within the habitat and elucidate bioclimatic gradients and soil features with related habitats. This knowledge could provide basic information on the vulnerability of different Altiplano shrubland habitats to climatic fluctuations, as this area is highly vulnerable to extreme periods of drought associated with the regional effects of climate change as well as to anthropogenic factors. Taxonomic reference: Bolivia Catalogue (2014; http://www.tropicos.org/Project/BC). Syntaxonomic reference: Navarro (1993, 2002, 2011). Abbreviations: CCA = Canonical correspondence analysis; Io = annual ombrothermic index; Iod = ombrothermic index of the driest quarter; Iow = ombrothermic index of the wettest quarter; Tw = mean temperature of the wettest quarter.

Background Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are highly effective. However, compliance with treatment is influenced by patients’ perception of benefits versus risks. Understanding these perceptions and their influence on patients’ treatment decision-making is crucial for achieving compliance, especially during Covid-19 pandemic. Aim: to assess patients’ perception of risks of IBD exacerbation and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their influence on patients’ decisions regarding biologic and immunosuppressive treatments during Covid-19 pandemic in Israel. Methods A prospective internet-based survey among Meir Medical Center, IBD clinic patients. Results 116 patients have responded. Mean age 42 (18–84), 44 (38%) males, 75 (64%) Crohn’s disease, 38 (32%) ulcerative colitis, 34 (29%) with history of abdominal surgery, 47 (40%) were in remission and 9(7.5%) with severe disease. 18 (15%) patients were on Immunosuppressive and 76 (66%) on biologic treatments. Concerns of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection: 56 (48%) patients considered their risk as equal to that of the general population whereas 53 (46%) considered it to be increased. 55% of the patients related the increase risk of COVID-19 infection to their IBD treatment, whereas 47% related it to having IBD. Patients treated with biologics were more concerned of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 then those who were not. There was also a significant association between depression and anxiety levels and the fear of becoming infected (r= 0.3 for depression and 0.4 for anxiety). Adherence to IBD treatment: Only 8 (7.5%) patients considered stopping their IBD treatment, and only 4 (3.7%) patients actually stopped their treatment. Patients with more severe disease were more inclined to stop their treatment compared to those with mild disease. Reasons for not stopping treatment were fear of disease exacerbation in 37 (32%) patients, and reassuring information received from medical providers, in 25 (21.5%) patients. When faced with a theoretical question of trading long-term remission versus risk of SARS-CoV-2infection, 34 (29%) patients were willing to accept a 10% infection risk for a 10-year remission Conclusion Significant portion of the patients with IBD believe that they are at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, and more than half of them related the increase risk to their IBD treatment. However, despite their fear most patients felt safe enough to continue their treatment. Patients with more severe disease and treated with biologics experienced higher levels of anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 infection. Identifying and addressing these fears early might increase patient’s adherence to treatment and prevent the hazardous effects of discontinuation of treatment.

Depuis les annees 2000, l’opposition aux activites minieres a ciel ouvert s’est progressivement recentree autour de questions d’ordre environnemental, et plus precisement sur la problematique de la pollution des eaux. Mais comment, par quels chemins, ces pollutions sont, justement, devenues une « question » ? Dans quelle mesure les techniques d’extraction miniere de derniere generation ont-elles contribue a faire emerger de nouveaux acteurs politiques, tant humains que non-humains, tels que l...

The Afrotropical genus Abantis Hopffer, 1855 includes about 23 species so far, all quite rare. In Evans’ Catalogue of the African Hesperiidae only 14 species were listed but, apart from a few newly discovered ones, some of the subspecies indicated over there have subsequently been raised to species level, although they look very similar in facies with previously recognised taxa. This article shows the presence of an unrecognised species similar to A. lucretia Druce, 1909 in West Africa, namely A. fabiana sp. n., and another one similar to both A. contigua Evans, 1937 and A. elegantula Mabille, 1890 in Central Africa, namely A. torbeni sp. n. The rarity in collections of almost all forest-dwelling Abantis spp. is reported as connected to their habit of flying high in the forest canopy, but the authors have no conclusive evidence of it. Most Abantis are hill-toppers, mud lovers and are attracted by dead animals (fish and turtles), although some of them are also flower-visiting., Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. 48 No. 1 (2016)

How do things come to matter? When is smoke from a smelter recognized as pollution? How does the identification of a mountain as a sacred being galvanize political opposition to mining? How are pol...

