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Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases displayed a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of histone methylation, while the systematic identification and functional researches of JmjC domain-containing gene family have not been conducted in Mung bean (VrJMJ genes). According to the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationship with their orthologs from Glycine max, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa, a total of 18 VrJMJ genes were identified and divided into four clades (KDM3, KDM5. PKDM8, and PKDM9). Interspecies co-collinearity analysis showed the significant JmjC gene duplication events which have occurred during the Papilionoideae evolution. The exon/intron and domain organization of VrJMJ genes from the same clade (or subclade) were similar. All VrJMJ proteins contained a conserved JmjC domain, meanwhile other essential domains also have been found in some specific VrJMJ proteins which responsible for their functions. Numerous abiotic stress and light response related cis-elements associating with transcriptional regulation that were demonstrated in the promoter regions of VrJMJ genes (ProVrJMJs). Expression profiles of VrJMJ genes in different tissues showed that most genes displayed a tissue-specific expression in roots or leaves. The acronym RT-qPCR results showed that all VrJMJ genes displayed different degrees of abiotic stress (drought, salinity, and cold) and photoperiodic responses. Furthermore, VrJMJ3 and VrJMJ9 were significantly up-regulated after all three abiotic stress treatments, and VrJMJ13 exhibited a potential function in the photoperiodic regulation of Mung bean flowering. These results provided a clear understanding of VrJMJ genes, and laid a theoretical basis for further verification of their potential biological functions of VrJMJ genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the effect of maternal protein supplementation during mid or late gestation on energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle of beef calves. Sixteen pregnant cows were divided into 3 groups: CTRL (not supplemented); MID (supplemented from 30 to 180 days of gestation); and LATE (supplemented from 181 to 281 days of gestation). The supplement contained 30% crude protein. Thirty days after birth, blood and muscle samples of the calves were collected for analyses of gene expression, proteins, and metabolites. No differences (P ≥ 0.15) in birth weight, performance at weaning, or muscle expression of the genes evaluated (P ≥ 0.21) were observed. Calves born to CTRL cows had a lower ratio (P = 0.03) of p-AMPK/AMPK protein in the skeletal muscle. Calves born to MID cows had lower (P = 0.04) glucose concentration than those born to LATE cows. Changes in p-AMPK/AMPK protein, indicated a possible metabolic inflexibility in the skeletal muscle of calves born to CTRL cows. These results indicated that lack of protein supplementation in pregnant cows alter the energy metabolism of their calves and reflect in a metabolic inflexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Fundamento: A doença arterial coronariana é um distúrbio complexo que causa morte em todo o mundo. Um dos genes envolvidos no desenvolvimento dessa doença pode ser o PTEN. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi investigar a expressão gênica e proteica do PTEN em amostras de tecido e sangue retiradas de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. Métodos: Foram realizados estudos moleculares no Centro de estudos do genoma humano e células-tronco da Universidade Erciyes (GENKOK). Amostras do apêndice atrial direito e de sangue foram coletadas da veia central de 22 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica antes de iniciar e terminar a circulação extracorpórea. A expressão do PTEN foi determinada usando PCR quantitativo em tempo real e análise de Western Blot. O nível de significância aceito foi de p

Background: Mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex RNA population able to regulate spermatogenesis and play a role in the fertilization process. However, little is known about genetic factors and their role in fertility. Discovering novel molecular markers is necessary because semen quality parameters and routine exams still fail at detecting cases of subfertility. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the expression of the genes SPA17, TNF and TIMP2 by spermatozoa and semen quality, fertility, and motility parameters of sperm cells after thawing in stallions of the Crioulo breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Analysis were performed on ejaculates from 40 stallions whose fertility was evaluated by checking their reproductive history, considering 30 inseminations for each animal. One mL of each ejaculate was reserved for fresh semen analysis, and the remaining volume was split into 2 samples; 1 of these samples was stored for gene expression analysis, and the other was cryopreserved. Sperm cell motility was analyzed using the computer-assisted semen analysis system. Sperm pathology analyses, hypoosmotic tests, and fluorescence tests were also performed. For gene expression analysis, mRNA was extracted for quantitation of expression of genes of interest by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results from qPCR assays were determined using an absolute standard curve [formula=10^(target ct - standard CT)/slope]. