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Peracetic acid (PAA) has attracted increasing attention in wastewater decontamination for yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, mackinawite (FeS) was synthesized and applied as the heterogeneous catalyst for PAA activation. Using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the target pollutant, the influences of FeS dosage, PAA dosage and initial pH values on SMX degradation by the FeS/PAA process were investigated. Under optimal conditions, SMX could be completely removed within 5 min with the apparent first-order rate constant (kobs) of 7.71 × 10−4 s−1. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) analysis and radical scavenging experiments were modulated to detect the active species. During the activation process of PAA, various active components were evidenced to be hydroxyl radicals (HO•), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (O2•−) and organic radicals (R-O•, e.g., CH3C(O)O• and CH3C(O)OO•), whereas HO• and R-O• were demonstrated as the dominant active species responsible for SMX abatement. Both dissolved Fe(II) ions and active sites on the surface of FeS were proven to be activators for PAA, and SMX abatement was highly promoted as a result. Furthermore, the acidic pH displayed superior efficiency in SMX decomposition compared with alkaline and neutral conditions. Five degradation pathways of SMX were put forward and the toxicity of byproducts was further evaluated. Overall, this study provided an efficient and environmentally friendly PAA activation approach using FeS, which might broaden its applicability in the remediation of micropollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can support functional restoration of a paretic limb post-stroke. Hebbian plasticity depends on temporally coinciding pre- and post-synaptic activity. A tight temporal relationship between motor cortical (MC) activity associated with attempted movement and FES-generated visuo-proprioceptive feedback is hypothesized to enhance motor recovery. Using a brain–computer interface (BCI) to classify MC spectral power in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to trigger FES-delivery with detection of movement attempts improved motor outcomes in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that heightened neural plasticity earlier post-stroke would further enhance corticomuscular functional connectivity and motor recovery. We compared subcortical non-dominant hemisphere stroke patients in BCI-FES and Random-FES (FES temporally independent of MC movement attempt detection) groups. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). We recorded high-density EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials before and after treatment. The BCI group showed greater: FMA-UE improvement; motor evoked potential amplitude; beta oscillatory power and long-range temporal correlation reduction over contralateral MC; and corticomuscular coherence with contralateral MC. These changes are consistent with enhanced post-stroke motor improvement when movement is synchronized with MC activity reflecting attempted movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are classified into two groups: one group includes tyrosine kinases, and the second group includes serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases includes both receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) that function as "on" or "off" switches for many cellular functions. NRTKs are kinase enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions, including cell growth and progression and their dependent mechanisms and the associated signaling pathways. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can support functional restoration of a paretic limb post-stroke. Hebbian plasticity depends on temporally coinciding pre- and post-synaptic activity. A tight temporal relationship between motor cortical (MC) activity associated with attempted movement and FES-generated visuo-proprioceptive feedback is hypothesized to enhance motor recovery. Using a brain–computer interface (BCI) to classify MC spectral power in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to trigger FES-delivery with detection of movement attempts improved motor outcomes in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that heightened neural plasticity earlier post-stroke would further enhance corticomuscular functional connectivity and motor recovery. We compared subcortical non-dominant hemisphere stroke patients in BCI-FES and Random-FES (FES temporally independent of MC movement attempt detection) groups. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). We recorded high-density EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials before and after treatment. The BCI group showed greater: FMA-UE improvement; motor evoked potential amplitude; beta oscillatory power and long-range temporal correlation reduction over contralateral MC; and corticomuscular coherence with contralateral MC. These changes are consistent with enhanced post-stroke motor improvement when movement is synchronized with MC activity reflecting attempted movement.

An electrochemical deposition technique was employed to synthesize FeS material. The Iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)2.9H2O) and sodium sulphate (NaSO4) are part of the electrochemical bath system. The films synthesized have a polycrystalline structure with diffraction peaks and a preferred orientation along the (111) diffraction plane. The significance of high peaks lies in their ability to provide a spacious surface area for efficient photovoltaic activities. By increasing the deposition time of FeS, the film thickness decreased from 108.98 to 100.87 nm. The FeS absorbance decreases as the wavelength approaches the VIS-IR region. The FeS material had the highest absorbance value at 30 s across the entire spectrum, averaging a maximum of 0.072 in the ultraviolet region. The films deposited had energy band gaps ranging from 2.12 to 1.58 eV. The energy band gap also decreased as the deposition time and film thickness decreased. The bandgap energy range found in this study is perfect for absorbing solar energy radiation above 1.58 eV, making it ideal for solar cell absorber layers.

Background: In intensive care units (ICUs), around one-third of severely sick patients need mechanical ventilation (MV) to maintain their breathing; some require it for just hours, while others need it for months. The diaphragm, abdominal, and intercostal muscles--the three main breathing muscles--may experience atrophy due to lack of usage during this period. Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical co-activation of diaphragm and abdominal muscles on weaning time in MV patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 52 mechanically ventilated patients of both sexes participated in the study with age range from 40 to 55 years old. They were recruited from ICU Department in New Cairo Generalized Hospital; referred by physicians. They were assigned randomly into 2 Groups. Group A consisted of 26 patients; received co-activation of both diaphragmatic electrical stimulation and abdominal functional stimulation in addition to conventional physical program for one session per day for 7 days a week till discharge, 60 minutes per session. Group B consisted of 26 patients; received conventional physical therapy program for 30 minutes per session for one session a day for 7 sessions a week till discharge. Outcome measure weaning time was assessed. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the weaning time. However, Group A demonstrated greater improvements compared to Group B. Conclusion: Application of transcutaneous diaphragmatic stimulation and abdominal functional electrical stimulation is safe way for critically ill patients for decreasing length of duration in ICU for mechanically ventilated patient thus improve weaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Positron emission tomography (PET) plays a crucial role in breast cancer management. This review addresses the role of PET imaging in breast cancer care. We focus primarily on the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in staging, recurrence detection, and treatment response evaluation. Furthermore, we delve into the growing interest in precision therapy and the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting tumor biology. This includes discussing the potential of PET/MRI and artificial intelligence in breast cancer imaging, offering insights into improved diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has been intensifying its adverse effects, especially in today's world, prompting an examination of the impact of varying green space ratios on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort for Erzurum, a winter city. The study area was determined as the Yıldızkent district, one of the new settlements in the city of Erzurum. Microclimate data in te area were measured hourly for one year using the Davis Vantage Pro-2 weather station. Within the Yıldızkent zoning plan, five scenarios were created to increase the green space ratio, namely 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Simulations for a total of six scenarios, including the existing situation, were modeled for the outdoor thermal comfort using the ENVI-met BIO+Science program for the hottest (summer) and coldest (winter) periods of 2021. While temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed did not differ across scenarios in the green space scenarios, the simulations indicated positive results for both winter and summer in terms of mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) in the 10% green space ratio scenario and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the 30% green space ratio scenario. For the 10% green space ratio, Tmrt increased by 0.2 ℃ in winter and decreased by an average of 0.2 ℃ in summer compared to the existing situation. In PET analyses, while winter showed similar results for all scenarios, in summer, the 30% green space ratio resulted in a 0.3 ℃ decrease compared to the existing situation. The study concludes that increasing the green space ratio has a positive contribution to the microclimate and brings about differences in outdoor thermal comfort. However, for accurate results in such studies, simulation analyses for each area with different microclimate characteristics are necessary. The results of this study will guide neighborhood-scale research, and incorporating a 30% green space ratio in landscape designs yields positive climate-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The competitive sorption of arsenite, As(III), and antimonite, Sb(III) on mackinawite (FeS) was investigated, so as to better understand the influence between As(III) and Sb(III) in anaerobic water, soil, or sediment systems rich in FeS. Methods: FeS was synthesized and As(III) and Sb(III) were simultaneously or sequentially added into the FeS suspensions, so as to simulate the competitive sorption of As(III) and Sb(III) on the surface of FeS particles when As(III) and Sb(III) were parallelly sorbed or As(III) sorption was priorly aged. Results: It was found that As(III) uptake by FeS could be significantly inhibited by Sb(III) at pH 7.0. When As(III) (initial concentration: 1 mg L−1) and Sb(III) were simultaneously added into FeS suspensions at pH 7.0, the presence of Sb(III) reduced the As(III) uptake by FeS from 51.8% (no Sb(III) added) to 22.7% (1 mg L−1 Sb(III) added) and to 6.9% (5 mg L−1 Sb(III) added), respectively. In contrast, As(III) uptake by FeS was only slightly inhibited at pH 5.5 and not inhibited at pH 9.0. It was postulated that the competitive sorption of As(III) and Sb(III) was primarily associated with the binding of As(III) and Sb(III) to FeS at the sulfur sites and the different chalcophility of Sb(III) and As(III) led to the significant replacement of As(III) by Sb(III) at pH 7.0. It was also found that aging of As(III) sorption significantly reduced the amount of As(III) that was outcompeted by Sb(III). Conclusion: This study revealed the competitive sorption of As(III) and Sb(III) on FeS particles, and implicated the importance of competitive sorption in evaluating the mobilization or immobilization of arsenic or antimony in iron- and sulfur-rich anaerobic lake sediments or soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown potential in rehabilitative exercises for patients recovering from spinal cord injuries. In recent developments, conventional open-loop FES control techniques have evolved into closed-loop systems that employ feedback controllers for automation. However, closed-loop FES systems often face challenges due to muscle nonlinear effects, such as fatigue, time delays, stiffness, and spasticity. Therefore, an accurate non-linear knee model is required during the design stage, and precise tuning of the feedback controller parameters is vital. A proportional– integral–derivative (PID) controller is commonly used as a feedback controller due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, most PID tuning methods are complex and time consuming. This paper investigates the viability of employing the pole placement technique for tuning a PID controller that regulates the non-linear knee extension model. The pole placement method aims to improve the control and adaptability of the PID controller in closed-loop FES systems, specifically by facilitating knee extension exercises. MATLAB Simulink was used to assess the effectiveness of this tuning approach. Results showed that the PID controller performed satisfactorily without non-linearities, but performance varied with the inclusion of specific non-linearities. The pole placement tuning method facilitated preliminary assessments of PID controller performance, preceding highly advanced optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melissa Hawkins,1 Tori Goldhammer,2 Robin McClave,1 Edwinta Jenkins-Smith3 1Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, USA; 2Safe at Home Program, Home Care Partners, Washington, DC, USA; 3Department of Aging and Community Living, District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, DC, USACorrespondence: Melissa Hawkins, Department of Health Studies, American University, McCabe Hall Room 222, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA, Tel +1 202-885-6252, Email mhawkins@american.eduPurpose: The overarching goal of the program evaluation was to determine the reach and impact of the District-funded Safe At Home (SAH) modification program in reducing falls, fall injuries, and fear of falls among community-dwelling older adults and adults with disabilities. The SAH program has served over 6000 adults since 2016, the majority of whom are women (79%) and over age 60 (92%).Materials and Methods: Letters were mailed in September 2022 to clients (n=492) who had home modifications completed between October 2021-March 2022 inviting them to participate in a brief phone survey about program satisfaction, falls, fall location, and severity. The validated Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) was administered pre (at first visit), post (at last visit), and during the phone survey (within 6 months to 1 year of program completion) to assess fear of falling. The response rate was 55% (n=241).Results: Older adults (n=219) and adults with disabilities (n=22) reported high program satisfaction. Most clients, 79%, did not report a fall since the completion of the home modifications. The majority of falls reported, 76%, occurred inside the home. The average evaluation FES score was 32.5 (SD=22.6, range 10– 100), indicating relatively low fear of falling. Higher FES scores were associated with a greater likelihood of reporting a fall (r=0.44, p < 0.001, n=51) and older age (r = 0.17, p < 0.01). FES scores were not related to gender. Evaluation FES scores were significantly lower than the pre-FES scores, indicating a reduction in fear of falling and positive impact of the home modifications (T(107) = 5.14, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The client-centered SAH program demonstrates significant reductions in falls, fear of falling, and high satisfaction among clients. Recommendations include program expansion to offer other evidence-based components to reduce falls and support safe aging in place.Keywords: program evaluation, home modification, fall efficacy scale, FES, injury, prevention, independent living