Ethnopharmacological relevance Fabiana imbricata (Solanaceae) is a Patagonian medicinal plant with a long tradition of use. The aim of this review is to provide an integrative overview of the traditional uses, chemistry, bioactivity and chemical profiling of the crude drug. Materials and methods The information was collected from scientific databases searching with the keywords Fabiana imbricata, Fabiana species, Fabiana (Solanaceae) and includes local literature and books. Results The indications of use reported in literature show little variation from the data published as early as 1889. The chemical studies showed a rich diversity in metabolites including phenolics, coumarins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenes, alkaloids and sugars. Bioactivity studies supported the traditional use as diuretic and also the potential of the crude drug as a gastroprotective agent. The plant can be used as a source of compounds with effect on gastric ulcers and shows enzyme inhibitory activity. While the germination rate of the plant is very low, protocols were developed for the rapid in vitro propagation of the species. The toxicity of the crude drug extracts was low and did not show clastogenic effect in human lymphocytes. Further research is needed to disclose the potential of the F. imbricata sesquiterpenes on other relevant biological targets.

Este livro e o produto da pesquisa de mestrado e doutorado da antropologa Fabiana Li em dois lugares emblematicos na questao de conflitos mineiros no Peru: La Oroya no centro andino e Cajamarca ao norte dos Andes peruanos. O primeiro e um complexo metalurgico que funciona desde os inicios do seculo XX e que a partir de 1997 esta sob o comando da empresa americana Doe Run. O segundo e a cidade de Cajamarca, onde esta localizada a maior jazida de ouro da America do Sul, Yanacocha, operada pela ...

I would like to thank the book review editor, Taylor Nelms, and my counterpart in this exchange, Fabiana Li, for the opportunity to continue this discussion. Let me paraphrase and respond to the qu...

En este trabajo se aportan dos nuevos registros de Fabiana stephanii Hunz. & Barboza para la flora del Sur del Perú, incluyendo datos taxonómicos, biogeográficos y fitosociológicos. In this work, two new records of Fabiana stephanii Hunz. & Barboza for the flora of Southern Peru are reported, including taxonomical, biogeographical and phytosociological data on this species.

Traditional medicine provides strong guidance for scientific experiments involving plant products used by the Brazilian people. Thespecies “cipo-cravo” ( Tynnanthus fasciculatus ) is a plant commonly used either to combat indigestion and stomachaches, or as a generalstimulant and aphrodisiac. In this study, the effects of “cipo-cravo” infusion were investigated within the testicular parenchyma ofadult Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups: a control (distilled water) and two treated groups, which received the plantinfusion (100 and 200mg/animal/day). The 200mg dose promoted a significant increase of the testicular parenchyma weight and of thevolume and total length of the seminiferous tubules, as well as in total daily sperm production and sperm production per gram oftestis. Key terms : germ cell, Sertoli cell, sperm production, spermatogenesis. * Corresponding author. Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves de Melo. Federal University of Goias, Campus Jatai, BR 364, Km 192, no 3800 - Parque Industrial, Jatai (GO), Brazil,CEP: 75801-615 - Tel.: +55 64 3606-8290, E-mail: facrismelo@yahoo.com.brReceived: March 16, 2010. In revised form: October 16, 2010. Accepted: November 3, 2010.

La produccion de carbon vegetal a partir de arbustos lenosos es una de las principales amenazas para la vegetacion nativa en zonas aridas. En este trabajo se estima la produccion de carbon en la provincia de Huasco, al sur de la Region de Atacama, y se identifican las principales especies utilizadas en este proceso. Se detectaron 21 puntos de venta de carbon nativo en el area de estudio. En cada uno de ellos se recolectaron muestras del carbon comercializado, las que fueron posteriormente comparadas con muestras de referencia. Se realizaron 28 entrevistas a vendedores, productores de carbon nativo e informantes claves, para estimar el volumen de produccion anual. Se identificaron 4 sitios productivos en la zona de estudio, tres de ellos entre Vallenar y El Transito, y uno en Incahuasi-Tres Cruces. Se estimo para el ano 2007 una produccion total de carbon vegetal de 281 toneladas para la provincia de Huasco, lo que equivale a una extraccion anual de arbustos en un area de entre 573 y 1.112 hectareas. Los principales arbustos nativos utilizados corresponden a Fabiano imbricata (Solanaceae), Balsamocarpon brevifolium (Fabaceae) y Adesmia hystrix (Fabaceae).

