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1. The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities

Author

Geiger, Brian, Evans, R. R., Cellitti, M. A., Smith, K. Hogan, O'Neal, Marcia R., Firsing, S. L., III, and Chandan, P.

Abstract

Background: The Internet can be an invaluable resource for obtaining health information by people with disabilities. Although valid and reliable information is available, previous research revealed barriers to accessing health information online. Health education specialists have the responsibilities to insure that it is accessible to all users. IDEA and ADA mandate full participation in society by people with disabilities of all ages. Healthy People 2020 also includes objectives aimed at improving health information delivery, comprehension and application in daily life. Methods: This paper summarizes legal requirements and standards to present health information using technology and offers practical guidelines for accessible health education programs. Accessibility of online information was determined for representative consumer health web sites using an evaluation tool developed by Web Accessibility In Mind (Web AIM). Web sites were evaluated according to four accessibility principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust. Results: Despite available standards to design web sites without barriers, online health information is not accessible to all users. WAVE revealed accessibility errors on representative consumer health web sites, ranging from zero errors (autism information hosted by the National Library of Medicine) to 15 errors (sleep information from CNN Health). These errors may limit access to users with disabilities. Conclusions: Implementing guidelines for universal design for learning will diminish the digital divide. Health education specialists may direct consumers to web sites designed with accessibility in mind according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

