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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Rupture of distal biceps has a frequency of 1.2 cases per 100,000 population. Conservative treatment presents a loss in supination of 40% and flexion of 30%, like transfers to the brachialis. Our goal is to review our experience with anatomical reattachment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cohorts study. We analized an historic cohort, although recent, treated with double approach (Boyd-Anderson) compared to another prospective cohort (treated with single and double approach). Sample size of 80 patients. Mean age of 48.9 ± 5.9 years. We analyzed laterality, time to diagnosis, presurgery time, surgery time, approach, type of reintegration, rehabilitation time, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), biomechanical study and complications. Follow up from 2 years to 7 years. RESULTS Time for diagnosis was about 4 days. Preoperative time: 12.2 ± 6.4 days. Surgical time: 61.9 ± 15.7 min. We used the two-way surgical approach (Boyd-Anderson-Morrey) in 78.8% of patients, and the anterior surgical approach (Henry) in 21.2% of cases. Transosseous reinsertion was made in 45% of cases, with screw anchor in 40% and with cortical button in 15%. Rehabilitation time: 91 ± 29.7 days. MEPS: 88 ± 11.7 points. There was loss of flexor strength of 28 ± 16.6%. COMPLICATIONS 1 case of proximal radioulnar synostosis, 2 radial transient paralysis and 5 cases with residual stiffness. Hypothesis contrast: We reached best results in MEPS with double surgical approach (P = .009), with fewer complications (P = .008). We observed increased pain with cortical buttons (P

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La rotura de bíceps distal tiene una frecuencia de 1,2 casos por 100.000 habitantes. El tratamiento conservador supone un detrimento supinador del 40% y flexor del 30%, al igual que las transferencias al braquial. Nuestro objetivo es revisar nuestra experiencia con la reinserción anatómica. Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo de cohortes, entre una cohorte histórica, aunque reciente, en la que se aplicó doble abordaje, o de Boyd-Anderson, frente a una cohorte prospectiva donde se aplicó abordaje simple y doble. Tamaño muestral de 80 pacientes. Edad media de 48,9 ± 5,9 años. Analizamos lateralidad, tiempos para diagnóstico, prequirúrgico, quirúrgico, tipo de vía, tipo de reinserción, tiempo de rehabilitación, escala Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), estudio biomecánico y complicaciones. Seguimiento mínimo en 2 años y máximo en 7 años. Resultados: Tiempo para el diagnóstico, con mediana de 4 días. Tiempo prequirúrgico: 12,2 ± 6,4 días. Tiempo quirúrgico: 61,9 ± 15,7 min. Doble vía (Boyd-Anderson-Morrey) en el 78,8%, vía única (Henry) en el 21,2%. Reinserción transósea (45%), con anclaje roscado (40%) y con botón cortical (15%). Tiempo rehabilitador: 91 ± 29,7 días. MEPS: 88 ± 11,7 puntos. Déficit de fuerza flexora final del 28 ± 16,6%. Complicaciones: 1 caso de sinostosis radiocubital proximal, 2 neuroapraxias radiales y 5 casos con rigidez residual. Contraste de hipótesis: mejor resultado MEPS para doble vía (p = 0,009), con menos complicaciones (p = 0,008). Mayor dolor con botones corticales (p

Resumen Introduccion Las fracturas de cabeza radial representan el 33-75% de las fracturas del codo (30 casos/100.000 habitantes/ano). La «triada terrible de Hotchkiss» se caracteriza por fractura de cupula radial, coronoides y luxacion del codo. Nuestro objetivo principal es comparar los resultados segun el tipo de protesis utilizada en el contexto de la triada. Material y metodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Tamano muestral de 47 pacientes. Variables analizadas: filiacion, clasificacion de Mason, aspectos quirurgicos (demora, tiempo quirurgico, tipo de protesis, reintervenciones), tiempo rehabilitador, causas de fracaso protesico, complicaciones, hallazgos radiologicos (segun Van-Riet), zonas de aflojamiento (Popovic), escalas MEPS y Cassebaum. Se realizo un estudio intergrupal entre los tipos protesicos monopolar y bipolar, para ver los resultados obtenidos. Resultados Edad media: 43,5 ± 8,9 anos. El 72,7% de profesionales de grandes esfuerzos. La fractura Mason IV aparecio en todos los casos y la tipo i de Regan y Morrey para coronoides (42,6%); 22 protesis bipolares y 25 protesis monopolares. Tiempo de intervencion: 112,3 ± 59,1 min. Fijacion externa en el 6,4%. MEPS final: 85,9 ± 15 puntos. Tiempo rehabilitador: 4,7 ± 2,5 meses. Alta por mejoria: 76,6%. Cassebaum bueno-excelente en el 74,5%. Hubo 3 casos de movilizacion protesica, 29,8% de osificaciones heterotopicas y sobredimensionado en el 15,2%. En el estudio intergrupal, objetivamos que con protesis monopolares hubo menor tiempo quirurgico (p = 0,006), menores reintervenciones (p = 0,05), menor rigidez (p = 0,04), osificacion heterotopica (p = 0,004) o aflojamiento protesico (p = 0,005), sin influir en escala MEPS (p = 0,44). Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos en triadas terribles con protesis en nuestra experiencia son favorables. El tipo protesico si influye, ya que el tiempo quirurgico para la implantacion de una protesis monopolar fue menor, aunque el tiempo de rehabilitacion fue algo mayor. Con las protesis bipolares se requirio mas la fijacion externa, siendo tambien mayor la tasa de reintervenciones, rigidez, movilizacion protesica, osificacion heterotopica y aflojamiento protesico. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre ambos tipos protesicos en cuanto a resultados clinicos, ya fuera MEPS o Cassebaum.