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation. Expression of SPA17 was positively correlated with functional integrity of the plasma membrane (r = 0.602; P = 0.004), structural integrity of the plasma membrane (r = 0.590; P = 0.004), conception rate (r = 0.454; P = 0,007), and total motility (r = 0.522; P = 0.001); it was negatively correlated with immobile sperm cells (r = -0.558; P = 0.006), and sperm cells with major defects (r = 0.4907; P = 0.012). Expression of TNF in sperm cells thawed after cryopreservation was positively correlated with curvilinear velocity (VCL) [r = 0.5147; P = 0.02], straight-line velocity (VSL) [r = 0.4714; P = 0.03], and average path velocity (VAP) [r = 0.4907; P = 0.02]. A positive correlation between TIMP2 expression and beat-cross frequency (BCF) was found [r = 0.408; P = 0.02]. Discussion: The positive correlations between SPA17 expression and the parameters total motility and conception rate may be related to the previously reported interaction of SPA17 with the zona pellucida, which facilitates penetration of the sperm cell into the oocyte. The positive correlations between expression of SPA17 and the parameters structural integrity of the plasma membrane and functionality of the plasma membrane are connected to characteristics important for viability of the sperm cell at the moment of conception, such as avoiding thermal shock and maintaining fluidity of the plasma membrane. Expression of TNF was positively correlated with sperm cell velocities after cryopreservation. TNF exerts a series of biological activities in different cell types. TNF regulates energy metabolism, especially in lipid homeostasis; it can be involved with plasma membrane phospholipid metabolism and reduce damage to the sperm cell during the cryopreservation process. We conclude that expression of SPA17 in equine sperm cells can be used as a biomarker for semen quality and fertility of stallions, while expression of TIMP2 can be used as a biomarker for beat-cross frequency. Expression of TNF was associated with better sperm cell survival rates after the cryopreservation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thyroid cancer is the neoplasm with the fastest growing incidence every year, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) being the most common subtype. In many cases, these tumors can become aggressive, causing lymph node metastases. The determination of molecular markers by gene expression analysis is an important tool to determine the prognosis of these tumors. Considering the role of genes NEDD9, B3GNT7, PHB, BAD, PAXIP1, PPM1D, and PIK3R5 in the etiology of several cancers, this study consisted in verifying, by the RT-qPCR technique, whether they can be molecular markers predictive of lymph node involvement, and if they are related to the development of these tumors. In the present study, no significant differential expression of the genes analyzed were observed between the sample groups of PTC versus PTMC (microcarcinoma) and between the groups of lymph node-positive PTC versus lymph node-negative PTC, indicating that these genes are not related to tumor development and cannot be considered predictive markers of lymph node metastasis in PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O câncer de tireoide é a neoplasia que mais cresce em incidência todos os anos, sendo o carcinoma papilífero de tireoide (CPT) o subtipo mais comum. Em muitos casos estes tumores podem se tornar agressivos, ocasionando metástases linfonodais. A determinação de marcadores moleculares pela análise de expressão gênica é uma importante ferramenta para a determinação do prognóstico destes tumores. Considerando o papel dos genes NEDD9, B3GNT7, PHB, BAD, PAXIP1, PPM1D e PIK3R5 na etiologia de diversos cânceres, este estudo consistiu em verificar pela técnica de RT-qPCR se os mesmos podem ser marcadores moleculares preditivos do acometimento de linfonodos e se estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento destes tumores. No presente estudo não foi observada expressão diferencial significativa dos genes analisados entre os grupos amostrais de CPT versus MCPT (microcarcinomas) e entre os grupos de CPT linfonodo positivo versus CPT linfonodo negativo, indicando que estes genes não estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento tumoral e não podem ser considerados marcadores preditivos de metástases em linfonodos em CPT.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O sucesso do estudo de Genética Mendeliana no ensino médio depende necessariamente de uma boa fundamentação dos seus conceitos iniciais. Por sua vez, para ocorrer a compreensão significativa desses conceitos, faz-se necessário atrelá-los aos assuntos relacionados à Genética Molecular, como a estrutura do material genético e sua expressão. O estudo compartilhado das duas áreas, e com o uso de animações de Genética Molecular, representa uma importante estratégia de intervenção pedagógica, no sentido de tornar esses conceitos menos abstratos e mais palpáveis aos alunos. Este trabalho objetiva analisar a eficiência do estudo compartilhado, assim como testar a eficácia do uso de animações de replicação e tradução gênica para melhor entendimento de conceitos como gene, genótipo e fenótipo. Foi elaborado como produto educacional, um catálogo contendo animações e sugestões de como promover o atrelamento entre os conceitos das duas áreas. O trabalho teve abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa e foi desenvolvido em uma escola pública de Primavera do Leste - MT, com 98 alunos das 3ª séries do EM. Por meio de três testes de desempenho acerca dos conceitos básicos de Genética, após o seu estudo isolado, estudo compartilhado e esse com o uso de animações, notou-se ganho gradativo na assimilação dos conceitos básicos da Genética Mendeliana. Os dados obtidos mostram a importância da estruturação dos pré-requisitos para a ancoragem dos novos conhecimentos, no caso, os conceitos genéticos, tornando-os mais compreensíveis e, por conseguinte, atenuando o insucesso observado nas escolas públicas no ensino de Genética Mendeliana.

