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Objective: Splenectomy is performed in 4-32% of cytoreductive surgeries for ovarian cancer. The objective of our study was to assess splenectomy and evaluate its impact on overall and disease-free survival., Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study between January 2000 and December 2016. Patients who underwent a cytoreduction for epithelial ovarian cancer, regardless of stage and surgical approach, were eligible for the study. Patients deemed not operable were excluded from the study. Patients were stratified into two groups, splenectomy or no splenectomy. A univariate analysis followed by a multivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate the postoperative complications after splenectomy and the overall and disease-free survival., Results: This cohort included 464 patients. Disease stages, peritoneal carcinomatosis scores, and the rate of radical surgery (Pomel classification) were significantly higher in the splenectomy group, p=0.04, p<0.0001, and p<0.001, respectively. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of complete cytoreduction between the two groups (p=0.26) after multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, splenectomy was significantly associated with extensive surgical procedures. In multivariate analysis, the two more prevalent complications in the splenectomy group were the risk of abdominopelvic lymphocele (overall response (OR) =4.2; p=0.01) and blood transfusion (OR=2.4; p=0.008). The average length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the splenectomy group, 17.4 vs 14.6 days (p<0.0001). The delay in adjuvant chemotherapy was longer in the splenectomy group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in overall and disease-free survival (p=0.09) and (p=0.79), respectively., Conclusion: Splenectomy may be considered an acceptable and safe procedure; however, with no impact on overall or disease-free survival. In addition, it is associated with longer hospital stay and longer time to chemotherapy., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© IGCS and ESGO 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: The French national rare gynecological tumor network has been established to improve the quality of care through offering expertise in double reading histological diagnosis, reviewing cases and guiding management of these tumors through specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards and online clinical guidelines (www.ovaire-rare.com). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the development and implementation of this network by assessing the conformity of medical practice with the guidelines concerning the granulosa cell tumors (GCTs)., Methods: This is a French nationwide study, including 463 patients (out of the 639 identified patients) with a definitive diagnosis of GCT between 2011 and 2016. Surgical practices were analyzed for conformity with the current guidelines (www.ovaire-rare.org). Medical records, surgical and pathological reports were systematically analyzed. Total conformity was defined by a conservative (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) or radical surgery (hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) including surgical staging (omentectomy, peritoneal biopsies and peritoneal cytology) according to the FIGO stage. Partial conformity referred to a conservative or radical surgery without surgical staging and non-conformity was defined as a non-optimal surgery as recommended by the guidelines., Results: Median age at diagnosis was 49 years old (range 10-89). The median size of tumor was 94 mm (range 5-400). Radical surgery was performed in 240 patients (52%); while a fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 98 cases (21%). A surgical staging was performed in 76 cases (16%) and an evaluation of the endometrium in 289 cases (62%). Surgery was fully compliant with the guidelines in 65 patients (14%), partially compliant in 213 patients (46%), non-compliant in 137 patients (30%) and not assessable in 48 cases (10%). A statistically significant difference for compliance was observed in restaging surgery (p < 0,001), radical surgery (p = 0,017) and the period (before or after) of the implementation of the network (p < 0,001). Survival analyses did not allow us to demonstrate a significant difference in overall survival nor in PFS although there was a trend in favor of optimal surgery compared to incomplete/non optimal surgery., Conclusion: Surgical management's conformity to the guidelines increases over time from 2011 to 2016. According to this study, the implementation of a national network dedicated to rare gynecologic tumors seems to significantly improve the surgical management of the patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Description of fertility and prognosis of patients with borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) treated by fertility-sparing surgery through a longitudinal study from the French national cancer network., Methods: All consecutive patients diagnosed with BOT from the French National Network dedicated to Ovarian Malignant Rare Tumors from 2010 and 2017 were selected. In 2018, an update was made by sending a questionnaire regarding recurrence and fertility to patients aged under 43 years at diagnosis and treated conservatively. We compared the characteristics of the patients with/without recurrence and with/without live birth., Results: Fifty-two patients aged 18 to 42 years presented a desire of pregnancy. Thirty patients (58%) presented a FIGO IA tumor, and 20 patients were treated by bilateral cystectomies (38%). We observed at least one live birth for 33 patients (63%) and local