Introduction Radial head fractures represent 33–75% of elbow fractures (30 cases/100,000 population/year). "Terrible Triad’s Hotchkiss" is characterised by radial head fracture, coronoid fracture and elbow dislocation. Our principal goal is to compare our results on each type of prosthesis in the context of the triad. Material and methods We conducted an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Sample size was 47 patients. Variables analysed were affiliation, Mason’s classification, surgical aspects (moment of surgery, surgical time, prosthesis type, re-surgery), rehabilitation time, causes of prosthetic failure, complications, radiographic findings (according to Van Riet), Popovic’s loosening areas, M.E.P.S. and Cassebaum’s scales. We performed an inter-group study, on patients treated with monopolar or bipolar prosthesis, in order to see results. Results Average age was 43.5 ± 8.9 years. 72.7% were in highly demanding jobs. Mason’s fracture type IV appeared in all the cases and Regan-Morrey’s type I was the most frequent coronoid fracture (42.6%). There were 22 bipolar prosthesis and 25 monopolar prosthesis. Surgery time was about 112.3 ± 59.1 min. External fixation was used in 6.4%. M.E.P.S. final: 85.9 ± 15 points. Rehabilitation time was about 4.7 ± 2.5 months. Of the patients, 76.6% returned to work. Cassebaum’s results were good-excellent in 74.5% of patients. There were 3 cases of prosthetic mobilization. Heterotopic ossification appeared in 29.8% of cases and 15.2% presented overstuffing. With regard to the inter-group study, we observed that there was less surgical time with monopolar prosthesis (p = .006), fewer second look surgeries (p = .05), less stiffness (p = .04), less heterotopic ossification (p = .004) and septic loosening (p = .005), without any influence on M.E.P.S. (p = .44). Conclusions Results obtained in terrible triads with prostheses in our experience are good. Prosthetic type influences results, because surgical time for implantation of a monopolar prosthesis was less than for a bipolar one, although rehabilitation time was longer. With bipolar prostheses, external fixation was required, with a higher rate of reinterventions, stiffness, prosthetic mobilization, heterotopic ossification and prosthetic loosening. However, there were no differences between the two prosthetic types in terms of clinical results, like M.E.P.S. or Cassebaum scores.

The magnetic behavior of the strontium hexaferrite (SrM) with foam structure was studied when copper (Cu) coats its surface. Copper was successfully deposited on the walls of the magnetic foam using the electrodeposition method. Results suggest that copper begins to nucleate on the hexaferrite grains because of a two steps process; the one based on a driving force of the Cu ions by the effect of the electric field, and secondly, the deposition of copper atoms on the non-conductive SrM surface. The SrM and Cu show a hard interaction which modifies the magnetic properties of the SrM foam as copper covers its surface. Hence, the coercive field (Hc) and the magnetization squareness (Mr/Ms) have a trend to increase up to a Cu/SrM weight ratio close to 0.5. The dM/dH, M curves (SFD) indicate the presence of two uncoupled magnetic contributions. The copper fixes the magnetic moments of iron at the surface increasing the switching field these particles, whereas in the inner particles the magnetization rotates easily resulting in a widening of the SFD curve.

En este trabajo se estudió el efecto que se produce al incrustar de manera ordenada nanopartículas magnéticas en una matriz de nanofibras poliméricas. Las nanopartículas magnéticas se fabricaron de hexaferrita de estroncio y fueron obtenidas usando el método de Pechini. En tanto que el material compuesto, basado en nanofibras de alcohol polivinílico (PVA) y nanopartículas de hexaferrita de estroncio embebidas en su interior, fue fabricado usando la técnica de electrospinning. Se analizaron las propiedades magnéticas, estructurales y microestructurales del material compuesto y se determinó que existe una relación entre la disposición de las nanopartículas con el incremento en la magnetización observada en el material compuesto. La caracterización de las muestras se realizó usando microscopía electrónica de transmisión, microscopía electrónica de barrido, microscopía de fuerza atómica, magnetometría de muestra vibrante y difracción de rayos X. Los resultados muestran la obtención de nanopartículas de hexaferrita de estroncio con ~4 nm de diámetro y nanofibras de alcohol polivinílico de ~170 nm de diámetro en promedio. Las nanopartículas de hexaferrita de estroncio, al encontrarse justo por encima de su límite superparamagnético, presentan un comportamiento tipo ferromagnético. La distribución y ordenamiento de las nanopartículas en las nanofibras de PVA minimizan efectos magnetostáticos e inducen un considerable incremento en las propiedades magnéticas del sistema.

