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Personal branding is one of the numerous themes the managerial work and practices of top managers are attributed to. Despite the importance of personal branding as a catalyst for careers, there is still very little empirical evidence on how top managers' personal brands actually emerge and what they themselves do to shape these brands. This paper opens the black box of personal brand development by deploying a process and practice perspective and argues that personal branding is a distinct key practice in itself underlying managerial work for managers at all career stages. Using multiple strategies to analyze process data within and across six top manager cases, we identified three distinct key practices—managing position, managing individuals, managing visibility—describing how they managed the development of their personal brands across their career stages. Central to this is managing dualities like "Fitting In vs. Standing Out" and overcoming the tensions accompanying these dualities. We highlight the practical implications for today's managers and add to the literature on personal branding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAssessment of executive and visuospatial neurocognitive domains is lacking in the Omani population, especially for elderly individuals with low educational levels. Therefore, the Towers of Kuwait-Arabic Neurocognitive Assessment (ToK-ArNA) was developed using similar psychometric features of Tower of London (ToL) test, and the unique architecture of Towers of Kuwait, with the potential to overcome the limitation of ToL color perception difficulties that might be encountered in subjects with hereditary or acquired color vision disorders. We enrolled 120 older Arabic-speaking Omanis from January 2022 to November 2022 and all participants underwent screening to ensure normal cognitive function before performing the ToL and ToK-ArNA tests. Validity, reliability, and non-parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. A total of 85 participants, 51 men (60%) and 34 women (40%) met the inclusion criteria and completed the testing. Statistical analyses confirmed the validity and reliability of ToK-ArNA compared to ToL, with comparable total Time and Accuracy scores and more preference towered the ToK-ArNA among the participants. Despite the study limitations, these results indicate that the ToK-ArNA is a reliable and applicable executive and visuospatial function assessment tool and further studies are warranted to establish its validity in patients with various neurocognitive disorders [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we aims to examine how gender disparities among corporate leaders (executives) and their level of risk aversion can impact the organization's strategic risk-taking. A questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from executives in Indonesia holding minimum positions of senior manager (BOD-1), director or commissioner (C-Level). Standard behavioral economics expected utility approach is employed to quantify the degree of risk aversion, while respondents will also make investment choices to assess their inclination towards strategic risk-taking. The research employed the t-test and linear logistic regression analysis to examine the hypothesis. The research findings indicate that female executives exhibit a higher degree of risk aversion compared to their male counterparts. In line with most studies, risk averse executives prefer to engage in more cautious strategic risk-taking. Nevertheless, there are no discernible disparities between female executives and male execautives when it comes to engaging in strategic risk-taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates and critiques the view that Lockean prerogative power is or should be incorporated, legally or extralegally, into the American constitutional system. Some scholars argue that extraconstitutional prerogative represents a safer alternative to a broad legal reading of presidential power, as it creates fewer precedents. Others suggest that the Framers "constitutionalized prerogative." Both of these views have difficulties because ultimately, prerogative can create more dangerous precedents than legal uses of presidential power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synergy in a contractor project team improves performance by integrating diverse knowledge and skills among team members, enabling the achievement of project objectives. However, according to a literature review, factors that enhance synergy among contractor project teams from the perspective of executives and practitioners have rarely been discovered, revealing a knowledge gap that needs to be filled. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify a common structure of such factors for executives and practitioners. Data collection involved a questionnaire survey targeting large contractors in Bangkok, Thailand. Then, we compared the mean importance and rank order of synergy factors, examined differences and similarities in synergy factors between executive and practitioner perspectives using the Mann–Whitney U test, and applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the data analysis. The differences and similarities show that executives and practitioners have similar perspectives on synergy factors. The CFA results validate a factor structure that enhances synergy. This synergy factor structure for executives and practitioners can be divided into five groups, with their standardized regression weights in parentheses: coordination (0.94), organizational structure (0.92), motivation (0.80), leadership (0.75), and planning and policy (0.69). These findings contribute to the body of knowledge and the state of practice by offering a practical framework to assist executives and practitioners in contractor organizations in identifying common measures and resource allocation based on the regression weights of synergy factors. This can improve synergy among contractor project teams, potentially resulting in better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role and significance of the current Constitution of the Russian Federation. The analysis delves into both the merits and shortcomings of the approach, acknowledging initial limitations as well as those that emerged during subsequent development and structural reforms. The accumulated challenges over the thirty-year span of its operation underscore the necessity for reform and modernization of its norms to enhance constitutional law and legislation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation began to be subjected to meaningful and constructive criticism from the moment of its adoption as a document of the transition period. It is emphasized that advancing and refining national constitutional legislation is contingent upon drawing from progressive international practices and ensuring the preservation of social principles and traditional values inherent to its diverse populace. It is concluded that the provisions outlined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation serve as a fundamental component of the country's national security, providing legal assurance for