Purpose: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder of menstruating primates where tissues similar to the inner lining of the uterus exist "ectopically" outside of the uterus. The ectopic endometrium, like the endometrium within the uterus, expresses estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and undergoes hormone-dependent cell proliferation and bleeding each menstrual cycle. The goal of this study was to conduct abdominopelvic positron emission tomography (PET) scans with computed tomography (CT) imaging of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) using radiotracers that target ER and PR [16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) and 12-[18F]fluoro-furanyl-nor-progesterone (FFNP)] in individuals with and without endometriosis. We also aimed to determine if menstrual cycle phase and/or the presence of endometriosis affected the uptake of these radiotracers. Procedures: Rhesus macaques with either clinically diagnosed endometriosis (n = 6) or no endometriosis (n = 4) underwent PET/CT scans with FES. A subset of the animals also underwent PET/CT scans with FFNP. Standard uptake values corrected for body weight (SUVs) were obtained for each radiotracer in target and background tissues (e.g., intestinal). We performed repeated measure analysis of variance tests to determine how uterine and background uptake differed with scan time, phase of the menstrual cycle, and disease state. Results: Abdominopelvic PET/CT could not resolve small, individual endometriotic lesions. However, macaques with endometriosis displayed higher uterine uptake compared to those without the disorder. Radiotracer uptake differed by menstrual cycle phase with increased uterine uptake of both radiotracers in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Background intestinal uptake of FFNP increased over time after infusion, but only during the proliferative phase. Conclusions: PET/CT with FES and FFNP support the concept that ER and PR levels are altered in individuals with endometriosis. This highlights the impact of the disease on typical reproductive tract function and may provide a novel pathway for the identification of individuals with endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hand opening is reduced by abnormal wrist and finger flexor activity in many individuals with stroke. This flexor activity also limits hand opening produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of finger and wrist extensor muscles. Recent advances in electrical nerve block technologies have the potential to mitigate this abnormal flexor behavior, but the actual impact of nerve block on hand opening in stroke has not yet been investigated. Methods: In this study, we applied the local anesthetic ropivacaine to the median and ulnar nerve to induce a complete motor block in 9 individuals with stroke and observed the impact of this block on hand opening as measured by hand pentagonal area. Volitional hand opening and FES-driven hand opening were measured, both while the arm was fully supported on a haptic table (Unloaded) and while lifting against gravity (Loaded). Linear mixed effect regression (LMER) modeling was used to determine the effect of Block. Results: The ropivacaine block allowed increased hand opening, both volitional and FES-driven, and for both unloaded and loaded conditions. Notably, only the FES-driven and Loaded condition's improvement in hand opening with the block was statistically significant. Hand opening in the FES and Loaded condition improved following nerve block by nearly 20%. Conclusion: Our results suggest that many individuals with stroke would see improved hand-opening with wrist and finger flexor activity curtailed by nerve block, especially when FES is used to drive the typically paretic finger and wrist extensor muscles. Such a nerve block (potentially produced by aforementioned emerging electrical nerve block technologies) could thus significantly address prior observed shortcomings of FES interventions for individuals with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot drop is a neurological disorder in which the person cannot lift the upper part of the foot from the ground. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is utilized for treating foot drop. Gait speed is associated with the clinical study of the FES system to study its effectiveness. The review paper compares the various methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of FES treatment, including gait analysis, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test, 10-meter walk (10MW) test, 6-min walk (6MW) test and clinical assessments scales. By examining the strengths and limitations of each method, on the basis of recent research studies that have used these methods to evaluate the effectiveness of FES treatment, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the different methods used to study the effectiveness of FES for treating Foot Drop patients and to identify the most effective and reliable methods for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Back pain in horses is a common occurrence and has been considered to be an important factor affecting the well-being of horses. Its occurrence may be related to soft-tissue lesions, osseous injuries, tack-associated problems, or neurological disorders. In addition to conventional diagnostic methods, there are also more sophisticated ones, such as scintigraphy or computed tomography. Advanced diagnostic modalities include algometers, determination of lameness with inertial sensor systems, biometric mats, and geometric morphometrics methods, electromyography, as well as functional electrical stimulation. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the main back diseases in horses, as well as to provide an overview of their traditional, but also modern diagnostic methods. Although traditional diagnostic methods remain the foundation of orthopedic examination and back diseases, the use of new methods will allow for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases and will also allow for the objective monitoring of the rehabilitation and training process. Back pain is common in ridden horses. Back diseases in horses include Impinging Dorsal Spinous Processes, Ventral Spondylosis, Osteoarthritis of Articular Process, Intervertebral Discs Disease, Vertebral Fractures, Conformational Abnormalities, Desmopathy of the Supraspinous Ligament, Desmopathy of the Intraspinous Ligament, and Longissimus Muscle Strain. Back pain may also develop as a result of lameness (particularly hindlimb lameness). A poorly fitting saddle and an unbalanced rider are also considered important factors influencing the development of back pain in horses. The conventional diagnosis of equine back pain includes a clinical examination and diagnostic imaging examination using ultrasound, radiography, and thermography. Advanced diagnostic modalities of equine back pain involve the objectification of standard procedures through the use of algometers, a lameness locator, biometric mats, and the geometric morphometrics method. In addition to modern diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography and scintigraphy, advances in the diagnosis of equine back pain include the use of electromyography and functional electrical stimulation. The aim of this review article is to familiarize clinicians with the usefulness and capabilities of conventional diagnostic protocols and advanced diagnostic modalities. Although orthopedic examination and traditional diagnostic methods will remain the foundation of the diagnosis of back diseases, modern methods meet the growing expectations towards high-performance horses and allow for deeper diagnostics and objective monitoring of rehabilitation and training progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesinin en tartışmalı konularından biri başlık meselesidir. II. Mahmud döneminde ilk kez başlara giydirildiğinde ciddi tepkilere neden olan fes, zamanla dini bir hüviyet kazanmış ve Osmanlılık simgesi haline gelmiştir. Kültürel saiklerden dolayı, Osmanlıların zihin dünyasında, fes ile 19. yüzyılda İmparatorluğun birçok yerinde görülen Avrupalıların şapkası arasında bir karşıtlık ilişkisi kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 1876-1914 yılları arasındaki şapka yasağı uygulamalarını içeren arşiv belgeleri etrafında Osmanlı’da başlık sorunu ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca şapka giyilmemesi için tedbirlerin alındığı bölgelerin özellikleri, şapka giyenlerin meslekleri ve mensup oldukları sosyo-ekonomik çevreler, fes ve şapkaya dair algıyı net bir şekilde ortaya koyan ifadeler ve şapka yasaklarında etkili olan nedenler ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu kültürel ve tarihsel arka planı göz ardı etmemekle birlikte, II. Abdülhamid ve II. Meşrutiyet dönemlerindeki şapka yasağı uygulamalarında, asıl belirleyici unsurun siyasal konjonktür olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. İslamcılık politikası güden ve hilafeti öne çıkaran II. Abdülhamid fes gibi sembolik unsurlara önem vermiştir. Bu dönemde, İmparatorluğun kritik