With this study we intend to relate the cutting conditions and the tool wear with the shearing forces appeared and the phenomenon of the delamination when we mechanized composite materials reinforced with carbon fiber (CFRP). In this case, we will focus on the drilling operation, because the most used to join pieces of these materials are usually screws and rivets, and drilling is necessary.

Accelerator mass spectrometry and benzene synthesis coupled with liquid scintillation spectrometry are often used for accurate measurements of 14C activity in the environmental matrices. Thermal oxidation is one of the methods employed for 14C determination in environmental matrices. In this method, the sample is oxidised at high temperature (600–900 °C) to convert carbon species to CO2 and trapped in an amine-based absorber for determining the activity in a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system. In this study, the performance of a commercially available tube furnace system (pyrolyser), for batch combustion of samples, was evaluated for the determination of 14C specific activity in terrestrial biota samples. Significant improvements over the manufacturer specified method, which is primarily designed for analysis of samples with activity well above the environmental background level, was implemented to achieve accurate determination of 14C specific activity at ambient background level. In the improved method, the CO2 produced from the combustion of the sample was isolated from the combustion products through cryogenic trapping and then absorbed in the absorber (Carbo-Sorb E) through a simple off-line transfer process. This allowed (i) optimisation of CO2 absorption by the absorber (2.2477 g of CO2/10 mL), (ii) achieving good accuracy and precision in the measurements, and a minimum detectable activity value of 13 Bq kg−1C for a counting time of 300 min (7 Bq kg−1C for 1000 min), (iii) avoiding uncertainty associated with the determination of recovery of 14C in the combustion and trapping process, and (iv) elimination of the need for an independent determination of carbon content (%) for expressing the results in terms of 14C specific activity. The method is capable of yielding accurate results with a deviation of, The authors would like to thank the Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS, DAE, Govt. of India, for funding the research programme (BRNS sanction no. 2013/36/22-BRNS/3341 dated 18.03.2014). The authors would like to thank Shri. H. S. Kushwaha, Outstanding Scientist, BARC, Mumbai, and Dr. D Roy, Programme Officer, BRNS for their comments and suggestions. Thanks are due to Sri B N Dileep, Officer-in-charge, Environmental Survey Laboratory, and many officials and scientists of Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga for extending logistical support for this study. Thanks are due to Dr Reshmi T.R and Dr Sudeesh, Isotope Hydrology Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, Kerala for isotope ratio measurements.

Introduction and objectives Rotator cuff re-ruptures appear in 38–65% of cases. In order to reduce this rate, many studies have been performed using different types of biomaterial for purely mechanical aims (re-inforce the suture) and/or biological agents (growth factor transporterts). The aim of this study is to review 22 cases treated with xenografts and analyse various current alternatives. Materials and methods A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted using the variables of age, sex, laterality, time of surgery, involvement in MRI, number of anchors, and final mobility results on the Constant and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) validated scales. Results The study included 22 patients, with a mean age of 51.7 ± 4.6 years. A mean of 2 anchors were used and 13 patients were treated with a porcine intestinal submucosa implant, 6 with equine pericardium, and 3 with porcine dermis. Final results were: 37.6 ± 13 points for the Constant test, and 16.9 ± 3.9 points on the UCLA scale. The follow up was 36 ± 10.2 months. Conclusions In our experience, xenografts could provide good functional results and they would be a surgical alternative to tendon transfers in cases of massive tears. Further studies should be conducted with other biomaterials.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La rerrotura del manguito rotador aparece en un 38-65% de los casos. Con el fin de disminuir esta tasa se han realizado multiples estudios que emplean diferentes tipos de biomateriales con fines puramente mecanicos (reforzar la sutura) o biologicos (transportadores de factores de crecimiento). Nuestro objetivo es revisar 22 casos tratados mediante xenoinjertos, asi como analizar las diversas alternativas actuales. Material y metodo Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo donde consideramos edad, sexo, lateralidad, tiempos de intervencion, afectacion en RNM, numero de anclajes empleados y resultados de movilidad final en las escalas de Constant y de la Universidad de California Los Angeles (UCLA). Resultados Se observo a 22 pacientes, con una edad media de 51,7 ± 4,6 anos, en los que utilizamos una media de 2 anclajes. De ellos, 13 pacientes fueron tratados con parches de submucosa intestinal porcina, 6 con pericardio equino y 3 con dermis porcina. Los resultados finales fueron de 37,6 ± 13 puntos para el test de Constant frente a los 16,9 ± 3,9 puntos para el test UCLA. Seguimiento de 36 ± 10,2 meses. Conclusiones En nuestra experiencia, los xenoinjertos proporcionan unos resultados funcionales aceptables para manguitos cuya sutura haya resultado ineficaz y son una alternativa a las transferencias tendinosas en casos de roturas masivas. Se precisan mas estudios con otros tipos de biomateriales.