Thyroid neoplasms are the main type of endocrine malignancy and are currently considered a public health problem with a steady increase in their incidence in recent years. The discovery of molecular markers that can be applied in the clinical routine in conjunction with biopsy by fine needle aspiration (FNAP) can provide a more accurate diagnosis and, consequently, a more efficient treatment for the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the SERPINA1 gene can be considered a diagnostic marker in thyroid carcinomas. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR was performed on 32 samples of thyroid tissue, with 13 goiters, 11 papillary carcinomas, four follicular carcinomas, and four non-tumor thyroid tissues. Increased expression of the SERPINA1 gene was observed in papillary carcinoma samples compared with goiter samples (P = 0.0319) and with follicular carcinoma samples (P = 0.0430). No significant differential expression was observed between follicular carcinoma samples with goiter samples (P = 0.5329). The results of the gene expression analysis suggest that the SERPINA1 gene can be considered a diagnostic marker in papillary thyroid carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As neoplasias tireoidianas são o principal tipo de malignidade endócrina, sendo atualmente consideradas um problema de saúde pública com aumento constante em sua incidência nos últimos anos. A descoberta de marcadores moleculares que possam ser aplicados na rotina clínica em conjunto com a biópsia por aspiração com agulha fina (PAAF) pode propiciar um diagnóstico mais preciso e consequentemente um tratamento mais eficiente para o paciente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se o gene SERPINA1 pode ser considerado um marcador diagnóstico em carcinomas de tireoide. Foi realizada a análise de expressão gênica pela RT-qPCR, em 32 amostras de tecido tireoidiano, sendo 13 bócios, 11 carcinomas papilíferos, quatro carcinomas foliculares e quatro tecidos não tumorais de tireoide. A expressão aumentada do gene SERPINA1 foi observada nas amostras de carcinoma papilífero em comparação com amostras de bócio (P=0.0319) e com as amostras de carcinoma folicular (P=0.0430). Não foi observada expressão diferencial significativa entre amostras de carcinoma folicular com as amostras de bócio (P= 0.5329). Os resultados da análise de expressão gênica sugerem que o gene SERPINA1 pode ser considerado um marcador diagnóstico em carcinomas papilíferos de tireoide.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: the underlying mechanisms regulating biosynthesis and the very existence of a cellular system in plants have yet to be clarified to a satisfying point. Aim: this experiment tried to reveal the influence of cantharidin and endothall on gene expression of critical enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, protein phosphatase and, aspartate phosphatase in Cichorium intybus L., an important medicinal plant. Methods: two concentrations of cantharidin and endothall, 2.5 and 10 μgml-1, were applied on C. intybus seedlings, and the changes in genes evaluated in shoots and roots. Results and Discussion: Cantharidin and endothall-treated seedlings had the lowest expression level of glutathione S-transferase in 2.5 μgml-1 (0.92±0.11 and 1.07±0.61, respectively) while in 10 μgml-1, the expression levels were slightly higher. The glutathione S-transferase expression in roots followed a similar trend. The Cantharidin effect on protein phosphatases in shoots and roots of C. intybus followed a similar pattern where the expression level of protein phosphatases in shoots and roots of treated seedlings with 2.5 μgml- 1 (0.51±0.03 and 1.34±0.12, respectively) reduced. At 10 μgml-1 cantharidin, protein phosphatases' expression markedly increased in both shoots and roots (3.55±0.21 and 3.96±032, respectively). The expression of protein phosphatases in shoots received 2.5 μgml-1 endothall considerably enhanced (43.21±3.1), whereas its expression was close to zero in roots. The expression of aspartate phosphatases in shoots with cantharidin 2.5 μgml-1 was almost zero. Whereas in 10 μgml-1, its expression was radically increased (3.76±0.23). Roots treated with cantharidin indicated high levels of expression, particularly in 10 μgml-1 (2.07±0.11). Root treated with 2.5 μgml- 1 cantharidin similarly