Published
2011

3. Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement

Author

Evans, R. P. (R. P. T.), Hodson, J. (J.), Kamarajah, S. K. (S. K.), Griffiths, E. A. (E. A.), Singh, P. (P.), Alderson, D. (D.), Bundred, J. (J.), Gossage, J. (J.), Jefferies, B. (B.), McKay, S. (S.), Mohamed, I. (I), Nepogodiev, D. (D.), Siaw-Acheampong, K. (K.), van Hillegersberg, R. (R.), Vohra, R. (R.), Wanigasooriya, K. (K.), Whitehouse, T. (T.), Gjata, A. (A.), Moreno, J. I. (J., I), Takeda, F. R. (F. R.), Kidane, B. (B.), Castro, R. G. (R. Guevara), Harustiak, T. (T.), Bekele, A. (A.), Kechagias, A. (A.), Gockel, I. (I), Kennedy, A. (A.), Da Roit, A. (A.), Bagajevas, A. (A.), Azagra, J. S. (J. S.), Mahendran, H. A. (H. A.), Mejia-Fernandez, L. (L.), Wijnhoven, B. P. (B. P. L.), El Kafsi, J. (J.), Sayyed, R. H. (R. H.), Sousa, M. (M.), Sampaio, A. S. (A. S.), Negoi, I. (I), Blanco, R. (R.), Wallner, B. (B.), Schneider, P. M. (P. M.), Hsu, P. K. (P. K.), Isik, A. (A.), Gananadha, S. (S.), Wills, V. (V), Devadas, M. (M.), Duong, C. (C.), Talbot, M. (M.), Hii, M. W. (M. W.), Jacobs, R. (R.), Andreollo, N. A. (N. A.), Johnston, B. (B.), Darling, G. (G.), Isaza-Restrepo, A. (A.), Rosero, G. (G.), Arias-Amezquita, F. (F.), Raptis, D. (D.), Gaedcke, J. (J.), Reim, D. (D.), Izbicki, J. (J.), Egberts, J. H. (J. H.), Dikinis, S. (S.), Kjaer, D. W. (D. W.), Larsen, M. H. (M. H.), Achiam, M. P. (M. P.), Saarnio, J. (J.), Theodorou, D. (D.), Liakakos, T. (T.), Korkolis, D. P. (D. P.), Robb, W. B. (W. B.), Collins, C. (C.), Murphy, T. (T.), Reynolds, J. (J.), Tonini, V. (V), Migliore, M. (M.), Bonavina, L. (L.), Valmasoni, M. (M.), Bardini, R. (R.), Weindelmayer, J. (J.), Terashima, M. (M.), White, R. E. (R. E.), Alghunaim, E. (E.), Elhadi, M. (M.), Leon-Takahashi, A. M. (A. M.), Medina-Franco, H. (H.), Lau, P. C. (P. C.), Okonta, K. E. (K. E.), Heisterkamp, J. (J.), Rosman, C. (C.), Beban, G. (G.), Babor, R. (R.), Gordon, A. (A.), Rossaak, J. I. (J., I), Pal, K. M. (K. M., I), Qureshi, A. U. (A. U.), Naqi, S. A. (S. A.), Syed, A. A. (A. A.), Barbosa, J. (J.), Vicente, C. S. (C. S.), Leite, J. (J.), Freire, J. (J.), Casaca, R. (R.), Costa, R. C. (R. C. T.), Scurtu, R. R. (R. R.), Mogoanta, S. S. (S. S.), Bolca, C. (C.), Constantinoiu, S. (S.), Sekhniaidze, D. (D.), So, J. B. (J. B. Y.), Gacvski, G. (G.), Loureiro, C. (C.), Pera, M. (M.), Bianchi, A. (A.), Gijon, M. M. (M. Moreno), Fernandez, J. M. (J. Martin), Carrera, M. S. (M. S. Trugeda), Vallve-Bernal, M. (M.), Pascual, M. A. (M. A. Citores), Elmahi, S. (S.), Halldestam, I. (I), Hedberg, J. (J.), Monig, S. (S.), Gutknecht, S. (S.), Tez, M. (M.), Guner, A. (A.), Tirnaksiz, T. B. (T. B.), Colak, E. (E.), Sevinc, B. (B.), Hindmarsh, A. (A.), Khan, I. (I), Khoo, D. (D.), Byrom, R. (R.), Gokhale, J. (J.), Wilkerson, P. (P.), Jain, P. (P.), Chan, D. (D.), Robertson, K. (K.), Iftikhar, S. (S.), Skipworth, R. (R.), Forshaw, M. (M.), Higgs, S. (S.), Nijjar, R. (R.), Viswanath, Y. K. (Y. K. S.), Turner, P. (P.), Dexter, S. (S.), Boddy, A. (A.), Allum, W. H. (W. H.), Oglesby, S. (S.), Cheong, E. (E.), Beardsmore, D. (D.), Maynard, N. (N.), Berrisford, R. (R.), Mercer, S. (S.), Puig, S. (S.), Melhado, R. (R.), Kelty, C. (C.), Underwood, T. (T.), Dawas, K. (K.), Lewis, W. (W.), Al-Bahrani, A. (A.), Bryce, G. (G.), Thomas, M. (M.), Arndt, A. T. (A. T.), Palazzo, F. (F.), Meguid, R. A. (R. A.), Fergusson, J. (J.), Beenen, E. (E.), Mosse, C. (C.), Salim, J. (J.), Cheah, S. (S.), Wright, T. (T.), Cerdeira, M. P. (M. P.), McQuillan, P. (P.), Richardson, M. (M.), Liem, H. (H.), Spillane, J. (J.), Yacob, M. (M.), Albadawi, F. (F.), Thorpe, T. (T.), Dingle, A. (A.), Cabalag, C. (C.), Loi, K. (K.), Fisher, O. M. (O. M.), Ward, S. (S.), Read, M. (M.), Johnson, M. (M.), Bassari, R. (R.), Bui, H. (H.), Cecconello, I. (I), Sallum, R. A. (R. A. A.), da Rocha, J. R. (J. R. M.), Lopes, L. R. (L. R.), Tercioti, V. J. (V., Jr.), Coelho, J. D. (J. D. S.), Ferrer, J. A. (J. A. P.), Buduhan, G. (G.), Tan, L. (L.), Srinathan, S. (S.), Shea, P. (P.), Yeung, J. (J.), Allison, F. (F.), Carroll, P. (P.), Vargas-Barato, F. (F.), Gonzalez, F. (F.), Ortega, J. (J.), Nino-Torres, L. (L.), Beltran-Garcia, T. C. (T. C.), Castilla, L. (L.), Pineda, M. (M.), Bastidas, A. (A.), Gomez-Mayorga, J. (J.), Cortes, N. (N.), Cetares, C. (C.), Caceres, S. (S.), Duarte, S. (S.), Pazdro, A. (A.), Snajdauf, M. (M.), Faltova, H. (H.), Sevcikova, M. (M.), Mortensen, P. B. (P. B.), Katballe, N. (N.), Ingemann, T. (T.), Morten, B. (B.), Kruhlikava, I. (I), Ainswort, A. P. (A. P.), Stilling, N. M. (N. M.), Eckardt, J. (J.), Holm, J. (J.), Thorsteinsson, M. (M.), Siemsen, M. (M.), Brandt, B. (B.), Nega, B. (B.), Teferra, E. (E.), Tizazu, A. (A.), Kauppila, J. S. (J. S.), Koivukangas, V. (V), Meriläinen, S. (S.), Gruetzmann, R. (R.), Krautz, C. (C.), Weber, G. (G.), Golcher, H. (H.), Emons, G. (G.), Azizian, A. (A.), Ebeling, M. (M.), Niebisch, S. (S.), Kreuser, N. (N.), Albanese, G. (G.), Hesse, J. (J.), Volovnik, L. (L.), Boecher, U. (U.), Reeh, M. (M.), Triantafyllou, S. (S.), Schizas, D. (D.), Michalinos, A. (A.), Baili, E. (E.), Mpoura, M. (M.), Charalabopoulos, A. (A.), Manatakis, D. K. (D. K.), Balalis, D. (D.), Bolger, J. (J.), Baban, C. (C.), Mastrosimone, A. (A.), McAnena, O. (O.), Quinn, A. (A.), Suilleabhain, C. B. (C. B. O.), Hennessy, M. M. (M. M.), Ivanovski, I. (I.), Khizer, H. (H.), Ravi, N. (N.), Donlon, N. (N.), Cervellera, M. (M.), Vaccari, S. (S.), Bianchini, S. (S.), Sartarelli, L. (L.), Asti, E. (E.), Bernardi, D. (D.), Merigliano, S. (S.), Provenzano, L. (L.), Scarpa, M. (M.), Saadeh, L. (L.), Salmaso, B. (B.), De Manzoni, G. (G.), Giacopuzzi, S. (S.), La Mendola, R. (R.), De Pasqual, C. A. (C. A.), Tsubosa, Y. (Y.), Niihara, M. (M.), Irino, T. (T.), Makuuchi, R. (R.), Ishii, K. (K.), Mwachiro, M. (M.), Fekadu, A. (A.), Odera, A. (A.), Mwachiro, E. (E.), AlShehab, D. (D.), Ahmed, H. A. (H. A.), Shebani, A. O. (A. O.), Elhadi, A. (A.), Elnagar, F. A. (F. A.), Elnagar, H. F. (H. F.), Makkai-Popa, S. T. (S. T.), Wong, L. F. (L. F.), Yunrong, T. (T.), Thanninalai, S. (S.), Aik, H. C. (H. C.), Soon, P. W. (P. W.), Huei, T. J. (T. J.), Basave, H. N. (H. N. L.), Cortes-Gonzalez, R. (R.), Lagarde, S. M. (S. M.), van Lanschot, J. J. (J. J. B.), Cords, C. (C.), Jansen, W. A. (W. A.), Martijnse, I. (I), Matthijsen, R. (R.), Bouwense, S. (S.), Klarenbeek, B. (B.), Verstegen, M. (M.), van Workum, F. (F.), Ruurda, J. P. (J. P.), van der Veen, A. (A.), van den Berg, J. W. (J. W.), Evenett, N. (N.), Johnston, P. (P.), Patel, R. (R.), MacCormick, A. (A.), Young, M. (M.), Smith, B. (B.), Ekwunife, C. (C.), Memon, A. H. (A. H.), Shaikh, K. (K.), Wajid, A. (A.), Khalil, N. (N.), Haris, M. (M.), Mirza, Z. U. (Z. U.), Qudus, S. B. (S. B. A.), Sarwar, M. Z. (M. Z.), Shehzadi, A. (A.), Raza, A. (A.), Jhanzaib, M. H. (M. H.), Farmanali, J. (J.), Zakir, Z. (Z.), Shakeel, O. (O.), Nasir, I. (I), Khattak, S. (S.), Baig, M. (M.), Noor, M. A. (M. A.), Ahmed, H. H. (H. H.), Naeem, A. (A.), Pinho, A. C. (A. C.), da Silva, R. (R.), Bernardes, A. (A.), Campos, J. C. (J. C.), Matos, H. (H.), Braga, T. (T.), Monteiro, C. (C.), Ramos, P. (P.), Cabral, F. (F.), Gomes, M. P. (M. P.), Martins, P. C. (P. C.), Correia, A. M. (A. M.), Videira, J. F. (J. F.), Ciuce, C. (C.), Drasovean, R. (R.), Apostu, R. (R.), Paitici, S. (S.), Racu, A. E. (A. E.), Obleaga, C. V. (C., V), Beuran, M. (M.), Stoica, B. (B.), Ciubotaru, C. (C.), Negoita, V. (V), Cordos, I. (I), Birla, R. D. (R. D.), Predescu, D. (D.), Hoara, P. A. (P. A.), Tomsa, R. (R.), Shneider, V. (V), Agasiev, M. (M.), Ganjara, I. (I), Gunjic, D. (D.), Veselinovic, M. (M.), Babic, T. (T.), Chin, T. S. (T. S.), Shabbir, A. (A.), Kim, G. (G.), Crnjac, A. (A.), Samo, H. (H.), del