vilayetlerinin kopmasından duyulan endişe nedeniyle, fese, bu bölgelerde devletin varlığını gösteren bir “egemenlik” simgesi önemi atfedilmiştir. II. Meşrutiyet dönemindeki uygulamalar ise asayiş sorunu ve henüz tahkim edilmemiş bir rejimin güvenliğine yönelik kaygılardan etkilenmiştir. İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası, halkın galeyana getirilerek Meşrutiyet karşıtı bir harekete sevk edilebileceğinden endişe etmiştir. ABSTRACT: One of the most controversial issues of Ottoman-Turkish modernization is the headgear issue. The fez, which caused serious reactions when it was worn on the heads for the first time during the reign of Mahmud II, gained a religious identity over time and became a symbol of Ottomanism. Because of cultural motivations, in the mental world of the Ottomans, a contrasting relationship was established between the fez and the hat of the Europeans, which was seen in many parts of the Empire in the 19th century. In this study, the headdress problem in the Ottoman Empire is discussed around the archive documents containing the hat ban practices between 1876-1914. In this study, the headgear problem in the Ottoman Empire is discussed around the archive documents containing the hat ban practices between 1876-1914. In addition, the characteristics of the regions where measures are taken not to wear hats, the occupations of hat wearers and the socio-economic environment they belong to, expressions that clearly reveal the perception of the fez and hat, and the motives that are effective in hat bans are revealed. This study, though, does not ignore this cultural and historical background, it reveals that the main determining factor in the hat ban practices during the periods of Abdulhamid II and The Second Contitutional was the political conjuncture. Abdulhamid II, who pursued an Islamist policy and emphasized the caliphate, gave importance to symbolic elements such as the fez. In this period, due to the concern about the rupture of the critical provinces of the Empire, the importance of a "sovereignty" symbol indicating the presence of the state in these regions was attributed to the fez. The Practices during the Second Constitutional period were affected by the public order problem and concerns about the security of a regime that had not yet been consolidated. İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası (The Union and Progress Party) was concerned that the people might be agitated and led to an antiConstitutional movement.

Peracetic acid (PAA) has attracted increasing attention in wastewater decontamination for yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, mackinawite (FeS) was synthesized and applied as the heterogeneous catalyst for PAA activation. Using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the target pollutant, the influences of FeS dosage, PAA dosage and initial pH values on SMX degradation by the FeS/PAA process were investigated. Under optimal conditions, SMX could be completely removed within 5 min with the apparent first-order rate constant (kobs) of 7.71 × 10−4 s−1. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) analysis and radical scavenging experiments were modulated to detect the active species. During the activation process of PAA, various active components were evidenced to be hydroxyl radicals (HO•), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (O2•−) and organic radicals (R-O•, e.g., CH3C(O)O• and CH3C(O)OO•), whereas HO• and R-O• were demonstrated as the dominant active species responsible for SMX abatement. Both dissolved Fe(II) ions and active sites on the surface of FeS were proven to be activators for PAA, and SMX abatement was highly promoted as a result. Furthermore, the acidic pH displayed superior efficiency in SMX decomposition compared with alkaline and neutral conditions. Five degradation pathways of SMX were put forward and the toxicity of byproducts was further evaluated. Overall, this study provided an efficient and environmentally friendly PAA activation approach using FeS, which might broaden its applicability in the remediation of micropollutants.

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an “on” or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.

Background Stroke is ischemia and neurological dysfunction caused by acute brain circulation loss. It causes acute localized neurological abnormalities such as weakness, sensory deficit, or language issues that require long-term treatment. These deficiencies harm the patient and their family psychologically, socially, and economically. Thus, combination treatment can rapidly rehabilitate such patients. Detoxification methods like Ayurvedic medicated enema help stroke pathophysiology. Physical modalities in physiotherapy have been shown to facilitate normal movement and function on the stroke patient’s affected side, increasing independence with everyday duties. A stroke patient may benefit from Dashmoola Niruha Basti, Function Electrical Stimulation (FES), and Motor Relearning Programme (MRP). Aim & Objectives This study compares the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with MRP and FES in stroke recovery. The main goals of this study are to assess and compare the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with standard control over sensorimotor function of lower extremities, static and dynamic balance in stroke patients; gait parameters; resistance experienced during passive range of motion; quality of life of patients; Barthel Index; Modified Ashworth Scale; and Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test. Methods A total of 40 patients will be enrolled and divided randomly into two equal groups. In Group A (control), standard treatment (modern + physiotherapy) will be prescribed for one month. In Group B (interventional group), Dashmoola Basti will be added to the aforementioned standard treatment for one month. Expected results Improvement in Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test, quality of Life of Patients, Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth scale, and National Institute of Health (NIH) stroke-scale-score will be observed and recorded. Conclusions Results and conclusions will be derived according to the data collected in case record form and assessment sheets filled at baseline and follow-up visits. Trial registration CTRI/2021/10/037445 dated 21.10.2021.

Background Stroke is ischemia and neurological dysfunction caused by acute brain circulation loss. It causes acute localized neurological abnormalities such as weakness, sensory deficit, or language issues that require long-term treatment. These deficiencies harm the patient and their family psychologically, socially, and economically. Thus, combination treatment can rapidly rehabilitate such patients. Detoxification methods like Ayurvedic medicated enema help stroke pathophysiology. Physical modalities in physiotherapy have been shown to facilitate normal movement and function on the stroke patient’s affected side, increasing independence with everyday duties. A stroke patient may benefit from Dashmoola Niruha Basti, Function Electrical Stimulation (FES), and Motor Relearning Programme (MRP). Aim & Objectives This study compares the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with MRP and FES in stroke recovery. The main goals of this study are to assess and compare the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with standard control over sensorimotor function of lower extremities, static and dynamic balance in stroke patients; gait parameters; resistance experienced during passive range of motion; quality of life of patients; Barthel Index; Modified Ashworth Scale; and Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test. Methods A total of 40 patients will be enrolled and divided randomly into two equal groups. In Group A (control), standard treatment (modern + physiotherapy) will be prescribed for one month. In Group B (interventional group), Dashmoola Basti will be added to the aforementioned standard treatment for one month. Expected results Improvement in Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test, quality of Life of Patients, Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth scale, and National Institute of Health (NIH) stroke-scale-score will be observed and recorded. Conclusions Results and conclusions will be derived according to the data collected in case record form and assessment sheets filled at baseline and follow-up visits. Trial registration CTRI/2021/10/037445 dated 21.10.2021.