A three-dimensional measurement system has been set up. The digital models have been obtained using a webcam and structured light. After this, a software for measuring the digital geometries has been applied. In order to validate the digital models, the workpiece has been measured in a Laboratory of Metrology by means of a Coordinate Measuring Machine. While digital models can be obtained from multiple scan system configurations, not all of them get the same degree of accuracy. After analyzing the results, it can be determined the best condition for obtaining the digital model so that discrepancies between measurements and corresponding digital model of the workpiece are minimized. Also, it has been estimated a value of measurement uncertainty for each of the models studied.

This paper presents the study of the magnetic properties exhibited by a highly porous strontium ferrite with a copper metal cover. The analyzed samples consisted of a mix of the M − and X-type ferrimagnetic phases. The characterization included optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Rietveld refinement method. Microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties were studied at different amounts of electrodeposited copper. Results show the emergence of strong ferrimagnetic coupling between the M and the X phases, whereas the copper layer enhances the squareness remanence (Mr/Ms). A reduction in the width of the switching field distribution (SFD) curves observed in the porous structures indicates an intense competition between the exchange and magnetostatic interactions, which results in the emergence of a cooperative switching of the particles. This interesting phenomenon is a product of a conjunction of the porous structure together with the ferrimagnetic coupling of the ferrimagnetic phases.

There are very few data available of 236U in marine sediment cores. In this study we present the results from the first oceanic depth profile of 236U in a sediment core sampled in the North Atlantic Ocean, at the PAP site (4500 m depth, Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) site, 49°0′ N, 16°30′ W). Additionally, the sediment core was radiologically characterized through the measurement of anthropogenic 137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu, 129I and 14C and natural 210Pb, 40K and 226Ra. The measured 236U concentrations decrease from about 90·106 at g−1 at the seafloor down to 0.5·106 at g−1 at 6 cm depth. They are several orders of magnitude lower than the reported values for soils from the Northern Hemisphere solely influenced by global fallout (i.e. from 2700·106 to 7500·106 at g−1). 236U/238U atom ratios measured are at least three orders of magnitude above the estimated level for the naturally occurring dissolved uranium. The obtained inventories are 1·1012 at m−2 for 236U, 80 Bq m−2 for 137Cs, 45 Bq m−2 for 239+240Pu and 2.6·1012 at m−2 for 129I. Atomic ratios for 236U/239Pu, 137Cs/236U and 129I/236U, obtained from the inventories are 0.036, 0.11 and 2.5 respectively. Concentration profiles show mobilization probably due to bioturbation from the abundant detritivore holothurian species living at the PAP site sea-floor. The range of 236U, 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 129I values, inventories and ratios of these anthropogenic radionuclides are more similar to the values due to fall-out than values from a contribution from the Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants dispersed to the south-west of the North Atlantic Ocean. However, signs of an additional source are detected and might be associated to the nuclear wastes dumped on the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean., This work was partly supported by Spanish MINECO research project No. FIS2015-69673-P.

Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Resumen Objetivos Las indicaciones de artroplastia de cupula radial son esencialmente fracturas complejas con dano ligamentoso (medial, lateral o Essex-Lopresti), y/o asoaciadas a danos oseos (coronoides u olecranon). Nuestro objetivo es revisar nuestra experiencia con la utilizacion de protesis de cabeza del radio en un contexto traumatico. Material y metodo Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, con seguimiento de 1-11 anos. El grupo de estudio tuvo un tamano muestral de 82 pacientes, con una edad media de 41,6 anos (± 9,2). Los criterios de inclusion fueron: pacientes en edad laboral (25-64 anos) con fracturas de cupula radial complejas ( II , III , IV de Mason), con lesiones de partes blandas u oseas, que conllevaran inestabilidad, no reconstruibles mediante osteosintesis y tratadas mediante artroplastia. Las principales variables analizadas fueron datos de filiacion, clasificacion de Mason o aspectos quirurgicos, como demora, tiempo quirurgico, tipo protesico (donde la protesis bipolar fue la mas utilizada, 88,6%), necesidad de cementacion o reintervenciones. Tambien se analizo el tiempo rehabilitador, las causas de fracaso protesico, complicaciones, hallazgos radiologicos (segun Van-Riet), zonas de aflojamiento (segun Popovic), asi como las escalas MEPS y de Cassebaum. Se apreciaron diversas lesiones asociadas, como el dano en el ligamento colateral lateral cubital en el 39% de los casos, la fractura de coronoides, en el 25,6% y la fractura de olecranon, en el 15,9% de la serie. Hubo un caso de lesion de Essex Lopresti. Los test estadisticos utilizados fueron: para variables categoricas, las tablas de contingencia, Chi Cuadrado y test de Fisher. Para las variables numericas, la U de Mann Whitney o el test de Kruskall Wallis. Nivel de evidencia IV . Resultados El tiempo quirurgico fue de 100 minutos (± 56,8). Se cementaron el 53,8% de las protesis. El resultado de la escala MEPS: 80,4 puntos (± 19,3), siendo excelentes-buenos en el 71,6%. El codo era estable en el 93,7% de los casos, presentaba una moderada inestabilidad, inferior a 10° en varo-valgo, en el 4,9% de los casos y una franca inestabilidad, con 10° o mas de inestabilidad en varo o en valgo, en el 1,3% restante de la serie. El tiempo de rehabilitacion fue menor en las cementadas (p = 0,03), hubo mayor rigidez (p = 0,03) y mas secuelas (limitaciones de movilidad, dolor residual), (p Conclusiones La presencia de lesiones oseas y ligamentosas concomitantes determinaba mas tiempo quirurgico y secuelas. La cirugia precoz conseguiria mejores resultados clinicos.

