15 results on '"Evan, Leibu"'
Search Results
2. Baseline brain structural and functional predictors of clinical outcome in the early course of schizophrenia
- Author
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Sophia Frangou, Maxwell J. Luber, Dominik A. Moser, Evan Leibu, and Gaelle E. Doucet
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Multivariate analysis ,Thalamus ,Striatum ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Group cohesiveness ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Molecular Biology ,Default mode network ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,Brain morphometry ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Research Highlight ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Nerve Net ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Although schizophrenia is considered a brain disorder, the role of brain organization for symptomatic improvement remains inadequately defined. We investigated the relationship between baseline brain morphology, resting-state network connectivity and clinical response after 24-weeks of antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia (n = 95) using integrated multivariate analyses. There was no significant association between clinical response and measures of cortical thickness (r = 0.37, p = 0.98) and subcortical volume (r = 0.56, p = 0.15). By contrast, we identified a strong mode of covariation linking functional network connectivity to clinical response (r = 0.70; p = 0.04), and particularly to improvement in positive (weight = 0.62) and anxious/depressive symptoms (weight = 0.49). Higher internal cohesiveness of the default mode network was the single most important positive predictor. Key negative predictors involved the functional cohesiveness of central executive subnetworks anchored in the frontoparietal cortices and subcortical regions (including the thalamus and striatum) and the inter-network integration between the default mode and sensorimotor networks. The present findings establish links between clinical response and the functional organization of brain networks involved both in perception and in spontaneous and goal-directed cognition, thereby advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. more...
- Published
- 2018
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Catalog
3. High-dose ondansetron reduces activation of interoceptive and sensorimotor brain regions
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Rebbia Shahab, Lazar Fleysher, James W. Murrough, Evan Leibu, Wayne K. Goodman, Stephanie J. Grimaldi, Barbara J. Coffey, Katherine E. Burdick, Michael K. Parides, and Emily R. Stern
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Adult ,Male ,Cingulate cortex ,Sensory system ,Somatosensory system ,Article ,Interoception ,Ondansetron ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sensation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,Temporal cortex ,business.industry ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Serotonin Antagonists ,business ,Neuroscience ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Several psychiatric disorders involve abnormalities of interoception and associated neural circuitry centered on the insula. The development of interventions modulating interoceptive circuits could lead to novel treatment approaches for these disorders. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron is a good candidate for the modulation of interoceptive circuits, as 5-HT3 receptors are located abundantly on sensory pathways and ondansetron has shown some clinical utility in disorders characterized by sensory and interoceptive abnormalities. The present study tested the ability of three different doses of ondansetron to engage neural regions involved in interoception to determine the drug’s utility as a therapeutic agent to target circuit abnormalities in patients. Fifty-three healthy subjects were randomized to receive a single 8-mg (n = 18), 16-mg (n = 17), or 24-mg (n = 18) dose of ondansetron and placebo before MRI scanning on separate days. Subjects performed an fMRI task previously shown to engage interoceptive circuitry in which they viewed videos depicting body movements/sensation and control videos. The results revealed a highly significant relationship between dosage and activation in bilateral insula, somatosensory and premotor regions, cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex for control but not body-focused videos. These effects were driven by a robust reduction in activation for ondansetron compared to placebo for the 24-mg group, with weaker effects for the 16-mg and 8-mg groups. In conclusion, high-dose ondansetron reduces activation of several areas important for interoception, including insula and sensorimotor cortical regions. This study reveals the potential utility of this drug in modulating hyperactivity in these regions in patients. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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4. Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness
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Katherine E. Burdick, Emily R. Stern, James W. Murrough, Alexandra F. Muratore, Evan Leibu, Wayne K. Goodman, Lazar Fleysher, and Stephanie J. Grimaldi
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Temporal cortex ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,05 social sciences ,Body awareness ,Somatosensory system ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurology ,Sensation ,Interoception ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Prefrontal cortex ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self-reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self-reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self-rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. more...
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- 2017
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5. PROBER: oligonucleotide FISH probe design software.