the preservation of state sovereignty, independent domestic and foreign policies, as well as national and constitutional identity. The aim of this study is to argue for the imperative of comprehensive modernization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It seeks to formulate specific recommendations and proposals for the Federal legislature to address current gaps and contradictions in its legal framework. The examination of changes and additions to the current Constitution of the Russian Federation during the constitutional reforms of 2014 and 2020 has highlighted significant deficiencies in the content of several provisions within Chapters 1 and 2, which remain unchanged. This underscores the imperative for further reform, not only within the constitutional mechanisms governing the functioning of the state apparatus but also across all branches of government in Russia. In achieving the research goal, the author drew upon contemporary cognitive methods identified and refined by legal science, validated through practical application. The research methodology was founded on a materialistic interpretation of the fundamental laws governing the development of the state and society, alongside a conceptual analysis of legal reality. This approach facilitated a comprehensive exploration of the categorical understanding of constitutional law and legislation, revealing their intricacies in inseparable unity with other legal phenomena and categories. Throughout the research, a combination of specific scientific and specialized methods of cognition were employed, including formal logical reasoning, historical analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and modeling, among others.

Mental fatigue is a variation in the psychophysiological state that subjects encounter during or after prolonged cognitive activity periods, affecting top-down attention and cognitive control. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on attention in the context of the three attention networks according to the Posnerian model (alerting, orienting, and executive networks) by combining the Attentional Network Test (ANT) and event-related potentials technique. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. A continuous arithmetic task lasting one hour induced mental fatigue, and EEG recordings were conducted before and after the task while subjects were performing the ANT. The efficiencies of three networks were comparable between groups, while RTs shortened only in the control group and the accuracy related to the alerting and conflict networks declined only after mental effort. Mental fatigue reduced N1 amplitude during alerting network engagement and p3 amplitude during orienting. It also reduced N2 and P3 amplitude during the conflict, particularly the incongruent target-locked response. These findings underscore the covert effects of mental fatigue on attention, suggesting that even in healthy young subjects, compensatory mechanisms may maintain adequate overt performances, but fatigue still has a detrimental effect on top-down attentional mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention network test (ANT) is a tool for assessing the executive, alerting, and orienting components of attention. However, conflicting findings exist regarding the nature and correlation between attention networks. This study aims to investigate the influence of eye movement time on the assessment of attention network efficiency. Forty male students, with an average age of 20.8 ± 1.3 years, participated in the study. The revised attention network test was conducted concurrently with the recording of the electrooculogram signal. The electrooculogram signal was used to estimate eye placement time on target stimuli. Considering eye movement time for calculating the score of each network was proposed as a novel method. The study explored the nature of attention networks and their relationships, and revealed significant effects for attention networks with and without considering the eye movement time. Additionally, a significant correlation is observed between the alerting and orienting networks. However, no significant correlation is found between attention networks using the proposed method. Considering eye movement time alters the assessment of attention network efficiency and modifies the correlation among attention networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislative committees have recently received inadequate attention in the available interjurisdictional literature. This article in the 2024 Policy Studies Yearbook, published by Politics & Policy, reviews legislative committee data categories, methods, and the distribution of authorship to explore how legislative committee research has fared between 2010 and 2023. This review article establishes that since 2010, research on committee structure has been dominated by U.S. congressional theories and how to test them in noncongressional settings. The dominant aspect of legislative organization across the five reviewed themes is the selection of committee members, an essential aspect of understanding power dynamics in modern legislatures. As survey methods and case studies have increased, the archival analysis methods have decreased, indicating an increasing turn to first‐hand primary data in analyzing the internal organization of committees. There is also a growing trend toward greater collaboration among scholars. Related Articles: Jeong, Gyung‐Ho. 2016. "Electoral Rules and Bureaucratic Effectiveness." Politics & Policy 44(6): 1089–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12184. Jones, Kate, and Kerry, Jacobs. 2009. "Public Accounts Committees, New Public Management, and Institutionalism: A Case Study." Politics & Policy 39(5): 1023–46. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00209.x/abstract. Pelizzo, Riccardo and Abel Kinyondo. 2014. "Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis." Politics & Policy 42(1), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12062. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of cadres in the province, a reality lived and shared by its protagonists, the directors of educational institutions and enterprises of local subordination, constitutes the strategic ways to achieve the supreme objective, the elevation of the quality of the management process and as a consequence the general integral culture of our people. Its conception, development, and evaluation demanded to appeal to innovative ideas, with a marked scientific rigor and a strategic look, implied the contribution of many professionals committed to this professional stratum, sometimes exonerated and/or involved in traditional practices and routines, which have nothing to do with the most prominent advances of management, its theoretical and methodological fields, and its daily practice. The objective of the paper is to socialize and exchange experiences and knowledge about the implementation of programs, modalities, results, barriers, and initiatives in their implementation, to provide feedback, to improve our work, and to be able to live up to the expectations of the leaders of the State and the government, the provincial government of the people's