Objectives The indications for radial head arthroplasty are essentially complex fractures with ligament damage (medial, lateral or Essex-Lopresti), and/or associated with bone damage (coronoids or olecranon). The aim of this study is to review our experience with the use of a radial head prosthesis in the context of a trauma. Material and method An observational, descriptive and retrospective study, with a follow-up of 1–11 years, was performed on a study group of 82 patients with a mean age of 41.6 (±9.2) years. The inclusion criteria were: patients of working age (25–64 years) with complex radial head fractures (Mason II, III, IV), with soft tissue and bone injuries that caused instability, non-reconstructable by osteosynthesis and treated using arthroplasty. The primary variables analysed were social demographics, Mason classification, or surgical aspects such as delay, surgical time, type of prosthesis (where the bipolar prosthesis was most used, 88.6%), need of fixation or further surgery. Rehabilitation time, causes of prosthesis failure, radiological findings (according to Van-Riet), areas of loosening (according to Popovic), as well as the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Cassebaum scale. Various associated injuries were observed, such as injuries in the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow in 39% of cases, coronoid fractures in 25.6%, and an olecranon fracture in 15.9% of the series. There was one case of an Essex-Lopresti injury. The tests used for the statistical analysis were Chi squared and Fisher test for categorical variables and contingency tables. The Mann Whitney U or Kruskal Wallis tests were used for the numerical variables. Evidence level: IV . Results The mean surgical time was 100 (±56.8) min. The prosthesis was fixed in 53.8% of cases. The mean score on the MEPS scale was 80.4 (±19.3) points, being good–excellent in 71.6%. The elbow was stable in 93.7% of cases. There was moderate instability, with 10° or more in varus or valgus, and in 1.3% in the rest of the series. The rehabilitation time was lower in the fixed cases (P = 0.03), and there was greater rigidity (P = 0.03) and more sequelae (limitations in mobility, residual pain), (P Conclusions The presence of concomitant bone and ligament injuries determined a longer surgical time and more sequelae. Early surgery would achieve better clinical results.

In this work, a new approach to experimental study of cutting forces and heating in milling is carried out. Work is done without cooling, over type AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, and a comparison between up-milling and down-milling is performed. Maximum values of cutting force (Fc), resultant force (R) or maximum temperature (Tmax) are used to obtain qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results show that major influencing determinant is not the instant undeformed chip thickness. This is significant if orthogonal turning models want to be directly applied to milling modelling.

In the development of the specific skills in the field of industrial engineering, the transversality of the contents of each area of knowledge must be considered. This paper shows how the integration of the contents of different areas (such as materials, manufacturing, design, etc.) is performed in order to allow students to enhance their transversal skills. For this, a specific product is proposed as “learning object”. The analysis, to be made by the students, includes all the aspects regarding technical and economic feasibility, and manufacturing optimization of the product. The article also shows the analysis of the work environment and the established methodology by an interdisciplinary group of university teachers from different areas: materials, manufacturing and design who have contributed with their knowledge in the specific problem.

This work presents the development of an experimental study which aims to establish arelationship of temperature variations, deformation speeds and the possible microstructural changes in the AISI 304 stainless steel. For this, an IR thermographic camera recorded serveral tensile test with different deformation speeds.

Resumen Objetivo Valorar la evolucion del valor angular de la escoliosis idiopatica tratada con ortesis en el adulto joven. Paciente y metodo Estudio retrospectivo de 71 pacientes con escoliosis idiopatica tratados con ortesis entre 1978-1996. Se incluyen los que acudieron a visitas de control postalta. Se excluyen los que precisaron cirugia y los que su edad era mayor de 40 anos. Se compara el grupo que progresa y el resto por las siguientes variables: a) morfologia y clasificacion de la curva; b) tipo de escoliosis: adolescente, juvenil e infantil; c) valor angular de Cobb al diagnostico, final del tratamiento y ultimo control; d) ortesis utilizada; e) duracion del tratamiento; y f) tiempo de evolucion (entre la retirada de la ortesis y el ultimo control). Analisis estadistico En variables categoricas se uso la Chi-cuadrado y en continuas con distribucion normal, la t de Student. Para el resto, pruebas no parametricas. Se asumio un nivel de significacion estadistica p Resultados La curva progreso en 22 pacientes (31%), con una media de 9,5° (DE: 4,5) en 9,7 anos. El grupo que progreso presentaba valores angulares mayores al inicio (dif: 3,9; IC 95%: −1,76 a 9,6), al final del tratamiento (dif: 4,8; IC 95%: −1,6 a 11,2), y de forma significativa en el momento del ultimo control (dif: 14,5; IC 95%: 7,9-21,1), sin diferencias entre las demas variables estudiadas. Conclusiones La progresion fue de 2,8° durante 8 anos. El 69% no progreso vs. 31% que progreso 9,5°.