did not express aspartate phosphatases. Seedlings exposed to endothall, the relative expression level of aspartate phosphatases in shoots under 2.5 μgml-1 was 17.49±1.21 while in roots with 2.5 μgml-1 was down to 0.45±0.09. Conclusion: It can be reliably expressed that cantharidin and endothall halt plant growth in a dosage-dependent manner by downregulating critical enzymes C. intybus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in cells. These small molecules comprise 17 to 25 nucleotides and are able to recognize target messenger RNAs by sequence complementarity and regulate their protein translation. Different microRNAs are expressed in all human cells. There is over 2,500 microRNAs described in humans that are involved in virtually all biological processes. Given their role as gene expression regulators, these molecules have been widely investigated and are thought to be associated with some specific physiological and pathological conditions, being proposed as biomarkers. It has recently been reported that microRNAs are secreted outside cells and are involved in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs in biological fluids are named circulating and have been detected in all body fluids, although the expression profile is specific for each type. The major advantages of using circulating microRNAs as biological markers are the high stability of those molecules and the wide availability of samples. Also, given the individual nature of microRNA expression changes, these molecules have a high potential for use in personalized medicine. In fact, microRNA expression profile determination may support disease recognition and diagnosis, and can be used to monitor therapeutic responses and establish patient prognosis, assisting in choice of treatment. This review provides a general overview of microRNAs and discusses the importance of those molecules in cancer, for deeper understanding of their role in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A fibrose hepática é a consequência das doenças crônicas do fígado, e quando não tratada evolui para a cirrose, cujo único tratamento efetivo é o transplante do órgão. Estudos prévios demonstraram que a membrana amniótica humana (MA), reduziu a fibrose biliar inibindo sua progressão para a cirrose hepática. Acredita-se que um dos mecanismos desta ação seja a modulação dos macrófagos M1 e M2, células que atuam na progressão e regressão da fibrose, respectivamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da MA na expressão de genes relacionados aos macrófagos M1 e M2 na fibrose hepática por meio da técnica de PCR quantitativa em tempo real (RT-qPCR). Duas semanas após a indução da fibrose pela ligadura do ducto biliar (LDB), um fragmento de MA foi aplicado ao fígado. Quatro semanas após a aplicação da MA, amostras do fígado foram submetidas a extração do RNA, síntese de cDNA e RT-qPCR. Foi observado aumento significativo da expressão dos genes CD206, e IL-12b após a aplicação da MA em relação as amostras de fígado sem a presença da mesma, sugerindo que a MA pode estimular a expressão do gene CD206, que está associado ao macrófago M2, e reparação da fibrose, mas também pode ter o potencial de estimular a expressão do gene IL-12b, associada ao macrófago M1. Estes resultados sugerem a presença de ambos os subtipos de macrófagos durante a regressão da fibrose biliar, a qual foi evidenciada previamente pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, utilizando os mesmos grupos experimentais. Assim, estudos futuros com outros genes contribuirão para o melhor entendimento da ação antifibrótica da MA por meio do aumento de M2 no tecido hepático.

As doenças renais humanas são uns dos maiores problemas de saúde, e vários genes que controlam a nefrogênese estão associados com essas doenças. Os principais genes envolvidos no desenvolvimento inicial do rim são PAX2, EYA1, SIX1 E 2, SALL1, FOXC1, WT1, HOX11, e a maioria dos fatores transcricionais desses genes é importante na regulação do gene GDNF. Esses genes interagem uns com os outros, formando uma espécie de rede genética. O estudo dessas interações genéticas é essencial para o entendimento das bases moleculares das alformações do desenvolvimento renal, que é necessário para a prevenção e tratamento dessas desordens. Unitermos: Expressão gênica, desenvolvimento renal, biologia molecular.