Developing efficient non-noble metal catalysts is crucial for promoting the electrochemical production of oxygen from water. In this work, a flower-like FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructure composite on carbon cloth can be fabricated with a simple sulfurization method. As-prepared FeS/Co 3 S 4 composite shows excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 252 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1, better than the FeS and Co 3 S 4 electrodes. In addition, the FeS/Co 3 S 4 composite displays outstanding structural stability with any decay over long-time testing. The improved OER catalytic performance of FeS/Co 3 S 4 composite is ascribed to the increased specific surface area and formation of FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterojunction. Besides, theoretical calculation results also show that the FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterojunction possesses a stronger adsorption ability to ∗OH, which is more favorable to the OER than the single FeS and Co 3 S 4 counterpart. Our work has paved a new way of exploring high-efficient catalysts for OER. • Prepare flower-like FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructure. • FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructure shows high performance for oxygen evolution reaction. • FeS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructure is favorable for the adsorption ability to ∗OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are commonly used interventions for patients with foot drop caused by a central neurological origin. The aimof this systematic review is to analyze the available evidence on the improvement of gait endurance in people with foot drop caused by a central neurological origin when comparing effectiveness of AFO and FES. The secondary aim is to evaluate the available evidence for the difference between the use of FES and AFO on perception of walking function. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, JBI, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health, Ovid Emcare, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. All articles published through July 2020 were included in this review. Randomized control trials or crossover trials addressing the comparison of AFO to FES in people with foot drop of central neurological origin on gait endurance and perception of improvement in walking function were assessed. PEDro scale was used to assess methodological quality. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full articles, and a third reviewer resolved any disagreements. Results: Twenty-five records were screened with 16 full-text articles assessed for eligibility using the PEDro score. Eleven final studies (PEDro scores range from 5 to 7) were included in qualitative analysis. Only two of the nine studies that evaluated gait endurance reported significant improvement in gait endurance in favor of FES. Seven of the eight studies evaluated the participant preference of device for various walking functions, which showed significance in favor of the use of FES. Conclusions: Our review reveals inconclusive evidence to support the use of FES compared with AFO for improving gait endurance. However, qualitative analysis of device preference for walking by participants reveals that FES was the preferred device in this population compared with AFO. Clinical Relevance: For patients with foot drop of central nervous system pathology, FES or AFO can be used to improve gait endurance. However, FES may be the preferred device by participants for their walking function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the XIX century in the Ottoman Empire there was a real upheaval, which brought the empire to "modernity". This process was favored by the sultans, whose ambition was to westernize the territories under the sphere of influence of the Sublime Porte, so that the State kept pace with Europe in all fields. One of the various fields that were affected by the reforms was that of fashion, which was perfectly linked to the birth of a bourgeois spirit and the need to modernize and westernize the empire. Fashion in the Ottoman Empire, as for Western societies, represents the acid test to understand the transformations and changes of an articulated society like the Ottoman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, FeS nanopowder was successfully synthesized through a facile mechano-chemical method from FeS2 mineral and Fe powders as the adsorbent of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution. The results confirmed FeS nanopowder formation with a mean particle size of about 90 nm and a specific surface area of 15 m2/g. The adsorption behavior of cadmium onto FeS was evaluated using response surface methodology to study the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time parameters on the efficiency of the removal process. In optimized conditions with the initial cadmium concentration of 100 mg/L, the maximum removal efficiencies of cadmium at the pH values of 2 and 6 were found to be 94 and 75%, respectively. Langmuir model describes the adsorption equilibrium data, and the pseudo-second-order model describes the kinetics. The calculated activation energy indicated chemical adsorption as the predominant phenomenon. Besides, the major removal mechanism of cadmium at a pH of 2 was ion exchange. Regarding the thermodynamic parameters, the cadmium adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The results showed the simple synthesis of FeS nanopowder adsorbent and promising removal efficiency in cadmium-polluted wastewater. Besides, the considerable potential of synthesized FeS nanopowder in photocatalytic removal of cadmium ions under visible light irradiation from wastewater indicates that the rate constant has been enhanced almost four times in the photocatalysis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fundamentals of endoscopic surgery (FES) completion is mandatory for certification by the American Board of Surgery (ABS). As early simulation and competency assessment can bolster development of trainee proficiency, we sought to determine the optimal timing for FES examination by evaluating pass rates based on training level and previous endoscopic experience. Methods: PGY2-5 residents at a university-based medical center who were novice to FES were assigned to complete FES training and testing. Training year, prior endoscopic experience, and FES exam scores were recorded with pre- and post-test surveys. Results: Most residents in the program (88%) were able to complete FES training and testing within a single academic year. Most required only a single faculty-led session (88%) to feel confident to take the exam, augmented by varying numbers of independent practice sessions (50% 1–2, 19% 3–5, 27% > 5). After training, most (84%) felt confident that they would pass the exam, and 93% did so on their first attempt. While higher written exam scores were noted in the PGY5 group, there were no other statistically significant differences in overall pass rates or technical exam scores based on PGY level (p = 0.24). A number of previously completed endoscopic cases did not correlate with exam scores (p = 0.24 written, p = 0.91 technical). Conclusion: Fundamentals of endoscopic surgery (FES) certification can be successfully completed by junior level general surgery residents regardless of previous endoscopic experience. Moving this exam to earlier training years can benefit resident development and preparedness in the clinical setting without negatively impacting pass rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction/Justification: While fluorine-2-D-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT is commonly used in the assessment of breast cancer, it has limitations, such as its inability to distinguish it from inflammatory and infectious conditions. In this context, another molecular imaging tool, PET/CT with 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), is emerging as a promising alternative. Preliminary data from the literature already shows comparable sensitivity between these exams in breast cancer with estrogen receptors. In addition, the latter seems relevant because it correlates with the concentration of these receptors, shows their expression non-invasively and suggests a theoretical gain in specificity. Objectives: To evaluate whether 18F-FES PET/CT provides supplementary information to clinical reasoning when compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, and comparative analysis was performed using information stored in the databases of a private institution regarding 18F-FES PET/CT scans performed in the context of breast cancer. The selection criteria required a complementary scan using 18F-FDG, which was met by thirteen out of the 14 tests found, however, one study was excluded from the analysis because its indication could not be precisely classified with the available data. Results: The twelve selected tests were carried out between August 2022 and March 2024, on females with a mean age of 62.16 years. The time interval between studies using positron-emitting radioisotopes (18F-FES and 18F-FDG) ranged from 1 to 29 days. The administered activity of 18F-FES varied from 4.0 to 10.0 mCi, and the interval between administration and image acquisition ranged from 45 to 130 minutes. Among the findings showing 18F-fluoroestradiol uptake, breast lesions and thoracic lymph nodes were the most common, present in six and five reports, respectively. The indications for the scans varied, with ten intended for staging/restaging and two to address clinical uncertainty about the presence of estrogen receptors. In 40% of the staging/restaging subgroup, 18F-fluoroestradiol contributed to the clinical reasoning. 18F-FES showed uptake in lymph nodes without hypermetabolism and was able to provide diagnostic specificity, either by raising suspicion in a finding initially taken as benign or by predicting false-positive metabolic findings due to the absence of estrogen receptors. Regarding the evaluation of hormone receptor expression status, 18F-fluoroestradiol has supported a proposed change in the tumoral immunohistochemistry of a lesion non-invasively. Conclusion: 18F-FES PET/CT appears to provide additional relevant information in breast cancer, but future studies should evaluate the method's impact on clinical management.