Val, I. D. (I. Diez), Leturio, S. (S.), Ramon, J. M. (J. M.), Dal Cero, M. (M.), Rifa, S. (S.), Rico, M. (M.), Pomar, A. P. (A. Pagan), Corcoles, J. A. (J. A. Martinez), Miravalles, J. L. (J. L. Rodicio), Pais, S. A. (S. A.), Turienzo, S. A. (S. A.), Alvarez, L. S. (L. S.), Campos, P. V. (P., V), Rendo, A. G. (A. G.), Garcia, S. S. (S. S.), Santos, E. P. (E. P. G.), Martinez, E. T. (E. T.), Diaz, M. J. (M. J. Fernandez), Alvarez, C. M. (C. Magadan), Martin, V. C. (V. Concepcion), Lopez, C. D. (C. Diaz), Rodrigo, A. R. (A. Rosat), Sanchez, L. E. (L. E. Perez), Cuadrado, M. B. (M. Bailon), Carrasco, C. T. (C. Tinoco), Bhojwani, E. C. (E. Choolani), Sanchez, D. P. (D. P.), Ahmed, M. E. (M. E.), Dzhendov, T. (T.), Lindberg, F. (F.), Rutegard, M. (M.), Sundbom, M. (M.), Mickael, C. (C.), Colucci, N. (N.), Schnider, A. (A.), Er, S. (S.), Kurnaz, E. (E.), Turkyilmaz, S. (S.), Turkyilmaz, A. (A.), Yildirim, R. (R.), Baki, B. E. (B. E.), Akkapulu, N. (N.), Karahan, O. (O.), Damburaci, N. (N.), Hardwick, R. (R.), Safranek, P. (P.), Sujendran, V. (V), Bennett, J. (J.), Afzal, Z. (Z.), Shrotri, M. (M.), Chan, B. (B.), Exarchou, K. (K.), Gilbert, T. (T.), Amalesh, T. (T.), Mukherjee, D. (D.), Mukherjee, S. (S.), Wiggins, T. H. (T. H.), Kennedy, R. (R.), McCain, S. (S.), Harris, A. (A.), Dobson, G. (G.), Davies, N. (N.), Wilson, I. (I), Mayo, D. (D.), Bennett, D. (D.), Young, R. (R.), Manby, P. (P.), Blencowe, N. (N.), Schiller, M. (M.), Byrne, B. (B.), Mitton, D. (D.), Wong, V. (V), Elshaer, A. (A.), Cowen, M. (M.), Menon, V. (V), Tan, L. C. (L. C.), McLaughlin, E. (E.), Koshy, R. (R.), Sharp, C. (C.), Brewer, H. (H.), Das, N. (N.), Cox, M. (M.), Al Khyatt, W. (W.), Worku, D. (D.), Iqbal, R. (R.), Walls, L. (L.), McGregor, R. (R.), Fullarton, G. (G.), Macdonald, A. (A.), MacKay, C. (C.), Craig, C. (C.), Dwerryhouse, S. (S.), Hornby, S. (S.), Jaunoo, S. (S.), Wadley, M. (M.), Baker, C. (C.), Saad, M. (M.), Kelly, M. (M.), Davies, A. (A.), Di Maggio, F. (F.), Mistry, P. (P.), Singhal, R. (R.), Tucker, O. (O.), Kapoulas, S. (S.), Powell-Brett, S. (S.), Davis, P. (P.), Bromley, G. (G.), Watson, L. (L.), Verma, R. (R.), Ward, J. (J.), Shetty, V. (V), Ball, C. (C.), Pursnani, K. (K.), Sarela, A. (A.), Ling, H. S. (H. Sue), Mehta, S. (S.), Hayden, J. (J.), To, N. (N.), Palser, T. (T.), Hunter, D. (D.), Supramaniam, K. (K.), Butt, Z. (Z.), Ahmed, A. (A.), Kumar, S. (S.), Chaudry, A. (A.), Moussa, O. (O.), Kordzadeh, A. (A.), Patil, P. (P.), Noaman, I. (I), Willem, J. (J.), Bouras, G. (G.), Evans, R. (R.), Singh, M. (M.), Warrilow, H. (H.), Ahmad, A. (A.), Tewari, N. (N.), Yanni, F. (F.), Couch, J. (J.), Theophilidou, E. (E.), Reilly, J. J. (J. J.), van Boxel, G. (G.), Akbari, K. (K.), Zanotti, D. (D.), Sgromo, B. (B.), Sanders, G. (G.), Wheatley, T. (T.), Ariyarathenam, A. (A.), Reece-Smith, A. (A.), Humphreys, L. (L.), Choh, C. (C.), Carter, N. (N.), Knight, B. (B.), Pucher, P. (P.), Athanasiou, A. (A.), Tan, B. (B.), Abdulrahman, M. (M.), Vickers, J. (J.), Akhtar, K. (K.), Chaparala, R. (R.), Brown, R. (R.), Alasmar, M. M. (M. M. A.), Ackroyd, R. (R.), Patel, K. (K.), Tamhankar, A. (A.), Wyman, A. (A.), Walker, R. (R.), Grace, B. (B.), Abbassi, N. (N.), Slim, N. (N.), Ioannidi, L. (L.), Blackshaw, G. (G.), Havard, T. (T.), Escofet, X. (X.), Powell, A. (A.), Owera, A. (A.), Rashid, F. (F.), Jambulingam, P. (P.), Padickakudi, J. (J.), Ben-Younes, H. (H.), McCormack, K. (K.), Makey, I. A. (I. A.), Karush, M. K. (M. K.), Seder, C. W. (C. W.), Liptay, M. J. (M. J.), Chmielewski, G. (G.), Rosato, E. L. (E. L.), Berger, A. C. (A. C.), Zheng, R. (R.), Okolo, E. (E.), Singh, A. (A.), Scott, C. D. (C. D.), Weyant, M. J. (M. J.), Mitchell, J. D. (J. D.), Evans, R. P. (R. P. T.), Hodson, J. (J.), Kamarajah, S. K. (S. K.), Griffiths, E. A. (E. A.), Singh, P. (P.), Alderson, D. (D.), Bundred, J. (J.), Gossage, J. (J.), Jefferies, B. (B.), McKay, S. (S.), Mohamed, I. (I), Nepogodiev, D. (D.), Siaw-Acheampong, K. (K.), van Hillegersberg, R. (R.), Vohra, R. (R.), Wanigasooriya, K. (K.), Whitehouse, T. (T.), Gjata, A. (A.), Moreno, J. I. (J., I), Takeda, F. R. (F. R.), Kidane, B. (B.), Castro, R. G. (R. Guevara), Harustiak, T. (T.), Bekele, A. (A.), Kechagias, A. (A.), Gockel, I. (I), Kennedy, A. (A.), Da Roit, A. (A.), Bagajevas, A. (A.), Azagra, J. S. (J. S.), Mahendran, H. A. (H. A.), Mejia-Fernandez, L. (L.), Wijnhoven, B. P. (B. P. L.), El Kafsi, J. (J.), Sayyed, R. H. (R. H.), Sousa, M. (M.), Sampaio, A. S. (A. S.), Negoi, I. (I), Blanco, R. (R.), Wallner, B. (B.), Schneider, P. M. (P. M.), Hsu, P. K. (P. K.), Isik, A. (A.), Gananadha, S. (S.), Wills, V. (V), Devadas, M. (M.), Duong, C. (C.), Talbot, M. (M.), Hii, M. W. (M. W.), Jacobs, R. (R.), Andreollo, N. A. (N. A.), Johnston, B. (B.), Darling, G. (G.), Isaza-Restrepo, A. (A.), Rosero, G. (G.), Arias-Amezquita, F. (F.), Raptis, D. (D.), Gaedcke, J. (J.), Reim, D. (D.), Izbicki, J. (J.), Egberts, J. H. (J. H.), Dikinis, S. (S.), Kjaer, D. W. (D. W.), Larsen, M. H. (M. H.), Achiam, M. P. (M. P.), Saarnio, J. (J.), Theodorou, D. (D.), Liakakos, T. (T.), Korkolis, D. P. (D. P.), Robb, W. B. (W. B.), Collins, C. (C.), Murphy, T. (T.), Reynolds, J. (J.), Tonini, V. (V), Migliore, M. (M.), Bonavina, L. (L.), Valmasoni, M. (M.), Bardini, R. (R.), Weindelmayer, J. (J.), Terashima, M. (M.), White, R. E. (R. E.), Alghunaim, E. (E.), Elhadi, M. (M.), Leon-Takahashi, A. M. (A. M.), Medina-Franco, H. (H.), Lau, P. C. (P. C.), Okonta, K. E. (K. E.), Heisterkamp, J. (J.), Rosman, C. (C.), Beban, G. (G.), Babor, R. (R.), Gordon, A. (A.), Rossaak, J. I. (J., I), Pal, K. M. (K. M., I), Qureshi, A. U. (A. U.), Naqi, S. A. (S. A.), Syed, A. A. (A. A.), Barbosa, J. (J.), Vicente, C. S. (C. S.), Leite, J. (J.), Freire, J. (J.), Casaca, R. (R.), Costa, R. C. (R. C. T.), Scurtu, R. R. (R. R.), Mogoanta, S. S. (S. S.), Bolca, C. (C.), Constantinoiu, S. (S.), Sekhniaidze, D. (D.), So, J. B. (J. B. Y.), Gacvski, G. (G.), Loureiro, C. (C.), Pera, M. (M.), Bianchi, A. (A.), Gijon, M. M. (M. Moreno), Fernandez, J. M. (J. Martin), Carrera, M. S. (M. S. Trugeda), Vallve-Bernal, M. (M.), Pascual, M. A. (M. A. Citores), Elmahi, S. (S.), Halldestam, I. (I), Hedberg, J. (J.), Monig, S. (S.), Gutknecht, S. (S.), Tez, M. (M.), Guner, A. (A.), Tirnaksiz, T. B. (T. B.), Colak, E. (E.), Sevinc, B. (B.), Hindmarsh, A. (A.), Khan, I. (I), Khoo, D. (D.), Byrom, R. (R.), Gokhale, J. (J.), Wilkerson, P. (P.), Jain, P. (P.), Chan, D. (D.), Robertson, K. (K.), Iftikhar, S. (S.), Skipworth, R. (R.), Forshaw, M. (M.), Higgs, S. (S.), Nijjar, R. (R.), Viswanath, Y. K. (Y. K. S.), Turner, P. (P.), Dexter, S. (S.), Boddy, A. (A.), Allum, W. H. (W. H.), Oglesby, S. (S.), Cheong, E. (E.), Beardsmore, D. (D.), Maynard, N. (N.), Berrisford, R. (R.), Mercer, S. (S.), Puig, S. (S.), Melhado, R. (R.), Kelty, C. (C.), Underwood, T. (T.), Dawas, K. (K.), Lewis, W. (W.), Al-Bahrani, A. (A.), Bryce, G. (G.), Thomas, M. (M.), Arndt, A. T. (A. T.), Palazzo, F. (F.), Meguid, R. A. (R. A.), Fergusson, J. (J.), Beenen, E. (E.), Mosse, C. (C.), Salim, J. (J.), Cheah, S. (S.), Wright, T. (T.), Cerdeira, M. P. (M. P.), McQuillan, P. (P.), Richardson, M. (M.), Liem, H. (H.), Spillane, J. (J.), Yacob, M. (M.), Albadawi, F. (F.), Thorpe, T. (T.), Dingle, A. (A.), Cabalag, C. (C.), Loi, K. (K.), Fisher, O. M. (O. M.), Ward, S. (S.), Read, M. (M.), Johnson, M. (M.), Bassari, R. (R.), Bui, H. (H.), Cecconello, I. (I), Sallum, R. A. (R. A. A.), da