Resumen Objetivo Estudiar la existencia de dolor de espalda en el adulto joven con escoliosis idiopatica tratada ortopedicamente. Pacientes y metodo Estudio retrospectivo de 71 pacientes con escoliosis idiopatica tratados con contencion ortesica entre los anos 1978-1996. Se incluyen los tratados con cualquier tipo de ortesis que acudieron a las visitas sucesivas de control tras el alta, cada 5 anos a partir de los 20 anos. Se excluyen los que precisaron tratamiento quirurgico y los de edad superior a 40 anos. Variable de estudio Dolor de espalda. Otras variables fueron localizacion de la curva, tipo de escoliosis, valor angular de Cobb, duracion del tratamiento ortesico, edad de diagnostico del ultimo control y actual, tiempo de seguimiento, tipo de tratamiento realizado y gravedad de la escoliosis. Analisis estadistico Se determinaron la media, la mediana, el rango y la desviacion estandar para variables continuas y las frecuencias para variables categoricas, Chi-cuadrado, t de Student y pruebas no parametricas. Se asumio un nivel de significacion estadistica de p Resultados Presentaron dolor 27 pacientes (38%). Se observo diferencia significativa entre los grupos con y sin dolor en tiempo de seguimiento: 10,3 frente a 7,3 (IC 95%: 5-1) y en la edad actual: 27,3 frente a 24,6 (IC 95%: 4,8-0,8).

The present work develops an experimental study which aims to establish a relationship between the temperature variations and the deformation speeds in the material and between these deformation speeds and the possible microstructural changes.With this aim, an IR thermographic camera is used to record several tensile tests with different deformation speeds.

The present work shows the procedure used for the study of friction in orthogonal milling. The equipment employed to measure cutting forces includes a rotating dynamometer and a multichannel portable data acquisition system. Signal filtering is applied to reduce the dynamic system problems. The analysis of the relation between cutting force ( F c ) and radial force ( F r ) allows to assess the dependence of friction and chip thickness on cutting speed and feed per revolution. Also, the study of the influence of workpiece material on milling process shows that cutting force ( F c ) decreases and friction increases with improving workpiece material machinability. Hence, a significant contribution to knowledge in a research field with a little previous literature, such as the friction in orthogonal milling, is made in the present work through a comparative analysis of cutting forces ( F c and F r ) that allows to study the influence of cutting speed and feed per revolution on friction and to propose a new approach for machinability associated to F c rather than to friction coefficient.

ResumenObjetivosConstruir y validar un instrumento que evalúe la satisfacción con los servicios de atención domiciliaria en versión autoadministrada y telefónica.MétodoEstudio observacional transversal en población con atención domiciliaria de los distritos sanitarios de Málaga, Costa del Sol, Almería y Granada. Se diseñó un cuestionario por parte de expertos en la técnica Delphi. Posteriormente, se evaluó la fiabilidad entre las versiones telefónica y autoadministrada y, por último, se comprobó su validez de constructo y la consistencia interna.ResultadosLa fiabilidad entre las versiones telefónica y autoadministrada fue alta (coeficiente de correlación intraclase=0,876; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,726-0,941; p=0,0001). La consistencia interna también fue adecuada (alfa de Cronbach de 0,853 y 0,799 para las distintas versiones, con o sin cuidadora, respectivamente). El análisis factorial explicaba un 66,80 y un 67,81% de la varianza observada para las distintas versiones (con o sin cuidadora). Se aislaron 2 factores que tenían que ver con la relación interpersonal, el rol de la cuidadora y la toma de decisiones.ConclusionesLa evaluación de la satisfacción con los servicios de atención domiciliaria puede realizarse con dimensiones habitualmente utilizadas en los estudios de satisfacción, aunque han de ser evaluadas mediante instrumentos diseñados al efecto. La accesibilidad, la comunicación y las relaciones interpersonales adquieren un alto valor explicativo en la satisfacción de este tipo de población.AbstractObjectivesTo design and validate an instrument to assess satisfaction with home care services, in both self-administered and telephone versions.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional observational study of the population using home care services in the health districts of Malaga, Costa del Sol, Almeria and Granada (Spain). A questionnaire was designed by an expert panel using a Deplhi technique. Reliability between the self-administered and telephone versions was analyzed. Finally, internal consistency and construct validity were assessed.ResultsReliability between the self-administered and telephone versions was high (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.876; 95% CI, 0.726-0.941; p=0.0001). Internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach's alpha: 0.853 and 0.799 for both versions, with or without caregiver, respectively). The factorial analysis explained 66.80% and 67.81% of the observed variance for the two versions (with or without caregiver, respectively). Two factors were isolated and related to interpersonal relationships, the role of the carer, and decision making.ConclusionAssessment of satisfaction with home care can be performed with the dimensions routinely used in satisfaction studies, but these should be evaluated with instruments designed ad hoc. Accessibility, communication and interpersonal relationships have a high explanatory value in satisfaction among this population.