recurrences in 20 patients (38%). Both recurrence and live birth in 17 patients (33%) were reported, with recurrence occurring before pregnancy, after a second fertility-sparing treatment, in half of the cases. No factors associated with recurrence or live birth in this study were identified. Moreover, in this population, both recurrence and live birth were independent of age, with a linear risk along time. Disease-free survival was worse for patients treated with bilateral cystectomy (n = 20, 38%), with no difference in terms of fertility., Conclusion: Two third of the patients experienced life birth after conservation surgery. We did not highlight an age/time from surgery for which the risk of recurrence outweighs the chance of pregnancy and to radicalize surgery. Moreover, almost a quarter of the live birth occurred after recurrence, with no more further event to date in these patients. The results encourage to consider a second fertility-sparing surgery after local borderline recurrence in the case of pregnancy desire. All these decisions must be discussed in specialized multidisciplinary boards., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The group of rare malignant ovarian tumors includes the group of germ cell tumors, sex cords stromal ovarian tumors, small cell carcinoma, malignant Brenner tumors, rare epithelial tumors such as mucinous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, or low-grade serous carcinoma, as well as ovarian carcinosarcoma. Together they comprise about 10% of all ovarian tumors. Due to their low prevalence and their heterogeneity, data and treatment recommendations are limited. Even though all ovarian tumors are staged according to the FIGO staging of epithelial ovarian tumors, treatment differs especially in germ cell tumors and sex cords stromal ovarian tumors. Non-epithelial ovarian tumors can arise from a variety of ovarian precursor cells such as germ cells, granulosa cells, theca cells, or stromal fibroblasts. As can be expected already due to their divergent precursor lesions, these malignancies are substantially different but united by their rarity. This overview article gives a comprehensive summary on the pathology and clinical presentation, as well as therapy recommendations of a selection of those rare ovarian tumors, based on the latest national guidelines and related important publications., (Copyright © 2020 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients with comparable prognostic features have heterogeneous outcomes, party related to a possible radiotherapy resistance leading to local-regional recurrences (LRR). The objective of the present study was to identify predictive molecular biomarkers of LRR of BC., Patients and Methods: Genetic profile of 146 BC patients' tumours included in the ProfiLER clinical trial (NC01774409) between 2013 and 2016 were analysed using next-generation-sequencing and comparative-genomic-hybridization tests. Patients and tumour characteristics were retrospectively collected and analysed for association with genomic rearrangements (mutations, amplification, deletions). Only gene alterations observed in >3% of the tumours were selected., Results: A total of 193 genomic rearrangements were identified, and 16 were observed in >3% of tumours. One was statistically correlated to the risk of local relapse. A median loco-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) of 23.6 years was reported for PIK3CA mutation carriers (n = 31, 21.2%) versus 9.9 years for PIK3CA wild-type patients (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12-0.65, P = 0.002 in univariate analysis). PIK3CA mutation was identified as an independent protective factor on LRR using multivariate analysis (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.99, P = 0.047). All other mutations, amplifications or deletions were not found associated with LRPFS., Conclusion: PIK3CA mutation was associated with a lower risk of local relapse in this population of BCs. This is consistent with recent studies suggesting PIK3CA to be part of biological pathways impacting the radiosensitivity., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Purpose: Genital melanoma is a rare pathology. We present the experience of two comprehensive cancer centers in Lyon (France) in the management of genital melanoma in order to identify prognostic factors and optimal treatments., Methods: Between April 1992 and Mars 2014, 16 patients with a primary genital melanoma were referred to our department. Nine patients presented a vaginal melanoma, six vulvar melanomas and only one cervical melanoma. The median dimension of the lesion was 33.7 mm (5-100 mm). The AJCC stage ranged from IB to IIIC. 12 cases were the classic dark-blue flat melanoma and the other 4 cases were an atypical amelanotic tumor. Wide local surgery was performed in nine patients. A radical surgery was performed in six patients. In the large cervical melanoma, radiotherapy was performed as first-line treatment. In all the patients regional lymph node staging was performed. Adjuvant treatment was realized in nine patients., Results: Two patients are alive without recurrence. Only one patient was lost to the first follow-up. The other 13 patients experienced a rapid recurrence. The median disease-free survival and the median overall survival were 11.8 months (2-49 m) and of 30.4 m (11-144 m), respectively. The disease-free survival and overall survival could be linked to a clinical presentation (Breslow thickness and morphology of lesion) associated to the early diagnosis., Conclusions: In our small series, the most important prognosis factor remains the tumor thickness. These rare lesions should be treated in experienced centers in order to improve their prognostic.