Rocha, J. R. (J. R. M.), Lopes, L. R. (L. R.), Tercioti, V. J. (V., Jr.), Coelho, J. D. (J. D. S.), Ferrer, J. A. (J. A. P.), Buduhan, G. (G.), Tan, L. (L.), Srinathan, S. (S.), Shea, P. (P.), Yeung, J. (J.), Allison, F. (F.), Carroll, P. (P.), Vargas-Barato, F. (F.), Gonzalez, F. (F.), Ortega, J. (J.), Nino-Torres, L. (L.), Beltran-Garcia, T. C. (T. C.), Castilla, L. (L.), Pineda, M. (M.), Bastidas, A. (A.), Gomez-Mayorga, J. (J.), Cortes, N. (N.), Cetares, C. (C.), Caceres, S. (S.), Duarte, S. (S.), Pazdro, A. (A.), Snajdauf, M. (M.), Faltova, H. (H.), Sevcikova, M. (M.), Mortensen, P. B. (P. B.), Katballe, N. (N.), Ingemann, T. (T.), Morten, B. (B.), Kruhlikava, I. (I), Ainswort, A. P. (A. P.), Stilling, N. M. (N. M.), Eckardt, J. (J.), Holm, J. (J.), Thorsteinsson, M. (M.), Siemsen, M. (M.), Brandt, B. (B.), Nega, B. (B.), Teferra, E. (E.), Tizazu, A. (A.), Kauppila, J. S. (J. S.), Koivukangas, V. (V), Meriläinen, S. (S.), Gruetzmann, R. (R.), Krautz, C. (C.), Weber, G. (G.), Golcher, H. (H.), Emons, G. (G.), Azizian, A. (A.), Ebeling, M. (M.), Niebisch, S. (S.), Kreuser, N. (N.), Albanese, G. (G.), Hesse, J. (J.), Volovnik, L. (L.), Boecher, U. (U.), Reeh, M. (M.), Triantafyllou, S. (S.), Schizas, D. (D.), Michalinos, A. (A.), Baili, E. (E.), Mpoura, M. (M.), Charalabopoulos, A. (A.), Manatakis, D. K. (D. K.), Balalis, D. (D.), Bolger, J. (J.), Baban, C. (C.), Mastrosimone, A. (A.), McAnena, O. (O.), Quinn, A. (A.), Suilleabhain, C. B. (C. B. O.), Hennessy, M. M. (M. M.), Ivanovski, I. (I.), Khizer, H. (H.), Ravi, N. (N.), Donlon, N. (N.), Cervellera, M. (M.), Vaccari, S. (S.), Bianchini, S. (S.), Sartarelli, L. (L.), Asti, E. (E.), Bernardi, D. (D.), Merigliano, S. (S.), Provenzano, L. (L.), Scarpa, M. (M.), Saadeh, L. (L.), Salmaso, B. (B.), De Manzoni, G. (G.), Giacopuzzi, S. (S.), La Mendola, R. (R.), De Pasqual, C. A. (C. A.), Tsubosa, Y. (Y.), Niihara, M. (M.), Irino, T. (T.), Makuuchi, R. (R.), Ishii, K. (K.), Mwachiro, M. (M.), Fekadu, A. (A.), Odera, A. (A.), Mwachiro, E. (E.), AlShehab, D. (D.), Ahmed, H. A. (H. A.), Shebani, A. O. (A. O.), Elhadi, A. (A.), Elnagar, F. A. (F. A.), Elnagar, H. F. (H. F.), Makkai-Popa, S. T. (S. T.), Wong, L. F. (L. F.), Yunrong, T. (T.), Thanninalai, S. (S.), Aik, H. C. (H. C.), Soon, P. W. (P. W.), Huei, T. J. (T. J.), Basave, H. N. (H. N. L.), Cortes-Gonzalez, R. (R.), Lagarde, S. M. (S. M.), van Lanschot, J. J. (J. J. B.), Cords, C. (C.), Jansen, W. A. (W. A.), Martijnse, I. (I), Matthijsen, R. (R.), Bouwense, S. (S.), Klarenbeek, B. (B.), Verstegen, M. (M.), van Workum, F. (F.), Ruurda, J. P. (J. P.), van der Veen, A. (A.), van den Berg, J. W. (J. W.), Evenett, N. (N.), Johnston, P. (P.), Patel, R. (R.), MacCormick, A. (A.), Young, M. (M.), Smith, B. (B.), Ekwunife, C. (C.), Memon, A. H. (A. H.), Shaikh, K. (K.), Wajid, A. (A.), Khalil, N. (N.), Haris, M. (M.), Mirza, Z. U. (Z. U.), Qudus, S. B. (S. B. A.), Sarwar, M. Z. (M. Z.), Shehzadi, A. (A.), Raza, A. (A.), Jhanzaib, M. H. (M. H.), Farmanali, J. (J.), Zakir, Z. (Z.), Shakeel, O. (O.), Nasir, I. (I), Khattak, S. (S.), Baig, M. (M.), Noor, M. A. (M. A.), Ahmed, H. H. (H. H.), Naeem, A. (A.), Pinho, A. C. (A. C.), da Silva, R. (R.), Bernardes, A. (A.), Campos, J. C. (J. C.), Matos, H. (H.), Braga, T. (T.), Monteiro, C. (C.), Ramos, P. (P.), Cabral, F. (F.), Gomes, M. P. (M. P.), Martins, P. C. (P. C.), Correia, A. M. (A. M.), Videira, J. F. (J. F.), Ciuce, C. (C.), Drasovean, R. (R.), Apostu, R. (R.), Paitici, S. (S.), Racu, A. E. (A. E.), Obleaga, C. V. (C., V), Beuran, M. (M.), Stoica, B. (B.), Ciubotaru, C. (C.), Negoita, V. (V), Cordos, I. (I), Birla, R. D. (R. D.), Predescu, D. (D.), Hoara, P. A. (P. A.), Tomsa, R. (R.), Shneider, V. (V), Agasiev, M. (M.), Ganjara, I. (I), Gunjic, D. (D.), Veselinovic, M. (M.), Babic, T. (T.), Chin, T. S. (T. S.), Shabbir, A. (A.), Kim, G. (G.), Crnjac, A. (A.), Samo, H. (H.), del Val, I. D. (I. Diez), Leturio, S. (S.), Ramon, J. M. (J. M.), Dal Cero, M. (M.), Rifa, S. (S.), Rico, M. (M.), Pomar, A. P. (A. Pagan), Corcoles, J. A. (J. A. Martinez), Miravalles, J. L. (J. L. Rodicio), Pais, S. A. (S. A.), Turienzo, S. A. (S. A.), Alvarez, L. S. (L. S.), Campos, P. V. (P., V), Rendo, A. G. (A. G.), Garcia, S. S. (S. S.), Santos, E. P. (E. P. G.), Martinez, E. T. (E. T.), Diaz, M. J. (M. J. Fernandez), Alvarez, C. M. (C. Magadan), Martin, V. C. (V. Concepcion), Lopez, C. D. (C. Diaz), Rodrigo, A. R. (A. Rosat), Sanchez, L. E. (L. E. Perez), Cuadrado, M. B. (M. Bailon), Carrasco, C. T. (C. Tinoco), Bhojwani, E. C. (E. Choolani), Sanchez, D. P. (D. P.), Ahmed, M. E. (M. E.), Dzhendov, T. (T.), Lindberg, F. (F.), Rutegard, M. (M.), Sundbom, M. (M.), Mickael, C. (C.), Colucci, N. (N.), Schnider, A. (A.), Er, S. (S.), Kurnaz, E. (E.), Turkyilmaz, S. (S.), Turkyilmaz, A. (A.), Yildirim, R. (R.), Baki, B. E. (B. E.), Akkapulu, N. (N.), Karahan, O. (O.), Damburaci, N. (N.), Hardwick, R. (R.), Safranek, P. (P.), Sujendran, V. (V), Bennett, J. (J.), Afzal, Z. (Z.), Shrotri, M. (M.), Chan, B. (B.), Exarchou, K. (K.), Gilbert, T. (T.), Amalesh, T. (T.), Mukherjee, D. (D.), Mukherjee, S. (S.), Wiggins, T. H. (T. H.), Kennedy, R. (R.), McCain, S. (S.), Harris, A. (A.), Dobson, G. (G.), Davies, N. (N.), Wilson, I. (I), Mayo, D. (D.), Bennett, D. (D.), Young, R. (R.), Manby, P. (P.), Blencowe, N. (N.), Schiller, M. (M.), Byrne, B. (B.), Mitton, D. (D.), Wong, V. (V), Elshaer, A. (A.), Cowen, M. (M.), Menon, V. (V), Tan, L. C. (L. C.), McLaughlin, E. (E.), Koshy, R. (R.), Sharp, C. (C.), Brewer, H. (H.), Das, N. (N.), Cox, M. (M.), Al Khyatt, W. (W.), Worku, D. (D.), Iqbal, R. (R.), Walls, L. (L.), McGregor, R. (R.), Fullarton, G. (G.), Macdonald, A. (A.), MacKay, C. (C.), Craig, C. (C.), Dwerryhouse, S. (S.), Hornby, S. (S.), Jaunoo, S. (S.), Wadley, M. (M.), Baker, C. (C.), Saad, M. (M.), Kelly, M. (M.), Davies, A. (A.), Di Maggio, F. (F.), Mistry, P. (P.), Singhal, R. (R.), Tucker, O. (O.), Kapoulas, S. (S.), Powell-Brett, S. (S.), Davis, P. (P.), Bromley, G. (G.), Watson, L. (L.), Verma, R. (R.), Ward, J. (J.), Shetty, V. (V), Ball, C. (C.), Pursnani, K. (K.), Sarela, A. (A.), Ling, H. S. (H. Sue), Mehta, S. (S.), Hayden, J. (J.), To, N. (N.), Palser, T. (T.), Hunter, D. (D.), Supramaniam, K. (K.), Butt, Z. (Z.), Ahmed, A. (A.), Kumar, S. (S.), Chaudry, A. (A.), Moussa, O. (O.), Kordzadeh, A. (A.), Patil, P. (P.), Noaman, I. (I), Willem, J. (J.), Bouras, G. (G.), Evans, R. (R.), Singh, M. (M.), Warrilow, H. (H.), Ahmad, A. (A.), Tewari, N. (N.), Yanni, F. (F.), Couch, J. (J.), Theophilidou, E. (E.), Reilly, J. J. (J. J.), van Boxel, G. (G.), Akbari, K. (K.), Zanotti, D. (D.), Sgromo, B. (B.), Sanders, G. (G.), Wheatley, T. (T.), Ariyarathenam, A. (A.), Reece-Smith, A. (A.), Humphreys, L. (L.), Choh, C. (C.), Carter, N. (N.), Knight, B. (B.), Pucher, P. (P.), Athanasiou, A. (A.), Tan, B. (B.), Abdulrahman, M. (M.), Vickers, J. (J.), Akhtar, K. (K.), Chaparala, R. (R.), Brown, R. (R.), Alasmar, M. M. (M. M. A.), Ackroyd, R. (R.), Patel, K. (K.), Tamhankar, A. (A.), Wyman, A. (A.), Walker, R. (R.), Grace, B. (B.), Abbassi, N. (N.), Slim, N. (N.), Ioannidi, L. (L.), Blackshaw, G. (G.), Havard, T. (T.), Escofet, X. (X.), Powell, A. (A.), Owera, A. (A.), Rashid, F. (F.), Jambulingam, P. (P.), Padickakudi, J. (J.), Ben-Younes, H. (H.), McCormack, K. (K.), Makey, I. A. (I. A.), Karush, M. K. (M. K.), Seder, C. W. (C. W.), Liptay, M. J. (M. J.), Chmielewski, G. (G.), Rosato, E. L. (E. L.), Berger, A. C. (A. C.), Zheng, R. (R.), Okolo, E. (E.), Singh, A. (A.), Scott, C. D. (C. D.), Weyant, M. J. (M. J.), and Mitchell, J. D. (J. D.)