power and the university in the province. The results of the diagnosis of the cadres were considered and scientific methods, techniques, and instruments were used in the elaboration of the experience, consisting of a program for the diploma in public and business administration. The results of this complex and radiant process support the authors' criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses the constitutional thought of Emilio Rabasa in relation to federalism. Although Rabasa is known for having been a critic of the 1857 constitution and its unicameral federalism, this paper casts Rabasa as a defender of a kind of federalism that was favorable to the sovereignty of the states, as opposed to the power of the central government. Rabasa supported this argument in two ways: on the one hand the states should be reorganized to achieve the ideal of “executive governments” and on the other the excessive powers of intervention of the three branches of the federal government over the states had to be curtailed. These two dynamics impeded or hindered, according to Rabasa, the necessary political learning that gave life to federalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Indonesia has quite a serious nutritional problem which is characterized by the large number of cases of malnutrition in children under five, as a result this problem has become the attention of the Indonesian government so that it has become a national protas called stunting, so it must be resolved in an integrated manner across sectors. Unfortunately, this problem has not been resolved so stunting cases are still very high, one of which is Maros district which has the eighth number of stunting cases based on SSGI data for 2022. Method: Qualitative research is carried out in natural settings to seek information from executive and legislative experience based on knowledge, attitudes, actions and interests. We used indepth interviews, assisted by interview guides, and reviewed the rules to answer the research objectives. The researchers carried out a review of the regulations in the form of basic reading of the recommendations and outreach carried out by the relevant government. Results: Interestingly, government planning uses new methods, namely bottom up, participatory and top down. The reason given by the executive is that this method is the most effective method in government organizations because planning is made based on the Maros district government budget calendar. Conclusion: In analyzing the behavior of the Executive and the legislature, not all of them understand stunting program planning so their involvement is lacking and not all of them play an active role in the stunting program, even though they have an interest in improving the level of health in the people of Maros district by trying to achieve zero stunting for the sustainability of regional development in Maros district. Recommendation: Continuing research on the theme of Analysis of Community Behavior towards the Implementation of Stunting Program Planning in Maros Regency, we suggest to the regional government to accelerate the realization of community welfare through improving human resource services and health levels, overcoming poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is to deconstruct the Trias Politica Doctrine in the South African context, with specific reference to the influence and power of the judiciary over the other two arms of government (legislature and executive).Through utilising case study design, qualitative methods, and document analysis as data collection technique, we argue that the judiciary, through its various courts, has in numerous cases influenced the legislative and executive activities and programmes of government. We conclude that, while John Locke and Charles De Montesquieu offered, great contribution in explaining the concept of separation of powers, the judicial power and influence in South Africa over the activities of the legislature and executive suggest that separation of powers does not fully hold water in the context of this sub-Saharan African state. However, there is what should be understood as judicial Hegemony informed by the principle of constitutional supremacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African Courts frequently juggle diff erent roles within the country’s governance. This causes discomfort among some of the role players within the polity as it is seen as judicial encroachment in matters outside the court’s role. In the South African context of separation of powers, the role of each branch of government is not always clearly defi ned, and now and again, it gains perspective as courts interpret parliamentary legislation and executive policies. The court’s role and limitations often come under scrutiny. This causes confl icts between the respective branches of government regarding the extent of judicial intervention concerning other branches of government, namely the legislature and executive. This article examines the role and limits of judicial intervention in the terrain of other branches of government within the context of separation of powers as envisaged by the South African Constitution. The doctrine of separation of powers entails the establishment of a trilateral government. The envisaged government consists of the legislature, which enacts laws, an executive that recognises and executes the law and an independent judiciary to regulate public power when all else fails. The article attempts to clarify the place and role of the judiciary in upholding the rule of law in a constitutional state such as South Africa amid rampant complaints of judicial overreach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: A large body of literature showed that word reading and listening comprehension-two proximal predictors of reading comprehension according to the simple view of reading-are related. Grounded on the direct and indirect effects model of reading (Kim, 2020a, 2020b, 2023), we examined the extent to which the relation is explained by domain-general cognitions or executive functions (working memory and attentional control) and emergent literacy skills (language and code-related skills including morphological awareness, phonological awareness, orthographic pattern recognition, letter naming fluency, and rapid automatized naming). METHOD: Data were from English-speaking children in Grade 1 (N = 372; 52% boys; 60% White children, 26% African American children, 6% multiracial children, 6% Hispanic children, and 2% Asian American children). RESULTS: Results from structural equation models showed that word reading and listening comprehension were moderately related (.54). When working memory and attentional control were included as predictors, the relation became weaker (.39). When morphological awareness was additionally included, they were no longer related (.05). The other emergent literacy skills did not add explanatory power beyond executive functions and morphological awareness. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that executive functions and morphological awareness largely explain the shared variance between word reading and listening comprehension for English-speaking beginning readers.