O câncer de tireoide é a neoplasia mais comum do sistema endócrino, apresentando incidência crescente nos últimos anos. O diagnóstico é realizado principalmente pela associação de dois métodos: a ultrassonografia e a punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF); porém ambos apresentam uma elevada taxa de resultados indeterminados. Deste modo, é necessária a busca de métodos diagnósticos alternativos para a obtenção de resultados mais precisos e confiáveis. A biologia molecular é uma área que se destaca nesse segmento de pesquisa, buscando compreender a biologia tumoral por meio da avaliação das alterações de expressão gênica. A técnica de PCR quantitativa em tempo real (RT-qPCR) é um método rápido e eficiente de detecção e quantificação de expressão gênica, apresentando alta sensibilidade e especificidade, e sendo considerada como uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico de vários tipos de câncer. Neste estudo, amostras de carcinomas foliculares de tireoide, carcinomas papilíferos de tireoide, bócio adenomatoso e amostras de tecido normal da glândula foram obtidas com o objetivo de detectar marcadores moleculares diagnósticos por meio da avaliação da expressão dos genes TERT, CITED1 e SLC5A5 pela técnica de RT-qPCR, detectados com expressão aumentada nestas lesões, respectivamente. A expressão diferencial significativa foi detectada somente para o gene CITED1 na comparação das amostras de carcinoma papilífero de tireoide com bócio e tecidos normais, com aumento de expressão deste gene nas amostras de carcinoma papilifero. Os resultados obtidos sugerem o gene CITED1 como um potencial marcador diagnóstico em carcinoma papilífero de tireoide.

Hepatic fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver diseases, and if untreated, it progresses to cirrhosis, for which the only effective treatment is organ transplantation. Previous studies have shown that human amniotic membrane (AM) reduced biliary fibrosis, inhibiting its progression to liver cirrhosis. It is believed that one of the mechanisms for this action is the modulation of macrophages M1 and M2, cells that act in the progression and regression of fibrosis, respectively. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of AM in the expression of genes associated with macrophages M1 and M2 in hepatic fibrosis by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Two weeks after the induction of fibrosis by bile duct ligation (BDL), a fragment of AM was applied to the liver. Four weeks after the application of AM, liver samples were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR. A significant increase in CD206 and IL12b gene expression was observed after AM application compared to the liver samples without it, suggesting that AM may stimulate CD206 gene expression, which is related to macrophage M2, and fibrosis repairs, but it may also have the potential to stimulate the expression of gene IL-12b, related to macrophage M1. These results suggest the presence of both macrophage subtypes during biliary fibrosis regression, which has been previously shown by our research group, using the same experimental groups. Thus, future studies with other genes will contribute to a better understanding of the antifibrotic action of MA by increasing M2 in liver tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid cancer is the most common neoplasm of the endocrine system, with growing incidence in recent years. The diagnosis is performed mainly by the association of two methods: ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration (FNA); but both have a high rate of indeterminate results. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternative diagnostic methods to obtain more accurate and reliable results. Molecular biology is an area that stands out in this segment of research, aiming to understand tumor biology by the analysis of gene expression alterations. The real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technique is a fast and efficient method of detection and quantification of gene expression, presenting high sensitivity and specificity, and being considered as a useful tool in the diagnosis of various types of cancer. In this study, samples of follicular thyroid carcinomas, papillary thyroid carcinomas, adenomatous goiter and samples of normal tissue from the gland were obtained with the objective of finding diagnostic molecular markers by evaluating the expression of genes TERT, CITED1 and SLC5A5 by RT-qPCR, that were found to be upregulated in these lesions, respectively. Significant differential expression was detected only for gene CITED1 in the comparison of the samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma with goiter and with the normal tissues, with increased expression of this gene in the papillary carcinoma samples. The results suggest gene CITED1 as a potential diagnostic marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Nos anos 2015 e 2016, o vírus da Zika (ZIKV) ganhou notoriedade devido à sua capacidade de infectar o embrião intraútero e de provocar anomalias congênitas. A microcefalia foi a principal característica observada em recém-nascidos de gestantes infectadas pelo ZIKV. Ao longo do desenvolvimento embrionário dos vertebrados, as células da crista neural cefálica