Phyllodes tumors (PT) are uncommon fibroepithelial breast neoplasms and there is currently no clear consensual treatment for these tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the surgical management and outcome of benign and borderline PT. We retrospectively assessed 76 cases of benign or borderline PT managed at the Leon Berard comprehensive cancer center in Lyon, France between July 2003 and December 2013. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.9 years and the median follow-up was 58 months. Seventy-five patients (99%), with a mean tumor size of 27 mm, underwent a breast-conserving procedure. The tumor margins were considered positive (when the tumor was present at the inked surgical section) in seven of 76 cases (9%) and negative in 65 out of 76 cases (86%). We observed the presence of small negative surgical margins <10 mm in 89% and <1 mm in 71% of the patients. Although no re-excision was performed to increase these margins, we did not see any increase in the local recurrence rate (4%) when compared to recurrence rates reported in the literature. We thus suggest that systematic revision surgery for close or positive surgical margins for benign PT should not be systematically performed. However, as recurrences occur within 2 years of initial excision, we recommend a regular clinical and imaging follow-up especially during this period for which patient's compliance is essential., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objectives: We retrospectively reviewed all the cases of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) performed within a year after an immediate breast reconstruction procedure by a pedicled Latissimus dorsi, which is transferred to the anterior thoracic wall through an axillary funnel. Operative technical steps are described taking account of the new anatomical relationship of the axilla., Methods: We assessed postoperative immediate complications and late sequelaes., Results: From 1999 to 2013, 21 ALND were performed. Immediate postoperative period was free of complication in 85% of cases when following the operative steps described in this work. Partial or total necrosis of the reconstructed breast did not occur. With a median follow-up of 64 months, 6 patients (28% of the whole population) presented at least one sequelae like a feeling of heavy arm (n=2, 9%) or a lymphedema (n=3, 14%), a chronic neuropathic pain (n=4, 19%) or a limitation in the arm range of motion (n=2, 9%)., Conclusion: ALND after immediate breast reconstruction by a pedicled Latissimus dorsi is feasible and safe, without any additional postoperative complication in comparison with a classic ALND., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Isolated axillary lymph node metastases is an unusual clinical presentation of breast carcinoma. We studied its different issues., Methods: This study is a follow-up study of 16patients, treated between 1996 and 2012, presenting with axillary metastases with an occult breast carcinoma, which could not be identified by physical examination nor by a conventional imaging or a breast MRI. Clinical characteristics, histological analysis, treatment, monitoring and five-year survival rate were studied., Results: The incidence of this kind of breast cancer was 0.20%. A breast MRI was performed in 75% of the patients. The histology of these tumors showed a rate of hormono-sensibility of 50% and an HER2 overexpression of 44%. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had no breast surgery or radiotherapy; global five-year survival rate for these women was 77.4%±11.5., Conclusion: The survival rates of this study should lead the practitioner to choose a less aggressive breast therapy. Moreover, the histological characteristics explain the high metastatic potential of these tumors, and relate them to the HER2+ subclass of gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier SAS.)

Introduction: The status of regional node remains one of the most important factors to guide adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer (EC). Pelvic recurrence occurs in up to 15% of early EC patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes (LNs). The prognostic significance of detecting micrometastases (μM) in LN is debated. This retrospective case-control study performed in the Oncological Gynecology Department in Lyon between December 1998 and June 2012 reports the incidence and the clinical significance of μM detected during ultrastaging of negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) in EC., Patients and Methods: Ninety-three patients affected by type I and II EC were submitted to surgery with SLN. Dual-labeling method was used to detect SLN. All the SLNs were subjected to ultrastaging researching μM. The patients with a locoregional or distant relapse represented the case-series (CS). The patients without locoregional or distant recurrences were the case-controls (CC).They were matched (1:2 ratio) according to age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and histopathologic features., Results: Ten patients presenting a relapse represented CS. In the remaining 83 patients without recurrence, 20 CC were individualized. The detection rate of SLN per hemipelvis was of 17 (85%) of 20 hemipelvis and of 33 (82.5%) of 40 hemipelvis for CS and CC, respectively. Two SLN of CS arm were positives at frozen section. One of the 8 patients of CS arm with negative SLNs was positive for μM by immunohistochemistry analysis., Conclusions: Lymph node status is one of the most important histopathologic features to determine the adjuvant treatment. The SLN technique could be proposed in selected patients affected by early EC. The μM in SLN could be researched and could help to modulate the following treatment. The multicenter study must be performed to clarify the optimal method of research of SLN in EC and the significance of μM in the LN.