Purpose: Leadership assessment programs are intended to ensure that the organization retains or hires high-quality leadership. Among the many skills that must be included, executive communication is a cornerstone of effective leadership. However, there are many techniques to assessing executive communication that impose numerous advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to explore several techniques for evaluating executive communication skills in leadership assessment programs. Design/methodology/approach: Building upon case studies from novel commanding officer selection efforts in the military, the current study outlines three possible areas of executive communication for leadership assessment programs: panel-based interviews, guided discussion and executive writing. Findings: Although each technique offers some advantages, the best technique depends upon the context. Panel-based interviews can provide excellent depth in evaluating candidates, whereas executive writing focuses more upon crafting a deliberate and clear message without the ability to clarify or use nonverbal cues. Selecting an appropriate technique depends greatly upon the workload imposed on the leadership assessment team and the number of candidates available. Originality/value: Leadership selection programs are often done piecemeal or based on local experience. By building upon novel efforts in military commanding officer selection, the goal is to promulgate effective executive communication techniques that will enhance leadership selection through more effective communication across all levels of leadership positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many complex reasons for the underrepresentation of women among executive ranks, both on the supply side (that is, women opting out of the executive track or career experiences that put them on it) and the demand side. To begin to tackle this multifaceted issue and better understand the demand-side drivers of lack of diversity in the upper echelons of organizations, we build on the institutional logics literature to develop the notion of CEO exclusionary schema and argue that it introduces an unconscious bias. To test this notion, we empirically investigate the role that a CEO's participation in a male-dominated, exclusionary sport plays as an obstacle to female advancement in the executive ranks. Specifically, we find that CEOs that play golf are significantly less likely to employ a female on their executive team, across a range of definitions. Further, we show that this relationship is even stronger for CEOs with elite educational backgrounds. In additional analyses, we find that the gender pay gap on the top management team is also much larger at firms where the CEO plays golf. Overall, our study suggests that CEO out-of-the-office experiences and background can support unconscious biases, and there is still significant work to be done to break down demand-side barriers to female advancement in the executive realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of official visits by U.S. Presidents and Secretaries of State on foreign direct investment inflows. The key difficulty in determining a causal effect is the issue of endogeneity. To address potential endogeneity, we use the Endogenous Treatment model (ETM). The estimation results provide evidence that the official visits of U.S. Presidents have a statistically significant positive effect on both foreign investment inflows from the U.S. and on total foreign direct investment inflows. This is robust even after the inclusion of other control variables identified by the literature as confounding factors for foreign direct investment. When we examine the effect of different types of visits, the results show that bilateral meetings during the official visits of U.S. Presidents have a statistically significant positive effect on both foreign investment inflows from the U.S. and total foreign direct investment. These results imply that the visits of U.S. Presidents offer a signal of the confidence of American administrations in the host country, which may in turn encourage American and non-American firms to invest in that country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Route Educational & Social Science Journal (Ress Journal) is the property of Ress Academy Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Synergy in a contractor project team improves performance by integrating diverse knowledge and skills among team members, enabling the achievement of project objectives. However, according to a literature review, factors that enhance synergy among contractor project teams from the perspective of executives and practitioners have rarely been discovered, revealing a knowledge gap that needs to be filled. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify a common structure of such factors for executives and practitioners. Data collection involved a questionnaire survey targeting large contractors in Bangkok, Thailand. Then, we compared the mean importance and rank order of synergy factors, examined differences and similarities in synergy factors between executive and practitioner perspectives using the Mann–Whitney U test, and applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the data analysis. The differences and similarities show that executives and practitioners have similar perspectives on synergy factors. The CFA results validate a factor structure that enhances synergy. This synergy factor structure for executives and practitioners can be divided into five groups, with their standardized regression weights in parentheses: coordination (0.94), organizational structure (0.92), motivation (0.80), leadership (0.75), and planning and policy (0.69). These findings contribute to the body of knowledge and the state of practice by offering a practical framework to assist executives and practitioners in contractor organizations in identifying common measures and resource allocation based on the regression weights of synergy factors. This can improve synergy among contractor project teams, potentially resulting in better performance.