Proton-induced production cross-sections of 41 Ca from Ni are presented. Moreover, depth-dependent production rates of 41 Ca from Ni were determined in a meteoroid simulation experiment. Based on these data, modelled production rates of 41 Ca from Ni in iron meteoroids are presented as a function of depth and size. These data are relevant for modelling the production rate ratio of 41 Ca/ 36 Cl in metal phases of meteoroids and thus for the application of the 41 Ca– 36 Cl method to determine terrestrial ages of meteorites.

Resumen Objetivo Estudiar, a los seis meses de la intervencion mediante plastia de LCA, la correlacion entre la escala de valoracion funcional de Lysholm y Gillquist, el salto vertical monopodal en tapiz de Bosco y la fuerza isocinetica concentrica (60, 90 y 180o/s). Material y metodos Estudiamos 32 pacientes (12 mujeres y 20 hombres), con una edad media de 24,1 anos (DE 7,1; rango 16–39), intervenidos mediante plastia de tendon rotuliano. Las valoraciones se llevaron a cabo a las 29,7 semanas de media (DE 6,3; rango 26,4–32,1) de la intervencion quirurgica. Se estimo el coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson entre cada par de variables. Resultados El 84,4% obtuvieron una puntuacion muy buena-normal en la escala de Lysholm, frente a tan solo el 53,1% para el salto monopodal y el 43,7% para la fuerza isocinetica de extension. Se observo una buena correlacion, estadisticamente significativa, entre el salto vertical monopodal y la fuerza isocinetica de extension a las tres velocidades (r=0,75, 0,7, 0,63). En cambio, la escala de Lysholm, mostraba una correlacion moderada-baja con el salto monopodal (r=0,45) y con la fuerza isocinetica de extension (r=0,54, 0,54) y de flexion (r=0,54, 0,55) a 60o y 90o/s. Conclusiones El salto vertical monopodal en tapiz de Bosco se correlaciona bien con la fuerza isocinetica de extension de la rodilla en nuestra muestra de pacientes. El uso aislado de la escala de Lysholm puede dar una falsa buena imagen del estado de la rodilla, ya que no detecta los deficit importantes de fuerza.

Resumen La enfermedad de injerto contra huesped (EICH) es la complicacion mas grave del trasplante de precursores hematopoyeticos alogenico y se puede presentar de forma aguda o cronica. La EICH aguda ocurre en el 40-70% de los pacientes y es causa de muerte en mas del 20 %. La forma cronica aparece en un 20-50 % de los supervivientes a largo plazo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con antecedente personal de leucemia mieloblastica aguda que habia requerido trasplante de precursores hematopoyeticos alogenico de un hermano HLA compatible y presento una EICH de presentacion atipica como sinovitis de flexores de carpo y sindrome doloroso regional complejo asociado.

Background The need of home care services is becoming an increasingly common scenario. These cares are mainly provided by the dependents’ relatives specifically, by the women part of the family. This situation might take years, decreasing the physical and psychological health of the caregiver. In Spain, the Act of Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for dependent persons, guarantees those dependent persons and their caregivers to have access to social services or to financial grants. The aim of this study is to Know the possible effects of the benefits provided by this Act in regards to the mental health, the quality of life and use of health services by the family caregivers assisting their relatives in situation of dependency. Methods and design A longitudinal descriptive study following-up a cohort of patients and caregivers. The study shall be carried out in Andalusia. It shall include the baseline assessment of the variables in those caregivers free from the exposure factor (reception of assistance pursuant to the Act). Following, once the benefits have been received, this cohort shall be followed-up. The study shall take three years, and the starting date for its development as well as its funding is January 2011. Discussion The longitudinal assessment of the rate of change of the variables studied shall allow us to know the implications which might be potentially generated as well as the natural evolution of those.

The first results of the study of the process parameters of drilling of composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CFRP) used in the aeronautical industry are shown in this work. The analysis uses both cutting forces and temperatures achieved in the drilling process, although it has focused on the application of IR thermography to the study of the drilled hole. The study of the defects that can be found on the workpiece, associated with these processes (delamination), is approached by using both optical microscopy and SEM.