desempenham papel crucial como centro de sinalização na regulação da formação do sistema nervoso central. A expansão do telencéfalo é estimulada pela molécula sinalizadora Fgf8, cuja expressão é modulada negativamente por outra molécula, a Bmp4. Esse equilíbrio molecular é controlado pela ação de antagonistas da Bmp4, como Noggin e Gremlin, que são moléculas sinalizadoras reguladas pelos fatores de transcrição Six1 e Six2. Portanto, para que ocorra um desenvolvimento craniofacial adequado, é essencial que os eventos celulares e moleculares que orquestram a morfogênese cerebral estejam sincronizados. Objetivo: avaliar a influência da infecção pelo ZIKV sobre o desenvolvimento das vesículas encefálicas telencéfalo e mesencéfalo, e na expressão gênica de Fgf8, Bmp4, Noggin, Gremlin, Six1 e Six2, em modelo de Gallus gallus. Métodos: embriões de G. gallus foram incubados a 38 °C por 48 horas e posteriormente inoculados com 500 ou 1000 unidades formadoras de placas de ZIKV por embrião. Após 24 horas, os embriões foram retirados dos ovos e fotografados para as análises morfológicas do telencéfalo e do mesencéfalo. A técnica de RT-qPCR foi empregada para a verificação da infecção, bem como para avaliar a quantificação viral relativa individual e a expressão gênica associada. Resultados: Após 24 horas da inoculação do ZIKV, um total de 54,54 % dos embriões apresentou quantidades detectáveis de ZIKV. Em apenas 24 horas de infecção pelo ZIKV, observou-se uma redução de 19,66 % na área da parede do telencéfalo e uma diminuição de 20,06 % na área do próprio telencéfalo. Em relação ao mesencéfalo, a área de sua parede reduziu em 13,20 %, enquanto a área da vesícula apresentou uma diminuição de 7,36 %. Houve correlação significativa e negativa entre a carga viral dos embriões e a redução na área do mesencéfalo. Analisando os níveis de expressão gênica, foi verificada diminuição de 2,13x na expressão de Fgf8 e de 2,96x na expressão de Bmp4. Após a infecção pelo ZIKV, as expressões de Noggin e de Gremlin sofreram reduções de 1,74x e 1,53x, respectivamente. Os embriões infectados apresentaram aumento de 1,46x na expressão de Six1 nos embriões infectados pelo ZIKV, ao passo que a expressão de Six2 não apresentou diferença. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a infecção pelo ZIKV aumenta a expressão do gene Six1, e reduz as dos genes Noggin, Gremlin, Bmp4 e Fgf8, o que está associado à diminuição nas áreas das paredes e das vesículas encefálicas telencéfalo e mesencéfalo. Esses dados sugerem que o ZIKV influencia o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central de forma indireta, por meio de vias de sinalização orquestradas pelas células da crista neural cefálica. Essas informações contribuem para o entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares subjacentes à microcefalia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetics can be defined as changes in gene expression that can be inherited and do not alter the DNA sequence. There are two main epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and histone modification. Genomic imprinting is a process of gene regulation in which only one allele is expressed. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is defined as the inheritance of epigenetic marks through germ cells, which controls the gene expression patterns and are passed down from one generation to another. In the animal breeding program it is important to access the extent that the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance also affects the efficiency of genetic selection. A better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms and their transgenerational effects on the performance of the animals may allow greater gains in economic important traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O status dos linfonodos axilares é o fator prognóstico mais informativo no tratamento das pacientes com câncer de mama. Contudo, atualmente, na prática clínica, a decisão da dissecação dos linfonodos é ainda realizada por meio da biopsia do linfonodo sentinela, o que, muitas vezes, pode trazer sequelas para a paciente ou originar resultados incorretos. Assim, a identificação de marcadores moleculares, na neoplasia maligna primária, que possa permitir uma classificação mais precisa das pacientes em relação à necessidade, ou não, da dissecação dos linfonodos axilares é extremamente importante para uma conduta clínica mais adequada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se os genes SERPINA1, TFF3, TFF1, ARD1A, NGX6 e DKK1 são marcadores preditivos em câncer de mama, pela análise de expressão gênica de RT-qPCR. Para isso, foi comparado o grupo de neoplasias malignas primárias com envolvimento de linfonodos com neoplasias malignas primárias sem linfonodos acometidos, além da análise dos linfonodos correspondentes. Para todos os genes avaliados, apenas o gene TFF1 apresentou expressão diferencial na comparação da neoplasia maligna primária com o linfonodo correspondente, embora não apresentou diferença estatística na comparação da neoplasia maligna primária linfonodo positivo com a neoplasia maligna primária linfonodo negativo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nenhum dos genes avaliados pode ser considerado marcador preditivo em câncer de mama.