This article explores the relationship between the executive and judiciary branches of government in the context of separation of powers. The study uses qualitative methods, including interviews with legal practitioners, to gather data on the dynamics of power and the role of law in influencing this relationship. The results highlight the importance of understanding this relationship for policymakers and law enforcers in strengthening the separation of powers and improving governance systems. The article also discusses issues such as political interference in the justice system and the independence of the judiciary. It emphasizes the crucial role of law in maintaining the separation of powers and ensuring fair and impartial law enforcement, and calls for the strengthening of legal institutions and the judicial system. [Extracted from the article]

The attention networks test (ANT) is frequently utilized to evaluate executive, alerting, and orienting attentional components. Additionally, it serves as an activation task in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between attention networks and brain electrophysiology. The study enrolled 40 right-handed male students (age = 20.8 ± 1.3 years) who underwent the revised attention network test, while their electroencephalogram signals were recorded. The study aimed to explore the effects of attention networks and their efficiencies on brain electrophysiology. The results indicated that the P3 amplitude was modulated by the conflict effect in the central (p-value = 0.014) and parietal (p-value = 0.002) regions. The orienting component significantly influenced P1 and N1 latencies in the parietal and parieto-occipital regions (p-values < 0.006), as well as P1 and N1 amplitude in the parieto-occipital region (p-values = 0.017 and 0.011). The alerting component significantly affected P1 latency and amplitude in the parietal and parieto-occipital regions, respectively (p-value = 0.02). Furthermore, N1 amplitude and the time interval between P1 and N1 were significantly correlated with the efficiency of alerting and orienting networks. In terms of connectivity, the coherence of theta and alpha bands significantly decreased in the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition. Additionally, the effects of attention networks on event-related spectral perturbation were observed. The study revealed the influence of attention networks on various aspects of brain electrophysiology. Specifically, the alerting score correlated with the amplitude of the N1 component in the double-cue and no-cue conditions in the parieto-occipital region, while the orienting score in the same region correlated with the N1 amplitude in the valid cue condition and the difference in N1 amplitude between the valid cue and double-cue conditions. Overall, empirical evidence suggests that attention networks not only impact the amplitudes of electrophysiological activities but also influence their time course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislature–executive impasse is one of the challenges Nigeria's democracy has been facing since its transition back to civil rule on May 29, 1999. The polity has been witnessing conflicts between the legislature and the executive over budget matters. Despite certain provisions of the 1999 constitution aimed at rectifying some of the problems identified with legislature–executive relations in the previous Republics, the Fourth Republic also followed the confrontational and conflictual power relations between the executive and the legislature. This study seeks to look beyond a constitutional solution to manage the intermittent imbroglio between the legislature and the executive with a view to fostering good governance and development. The study relies on secondary data. The paper investigates the factors responsible for legislature–executive conflictual relations; and the effects of this impasse on budget, governance and development. It also examines the mechanisms for legislature–executive collaborative relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in individuals with functional motor symptoms (FMS) and/or functional seizures (FS). We tested the hypotheses that the FMS/FS group would display poorer objective attentional and executive functioning, altered social cognition, and reduced metacognitive accuracy. Individuals with FMS/FS (n = 16) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 17) completed an abbreviated CANTAB battery, and measures of intellectual functioning, subjective cognitive complaints, performance validity, and comorbid symptoms. Subjective performance ratings were obtained to assess local metacognitive accuracy. The groups were comparable in age (p = 0.45), sex (p = 0.62), IQ (p = 0.57), and performance validity (p-values = 0.10–0.91). We observed no impairment on any CANTAB test in this FMS/FS sample compared to HCs, although the FMS/FS group displayed shorter reaction times on the Emotional Bias task (anger) (p = 0.01, np2 = 0.20). The groups did not differ in subjective