Introduction: Systematic metastasis staging in early breast cancer is no longer recommended. However, it is still performed before adjuvant chemotherapy., Materials and Methods: We assessed metastasis screening of asymptomatic women with a local breast cancer without lymph node involvement when adjuvant chemotherapy was indicated. The screening result was classified in 3 groups: "non-metastatic", "metastatic" and "suspect". For suspect screening, we analyzed the checking period and the consequences on cares., Results: Out of 1545 patients with possible indication of chemotherapy, 690 indications of chemotherapy were validated by multidisciplinary meeting. Six hundred and thirty-nine metastasis screening were done. Five hundred and fifty-five screenings (86.9 %) were "non-metastatic", 3 screenings (0.5 %) were "metastatic" and 81 screenings (12.7 %) were "suspect". Out of this 81 suspect screening, only 47 screening have been checked, using 61 further investigations. No breast cancer metastasis was finally identified., Conclusion: Low rate of metastasis suggest reassessing metastasis screening before adjuvant chemotherapy for patients without lymph node involvement., (Copyright © 2015 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Complication and survival analysis of cytoreduction surgery with modified posterior pelvic exenteration in the surgical treatment of the ovarian malignant tumor., Methods: A retrospective monocentric study between 2000 and 2013 in Rhone-Alpes cancer treatment center. One hundred and fifty-two patients with ovarian cancer and treated by surgery with modified posterior pelvic exenteration were included. Complication in the 30 days after surgery was analysed by the Clavien-Dindo classification., Results: In our study, rate of global complication was 62.5% with a morbidity rate of grave complication of 7.9%. Our rate of complete resection was 82.2%. Three fistulas (2.2%) were found. On average, there was 6.6±1.8 (2-11) surgery gesture associated with Hudson resection during surgery. In univariate analysis, there was a statistic significant association between complication from the rank II of Clavien-Dindo classification and supraradical surgery, post-chemotherapy surgery, recurrent surgery, the resection of a diaphragmatic dome, and the partial gastric resection. This association was also observed with the number of surgical gesture associated with Hudson resection., Conclusions: The main prognostic surgical factor in ovarian cancer is to obtain a no macroscopic residual disease. The modified posterior pelvic exenteration allowed to obtain it. Our study demonstrates a low rate of grave complication further to this type of surgery., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate outpatient satisfaction for breast cancer surgery and compare with inpatient satisfaction., Patients and Methods: Our observational prospective study included all patients who underwent breast cancer surgical procedure (breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy) between July and December 2013 in a cancer center. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire at discharge and 30 days after surgery., Results: One hundred and fifty-five patients (exclusively women) were included; the outpatient group comprised 102 patients and the inpatient group 53. The study showed no statistical difference in patients' satisfaction betweeen the two groups at discharge (P=0.20) and 30 days after surgery (P=0.30); 101 (99%) outpatients and 44 (95.7%) inpatients had very good or excellent level of satisfaction at discharge and 88 (92,7%) and 49 (98%), respectively 30 days after surgery. The overall mean satisfaction score was 9.1±1.2 [3-10] at discharge and 8.7±1.3 [3-10] 30 days after surgery., Discussion and Conclusion: Our study found high degree of satisfaction after breast surgery for cancer both for outpatients and inpatients. This suggests that ambulatory surgery is possible and valid for this type of oncologic breast surgery., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier SAS.)

Background: Because of underestimation, surgical excision is recommended for atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed on directional vacuum-assisted biopsies. The following guidelines have been established according to our retrospective study published in 2008: excision for lesions ≥ 21 mm, follow-up for lesions <6 mm with complete removal of microcalcifications, and follow-up or excision for 6 to 21-mm lesions with respectively less or >2 atypical ductal hyperplasia foci., Methods and Results: These guidelines were assessed in a prospective series of 124 patients with a median follow-up of 30 months. Conformity rate was 92%. Upgrading was 28% (15 of 53 patients) for conformed surgery and absent for surgery performed beyond the scope of guidelines. For the patients with benign result at surgery (n = 38) or just followed (n = 61), 3 cancers occurred in either breast at 1 to 3 years., Conclusions: These convenient guidelines can safely spare surgery for a subset of patients. However, annual mammographic follow-up is recommended since the risk of subsequent cancer remains high for both breasts., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We report two cases of spontaneous regression of breast cancer occurred in our institution. It was about a 34- and an 82-year-old patient. The examination revealed a palpable nodule. In both cases, biopsy revealed a negative immunohistochemical staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and HER-2 negative. Histological analysis of the surgical specimen found fibrous tissue rearrangement without carcinoma. In the first case, a sarcoidosis was diagnosed at the same time, the mediastinal nodes mimicked a metastatic cancer. These cases illustrate a rare phenomenon. The main hypothesis is a carcinoma- directed immune response triggered by the biopsy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)