Abstract

Background: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. Methods: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. Results: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery.

Published
2021

4. Damages Against Casualty Officer

Author

Guilamant, M. V., Mackie, Richard, Simmons, Stanley C., Hayes, Henry H., Kelleher, Denis, Mills, W. G., Abraham, C., Budge, N., Bull, D. W., Elliott-Binns, C. P., Evans, R. R., Fehily, H. M., Fowler, G. S., Griffith-Jones, B. M., Hogg, R. E., Langrana, D. B., Lamont, T. W., Michael, T. T. E., Morrison, A. C., Nichols, R. G., Partridge, A. B., Tenderenda, T., Waddy, G. W., Zerny, C. J., and Alment, E. A. J.

Published
1953

6. Tasco-Forage: II. Monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract

Author

Saker, K. E., Allen, V. G., Fontenot, J. P., Bagley, C. P., Ivy, R. L., Evans, R. R., and Wester, D. B.

Subjects
Grazing -- Health aspects, Tall fescue -- Health aspects, Cattle -- Food and nutrition, Marine algae -- Health aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Effects of applying Tasco-Forage, an Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in Virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in Mississippi. There were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at each location. Steers in Virginia were Angus and Angus x Hereford with initial weights of 245 kg (SD = 20), 234 kg (SD = 9), and 265 kg (SD = 5) in yr 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Steers in Mississippi were 3/4 Angus and 1/4 Brahman and weighed 230 kg (SD = 8) and 250 kg (SD = 2) in yr 2 and 3, respectively. Tasco (3.4 kg/ha) was dissolved in water and applied to pastures in April before grazing was begun and again in July at the same rate. The grazing period was from mid-April to late September or mid-October. Total gains were higher (P [is less than] 0.05) for steers grazing uninfected than for those grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Rectal temperatures were increased (P [is less than] 0.05) due to endophyte infection at both locations; Tasco application decreased temperature of steers grazing infected fescue in Virginia (interaction, P [is less than] 0.07) but increased temperatures of steers grazing infected fescue in Mississippi (interaction, P [is less than] 0.05). Presence of the endophyte resulted in rough hair coats and loss of hair color, but the effect was partially offset (P [is less than] 0.05) by Tasco application in Virginia in 1995. Both monocyte phagocytic activity (all years and locations) and major histocompatibility complex class II expression (1995 only) were decreased (P [is less than] 0.05) in steers due to endophyte infection, but this effect was reversed (P [is less than] 0.05) by application of Tasco to pastures. Application of the extract from A. nodosum seems to have use in alleviating adverse effects of endophyte on immune function and may improve hair coat condition in cattle grazing infected fescue, but effects on rectal temperature varied due to location. Key Words: Festuca, Forage, Grazing, Immune Response, Steers, Toxicity

Published
2001

7. Tasco-Forage: I. Influence of a seaweed extract on antioxidant activity in tall fescue and in ruminants

Author

Fike, J. H., Allen, V. G., Schmidt, R. E., Zhang, X., Fontenot, J. P., Bagley, C. P., Ivy, R. L., Evans, R. R., Coelho, R. W., and Western, D. B.

Subjects
Marine algae -- Health aspects, Superoxide dismutase -- Health aspects, Tall fescue -- Health aspects, Ruminants -- Food and nutrition, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is a known source of plant growth regulators, and application to turfgrasses has increased activity of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and specific vitamin precursors. Increased antioxidant activity in both plants and animals diminishes oxidative stress. Two pasture experiments investigated effects of Tasco-Forage (a proprietary seaweed-based product) applied to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) on antioxidant activity in plants and in ruminants that grazed the forage. In Exp. 1, fescue was 70 to 100% infected with the endophyte fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin). Twenty-four wether lambs (initial BW 41 kg; SD = 5) grazed fescue treated with 0, 1.7, or 3.4 kg Tasco/ha applied in April and July, 1994, with four replications per treatment. Grazing occurred for 26 d beginning April 21 and for 22 d beginning July 19. In July, there was a linear increase in daily gains (P [is less than] 0.05), and serum vitamin A (P [is less than] 0.13) and whole-blood Se (P [is less than] 0.10) tended to increase in lambs grazing Tasco-treated fescue. In Exp. 2, 48 Angus and Angus x Hereford steers (initial BW 245 kg; SD = 20) grazed infected or uninfected tall fescue in Virginia that was treated (3.4 kg/ ha) or untreated with Tasco in April and July, 1995. Steers that grazed infected tall fescue had lower (P [is less than] 0.02) serum vitamin A and E and tended (P [is less than] 0.07) to have lower whole-blood Se in September compared with steers that grazed uninfected tall fescue. Tasco decreased (P [is less than] 0.06) serum vitamin E but tended to increase whole-blood Se (P [is less than] 0.10) in September and serum vitamin A in July (P [is less than] 0.12). During 1996 and 1997, the experiment was repeated in Virginia with Angus steers and was replicated at Prairie, MS, where 1/4 Brahman x 3/4 Angus steers were used. Forty-eight steers were included at each location in each year (n = 192 total steers for 1996 and 1997). Steers that grazed infected tall fescue in Mississippi had lower (P [is less than] 0.05) serum vitamin E by the end of the grazing season. At both locations Tasco increased (P [is less than] 0.05) activity of superoxide dismutase in both infected and uninfected fescue. The endophyte in tall fescue seemed to decrease antioxidant activity in grazing steers, whereas Tasco seemed to increase antioxidant activity in both the forage and the grazing ruminant. Tasco may provide opportunities to reduce oxidative stress in plants and animals. Key Words: Antioxidants, Cattle, Fetuca, Seaweeds, Sheep, Vitamins

Published
2001

8. Tasco-Forage: III. Influence of a seaweed extract on performance, monocyte immune cell response, and carcass characteristics in feedlot-finished steers

Author

Allen, V. G., Pond, K. R., Saker, K. E., Fontenot, J. P., Bagley, C. P., Ivy, R. L., Evans, R. R., Brown, C. P., Miller, M. F., Montgomery, J. L., Dettle, T. M., and Wester, D. B.