performance ratings (p-values 0.15). Whilst CANTAB attentional set-shifting performance (total trials/errors) correlated with subjective performance ratings in HCs (p-values<0.005, rs = −0.85), these correlations were non-significant in the FMS/FS sample (p-values = 0.10–0.13, rs-values = −0.46–0.50). The FMS/FS group reported more daily cognitive complaints than HCs (p = 0.006, g = 0.92), which were associated with subjective performance ratings on CANTAB sustained attention (p = 0.001, rs = −0.74) and working memory tests (p < 0.001, rs = −0.75), and with depression (p = 0.003, rs = 0.70), and somatoform (p = 0.003, rs = 0.70) and psychological dissociation (p-values<0.005, rs-values = 0.67–0.85). These results suggest a discordance between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in this FMS/FS sample, reflecting intact test performance alongside poorer subjective cognitive functioning. Further investigation of neurocognitive functioning in FND subgroups is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge that delegated legislation poses to parliamentary sovereignty and associated supremacy in the UK is purportedly addressed through what we term the 'constitutional bargain of delegated law-making'. This has three elements: the proper limitation of delegation by Parliament through well-designed parent legislation; the exercise of self-restraint by the Executive in the use of delegated authority; and the enablement of meaningful scrutiny by Parliament. As a paradigm situation in which delegated law-making might be said to be necessary, the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic is an apposite context in which to assess the robustness of that bargain. Our analysis uses a sample of Westminster-generated pandemic-related secondary instruments as a peephole into the broader dynamics of this constitutional bargain and further reveals its significant frailties; frailties that are exposed, but not created, by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalent interpretation of COVID-19 mortality underreporting typically focuses on authoritarian regimes’ propensity for data manipulation. This study, however, posits that the demand side is integral to enhancing the veracity of COVID-19 mortality figures. Through quantitative analysis, it is demonstrated that legislative oversight of the executive significantly correlates with the divergence between excess mortality and officially reported COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, such oversight is shown to bolster the influence of bureaucratic capacity on the precision of mortality data. Consequently, these findings suggest that the notion of “autocratic advantage” in COVID-19 management is not solely a byproduct of regime-led data falsification but also a reflection of deficiencies in legislative and bureaucratic capacities.

China's central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are politically and economically significant, and executives play a crucial role in determining their performance. In a competitive business environment, the selection and competencies of central SOE executives are crucial. This study aims to identify the competencies required to operate central SOEs and develops a competency framework for their executives. Through qualitative studies (face-to-face interviews and Delphi method) and two quantitative studies, we identify four dimensions—self-development, interpersonal, positional and organizational development—comprising 12 factors and 45 competencies, and use these to construct a competency framework. The competencies identified include some previously identified, but also unique competencies that are specific to the Chinese context. The proposed framework is valuable for understanding and improving managerial practices in central SOEs, and will help in the selection and development of executives. It also provides insights for central SOEs, and for individuals considering career and competency development.

Recognized by their performance and behaviors, and influenced by the micro and macro cultures they came into contact with, leaders are expected to deliver appropriate results regardless of environment. This paper is aimed at uncovering the way top leadership sees careers and career success, explore their attitude toward work (through Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions model), and if these have been transformed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation is based on 86 interviews with top leaders (C-level, entrepreneurs and board members from Romania). The findings are compared with opinions regarding the five cultural dimensions at national level. Furthermore, the research inquires about the way they perceived the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with other events in their lives. The results were analyzed as a whole, as well as by putting into contrast different positions (i.e. executives, entrepreneurs, board members), career stages (i.e. early, mid, blossom, late) and genders (i.e. men, women).