- Author
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Nicholas Navin, Vladimir Grubor, Jim Hicks, Evan Leibu, Elizabeth Thomas, Jennifer Troge, Michael Riggs, Pär Lundin, Susanne Månér, Jonathan Sebat, Anders Zetterberg, and Michael Wigler
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- 2006
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6. Multivariate Associations Among Behavioral, Clinical, and Multimodal Imaging Phenotypes in Patients With Psychosis
- Author
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Gunter Schumann, Sophia Frangou, Alex Ing, Natalie L. Rasgon, Alexander Rasgon, Evan Leibu, Dominik A. Moser, Won Hee Lee, Hannah Krinsky, and Gaelle E. Doucet
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Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,Multivariate analysis ,Bipolar Disorder ,Health Behavior ,Neuroimaging ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Brain mapping ,Multimodal Imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fractional anisotropy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Young adult ,Life Style ,Original Investigation ,Brain Mapping ,Depressive Disorder ,business.industry ,Brain ,Organ Size ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,White Matter ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Alterations in multiple neuroimaging phenotypes have been reported in psychotic disorders. However, neuroimaging measures can be influenced by factors that are not directly related to psychosis and may confound the interpretation of case-control differences. Therefore, a detailed characterization of the contribution of these factors to neuroimaging phenotypes in psychosis is warranted. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between neuroimaging measures and behavioral, health, and demographic variables in psychosis using an integrated multivariate approach. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This imaging study was conducted at a university research hospital from June 26, 2014, to March 9, 2017. High-resolution multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 100 patients with schizophrenia, 40 patients with bipolar disorder, and 50 healthy volunteers; computed were cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, white matter fractional anisotropy, task-related brain activation (during working memory and emotional recognition), and resting-state functional connectivity. Ascertained in all participants were nonimaging measures pertaining to clinical features, cognition, substance use, psychological trauma, physical activity, and body mass index. The association between imaging and nonimaging measures was modeled using sparse canonical correlation analysis with robust reliability testing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Multivariate patterns of the association between nonimaging and neuroimaging measures in patients with psychosis and healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The analyses were performed in 92 patients with schizophrenia (23 female [25.0%]; mean [SD] age, 27.0 [7.6] years), 37 patients with bipolar disorder (12 female [32.4%]; mean [SD] age, 27.5 [8.1] years), and 48 healthy volunteers (20 female [41.7%]; mean [SD] age, 29.8 [8.5] years). The imaging and nonimaging data sets showed significant covariation (r = 0.63, P more...
- Published
- 2018
7. Neural correlates of affective and non-affective cognition in obsessive compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies
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Alexander Rasgon, Evan Leibu, David C. Glahn, Angela R. Laird, Sophia Frangou, Won Hee Lee, and Wayne K. Goodman
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Adult ,Male ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Precuneus ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Brain mapping ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030227 psychiatry ,Functional imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Affect ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Posterior cingulate ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Arousal ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive ritualistic behaviors and has been associated with diverse functional brain abnormalities. We sought to synthesize current evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and examine their alignment to pathogenetic models of OCD. Following systematic review, we identified 54 task-fMRI studies published in the last decade comparing adults with OCD (n = 1186) to healthy adults (n = 1159) using tasks of affective and non-affective cognition. We used voxel-based quantitative meta-analytic methods to combine primary data on anatomical coordinates of case-control differences, separately for affective and non-affective tasks. We found that functional abnormalities in OCD cluster within cortico-striatal thalamic circuits. Within these circuits, the abnormalities identified showed significant dependence on the affective or non-affective nature of the tasks employed as circuit probes. In studies using affective tasks, patients overactivated regions involved in salience, arousal and habitual responding (anterior cingulate cortex, insula, caudate head and putamen) and underactivated regions implicated in cognitive and behavioral control (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior caudate). In studies using non-affective cognitive tasks, patients overactivated regions involved in self-referential processing (precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex) and underactivated subcortical regions that support goal-directed cognition and motor control (pallidum, ventral anterior thalamus, posterior caudate). The overall pattern suggests that OCD-related brain dysfunction involves increased affective and self-referential processing, enhanced habitual responding and blunted cognitive control. more...
- Published
- 2017
8. Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness
- Author
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Emily R, Stern, Stephanie J, Grimaldi, Alexandra, Muratore, James, Murrough, Evan, Leibu, Lazar, Fleysher, Wayne K, Goodman, and Katherine E, Burdick
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Brain Mapping ,Individuality ,Sensation ,Brain ,Humans ,Attention ,Self Report ,Awareness ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Article ,Interoception - Abstract
Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self-reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self-reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self-rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6068-6082, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. more...
- Published
- 2017
9. DSM-5
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Evan Leibu and Michael B. First
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- 2016
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10. A 19-Year-Old Male with Multiple Tics and Attentional Difficulties
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Barbara J. Coffey and Evan Leibu
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tics ,business.industry ,medicine ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
CME Educational Objectives 1. Be able to screen for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with childhood-onset Tourette’s disorder. 2. Understand the clinical manifestations of late adolescent and young adult ADHD comorbid with childhood-onset Tourette’s disorder. 3. Identify appropriate treatment options for adult and late adolescent ADHD when comorbid with Tourette’s disorder. Now a 19-year-old white man, Henry (not his real name) has suffered from multiple tics and attentional difficulties for many years. He originally presented to the clinic when he was 12 years of age, after experiencing attentional and academic decline in his seventh-grade class, in the setting of a recent parental divorce. more...