Subjects
Tall fescue -- Health aspects, Marine algae -- Health aspects, Cattle -- Food and nutrition, Grazing -- Health aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin) causes fescue toxicosis in cattle grazing the forage, but effects of the endophyte were considered to be abated soon after removal of the animals from pastures. Tasco-Forage, a proprietary extract from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, is a known source of cytokinins and has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and the animals that graze the forage. Tasco was applied at 0 and 3.4 kg/ha to infected and uninfected tall fescue pastures in Virginia and Mississippi. Forty-eight steers grazed the pastures at each location during each of 2 yr (n = 192) before being transported to Texas for feedlot finishing. On arrival at the feedlot, steers from Tasco-treated pastures had higher (P [is less than] 0.01) monocyte phagocytic activity and tended (P [is less than] .0.07) to have higher major histocompatibility complex class II expression than steers that grazed the untreated pastures. A depression (P [is less than] 0.05) in monocyte immune cell function due to grazing infected fescue was detected throughout the feedlot finishing period but was reversed by Tasco. Rectal temperatures were elevated (P [is less than] 0.07) in steers that had grazed the infected tall fescue when they arrived in Texas, but by d 14 no difference was detected. However, by d 28 the temperature effects of infected tall fescue were reversed. Steers that had grazed infected fescue had lower (P [is less than] 0.01) rectal temperatures on d 112 of the feedlot period, demonstrating a much longer-lasting effect of the endophyte on thermoregulatory mechanisms than previously thought. Steers that had grazed Tasco-treated pastures had higher (P [is less than] 0.01) rectal temperatures on d 56 than steers that had grazed untreated fescue. Steers that had grazed the Tasco-treated pastures had higher marbling scores (P [is less than] 0.05) regardless of the endophyte, but no effect of Tasco or endophyte on gain was measured. Our data suggest that Tasco application to tall fescue pastures alleviated some of the negative effects of tall fescue toxicity. Key Words: Beef, Carcass Characteristics, Endophytes, Immune Response

Published
2001

9. Tasco: Influence of a brown seaweed on antioxidants in forages and livestock—A review

Author

Allen, V. G., primary, Pond, K. R., additional, Saker, K. E., additional, Fontenot, J. P., additional, Bagley, C. P., additional, Ivy, R. L., additional, Evans, R. R., additional, Schmidt, R. E., additional, Fike, J. H., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Ayad, J. Y., additional, Brown, C. P., additional, Miller, M. F., additional, Montgomery, J. L., additional, Mahan, J., additional, Wester, D. B., additional, and Melton, C., additional

Published
2001
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11. Norgestomet implants prevent pregnancy in beef heifers on pasture.

Author

Geary, T W, primary, Reeves, J J, additional, Schafer, D W, additional, Evans, R R, additional, Randel, R D, additional, Rutter, L M, additional, Sasser, R G, additional, Guardia, R, additional, Alexander, B, additional, Holcombe, D, additional, Hanks, D R, additional, and Faulkner, D B, additional

Published
1997
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18. Properties of smooth muscle vinculin.

Author

Evans, R R, Robson, R M, and Stromer, M H

Abstract

Vinculin, isolated from turkey gizzard smooth muscle, was purified by chromatography on CM-cellulose after isolation from a DEAE-cellulose column. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of crude muscle fractions demonstrated that: 1) much of the approximately 130,000-dalton protein present in smooth muscle did not co-isoelectrically focus with the purified 130,000-dalton vinculin and 2) the purified vinculin consisted of three major, closely spaced isoelectric variants that were present only in small amounts in the original smooth muscle sample. Purified vinculin sedimented as a single peak with a sedimentation coefficient S0 20,w of 5.9. Circular dichroism spectra of purified vinculin indicated a considerable degree of secondary structure, with an alpha-helical content of approximately 50% as measured at 208 nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of vinculin gave a measured E1%(278) of 4.64. Digestion of vinculin, much of which is located at the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane, with Ca2+-activated neutral protease purified from skeletal muscle yielded major fragments with molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 98,000, 85,000, and 26,000. The factor(s) in DEAE-cellulose-purified vinculin responsible for decreasing the low shear viscosity of actin was removed and found in a crude fraction isolated by CM-cellulose chromatography. The purified vinculin had a small, but positive effect on the MgCl2-induced polymerization of actin as measured by low shear viscometry.

Published
1984
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19. THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE BOVINE EPIDIDYMIS

Author

EVANS, R. R. and JOHNSON, A. D.

Abstract

III. CHOLESTEROL AND ESTERIFIED CHOLESTEROL METABOLISMDepartment of Animal Science, University of Georgia College of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A.(Received 22nd August 1974)The maturation process which spermatozoa undergo in the epididymis may be partly attributed to a synthesis in vivoof products used in this maturation (Turner & Johnson, 1973a). Scott, Wales, Wallace & White (1963) reported that glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) synthesis occurred in the caput and cauda epididymidis of the rabbit both in vivoand in vitro. Hamilton, Jones & Fawcett (1969) reported synthesis in vitroof cholesterol from acetate in the mouse epididymis and ductus deferens. Hamilton & Fawcett (1970), utilizing the rat epididymis and ductus deferens, showed synthesis in vitroof cholesterol and testosterone from acetate. Turner & Johnson (1971) reported that, with the removal of spermatozoa from an area of the epididymis, lipid fractions tended to increase in concentration and free cholesterol as a percentage

Published
1975
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21. Damages against Casualty Officer

Author

Abraham, C., primary, Lamont, T. W., additional, Budge, N., additional, Michael, T. T. E., additional, Bull, D. W., additional, Morrison, A. C., additional, Elliott-Binns, C. P., additional, Nichols, R. G., additional, Evans, R. R., additional, Partridge, A. B., additional, Fehily, H. M., additional, Tenderenda, T., additional, Fowler, G. S., additional, Waddy, G. W., additional, Griffith-Jones, B. M., additional, Zerny, C. J., additional, Hogg, R. E., additional, Alment, E. A. J., additional, and Langrana, D. B., additional

Published
1953
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27. Biological osteosynthesis versus traditional anatomic reconstruction of 20 long-bone fractures using an interlocking nail: 1994-2001.

Author

Horstman CL, Beale BS, Conzemius MG, and Evans R R

Subjects
Animals, Bone Remodeling, Dogs injuries, Female, Femoral Fractures epidemiology, Femoral Fractures surgery, Femoral Fractures veterinary, Fractures, Comminuted epidemiology, Fractures, Comminuted surgery, Humeral Fractures epidemiology, Humeral Fractures surgery, Humeral Fractures veterinary, Male, Records veterinary, Retrospective Studies, Texas epidemiology, Tibial Fractures epidemiology, Tibial Fractures surgery, Tibial Fractures veterinary, Treatment Outcome, Bone Nails veterinary, Dogs surgery, Fracture Fixation, Internal veterinary, Fractures, Comminuted veterinary
Abstract

Objective: To observe differences in surgical and healing times as well as complication rates in dogs with a comminuted long-bone fracture stabilized with an interlocking nail (IN) using either anatomic or biologic repair., Study Design: Retrospective study., Animals: Twenty client-owned dogs with comminuted long-bone fractures., Methods: Medical records for dogs with fractures repaired during a 7-year period were reviewed; 20 dogs had repair with an IN nail and radiographic evidence of healing. These 20 dogs where divided into 2 groups, anatomic (11 dogs) and biological (9) repair, for statistical evaluation. Surgical and healing time and complication rates were compared between groups., Results: Median surgical times were: anatomic (95 minutes) and biologic (110 minutes; P=.06). Median healing times were anatomic (8 weeks) and biologic (6 weeks; P=.04). No statistical differences were observed in complication rates (the likelihood that a case required a second surgery [P=.58], the likelihood of a complication that was managed non-surgically [P=.27]). Use of a bone graft did not shorten healing times (P=.55)., Conclusions: Biological osteosynthesis provides clinical advantages over anatomic reconstruction with respect to a reduction in surgical and healing time without increasing complication rates., Clinical Relevance: Highly comminuted long-bone fractures can be successfully repaired using an IN without reconstructing the fracture fragments in dogs.

Published
2004
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28. New or developing antihypertensive agents.

Author

Evans RR and DiPette DJ

Subjects
Animals, Antihypertensive Agents classification, Cardiology trends, Humans, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Drugs, Investigational pharmacology
Abstract

Although significant pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic advances in treating hypertension during the last decade have reduced mortality and morbidity, hypertension continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Therefore, the search continues for newer specific pharmacologic treatment of this disorder. This review focuses on pharmacologic agents or classes of agents either recently approved or under clinical development for the treatment of hypertension.

Published
1997

29. Birth of a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Author

Pope CE, Dresser BL, Chin NW, Liu JH, Loskutoff NM, Behnke EJ, Brown C, McRae MA, Sinoway CE, Campbell MK, Cameron KN, Owens OM, Johnson CA, Evans RR, and Cedars MI

Subjects
Animals, Cryopreservation veterinary, Embryo Transfer methods, Female, Fertilization in Vitro methods, Follicle Stimulating Hormone administration & dosage, Menstrual Cycle physiology, Oocytes, Semen Preservation veterinary, Embryo Transfer veterinary, Fertilization in Vitro veterinary, Gorilla gorilla
Abstract

A 21-year-old multiparous female exhibiting 31-41 day menstrual cycles was given hFSH (225 IU/day, Metrodin 75, from cycle day 3 through 9 (menses = day 1) and hCG (10,000 IU, Profasi, on day 10 to stimulate follicular development. At 35 h after hCG, under isoflurane (AErrane) anesthesia, follicles were aspirated by controlled suction under transvaginal ultrasound guidance. Metaphase II oocytes (n = 11) were placed in modified human tubal fluid (mHTF, 100 microliters) medium under oil at 37 degrees C in humidified 5% CO2. Frozen semen, collected by voluntary ejaculation, was thawed (70 degrees C H2O bath, 6 sec), diluted slowly, centrifuged, and resuspended in mHTF, and 160,000 motile spermatozoa/ml were added at 6 h after oocyte recovery. At 21 h postinsemination (p.i.) eight oocytes were at the two-cell stage, five were cryopreserved, and three were cultured to the six- to eight-cell stage in mHTF with granulosa cells before transcervical uterine transfer at 47 h p.i. using a Teflon catheter. Micronized progesterone (400 mg/d) was orally administered for 10 weeks posttransfer (p.t.). Ultrasound examination revealed a single fetus at 15 weeks p.t., and unassisted delivery of a live 1.37 kg female infant occurred at 29 weeks. Am. J. Primatol. 41:247-260, 1997.