Chromosome counts and karyotype information from 41 populations of 20 species and 6 varieties of Nicotianeae (Solanaceae) from South America belonging to Bouchetia Dunal (x = 8), Fabiana Ruiz & Pav. (x = 9), Leptoglossis Benth. (x = 10), Nierembergia Ruiz & Pav. (x = 8, 9), and Petunia Juss. (x = 7, 9) are given, including first reports from 14 taxa: F. densa Remy, N. ericoides Miers, and P. patagonica (Speg.) Millan, with 2n = 2x = 18, and N. browallioides Griseb., N. calycina Hook., N. graveolens A. St.-Hil., N. linariifolia Graham var. glabriuscula (Dunal) A. A. Cocucci & Hunz., var. pampeana (Millan) A. A. Cocucci & Hunz., and var. pinifolioides (Millan) A. A. Cocucci & Hunz., N. pulchella Miers var. pulchella and var. macrocalyx (Millan) A. A. Cocucci & Hunz., N. rivularis Miers, N. tucumanensis Millan, and N. veitchii Hook., with 2n = 2x = 16. All species studied are diploids, and most have 2n = 16. In addition, infraspecific polyploidy is recorded for the first time in ...

Jaqueline Silva Pereira, Milena B. Ferreira, Mariana Blanco Barato, Ericka Leticia Silva, Fabiana Fantinatti Ggarboggini, Valeria Maia Oliveira, Derlene Attili-Angelis.Support of the Brazilian Collection of Environmental and Industrial Microorganisms (Cbmai) for the Food Sector. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-039 Support of the Brazilian Collection of Environmental and Industrial Microorganisms (CBMAI) for the Food Sector

We studied the use of vegetation types by vicunas in the Laguna Blanca Reserve (Argentina) at the end of the dry season. For a coarse scale analysis, 521 vicunas were counted along 150 km of road crossing four different vegetation types. Vicunas avoided the open rocky areas, which were almost without vegetation, and the areas dominated by isolated shrubs of Acantholippia hastulata. They preferred the sparse vegetation dominated by Fabiana densa , Baccharis bolivianensis , and Adesmia horridiuscula , and they used the areas dominated by grasses (mainly Stipa sp.), and chamaephytes in proportion to availability. For a fine-scale analysis, we observed from a fixed point the vicunas using the area surrounding the ‘Laguna Blanca’ lagoon. Vicunas preferred the swamp areas with dense, green vegetation that surround the lagoon. We concluded that, even when this type of vegetation (called ‘vegas’ in Latin America) occupied a small proportion of the total area, it is an important habitat for the vicunas.

Fabiana (Solanaceae-Petunioideae) crece exclusivamente en América del Sur, comprende 15 especies, de las que siete crecen en Chile: Fabiana bryoides, Fabiana denudata, Fabiana imbricata, Fabiana ramulosa, Fabiana squamata, Fabiana stephanii y Fabiana viscosa, ésta última es la única especie endémica de Chile. Dos especies crecen en el sur de Perú, seis en Bolivia y diez en la Argentina; habitan en ambientes de las regiones Altoandina, Puna, Prepuna, Monte y Patagonia, llegando hasta la región subantártica chilena, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 4900 m s.m. Se las encuentra generalmente en suelos arenosos, rocosos, con muy bajos valores de fertilidad, escasa materia orgánica y de contenido salino variable. La floración de estas especies se produce en época estival y fructifican en verano-otoño. En climas muy fríos y de altura, la floración es temprana, desde octubre a diciembre mientras que en climas cálidos, la floración se extiende hasta principios de otoño. Este trabajo provee una clave para identificar especies chilenas, descripción morfológica, fotografías e ilustraciones de cada especie. Fabiana (Solanaceae-Petunioideae) grows exclusively in South America, comprising 15 species, seven of which grow in Chile: Fabiana bryoides, Fabiana denudata, Fabiana imbricata, Fabiana ramulosa, Fabiana squamata, Fabiana stephanii and Fabiana viscosa, the latter is the only species endemic to Chile. Two species grow in southern Peru, six in Bolivia and Argentina; habit environments Altoandina regions, Puna, Prepuna, Monte, Patagonia, reaching the Chilean Sub-Antarctic region, from sea level up to 4900 m s.m. They are usually found on sandy, rocky, with very low levels of fertility, low organic matter and salt content variable. The flowering of these species occurs in summer and fruit in summer-autumn. In extreme cold and high, early flowering is from October to December while in hot climates, flowering extends through early fall. This work provides a key to identify Chilean species, morphological description, photographs and illustrations of each species. Fil: Alaria, Alejandrina Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Peralta, Iris Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Aridas; Argentina