IntroductionHand opening is reduced by abnormal wrist and finger flexor activity in many individuals with stroke. This flexor activity also limits hand opening produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of finger and wrist extensor muscles. Recent advances in electrical nerve block technologies have the potential to mitigate this abnormal flexor behavior, but the actual impact of nerve block on hand opening in stroke has not yet been investigated.MethodsIn this study, we applied the local anesthetic ropivacaine to the median and ulnar nerve to induce a complete motor block in 9 individuals with stroke and observed the impact of this block on hand opening as measured by hand pentagonal area. Volitional hand opening and FES-driven hand opening were measured, both while the arm was fully supported on a haptic table (Unloaded) and while lifting against gravity (Loaded). Linear mixed effect regression (LMER) modeling was used to determine the effect of Block.ResultsThe ropivacaine block allowed increased hand opening, both volitional and FES-driven, and for both unloaded and loaded conditions. Notably, only the FES-driven and Loaded condition’s improvement in hand opening with the block was statistically significant. Hand opening in the FES and Loaded condition improved following nerve block by nearly 20%.ConclusionOur results suggest that many individuals with stroke would see improved hand-opening with wrist and finger flexor activity curtailed by nerve block, especially when FES is used to drive the typically paretic finger and wrist extensor muscles. Such a nerve block (potentially produced by aforementioned emerging electrical nerve block technologies) could thus significantly address prior observed shortcomings of FES interventions for individuals with stroke.

Background Stroke is ischemia and neurological dysfunction caused by acute brain circulation loss. It causes acute localized neurological abnormalities such as weakness, sensory deficit, or language issues that require long-term treatment. These deficiencies harm the patient and their family psychologically, socially, and economically. Thus, combination treatment can rapidly rehabilitate such patients. Detoxification methods like Ayurvedic medicated enema help stroke pathophysiology. Physical modalities in physiotherapy have been shown to facilitate normal movement and function on the stroke patient’s affected side, increasing independence with everyday duties. A stroke patient may benefit from Dashmoola Niruha Vasti, Function Electrical Stimulation (FES), and Motor Relearning Programme (MRP). Aim & Objectives This study compares the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Vasti with MRP and FES in stroke recovery. The main goals of this study are to assess and compare the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Vasti with standard control over sensorimotor function of lower extremities; static & dynamic balance in stroke patients; gait parameters; resistance experienced during passive range of motion; quality of life of patients; Barthel Index; Modified Ashworth Scale; and Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test. Methods A total of 40 patients will be enrolled and divided randomly into two equal groups. In Group A (control), standard treatment (modern + physiotherapy) will be prescribed for one month. In Group B (interventional group), Dashmoola Vasti will be added to the afore-said standard treatment for one month. Expected results Improvement in Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional reach test, quality of life of patients, Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth scale and National Institute of Health (NIH) stroke-scale-score, will be observed and recorded. Conclusions Results and conclusions will be derived according to the data collected in case record form and assessment sheets filled at baseline and follow-up visits. Trial registration CTRI/2021/10/037445 dated 21.10.2021.

An important way to obtain PbS and FeS is the thermal decomposition of Jamesonite. However, the mechanism of PbS–FeS interaction is unknown. In order to explore the separation effect of PbS and FeS, thermodynamic calculation, dynamic simulation and vacuum distillation experiments were used to explore the interaction mechanism of PbS and FeS. The decomposition and volatilization temperatures of PbS and FeS were obtained by thermodynamic calculation. The difference of saturated vapor pressure indicates that there is a tendency of separation between them. The ab initio molecular dynamics method was used to calculate the density of states of PbS and FeS at different temperatures, indicating that the FeS(114) structure is more stable than the PbS(200) structure, and the Pb–S bond is easier to break than the Fe–S bond at the same temperature. The experimental results of vacuum distillation show that the volatilization temperature of PbS is much lower than that of FeS, and FeS can only volatilize into the gas phase at a higher temperature. The theoretical calculation method is consistent with the experimental results, which shows that the thermodynamic calculation and dynamic simulation methods are reliable in predicting the volatilization and separation of crystal structures. The interaction mechanism between PbS and FeS was explored from the theoretical point of view to provide theoretical guidance for vacuum distillation experiment.