Published
1997
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30. Gene therapy and endothelial cell targeting for cancer.

Author

Evans RR, Calmels TP, Pitt BR, Brookens MA, Johnson CS, Modzelewski RA, and Lazo JS

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Drug Resistance, Gene Transfer Techniques, Genetic Therapy, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Pulmonary Fibrosis chemically induced, Antineoplastic Agents toxicity, Bleomycin toxicity, Endothelium, Vascular, Neoplasms, Experimental blood supply
Abstract

The endothelium represents a potentially critical target for gene therapy because of its anatomical location and its importance in the viability in both normal and malignant tissues. Protecting the endothelium of normal tissues, such as the lungs, from the toxic effects of current antineoplastic agents and the destruction of the tumor vasculature are reasonable goals. As a target, however, the endothelium continues to represent a significant challenge. While gene delivery to cultured endothelial cells is possible, improved delivery systems are required, as well as cell-specific promoters, before in vivo gene therapy to important endothelial populations can be accomplished.

Published
1994
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31. Saturable elimination and saturable protein binding account for flavone acetic acid pharmacokinetics.

Author

Relling MV, Evans RR, Groom S, Crom WR, and Pratt CB

Subjects
Antineoplastic Agents blood, Child, Flavonoids blood, Humans, Kinetics, Neoplasms blood, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms, Experimental blood, Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Neoplasms, Experimental metabolism, Protein Binding, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacokinetics, Flavonoids pharmacokinetics, Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract

Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is an antineoplastic agent that has undergone extensive study in Phase I trials. Concentration-dependent plasma protein binding has been demonstrated in vitro at concentrations of total drug that are achieved in vivo. Moreover, dose-dependent total systemic clearance has been described when FAA has been administered as a short iv infusion. When administered as a prolonged 24-hr infusion, total FAA (bound plus unbound) plasma pharmacokinetics are well described with a first-order two-compartment model. However, measurement of unbound FAA intra- and post-intravenous infusion in eight patients revealed a twofold increase in fraction of FAA unbound in plasma intrainfusion. We attempted to fit pharmacokinetic structural models of varying complexity to the unbound concentrations alone and simultaneously to the unbound and bound FAA plasma concentrations. The data were adequately described only by a model that incorporated simultaneous saturable plasma protein binding and a Michaelis-Menten process for elimination. A comparison among models is presented, as well as pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for FAA in children. These clinical data are consistent with predictions of the clearance model in which both saturable protein binding (resulting in a dynamically increasing unbound fraction) and saturable elimination (resulting in gradually decreasing unbound intrinsic clearance) are operative.

Published
1993
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32. Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of 7-ethoxycoumarin and umbelliferone.

Author

Evans RR and Relling MV

Subjects
7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase analysis, Coumarins metabolism, Humans, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Umbelliferones metabolism, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Coumarins analysis, Umbelliferones analysis
Abstract

An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is presented for the determination of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity. Following a 30-min microsomal incubation, 7-ethoxycoumarin, 4-methylumbelliferone (internal standard), and the metabolite umbelliferone were extracted with chloroform. Separation was achieved with an isocratic mobile phase using a microBondapak phenyl (300 mm x 3.9 mm I.D.) analytical column. The effluent was monitored by fluorescence detection with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 470 nm. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 10 and 6%, respectively. A detection limit of 0.07 micrograms/ml was achieved, making this method suitable for characterizing P-450 activity of human livers.

Published
1992
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33. Effects of calcium channel blockade on calcium homeostasis in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Author

Townsend R, DiPette DJ, Evans RR, Davis WR, Green A, Graham GA, Wallace JM, and Holland OB

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure drug effects, Captopril pharmacology, Diltiazem pharmacology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone blood, Renin blood, Calcium metabolism, Calcium Channel Blockers pharmacology, Homeostasis drug effects, Hypertension metabolism
Abstract

Calcium channel blockers may alter parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, which would alter calcium homeostasis. To determine the chronic effect of calcium channel blockade in vivo, we conducted a randomized, double blind, 16 week study comparing the effects of two pharmacologic antihypertensive agents, the calcium channel blocker diltiazem and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on parameters of calcium homeostasis. Both diltiazem and captopril lowered blood pressure to a similar degree. Neither drug produced any significant change in blood levels of total and ionized calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus, which affect the regulation of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. In addition, at eight or 16 weeks following initiation, neither drug altered the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25-D). Chronic calcium channel blockade with diltiazem does not alter serum parameters of calcium homeostasis and, thus, should not affect bone mineralization.

Published
1990
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34. Humoral factors determining the blood pressure response to converting enzyme inhibition and calcium channel blockade.

Author

Evans RR, Davis WR, Wallace JM, DiPette DJ, and Holland OB

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Delayed-Action Preparations, Humans, Hypertension blood, Middle Aged, Blood Pressure drug effects, Captopril therapeutic use, Diltiazem therapeutic use, Epinephrine blood, Hypertension drug therapy, Norepinephrine blood, Renin blood
Abstract

Renin and catecholamine levels were determined in patients with mild to moderate hypertension before and after treatment with sustained release diltiazem or captopril and were correlated with the blood pressure response to these antihypertensives. Eight weeks of treatment with either agent led to equal decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pretreatment plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma norepinephrine did not predict the blood pressure response to either agent. Diltiazem significantly increased both PRA and supine norepinephrine levels. However, in the diltiazem treated patients, there was no correlation between the change in plasma norepinephrine and the change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, there was a negative correlation (P less than .05) between the reactive rise in PRA and the decrease in systolic blood pressure. Thus, the antihypertensive response to a calcium channel blocker may be determined, in part, by the reactive response of pressor systems.

Published
1990
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36. Metabolic effects of antihypertensive therapy with a calcium antagonist.

Author

Pool PE, Herron JM, Rosenblatt S, Reeves RL, Nappi JM, Staker LV, DiPette DJ, and Evans RR

Subjects
Blood Pressure drug effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Delayed-Action Preparations, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate drug effects, Humans, Hypertension blood, Hypertension physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Random Allocation, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diltiazem pharmacology, Hypertension drug therapy, Lipids blood
Abstract

The effect of diuretics to increase serum glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as the adverse changes in triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol produced by nonselective beta blockers, have been largely ignored in the treatment of hypertension. However, a number of trials have shown that reductions in serum lipids can alter cardiovascular mortality. Calcium antagonists have become major drugs in the treatment of hypertension, and some data suggest that calcium antagonists may increase serum glucose levels. Significantly less data on lipid effects have been published. Lipid and glucose effects were examined in an 8-week antihypertensive study using a sustained-release preparation of diltiazem titrated from 240 to 360 mg/day in a twice-daily regimen in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial in 96 patients. Average supine blood pressure at week 8 was 156/98 mm Hg, standing blood pressure with placebo 152/100 mm Hg, and with diltiazem 147/91 and 144/93 mm Hg. There were no statistically significant changes in serum lipids or glucose in the diltiazem or placebo group or between the groups. Mean values (mg/dl) at baseline and week 8 in the diltiazem group were, respectively, for cholesterol 215 and 218, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 50 and 51, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 128 and 133, triglycerides 169 and 175, and glucose 113 and 110. Thus, this large and placebo-controlled study shows that diltiazem is among the antihypertensives with no adverse long-term lipid or glucose effects.

Published
1988
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38. Field efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling steers.