Se trata el género Fabiana. Se provee clave para las 10 especies que habitan en la Argentina, en las regiones altoandina, de la puna, prepuna, monte y en la patagonia. Se describen e ilustran las especies. Fil: Alaria, Alejandrina Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina Fil: Peralta, Iris Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina Fil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Chirlei Glienke1,*, Fabiana Tonial2, Josiane Gomes-Figueiredo1,2, Daiani Savi2, Vania Aparecida Vicente2, Beatriz H. L. N. Sales Maia3 and Yvelise Maria Possiede4 1Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 2Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 3Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Exatas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 4Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil

A biologically monitored fractionation of the resinous exudate of Fabiana densa Remy var. ramulosa Wedd, led to the isolation of the two new diterpenes: ent-beyer-15-en-18-O-succinate and ent-beyer-15-en-18-0-oxalate as the unique compounds responsible for the observed antibacterial activity of this extract. Their structures were determined by 1 D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

La producción de carbón vegetal a partir de arbustos leñosos es una de las principales amenazas para la vegetación nativa en zonas áridas. En este trabajo se estima la producción de carbón en la provincia de Huasco, al sur de la Región de Atacama, y se identifican las principales especies utilizadas en este proceso. Se detectaron 21 puntos de venta de carbón nativo en el área de estudio. En cada uno de ellos se recolectaron muestras del carbón comercializado, las que fueron posteriormente comparadas con muestras de referencia. Se realizaron 28 entrevistas a vendedores, productores de carbón nativo e informantes claves, para estimar el volumen de producción anual. Se identificaron 4 sitios productivos en la zona de estudio, tres de ellos entre Vallenar y El Tránsito, y uno en Incahuasi-Tres Cruces. Se estimó para el año 2007 una producción total de carbón vegetal de 281 toneladas para la provincia de Huasco, lo que equivale a una extracción anual de arbustos en un área de entre 573 y 1.112 hectáreas. Los principales arbustos nativos utilizados corresponden a Fabiano imbricata (Solanaceae), Balsamocarpon brevifolium (Fabaceae) y Adesmia hystrix (Fabaceae).

La producción de carbón vegetal a partir de arbustos leñosos es una de las principales amenazas para la vegetación nativa en zonas áridas. En este trabajo se estima la producción de carbón en la provincia de Huasco, al sur de la Región de Atacama, y se identifican las principales especies utilizadas en este proceso. Se detectaron 21 puntos de venta de carbón nativo en el área de estudio. En cada uno de ellos se recolectaron muestras del carbón comercializado, las que fueron posteriormente comparadas con muestras de referencia. Se realizaron 28 entrevistas a vendedores, productores de carbón nativo e informantes claves, para estimar el volumen de producción anual. Se identificaron 4 sitios productivos en la zona de estudio, tres de ellos entre Vallenar y El Tránsito, y uno en Incahuasi-Tres Cruces. Se estimó para el año 2007 una producción total de carbón vegetal de 281 toneladas para la provincia de Huasco, lo que equivale a una extracción anual de arbustos en un área de entre 573 y 1.112 hectáreas. Los principales arbustos nativos utilizados corresponden a Fabiano imbricata (Solanaceae), Balsamocarpon brevifolium (Fabaceae) y Adesmia hystrix (Fabaceae). Charcoal production from woody shrubs is one of the main threats to native vegetation in arid zones. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the production of charcoal produced in Huasco province, southern of Atacama Región, and to identify the main species used in this process. Twenty one points of sale of native charcoal were detected in the study área. In each point, samples of the commercialized charcoal were collected and subsequently compared with reference samples. Twenty eight sellers, charcoal producers, and key informants were interviewed to estimate the volume of annual production. Four places of production were identified in the study área, three of them between Vallenar and El Tránsito, and one of them in Incahuasi-Tres Cruces. For 2007, a total production of 281 tons of charcoal was estimated in Huasco province, which is equivalent to an annual extraction of shrubs between 573 y 1,112 hectares. The main native shrubs used for the production of charcoal are Fabiana imbricata (Solanaceae), Balsamocarpon brevifolium (Fabaceae) and Adesmia hystrix (Fabaceae).

