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ilustraciones, fotografías, tablas Utilizando un enfoque descriptivo y relacional basado en la literatura y el examen directo a través de la disección del antebrazo y las regiones anatómicas palmar, tenar, hipotenar de la mano humana, se explora la ubicación específica de los músculos intrínsecos y extrínsecos involucrados en la actividad de la mano. Utilizando el material e insumos para disección del laboratorio de anfiteatro en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá; se desarrolla el registro gráfico base de este trabajo. El resultado es un inventario muscular que proporciona una idea de las características morfológicas y posicionales del antebrazo y la mano, enfocado desde el punto de vista de la musculatura que participa en la actividad manual. Es una guía para el lector y especialmente para los estudiantes en los campos relacionados con la salud. Así mismo, se desarrolla una herramienta de consulta online de tal forma que se pueda acceder de manera práctica a la información desde condiciones remotas y asincrónicas. (Texto tomado de la fuente). Using a descriptive and relational approach based on the literature and direct examination through dissection of the forearm and the palmar, thenar, and hypothenar anatomical regions of the human hand, the specific location of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles involved in activity hand is explored. Using the material and supplies for dissection of the amphitheater laboratory in the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Colombia, Bogotá headquarters; the base graphic record of this work is developed. The result is a muscle inventory that provides an idea of the morphological and positional characteristics of the forearm and hand, focused from the point of view of the muscles involved in manual activity. It is a guide for the reader and especially for students in health-related fields. Likewise, an online consultation tool is developed in such a way that information can be accessed in a practical way from remote and asynchronous conditions. Maestría Magíster en Morfología Humana Descriptiva - Documental Descriptiva - documental

The most reliable prognostic factors associated with Upper Extremity (UE) recovery are localized motor impairments, especially in the musculature of the hand and abduction of the shoulder in the first days after a stroke. Evaluation of the biomechanics of the hand allows an accurate identification of the motion arcs of the digital joints. Objective: Assess the prognostic value of the range of motion of the finger joints using an instrumental glove (CyberGlove II®) one week after stroke for UE functional recovery at 6 months. Methodology: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study with follow-ups at 3-4 days, 1 week, 3 and 6months of patients with UE motor impairment. Variables collected included: demographic data, level of stroke severity (NIHSS), deep sensitivity, sphincter incontinence, Fugl Meyer Assessment of UE (FM-UE), muscle balance with the Medical Research Council (MRC), muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale) and pre- and post-stroke functional ability (Barthel Index and Modified Rankin Scale). Active range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the index, middle finger, annulary, and little finger was assessed with CyberGlove II® without and against gravity. The dependent variable UE function was evaluated with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) categorized as good function (ARAT=10) and poor function (ARAT

Different types of neurological deficits and sequels in the upper extremities that affect the activities of daily living (ADL) in patients who have undergone stroke have been analyzed from a subjective clinical point of view. The aim of this work is to show a novel environment to simulate the initial improvement of the upper limb functions a few days after stroke and simulate the functional recovery of patients under a rehabilitation program. Eighteen patients in the first seven days of stroke were selected. Five men and thirteen women participated in the experiments. After six months, six of them recovered all the functionality of the hand tested with the ARAT test and wearing a Ciberglobe system, five recovered part of the hand functionality, and seven did not show apparent recovery of the functionality of the hand.

Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation (RAR) is relevant for treating patients affected by nervous system injuries (e.g., stroke and spinal cord injury) -- The accurate estimation of the joint angles of the patient limbs in RAR is critical to assess the patient improvement -- The economical prevalent method to estimate the patient posture in Exoskeleton-based RAR is to approximate the limb joint angles with the ones of the Exoskeleton -- This approximation is rough since their kinematic structures differ -- Motion capture systems (MOCAPs) can improve the estimations, at the expenses of a considerable overload of the therapy setup -- Alternatively, the Extended Inverse Kinematics Posture Estimation (EIKPE) computational method models the limb and Exoskeleton as differing parallel kinematic chains -- EIKPE has been tested with single DOFmovements of the wrist and elbow joints -- This paper presents the assessment of EIKPEwith elbow-shoulder compoundmovements (i.e., object prehension) -- Ground-truth for estimation assessment is obtained from an optical MOCAP (not intended for the treatment stage) -- The assessment shows EIKPE rendering a good numerical approximation of the actual posture during the compoundmovement execution, especially for the shoulder joint angles -- This work opens the horizon for clinical studies with patient groups, Exoskeleton models, and movements types

Objetivo: Mostrar un nuevo sistema para simular la recuperación inicial de las funciones de la extremidad superior los primeros días después del ictus y simular la recuperación funcional de los pacientes bajo los programas de rehabilitación. Pacientes y metodología: Seleccionamos 29 pacientes en los primeros cuatro días después de padecer un ictus, valorados a los tres y siete días y uno, tres y seis meses, recogiendo tipo de ictus, clasificación (escala de Oxford), déficit neurológico (escala de NIHSS), medidas de discapacidad, valoración de la función motora de la extremidad superior (escala de Fugl-Meyer), tono muscular y balance muscular de la extremidad superior. Resultados: Los pacientes que presentaron un tono muscular disminuido tuvieron más dificultad en mejorar el control motor de las articulaciones de la extremidad superior. Los pacientes TACI presentaron mayor déficit neurológico, mientras que los tipos de ictus POCI y LACI tenían una función motora mejor con mayor independencia para el desarrollo de sus actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusión: La simulación virtual del brazo y la mano en pacientes afectados por un ictus proporciona a los médicos y fisioterapeutas una nueva herramienta que permite simular la evolución de los déficits en algunos pacientes.

Different types of neurological deficits and sequels in the upper extremities that affect the activities of daily living in patients who have undergone stroke, have been analyzed from a subjective clinical point of view. Prognosis recovery after stroke depends on many factors, among which are included individualized program of rehabilitation and cooperation of patients. Simulation patients in the beginning of stroke. The aim of this work is to show a novel environment to simulate the initial improvement upper limb functions a few days after stroke and simulate the functional recovery of patients under a rehabilitation program. Twenty-nine patients in the first four days post stroke were selected. Inclusion criteria were: over eighteen years of age, collaborative patients, and neurological deficits in upper extremities post stroke without a previous history of stroke of motor sequelae second to other neurological or osteoarticular diseases that might identify pre-existing disability. Assessments were performed with 3-4 days and 7 days and 1, and 3 months post stroke recording the following variables: demographics, stroke type, stroke classification according to the Oxford scale, neurological deficit determined by the NIHSS, disability measures (Barthel’s Index, Rankin Scale), assessment of the motor dysfunction of the upper extremities according to the Fugl-Meyer Scale as well as muscle tone (Ashworth’s Scale) and muscle balance of the upper extremities. We measured the deficits of angles, lengths and range of motion for the arm and hand affected. These measures were implemented in a virtual environment with 29 DOF for each arm and hand. The different types of deficit and sequelae seen in the upper extremities of stroke patients impairing their activities of daily living have been analysed from a subjective clinical standpoint based on clinical and functional assessments. The prognosis for recovery of each patient very much depends on many factors, which can be found in the rehabilitation program and individual goals together with the collaboration afforded by the patients themselves while they are unaware a priori of the objective outcome of the rehabilitation process.