In an increasingly open innovation environment, executives, as the core of corporate management and the main body of decision-making and execution, play a significant role in implementing innovation-driven development strategies. Based on executives' educational background, we constructed an executive alumni network platform using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2019, and calculated the centrality indicators. The aim was to comprehensively explore the relationship between alumni networks and exploratory innovation in enterprises, and examine the mediating effect of enterprise risk-taking. Empirical results show that executive academic background networks can promote the development of exploratory innovation activities in enterprises. In other words, these networks provide the social relationships and trust foundation necessary to support innovation effectively. Enterprise risk-taking plays a mediating role in the relationship between alumni networks and exploratory innovation, underscoring the importance of risk-taking. Further research reveals that alumni networks have a significant positive impact on the sustainability of innovation, emphasizing the long-term value for corporate innovation. These findings demonstrate that alumni networks play a critical role in corporate innovation activities and provide theoretical support for advancing research in corporate innovation and sustained development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Jordanian Journal of Law & Political Science is the property of Mutah University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cappadocia Journal of History & Social Sciences is the property of CAHIJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the current research is to identify the Role of Conditioned-Neuro-Behavioral Training in improving some Executive Functions and Emotional lability among stroke sufferers. The research relied on some tools, including: the data collection form (prepared by The Researcher) the colored progressive matrices test by Raven, 2006, the executive functions battery (prepared by: Hanaa Shweikh, 2020), and the Emotional lability scale (prepared by The Researcher), in addition to the behavioral conditional training program nerve used in the research, The results of the research revealed the role of conditioned-behavioral neurotraining in improving some executive functions, and the results also revealed the ffectiveness of training in reducing Emotional lability in stroke sufferers, and the results also revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement in each of (executive functions, Emotional lability) in the direction of the postmeasurement, which confirms the effectiveness and impact of the training, and there were no differences between the post-measurement and the follow-up measurement on the research sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of foreign experience on the remuneration policy of companies listed in an emerging market. Applying regressions by GMM-Sys method in 230 Brazilian firms between 2010 and 2018, we find that an international academic experience cause executives to receive lower salaries. However, companies valued the experience of working abroad with more generous compensation. These relationships are consistent for total, base, variable, stock and option compensation and direct and indirect benefits, even when we moderate by the executive´s tenure and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the publication is the criminal legal analysis and characterize of an official as a subject of misuse of budget funds, budget expenditures or the provision of loans from the budget without established budget assignments or in excess thereof. Methodology. The article used a complex of scientific methods, namely: terminological, system-structural, formal-logical, comparative legal. Scientific novelty. A list of persons who may be subjects of misuse of budget funds, budget expenditures or the provision of loans from the budget without established budget allocations or in excess thereof is considered; separately defined are the officials of business entities – public sector legal entities receiving subsidies, subsidies or subventions as budget funds; officials of legal entities of the public sector who, in accordance with applicable law, have been delegated the right to dispose of budgetary funds. The list of persons who may be accomplices to the misuse of budget funds is presented - both among employees of a budgetary institution, as well as regulatory and financial bodies – the State Audit Service, the State Treasury Service, and the State Treasury of Ukraine. The peculiarity of committing misuse of budget funds, budget expenditures or providing loans from the budget without established budget allocations or in excess thereof, consisting in the related commission of offenses against property and official crimes, is revealed. Conclusions. Officials are classified who commit misuse of budget funds, make budget expenditures or provide loans from the budget without established budget assignments or in excess of them: the main managers of budget funds; lower level managers recipients of budget funds; other officials (not heads) of government bodies, budgetary institutions, as well as institutions, enterprises, organizations receiving targeted budgetary funds.

Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the relationships between autistic features and cognitive deficits, functionality and quality of life in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Methods: Sixty FEP patients [mean age (SD) = 32.53 (10.74), n = 23 female, n = 37 male] were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS), the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form in Turkish Version (WHOQOL‐BREF TR). Results: Autistic symptom severity was found to be higher in males than females, and higher in patients with a family history of psychotic disorder. An inverse relationship was found between the duration of education and the severity of autistic symptoms. While there was an inverse relationship between autistic symptom severity and executive functions and functionality, no significant correlation was found with quality of life. Negative symptom severity was a predictor of executive functions and functionality. No significant difference was observed between autistic and psychotic domains which were related to executive functions. Conclusions: Our study is the first to examine the relationship between autistic/psychotic symptoms and executive functions and functionality in patients with FEP. The results show that autistic symptoms are associated with worse social and personal functioning and worse executive functions in patients with FEP. Longitudinal follow‐up studies with larger samples are required to determine the direction of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this investigation and analysis is to produce a plan for how to elect temporary regional heads in perfect local government. The termination of the 2022 regional elections is a consequence of the 2024 simultaneous regional elections. The Indonesian government will then appoint dozens of regional governors to serve as interim leaders until a permanent replacement is found. In terms of the problem framework, this study