RESUMEN Este estudio analiza desde la perspectiva social-cognitiva de las metas de logro como la orientación disposicional de los sujetos y la percepción del clima motivacional en los entrenamientos se relacionan con los diferentes componentes de la ansiedad estado precompetitiva (ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad somática y autoconfianza) en tenistas de alto nivel. Para ello se utilizó un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados muestran que el clima motivacional que los tenistas perciben en los entrenamientos se relaciona con la orientación disposicional que estos presentan, así como existe una relación directa de influencia entre el clima motivacional orientado al ego y los componentes cognitivo y somático de la ansiedad. Por otra parte, los resultados muestran como la orientación disposicional al ego se muestra como predictor significativo y negativo de la ansiedad cognitiva y la orientación disposicional a la tarea predice la autoconfianza de forma positiva. Añadir además que los diferentes componentes de la ansiedad se relacionan significativamente entre sí, de forma positiva la ansiedad estado cognitiva y somática y éstas a su vez, negativamente con la autoconfianza. PALABRAS CLAVE: Orientación disposicional, clima motivacional, ansiedad estado precompetitiva, tenis. ABSTRACT This work studied the "goals achievement theory;" how dispositional goal orientation and the perception of the motivational climate are related to the different components of competitive anxiety (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence) in high-level tennis players. To the accomplish this objective structural equation modelling was employed (SEM). The results show that perception of the motivational climate that tennis players perceive is related to dispositional goal orientation. Results also show positive relationships between perception of ego involving motivational climate and somatic and cognitive components of anxiety. On the other hand, results show that ego orientation is a negative predictor of cognitive anxiety. Finally, results show that task orientation is a positive and significant predictor of self-confidence. KEY WORDS: Goal orientation, motivational climate, competitive state anxiety, tennis

La evaluación de intervenciones en Salud Pública constituye un pilar imprescindible en el desarrollo de políticas de salud, aunque no está exenta de controversias. Su desarrollo requiere la utilización de resultados de investigación, aunque hay grandes escollos derivados de un tradicional enfoque evaluativo basado en el ensayo clínico como patrón de oro, consolidado con el auge de la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia. En Salud Pública no siempre se pueden llevar a cabo diseños clásicos aleatorizados y controlados de forma estricta (a veces por criterios éticos, otras por razones operativas y otras por imposibilidad conceptual) y las intervenciones en la mayoría de ocasiones son de tipo multicomponente, lo que hace que la interpretación de resultados sea compleja. Por último, el enfoque habitual de evaluación de resultados de investigación infravalora sistemáticamente los estudios observacionales que, en muchos casos, son los indicados en Salud Pública. Se ha dado un gran avance con estrategias como la TREND (Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non randomized Designs) junto con otros instrumentos de evaluación crítica, como el MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) o el STROBE (STrenghtening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology). Independientemente de que existan o no modelos de evaluación consolidados, es necesaria una estrategia que con, cierta solvencia y rigor, permita conocer resultados de intervenciones en Salud Pública. Esto agiliza muchas veces las fases de revisión, diseño o planificación de la intervención concreta que se esté desplegando y ayuda a tomar decisiones en la medida en que se dispone de información contrastada. En este trabajo se revisa todo el proceso metodológico de localización de pruebas sobre la efectividad de intervenciones en Salud Pública, así como las fuentes más solventes disponibles en la actualidad, de cara a facilitar esta tarea a los profesionales dedicados o interesados en este campo.

[1] The two structural units that constitute the ophiolitic complex of the Morais allochthonous complex display different geochemical features. Amphibolites from the lower unit are nearly homogeneous, chemically similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, with low Th/Nb and highly radiogenic Nd isotope signature (ɛNd = +8.7), and might derive from igneous protoliths formed in an oceanic ridge setting 447 ± 24 Myr ago (Sm-Nd whole rock isochron). In contrast, the upper unit consists largely of metaperidotites together with gabbroic rocks and minor amphibolites and felsic veins. U-Pb zircon ages of the upper unit range from 405 ± 1 Ma to 396 ± 1 Ma. These rocks are geochemically more variable but share in common high Th/Nb ratios and high initial ɛNd (from +7.5 to +8.9) interpreted to reflect generation above an intraoceanic subduction zone. This implies that the Morais ophiolitic complex is composite and consists of two distinct, relatively thin tectonic slivers that were detached from contrasting oceanic domains before being finally imbricated. This occurred broadly coeval, at the regional scale, with eclogite-facies metamorphism documented in several separate tectonic units of NW Iberia. On the basis of this space and time association, we interpret the early stage of the Variscan (in the broad sense) evolution (circa ≥ 405–400 Ma) in terms of intraoceanic subduction, followed by an arc-continent collision, circa 395 Ma. This model may account for the long-recognized polycyclic evolution of the north Portuguese catazonal complexes without resorting to the existence of a high-grade Precambrian basement.

The ability of ten Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from intestinal and non-intestinal infections, normal flora and environment to adhere to human colon carcinoma cells, Caco-2, was examined. The adherence capacity varied among the strains tested from strongly adherent (76-100%) to non- or weakly adherent (0-25%). Negative staining with Indian ink showed that all the strains were capsulated, although strain 1032 (strongly adherent and originated from bacteremia) had the highest rate of capsulated cells in the culture. All strains studied presented an electron-dense layer and no fimbrial structures in their surface after PTA negative staining. The analysis of the strains with ruthenium red showed the presence of an acidic polysaccharide and also surface vesicles in all of them. The strain 1032 presented an aggregative adherence pattern toward Caco-2 cells monolayers. It could be seen trapped by elongated microvilli and surrounded by extracellular material in the scanning electron microscope. Treatment with sodium periodate (100 mM/1 h) reduced significantly its adherence capacity and also the expression of an electron-dense layer and of the capsule, detected with PTA and Indian ink staining, respectively. We suggest that the capsular polysaccharide might mediate the adherence of the B. fragilis to Caco-2 cells.