Objective: Niccolite, a rare nickel arsenide mineral, has emerged as a promising source for nickel extraction. However, its processing is limited and often associated with toxicity concerns. This study aims to search for efficient separation of arsenic during the roasting process of niccolite.Methods: The arsenic-containing phase was optimized through changing the contents of oxygen, additive S, and additive FeS in the system to achieve efficient separation of arsenic during the roasting process of niccolite. Thermodynamic analysis was performed using the equilibrium composition module with HSC Chemistry.Results: The thermodynamic results showed that in direct roasting, the product contained ferric arsenate which immobilized arsenic in the solid phase, increasing the difficulty in separation. In the presence of sulfur, the arsenic may escape completely in the form of gas (As2O3, As4O4, As4O6). The use of FeS as the reductant significantly reduced the residual arsenic content.Conclusion: The FeS reduction in roasting process is an optimal strategy for arsenic removal from niccolite. This provides a novel technique for nickel extraction in industry.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS), persulfate (PS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) activated using iron-based materials are widely used for recalcitrant wastewater oxidation. In this study, iron sulfide (FeS), a ubiquitously distributed iron-containing mineral, is used as an activator of PMS, PS, and H2O2 for Allura Red AC (AR AC) decoloration. The results demonstrated that FeS/PMS, FeS/PS, and FeS/H2O2 can effectively decolorize 0.05 mM AR AC, and the decoloration efficiencies were 95.24%, 84.15%, and 88.18%, respectively, within 30 min with dosages of 5 mM oxidants and FeS. Moreover, FeS/PMS, FeS/PS, and FeS/H2O2 enable the disposal of AR AC effluents containing different concentrations of inorganic salts (other than CO32−), and humic acid. Moreover, FeS demonstrates excellent flexibility and recyclability on PMS, PS, and H2O2 activation for AR AC decoloration. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is the primary reactive oxygen species responsible for the decoloration and mineralization of AR AC by FeS/PMS, FeS/PS, and FeS/H2O2. Therefore, FeS is a versatile activator, and FeS/PMS, FeS/PS, and FeS/H2O2 are highly recommended as the alternative AOPs in the future for AR AC effluent purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most controversial issues of Ottoman-Turkish modernization is the headgear issue. The fez, which caused serious reactions when it was worn on the heads for the first time during the reign of Mahmud II, gained a religious identity over time and became a symbol of Ottomanism. Because of cultural motivations, in the mental world of the Ottomans, a contrasting relationship was established between the fez and the hat of the Europeans, which was seen in many parts of the Empire in the 19th century. In this study, the headdress problem in the Ottoman Empire is discussed around the archive documents containing the hat ban practices between 1876-1914. In this study, the headgear problem in the Ottoman Empire is discussed around the archive documents containing the hat ban practices between 1876-1914. In addition, the characteristics of the regions where measures are taken not to wear hats, the occupations of hat wearers and the socio-economic environment they belong to, expressions that clearly reveal the perception of the fez and hat, and the motives that are effective in hat bans are revealed. This study, though, does not ignore this cultural and historical background, it reveals that the main determining factor in the hat ban practices during the periods of Abdulhamid II and The Second Contitutional was the political conjuncture. Abdulhamid II, who pursued an Islamist policy and emphasized the caliphate, gave importance to symbolic elements such as the fez. In this period, due to the concern about the rupture of the critical provinces of the Empire, the importance of a "sovereignty" symbol indicating the presence of the state in these regions was attributed to the fez. The Practices during the Second Constitutional period were affected by the public order problem and concerns about the security of a regime that had not yet been consolidated. İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası (The Union and Progress Party) was concerned that the people might be agitated and led to an anti-Constitutional movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As persulfate (S2O82−) is being increasingly used as an alternative oxidizing agent, developing low-cost and eco-friendly catalysts for efficient S2O82− activation is potentially useful for the treatment of wastewater containing refractory organic pollutant. In this study, the degradative features and mechanisms of carbamazepine (CBZ) were systematically investigated in a novel FeS- S2O82− process under near-neutral conditions. The results exhibited that CBZ can be effectively eliminated by the FeS-S2O82− process and the optimal conditions were: 250 mg/L FeS, 0.5 mmol/L S2O82−, and pH = 6.0. The existence of Cl− (1 and 50 mmol/L) has little influence on the CBZ elimination, while both HCO3− and HPO42− (1 and 50 mmol/L) significantly suppressed the CBZ removal in the FeS-S2O82− process. CBZ could be degraded via a radical mechanism in the FeS-S2O82− process, the working radical species (i.e., SO4•− and •OH) were efficiently formed via the promoted decomposition of S2O82− by the surface Fe2+ on the FeS and the dissolved ferrous ions in solution. Based on the identified oxidized products and Fukui index calculations, a possible degradation pathway of CBZ was speculated. More importantly, a two-stage oxidation mechanism of CBZ elimination was speculated in the FeS-S2O82− process, the activation of S2O82− by the surface-active Fe(II) of FeS dominated in the initial 5 min, while homogeneous oxidation reactions played more essential parts than others in the following reaction stage (5–60 min). Overall, this study demonstrated that the FeS-S2O82− process is capable of removing CBZ from water efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Back pain is common in ridden horses. Back diseases in horses include Impinging Dorsal Spinous Processes, Ventral Spondylosis, Osteoarthritis of Articular Process, Intervertebral Discs Disease, Vertebral Fractures, Conformational Abnormalities, Desmopathy of the Supraspinous Ligament, Desmopathy of the Intraspinous Ligament, and Longissimus Muscle Strain. Back pain may also develop as a result of lameness (particularly hindlimb lameness). A poorly fitting saddle and an unbalanced rider are also considered important factors influencing the development of back pain in horses. The conventional diagnosis of equine back pain includes a clinical examination and diagnostic imaging examination using ultrasound, radiography, and thermography. Advanced diagnostic modalities of equine back pain involve the objectification of standard procedures through the use of algometers, a lameness locator, biometric mats, and the geometric morphometrics method. In addition to modern diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography and scintigraphy, advances in the diagnosis of equine back pain include the use of electromyography and functional electrical stimulation. The aim of this review article is to familiarize clinicians with the usefulness and capabilities of conventional diagnostic protocols and advanced diagnostic modalities. Although orthopedic examination and traditional diagnostic methods will remain the foundation of the diagnosis of back diseases, modern methods meet the growing expectations towards high-performance horses and allow for deeper diagnostics and objective monitoring of rehabilitation and training progress.