asks, "First, what is the problem with the mechanism for appointing acting regional heads?" "Second," you may wonder, "how do you reorganize the authority to appoint acting regional heads? Using primary and secondary sources, this study uses normative juridical research as its methodology. In the end, this analysis concludes: In Indonesia's current administration of regional government, the system of appointing acting regional heads has the potential to create political conflicts of interest, if political coalitions propose a president and vice president, they can bow to the interests of the coalition and elect acting regional heads who are not neutral. Second, the low legitimacy of regional heads who act for two years without being elected by the people. Third, the ability to elect regional heads temporarily must be reorganized. Moreover, the local government statute expressly states that the position of the regional head is held by the regional secretary (sekda), making the regional secretary the most likely alternative for the regional head and protecting him from political interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal-political changes in the Russian Federation during the first presidency of Vladimir Putin, covering the years 2000-2008, are the subject of the article. The study first focuses on the strengthening of executive power, both at the central and regional levels, consolidating the power camp and shaping the political system of the state. In the period under analysis, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation were increased, the Federation Council was weakened, control over the regions was strengthened, and a number of rights and freedoms of citizens were limited. In his actions, Putin relied on the power ministries and secured the loyalty of the State Duma and the oligarchs. The United Russia party became his political base. Putin’s political opponents and competitors were ruthlessly eliminated from political life. An analysis of the features of the political system of the Russian Federation indicates that it had become an authoritarian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognized by their performance and behaviors, and influenced by the micro and macro cultures they came into contact with, leaders are expected to deliver appropriate results regardless of environment. This paper is aimed at uncovering the way top leadership sees careers and career success, explore their attitude toward work (through Hofstede's five cultural dimensions model), and if these have been transformed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation is based on 86 interviews with top leaders (C-level, entrepreneurs and board members from Romania). The findings are compared with opinions regarding the five cultural dimensions at national level. Furthermore, the research inquires about the way they perceived the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with other events in their lives. The results were analyzed as a whole, as well as by putting into contrast different positions (i.e. executives, entrepreneurs, board members), career stages (i.e. early, mid, blossom, late) and genders (i.e. men, women). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to examine how the development of attention networks has left many important issues unsolved and to propose possible directions for solving them by combining human and animal studies. The paper starts with evidence from citation mapping that indicates attention has played a central role in integrating cognitive and neural studies into Cognitive Neuroscience. The integration of the fields depends in part upon similarities and differences in performance over a wide variety of animals. In the case of exogenous orienting of attention primates, rodents and humans are quite similar, but this is not so with executive control. In humans, attention networks continue to develop at different rates during infancy and childhood and into adulthood. From age four on, the Attention Network Test (ANT) allows measurement of individual differences in the alerting, orienting and executive networks. Overt and covert orienting do overlap in their anatomy, but there is evidence of some degree of functional independence at the cellular level. The attention networks frequently work together with sensory, memory and other networks. Integration of animal and human studies may be advanced by examining common genes involved in individual attention networks or their integration with other brain networks. Attention networks involve widely scattered computation nodes in different brain areas, both cortical and subcortical. Future studies need to attend to the white matter that connects them and the direction of information flow during task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a rule to shape culture executives would use traditional principles of management typical of companies of the 20th century, they build relations with a high distance of authority and leave no space for creativity, flexibility and independence of personnel. This type of culture is alien to employees, it does not meet today’s requirements and at the same time it hinders the development of the executive himself/herself. Present day challenges need both new technologies and innovation and transformation of corporate culture into flexible adaptive system, which proves management with an opportunity to interact with the team in a more effective way. The article researches characteristics of bureaucratic culture typical of today’s state and municipal enterprises. In the structure of corporate culture the author shows the role of artifacts, declared values basic ideas, business ethics and standardization level. Missions and values of state-owned companies were assessed and advantages and drawbacks of their corporate culture were shown. As a result of the research the author put forward a model of corporate culture elements appropriate for the present day state-owned company. This article will be useful for executives of state and municipal organizations, as well as specialists dealing with the development of corporate culture in the state sector.

Aim/purpose – Higher compensation and increased share ownership are believed to drive fewer earnings management. Therefore, the study examines the moderating impact of share ownership on the relationship between executive compensation and earnings management of listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.

The effects of the abundance of extractive resources–mainly petroleum–have been subject of debates in economics and political science. Although in public administration the literature is limited, there is a consensus on the rise of the size of the state, during commodities boom periods. This study challenges this idea, by analyzing the changes in the structure of the Ecuadorian State, during Rafael Correa’s three presidential terms (2007-2017). We use the concepts of growth and decline of organizations proposed by population ecology. We conduct a qualitative analysis of the legal texts to categorize and describe the changes. Finally, we find that the executive branch did not grow more during the three years that registered the highest average annual value of the petrol barrel. Nevertheless, we cannot affirm that it decreased with the fall in prices.