We have recently shown that chronic fluoxetine treatment acted significantly increasing plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations both in control and chronically stressed adult male rats. However, possible effects of fluoxetine on catecholamine synthesis and re-uptake in adrenal medulla have been largely unknown. In the present study the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, as well as a norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene expressions in adrenal medulla of animals exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks, were investigated. Gene expression analyses were performed using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Chronically stressed animals had increased tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels and decreased expression of both transporters. Fluoxetine increased tyrosine hydroxylase and decreased norepinephrine transporter gene expression in both unstressed and CUMS rats. These findings suggest that chronic fluoxetine treatment increased plasma catecholamine levels by affecting opposing changes in catecholamine synthesis and uptake.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of the genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1 and COL5A1 in the glenohumeral capsule of patients with traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder.Methods:Samples from the glenohumeral capsule of 18 patients with traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder were evaluated. Male patients with a positive grip test and a Bankart lesion seen on magnetic resonance imaging were included. All the patients had suffered more than one episode of shoulder dislocation. Samples were collected from the injured glenohumeral capsule (anteroinferior region) and from the macroscopically unaffected region (anterosuperior region) of each patient. The expression of collagen genes was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription with quantitative analysis (qRT-PCR).Results:The expression of COL1A1, COL1A2 and COL3A1 did not differ between the two regions of the shoulder capsule. However, it was observed that the expression of COL5A1 was significantly lower in the anteroinferior region than in the anterosuperior region (median ± interquartile range: 0.057 ±0.052 vs. 0.155 ±0.398; p = 0.028) of the glenohumeral capsule.Conclusion:The affected region of the glenohumeral capsule in patients with shoulder instability presented reduced expression of COL5A1.

The status of axillary lymph nodes is the most informative prognostic factor in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, currently, in clinical practice, the decision to dissect lymph nodes is still performed by sentinel lymph node biopsy, which can often bring consequences to the patient or give incorrect results. Thus, the identification of molecular markers in the primary malignant neoplasm that may allow a more accurate classification of the patients in relation to the necessity or not of axillary lymph node dissection is extremely important for a more adequate clinical management. The aim of this study was to determine if the genes SERPINA1, TFF3, TFF1, ARD1A, NGX6 and DKK1 are predictive markers in breast cancer by the analysis of gene expression of RT-qPCR. For this, we compared the group of primary malignant neoplasm with the involvement of lymph nodes and primary malignant neoplasm without affected lymph nodes, in addition to the analysis of the corresponding lymph nodes. For all genes evaluated, only the gene TFF1 presented a differential expression in the comparison of the primary tumor with the corresponding lymph node, although it did not show a statistical difference in the comparison of the positive lymph node primary neoplasm with the negative lymph node primary neoplasm. The results showed that none of the genes analyzed can be considered predictive marker in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medulloblastoma is a common tumor in children, but is rare in adults. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in patients under 15 years. The presence of a median or paramedian enhancing cerebellar mass, often compressing the fourth ventricle may indicate the presence of this tumor. Genetic and molecular markers offer a new approach to the understanding and classification of medulloblastomas. Hence, we have come to understand medulloblastoma not as a sole disease but rather, as a group of clinically and molecularly distinct pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and lumbar puncture must be performed in all patients as part of the assessment of the extent of disease, since spinal leptomeninges are common sites for metastatic dissemination. Ideally, its treatmeant involves an interdisciplinary group that provides surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Prognosis depends upon variables such as age (under three years), metastatic dissemination, residual tumor after surgery, large cell/anaplastic histological variant, and group 3 tumor (MYC amplification group). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]