Author

Hawkins JA, Evans RR, Newby TJ, Delivorias MH, and Tyler TD

Subjects
Abomasum parasitology, Animals, Body Weight, Cattle, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Delayed-Action Preparations, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic drug therapy, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic prevention & control, Intestine, Large parasitology, Intestine, Small parasitology, Larva, Male, Morantel therapeutic use, Nematoda growth & development, Nematode Infections drug therapy, Nematode Infections prevention & control, Parasite Egg Count, Pepsinogens blood, Thiabendazole therapeutic use, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic veterinary, Morantel administration & dosage, Nematode Infections veterinary, Pyrimidines administration & dosage
Abstract

The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling steers was evaluated over a 6-month grazing period commencing on 26 March 1982. Three groups of 15 steers were allotted to the following treatments: Group 1 -- one MSRB at start of trial; Group 2 -- one therapeutic dose of thiabendazole at start of trial; Group 3 -- untreated control. The treatment groups were grazed separately. Parasite egg counts (EPG), herbage larval counts, pepsinogen levels and weight gains were monitored. Every other month, sets of 2 parasite-free tracer calves were placed in the pasture grazed by each treatment group and allowed to graze for 3 weeks before being subsequently necropsied for worm counts. At the end of the trial, 6 animals from each group were also necropsied for worm counts. The MSRB treatment resulted in significantly lower egg counts, fewer infective larvae on pasture, lower pepsinogen levels and lower worm burdens in tracer calves than was the case for the untreated group, but generally the levels were not significantly different from those associated with the thiabendazole treatment. The mean weight gain for the MSRB treated steers showed a significant advantage (70.9 lb) over the untreated animals, but was not significantly different from those which received thiabendazole. Total worm counts at the end of the trial were not different from any treatment group.

Published
1985
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39. Enalaprilat, an intravenous angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in hypertensive crises.

Author

DiPette DJ, Ferraro JC, Evans RR, and Martin M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Dipeptides administration & dosage, Emergencies, Enalaprilat, Female, Heart Rate drug effects, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Antihypertensive Agents, Dipeptides therapeutic use, Hypertension drug therapy
Abstract

The effect of enalaprilat (MK-422), a newly synthesized, intravenous, nonsulfhydryl, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was studied in seven patients with either severe or malignant hypertension. All subjects initially received a 1 mg bolus injection of enalaprilat followed in 30 minutes by 10 mg. Five subjects received an additional 40 mg. Mean (+/- SE) pretreatment blood pressure for the group was 226 +/- 9/141 +/- 7 mm Hg. Five minutes after the 1 mg enalaprilat dose, blood pressure decreased to 211 +/- 10/131 +/- 9 mm Hg and further fell to 201 +/- 14/123 +/- 11 mm Hg at 30 minutes. The maximal reduction in blood pressure to 169 +/- 14/112 +/- 10 mm Hg occurred 30 minutes after the 10 mg dose. No further blood pressure reduction was observed in those subjects who received the additional 40 mg dose. Within the entire group, five subjects exhibited sustained blood pressure reduction. No adverse side effects or symptomatic hypotension occurred in any subject.

Published
1985
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40. Sustained-release diltiazem: duration of antihypertensive effect.

Author

Pool PE, Herron JM, Rosenblatt S, Reeves RL, Nappi JM, Staker LV, Dipette DJ, and Evans RR

Subjects
Aged, Blood Pressure drug effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Delayed-Action Preparations, Diltiazem therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate drug effects, Humans, Hypertension physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Posture, Random Allocation, Time Factors, Diltiazem administration & dosage, Hypertension drug therapy
Abstract

The antihypertensive activity of a sustained-release preparation of diltiazem (given each 12 hours) was assessed in 96 patients with supine diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 95 and 110 mm Hg in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo run-in, parallel-group trial comparing optimally titrated doses of diltiazem and placebo. The aim was to assess the onset of action as well as the extent and variability of BP control of this formulation during the 12-hour interval. Diltiazem was titrated from 120 mg bid to 180 mg bid as necessary to lower BP. At baseline, on the first day of titration, and at the end of 8 weeks, BP was evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after dosing. The onset of action was within 2 hours, and the effect was maintained throughout the 12-hour period. Mean BP for the diltiazem group at baseline was 154/101 mm Hg. At week 8, BP was 148/93 mm Hg at hour "0" (P less than .02 and P = .0001 for systolic and diastolic BP vs. placebo), 139/84 mm Hg at the nadir at hour 5 (P = .0001), and 149/91 mm Hg at the end of the 12-hour period (P less than .02 and P = .0001 for systolic and diastolic BP). Diltiazem was significantly more effective than placebo (P = .0001) with 50% of patients controlled to a diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg at 7 of the 10 evaluation points, including the evaluation point of 12 hours post-dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1989
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41. The effect of intravenous enalaprilat (MK-422) administration in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Author

Evans RR, Henzler MA, Weber EM, and DiPette DJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents adverse effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Enalapril adverse effects, Enalapril therapeutic use, Enalaprilat, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Enalapril analogs & derivatives, Hypertension drug therapy
Abstract

The antihypertensive effect of enalaprilat (MK-422), an intravenous (IV), nonsulfhydryl converting-enzyme inhibitor, was evaluated in a double-blind study of 14 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The seven patients in the treatment group initially received IV enalaprilat 1.25 mg q6h for 24 hours. Thereafter, responding patients (diastolic blood pressure [BP] less than or equal to 95 mm Hg) continued receiving this dose q6h for an additional 24 hours, whereas nonresponding patients were increased to IV enalaprilat 5 mg q6h for another 24 hours. Baseline BP for enalaprilat was 161 +/- 5/107 +/- 2 mm Hg (+/- SEM), and for placebo it was 150 +/- 5/103 +/- 2 mm Hg. Within the first 60 minutes, a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic BP was noted in the enalaprilat group (P less than .05), without significant changes occurring in the placebo group. Although there was a gradual decline in both systolic and diastolic BP throughout the 48-hour study period in the placebo group, systolic and diastolic BP reduction was greater in the enalaprilat group, reaching a maximal decrease of 133 +/- 3/87 +/- 3 mm Hg. Adverse side effects did not occur in any patient.

Published
1987
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42. Efficacy of a morantel sustained-release bolus for control of gastrointestinal parasites in winter-grazed steers in Mississippi.

Author

Hawkins JA, Evans RR, Taylor CE, Couvillion CE, Illyes EF, Wilkins CP, Johnson-Delivorias MH, and Tyler TD

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Delayed-Action Preparations, Gastrointestinal Diseases parasitology, Gastrointestinal Diseases prevention & control, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic prevention & control, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic veterinary, Male, Mississippi, Cattle Diseases parasitology, Gastrointestinal Diseases veterinary, Morantel therapeutic use, Pyrimidines therapeutic use, Thiabendazole therapeutic use
Abstract

From Nov 22, 1983 through May 15, 1984, 36 crossbred steers were allotted into 3 treatment groups (12/group) and were grazed on separate 3.4-hectare pastures. On Nov 22, 1983, the steers were administered a single morantel sustained-release bolus (MSRB), orally (group 1), or a single dose of thiabendazole (TBZ; 66 mg/kg of body weight, orally; group 2), or were left untreated (group 3; controls). Animal weights, nematode egg counts in fecal specimens, and plasma pepsinogen concentrations were monitored monthly. At the termination of the study, 4 steers from each treatment group were slaughtered and necropsied and worm counts were determined. A set of parasite-free tracer calves (3/treatment group) were grazed with each treatment group for 1 month, beginning on Nov 22, 1983; a second set of tracer calves (3/group) were grazed with each treatment group for 1 month, beginning Apr 3, 1984. At the end of their respective grazing periods, tracer calves were held for 3 weeks and then were slaughtered and necropsied and their worm counts were determined. Mean nematode egg counts in fecal specimens of group 1 (MSRB treated) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that of the TBZ-treated or nontreated steers. Differences in worm counts were not found between treatment groups. Differences in worm counts of tracer calves were not found among the 3 groups for November 1983 nor for April 1984. Steers treated with the MSRB had a higher mean weight gain (P less than 0.06) than did the control or TBZ-treated steers.

Published
1987

45. Behavioral And Personality Expectations Associated With Status Positions.

Author

Borgatta EF and Evans RR

Abstract

Two parallel studies explore whether status-positions may be character- ized by certain general behaviors and personality traits. Fifty-two status- positions, including selected ethnic, occupational, age, sex, and familial categories, were ranked and rated on twenty-eight personality and behavioral characteristics by substantial samples of college students. Analysis of these data indicated that some behavioral characteristics and personality traits are consistently attributed to particular status-positions independently of method (rating or ranking), with little or no effects attributable to the five orders of presentation used. Factor analysis of the status-positions yielded five factors for both the ratings and the rankings, four of which were interpretable and scored: Likeability, Defiance, Responsibility, and Emotionality. The factor structure found was related to previous research on characteristics of persons. Profiles of the status-positions using mean scores based on these four factors plus assertiveness were presented.

Published
1967
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48. A controlled study of cromolyn sodium sponsored by the Drug Committee of the American Academy of Allergy.

Author

Bernstein IL, Siegel SC, Brandon ML, Brown EB, Evans RR, Feinberg AR, Friedlaender S, Krumholz RA, Hadley RA, Handelman NI, Thurston D, and Yamate M

Subjects
Academies and Institutes, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cromolyn Sodium therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Radiography, Thoracic, Respiratory Function Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Asthma drug therapy, Cromolyn Sodium standards
Published
1972
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