Aim: The plant species reported here are traditionally used in the "Puna" or "Altiplano" of Argentina for ailments related to bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate their antimicrobial properties against a panel of sensitive and multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Materials and methods: The antimicrobial activity of tinctures and aqueous extracts (Baccharis boliviensis, Chiliotrichiopsis keidelii, Chuquiraga atacamensis, Fabiana bryoides, Fabiana densa, Fabiana punensis, Frankenia triandra, Parastrephia lucida, Parastrephia lepidophylla, Parastrephia phyliciformis, Tetraglochin cristatum) was determined using the agar macrodilution and broth microdilution methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS). The antibiotic resistant clinical strains were isolated from nosocomial infection in human lesions of skin and soft parts. Results: The ethanolic extracts of 11 plant species inhibited the growth of one or more of the following strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ethanol extracts (tinctures) of aerial parts of Baccharis, Fabiana and Parastrephia showed the highest levels of antibacterial activity on methicillin, oxacillin and gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus with MIC values from 20 to 150 μg/ml. Baccharis boliviensis and Fabiana bryoides were more active than the other plant species on Enterococcus faecalis with different phenotype. The most interesting activity on multi-resistant Gram-negative strains was obtained from Chuquiraga atacamensis. Parastrephia species showed activity against Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger activity and broader spectrum of action than aqueous extracts. The extracts were bactericidal in most cases. Conclusions: The presence of antibacterial activity in Puna plant extracts against multi-resistant bacteria give support to their traditional use for treating conditions associated with microorganisms in humans and animals and consequently seems promising for the treatment of multi-resistant bacteria. Fil: Zampini, Iris Catiana. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Estudios Vegetales. Cátedra de Fitoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Cuello, Ana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Alberto, Maria Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Ordóñez, Roxana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.naturales E Instituto Miguel Lillo. Cátedra de Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Estudios Vegetales. Cátedra de Fitoquímica; Argentina Fil: D'almeida, Romina Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Solórzano, Eliana Rita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Isla, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.naturales E Instituto Miguel Lillo. Cátedra de Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Estudios Vegetales. Cátedra de Fitoquímica; Argentina

A novel seco-amorphane sesquiterene incorporating a fully saturared furo[2,3 d]1,3-dioxole system was isolated from the aerial parts of Fabiana imbricata.Such functionality is unique within the sesquiterpene family, but does have one close relative in artemisinin (the antimalarial principle from Artemisia annua), which contains a saturated pyrano[3,2-e]1,2,4-trioxin system. The structure of fabianane [1] was elucidated by nmr spectroscopy and confirmed by comparison with nmr data for artemisinin

The Human Sustainable City, edited by Luigi Fusco Girard, Bruno Forte, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro and Fabiana Forte. Ashgate, 2003. 588pp. ISBN 0-7546-0945-6

SummaryFabianiaSilvestri, a morphologically distinctive larger foraminifer, is circum-global in distribution and is reported to be almost equally abundant in the three marine Tertiary provinces, Tethyan, Indo-Pacific and Caribbean-American. The genus is reported to range from Upper Palaeocene to the top of the Eocene. During the mid-late EoceneFabianiaseems to have been represented by three species,F. cassis(Oppenheim),F. cubensis(Cole & Bermudez) andF. saipanensisCole. In the Indian subcontinent it is known only from eastern India, where it is represented byF. cassisandF. saipanensis. F. indicaNagappa is here regarded as a junior synonym ofF. saipanensisCole.F. cassisis reported for the first time from India. In eastern India,Fabianiais found to be restricted to the middle to upper part of the Middle Eocene.

Petunia patagonica is restricted to the Patagonian region of Argentina and its identity is controversial. The species was described in the genus Nierembergia , and subsequently transferred to the genus Petunia . However, several morphological characteristics of P. patagonica as well as its geographical distribution differ from other Petunia species, and it has been repeatedly considered an exception in the genus. Using one nuclear and two cpDNA markers for 22 species representing seven genera of the tribe Petunieae, we analyzed phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence to clarify the phylogenetic position of P. patagonica . Our results suggest that P. patagonica is not a member of the genus Petunia and is closer to Fabiana imbricata. In addition, Calibrachoa appears basal within the Petunia , Calibrachoa , and Fabiana clades, and Fabiana and Petunia are sister genera. This result led us to reconstruct an ancestral region for this clade within the subtropical grasslands of South America. Subsequent dispersion to the Patagonian and Andean regions was inferred in the divergence of Fabiana and P. patagonica . Our work suggests a need for more studies towards a new generic placement. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the origin of the Calibrachoa , Fabiana and Petunia lineages was located in the subtropical grasslands of South America, and the colonization of the Andes and Patagonia seems to be divergent and was achieved only for species belonging to the Fabiana and P. patagonica clades.