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- 2013
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11. Safety and Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression in the Presence of Deep Brain Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Wayne K. Goodman, David L. Rosenthal, Amy S. Aloysi, Brian H. Kopell, Evan Leibu, and Charles H. Kellner
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Depressive Disorder ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Deep brain stimulation ,Psychotherapist ,Depression ,business.industry ,Deep Brain Stimulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Obsessive compulsive ,medicine ,Humans ,Electroconvulsive Therapy ,Psychiatry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Published
- 2016
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12. 871. Modulation of the Insula and Somatosensory Cortex by Ondansetron
- Author
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Wayne K. Goodman, James W. Murrough, Katherine E. Burdick, Evan Leibu, Barbara J. Coffey, Rebbia Shahab, Lazar Fleysher, and Emily R. Stern
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Ondansetron ,business.industry ,Modulation ,medicine ,Somatosensory system ,business ,Neuroscience ,Insula ,Biological Psychiatry ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2017
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13. Novel patterns of genome rearrangement and their association with survival in breast cancer
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Michael Wigler, B. Lakshmi, Michael Riggs, Alexander Krasnitz, Gert Auer, Anne Lise Børresen-Dale, Kenny Ye, James W. Hicks, Torsten Hägerström, Joan Alexander, Bjørn Naume, Larry Norton, Ellen Schlicting, Seungtai Yoon, Anders Zetterberg, Susanne Månér, Evan Leibu, Jen Troge, Vladimir Grubor, Lambert Skoog, Pär Lundin, Diane Esposito, and Nicholas Navin more...
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Letter ,Gene Dosage ,Genomics ,Breast Neoplasms ,Biology ,Breast cancer ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Copy-number variation ,Genetics (clinical) ,Survival analysis ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Retrospective Studies ,Gene Rearrangement ,Genome, Human ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Gene Amplification ,Gene rearrangement ,DNA, Neoplasm ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Diploidy ,Survival Analysis ,Gene expression profiling ,Hormonal therapy ,Human genome ,Female - Abstract
Representational Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis (ROMA) detects genomic amplifications and deletions with boundaries defined at a resolution of ∼50 kb. We have used this technique to examine 243 breast tumors from two separate studies for which detailed clinical data were available. The very high resolution of this technology has enabled us to identify three characteristic patterns of genomic copy number variation in diploid tumors and to measure correlations with patient survival. One of these patterns is characterized by multiple closely spaced amplicons, or “firestorms,” limited to single chromosome arms. These multiple amplifications are highly correlated with aggressive disease and poor survival even when the rest of the genome is relatively quiet. Analysis of a selected subset of clinical material suggests that a simple genomic calculation, based on the number and proximity of genomic alterations, correlates with life-table estimates of the probability of overall survival in patients with primary breast cancer. Based on this sample, we generate the working hypothesis that copy number profiling might provide information useful in making clinical decisions, especially regarding the use or not of systemic therapies (hormonal therapy, chemotherapy), in the management of operable primary breast cancer with ostensibly good prognosis, for example, small, node-negative, hormone-receptor-positive diploid cases. more...
- Published
- 2006
14. PROBER: oligonucleotide FISH probe design software
- Author
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James W. Hicks, Anders Zetterberg, Elizabeth Thomas, Susanne Månér, Michael Riggs, Vladimir Grubor, Jennifer Troge, Michael Wigler, Pär Lundin, Nicholas Navin, Evan Leibu, and Jonathan Sebat
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Statistics and Probability ,Sequence analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Oligonucleotide Primer ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Genetics ,Bacterial artificial chromosome ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Base Sequence ,DNA-encoded chemical library ,Oligonucleotide ,Hybridization probe ,Chromosome Mapping ,Equipment Design ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Computer Science Applications ,Computational Mathematics ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Computer-Aided Design ,DNA Probes ,Sequence Alignment ,Algorithms ,Software ,Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Abstract
PROBER is an oligonucleotide primer design software application that designs multiple primer pairs for generating PCR probes useful for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PROBER generates Tiling Oligonucleotide Probes (TOPs) by masking repetitive genomic sequences and delineating essentially unique regions that can be amplified to yield small (100–2000 bp) DNA probes that in aggregate will generate a single, strong fluorescent signal for regions as small as a single gene. TOPs are an alternative to bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that are commonly used for FISH but may be unstable, unavailable, chimeric, or non-specific to small (10–100 kb) genomic regions. PROBER can be applied to any genomic locus, with the limitation that the locus must contain at least 10 kb of essentially unique blocks. To test the software, we designed a number of probes for genomic amplifications and hemizygous deletions that were initially detected by Representational Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis of breast cancer tumors. Availability: Contact: navin@cshl.edu more...
- Published
- 2006
15. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for Catatonia in a Patient With Schizophrenia and Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse
- Author
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Ethan O. Bryson, Daniel P. McGonigle, Amir Garakani, Charles H. Kellner, Daniella Loh, Evan Leibu, and Lauren S. Liebman
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Adult ,Male ,Marijuana Abuse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Catatonia ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Cannabis use ,medicine.disease ,Designer Drugs ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Schizophrenia ,medicine ,Humans ,Cannabinoid ,Electroconvulsive Therapy ,Psychiatry ,business ,Cannabis - Abstract
We present the case of a young man with a long-standing history of schizophrenia who presented with severe and life-threatening catatonia in the setting of synthetic cannabis use who was successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of severe and persistent catatonia in the setting of synthetic cannabis use and the first documented successful treatment. more...
- Published
- 2013
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