Introduction: [18F]Fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) PET/CT has been proposed as a tool for detecting the oestrogen receptor density in patients with metastatic breast cancer (BC) non-invasively across all disease localizations. However, its diagnostic potential in terms of the detection rate (DR) of metastases is unclear. In this study, we pitted this method against [18F]FDG PET/CT and tried to identify predictors of the diagnostic superiority of the [18F] FES-based method. Materials and methods: From a multicentre database, we enrolled all patients with metastatic BC who had undergone both [18F]FES PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT. Two readers assessed both images independently and used a patient-based (PBA) and lesion-based analysis (LBA) to calculate the DR. Pathology-related and clinical factors were tested as predictors of [18F]FES PET/CT superiority using a multivariate model. Results: 92 patients, bearing a total of 2678 metastases, were enrolled. On PBA, the DR of [18F]FDG and [18F]FES PET/CT was 97% and 86%, respectively (p = 0.018). On LBA, the [18F]FES method proved more sensitive than [18F]FDG PET/CT in lymph nodes, bone, lung and soft tissue (p < 0.01). This greater sensitivity was associated with lobular histology, both on PBA (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.4, 95%CI 1.0–12.3) and on LBA (OR 4.4, 95%CI 1.2–16.1 for lymph node metastases and OR 3.29, 95%CI 1.1–10.2 for bone localizations). Conclusions: The overall DR of [18F]FES PET/CT appears to be lower than that of [18F]FDG PET/CT on PBA. However, the [18F]FES method, if positive, can identify more lesions than [18F]FDG at most sites. The higher sensitivity of [18F]FES PET/CT was associated with lobular histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire Colonial et Impériale is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nitrogen-sulfur co-doped FeS/C nanofibers (N, S-FeS/C) have been prepared by electrospinning followed by carbonization and sulfuration at high temperature. At the same time, the effect of sulfuration temperature on the lithium and potassium storage properties of N, S-FeS/C are investigated. The N, S co-doped carbon layer can suppress the agglomeration and volume expansion of FeS particles during the charge–discharge process, coupled with good electronic conductivity of carbon matrix and good crystallinity of FeS particles at optimized sulfuration temperature. And the N, S-FeS/C obtained by sulfuration at 600 °C exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), which shows high reversible capacities of 653 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 250 cycles in LIBs and 270 mAh g−1 after 190 cycles at 20 mA g−1 in PIBs. The N, S-FeS/C are promising anode materials for both LIBs and PIBs that could be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lax eyelid condition (LEC) and floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) represent two distinct conditions which have been associated with several ocular and systemic comorbidities. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the available literature to estimate the prevalence rate of LEC and FES in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO. Four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) were searched from inception to December 24, 2021. A random intercept logistic regression model was carried out for the analysis of overall proportions. Odds ratio and mean difference were reported as measures of the effect size in the presence of binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. The estimated numbers of LEC/FES patients in OSA were calculated by multiplying the prevalence rate determined by our random-effects model and the corresponding Benjafield et al.'s population prospect. Results: We included 11 studies comprising 1225 OSA patients of whom 431 and 153 affected by LEC and FES, respectively. Our model estimated a pooled prevalence rate for LEC and FES in OSA patients of 40.2% (95%CI: 28.6–53.1%) and of 22.4% (95%CI: 13.8–34.2%), respectively. The number of LEC/FES affected individuals among OSA patients is expected to peak up to 376 and to 210 million, respectively. OSA patients appeared to have a 3.4 (95%CI: 2.2–5.2) and a 3.0 (95%CI: 1.7–5.5) increased risk of developing LEC and FES than the healthy counterpart. Conclusion: Prevalence of LEC and FES is higher in OSA-affected patients compared to controls. More studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms leading to the development of LEC and/or FES in OSA patients, as well as the feasibility of the adoption of these clinical findings as screening tools for OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autotrophic denitrifying bioreactor with iron sulfide (FeS) as the electron donor was operated to remove ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) synergistically from wastewater for more than 298 d. The concentration of FeS greatly affected the removal of NH4+/NO3−. Additionally, a low hydraulic retention time worsened the removal efficiency of NH4+/NO3−. When the hydraulic retention time was 12 h, the optimal removal was achieved with NH4+ and NO3− removal percentages both above 88%, and the corresponding nitrogen removal loading rates of NH4+ and NO3− were 49.1 and 44.0 mg/(L·d), respectively. The removal of NH4+ mainly occurred in the bottom section of the bioreactor through sulfate/ferric reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Sulfammox/Feammox), nitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) by functional microbes such as Nitrospira, Nitrosomonas, and Candidatus Kuenenia. Meanwhile, NO3− was mainly removed in the middle and upper sections of the bioreactor through autotrophic denitrification by Ferritrophicum, Thiobacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Pseudomonas, which possessed complete denitrification-related genes with high relative abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of Cr(VI) by FeS under anoxic conditions has been studied extensively. However, when the redox environments alternate from anoxic to oxic, the effect of FeS on the fate of Cr(VI) in the presence of organic matters still remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of FeS coupled with humic acids (HA) and alga on the transformation of Cr(VI) under dynamic anoxic/oxic conditions. HA could promote the reduction of Cr(VI) from 86.6% to 100% under anoxic conditions due to the enhancement of the dissolution and dispersibility of FeS particles by HA. However, the strong complexing and oxidizing properties of alga inhibited the reduction of FeS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from FeS oxidation under oxic conditions could oxidize 3.80 μM of Cr(III) to aqueous Cr(VI) at pH 5.0, while aqueous Cr(VI) reached to 4.83 μM in the presence of HA, which was ascribed to the increasing amount of free radicals. In addition, acidic conditions and excess FeS would increase strong reducing Fe(II) and S(-II) species, and improve the efficiency of Fenton reaction. The findings provided new insights into the fate of Cr(VI) in aquatic systems containing FeS and organic matters under dynamic anoxic/oxic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The American Board of Surgery (ABS) has required Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery (FES) certification for general surgery applicants since 2018. Flexible Endoscopy Curriculum (FEC) completion is recommended prior to taking the FES exam. The objective of the study was to determine if FEC completion prepares individuals to pass the FES manual skills test. Methods: Participants included first-attempt FES examinees from June 2014 to February 2019. De-identified data were reviewed, Self-reported data included gender, PGY, glove size, upper (UE) and lower (LE) endoscopy experience, simulation training time, and participation in an endoscopy rotation (ER). FES skills exam performance was reported by FES staff. Those completing all vs. none of the FEC were compared. Results: Of 2023 participants identified, 809 (40.0%) reported completion of all FEC components, 1053 (52.1%) completed of some, and 161 (8.0%) completed none. Men and candidates taking FES later in residency were more likely to complete all FEC requirements (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). FES pass rates were higher for those who completed all FEC components compared to those who completed none (88.4% vs 72.7%, p < 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, completion of all components (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.7, p < 0.001) and male gender (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.7, p < 0.001) were predictors of passing, while glove size (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.5, p = 0.08), simulator time (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.4, p = 0.37) and PGY were not (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.4, p = 0.38). On multivariate analysis controlling for glove size and gender, completion of all FEC components was still associated with a higher likelihood of passing the FES skills exam (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Completion of FEC is strongly associated with passing the FES skills test. This study supports the ABS recommendation for completion of FEC prior to taking the FES skills test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive lobular cancer (ILC) is the second most frequent histological type of breast cancer (BC) and includes a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases with unique characteristics, especially the infiltrative growth pattern and metastatic spread. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is extensively used in oncology and BC patient evaluation. Its role in ILCs is considered suboptimal due to its low FDG avidity. Therefore, ILCs could benefit from molecular imaging with non-FDG tracers that target other specific pathways, contributing to precision medicine. This narrative review aims to summarize the current literature on the use of FDG-PET/CT in ILC and to discuss future opportunities given by the development of innovative non-FDG radiotracers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]