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347 results on '"European XFEL GmbH"'

1. Shock Damage Analysis in Serial Femtosecond Crystallography Data Collected at MHz X-ray Free-Electron Lasers

Author

Herbert Zimmermann, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Michele Cascella, Marco Kloos, Mark S. Hunter, Thomas R. M. Barends, Richard Bean, Henry Kirkwood, Thomas Michelat, Robert L. Shoeman, Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz, Johan Bielecki, Romain Letrun, A. Gorel, Guillaume Tetreau, Lutz Foucar, Claudiu A. Stan, Hans Fangohr, Marie Luise Grünbein, Elisabeth Hartmann, M. Hilpert, Ilme Schlichting, Adrian P. Mancuso, R. Bruce Doak, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Max Planck Institute for Medical Research [Heidelberg], SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), and ANR-17-CE11-0018,X-in-vivo,Cristallisation in vivo: une nouvelle stratégie pour étudier la structure et la dynamique des protéines dans les lasers à électrons libres et les synchrotrons.(2017)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Diffraction, Free electron model, Shock wave, MESH: serial femtosecond crystallography, 030103 biophysics, serial femtosecond crystallography, Materials science, shock wave, General Chemical Engineering, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, law, protein crystallography, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, Supersonic speed, Uncategorized, MESH: protein crystallography, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], X-ray, MESH: shock wave, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Crystallography, 030104 developmental biology, X-ray crystallography, Femtosecond, X-ray free-electron laser, lcsh:Crystallography, MESH: X-ray free-electron laser
Abstract

International audience; Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) data were recorded at the European X-ray free-electron laser facility (EuXFEL) with protein microcrystals delivered via a microscopic liquid jet. An XFEL beam striking such a jet may launch supersonic shock waves up the jet, compromising the oncoming sample. To investigate this efficiently, we employed a novel XFEL pulse pattern to nominally expose the sample to between zero and four shock waves before being probed. Analyzing hit rate, indexing rate, and resolution for diffraction data recorded at MHz pulse rates, we found no evidence of damage. Notably, however, this conclusion could only be drawn after careful identification and assimilation of numerous interrelated experimental factors, which we describe in detail. Failure to do so would have led to an erroneous conclusion. Femtosecond photography of the sample-carrying jet revealed critically different jet behavior from that of all homogeneous liquid jets studied to date in this manner.

Published
2020

2. Amplified spontaneous in the extreme ultraviolet by expanding xenon cluster

Author

Benediktovitch, Andrei, Mercadier, Laurent, peyrusse, olivier, Przystawik, A, Laarmann, T, Langbehn, T., Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and peyrusse, olivier

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

3. Effects of orientation, lattice defects and temperature on plasticity and phase transition in ramp-compressed single crystal iron

Author

N. Amadou, A. Dragon, T. de Rességuier, E. Brambrink, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], ENDOmmagement et durabilité ENDO (ENDO), Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux (Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, and Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Phase transition, Materials science, Ramp compression, General Computer Science, Plasticity, Iron, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Nucleation, Twins, General Physics and Astronomy, Dislocations, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], General Materials Science, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Anisotropy, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], MD simulations, Nucleation and growth, Condensed matter physics, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Computational Mathematics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Shock wave, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Dislocation, Deformation (engineering), Microvoid defects, 0210 nano-technology, Crystal twinning, Single crystal
Abstract

International audience; Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to investigate both deformation and bcc-hcp structural phase transition in single crystal iron under ramp compression as function of orientation, initial defects and temperature conditions using the recently developed modified version of the Ackland iron potential. At initial temperature of 50 K, significant anisotropy is observed in the deformation in the form of twinning followed by a hardening-like effect in [0 0 1] direction, elastic deformation in [1 1 1] direction, while [1 1 0] direction exhibits the most outstanding feature characterized by yielding via simultaneous twinning and massive homogeneous nucleation of hcp phase resulting in a metastable phase mixture where dislocations develop. However, after introducing microvoid defects in the initial lattice, plastic deformation is observed in all the three directions. Plasticity is mainly mediated by dislocations activities except for the [0 0 1] direction where dislocations kinetics is found to be very slow and the plasticity remains dominated by twinning. When the initial temperature is increased above 200 K, twinning is no longer observed, while dislocation density and velocity tend to increase. This dependence of elastic-plastic history on loading direction and initial conditions is found to strongly affect subsequent phase transition.

Published
2020

5. Unconscious selection drove seed enlargement in vegetable crops

Author

Benoit Pujol, Thomas Kluyver, Christopher Bennett, Mark Rees, Emily J. Mockford, Glynis Jones, Colin P. Osborne, Michael Charles, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University (JCU)-School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Oxford [Oxford], and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
legume crops, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Letter, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Selective breeding, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Crop, domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Pleiotropy, pleiotropy, unconscious selection, Genetics, Letters, Cereal crops, vegetable crops, Domestication, seed size, selective breeding, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Natural selection, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, Sowing, 15. Life on land, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Biological dispersal, origins of agriculture, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Domesticated grain crops evolved from wild plants under human cultivation, losing natural dispersal mechanisms to become dependent upon humans, and showing changes in a suite of other traits, including increasing seed size. There is tendency for seed enlargement during domestication to be viewed as the result of deliberate selection for large seeds by early farmers. However, like some other domestication traits, large seeds may have evolved through natural selection from the activities of people as they gathered plants from the wild, or brought them into cultivation in anthropogenic settings. Alternatively, larger seeds could have arisen via pleiotropic effects or genetic linkage, without foresight from early farmers, and driven by selection that acted on other organs or favored larger plants. We have separated these unconscious selection effects on seed enlargement from those of deliberate selection, by comparing the wild and domesticated forms of vegetable crops. Vegetables are propagated by planting seeds, cuttings, or tubers, but harvested for their edible leaves, stems, or roots, so that seed size is not a direct determinant of yield. We find that landrace varieties of seven vegetable crops have seeds that are 20% to 2.5-times larger than those of their closest wild relatives. These domestication effect sizes fall completely within the equivalent range of 14% to 15.2-times for grain crops, although domestication had a significantly larger overall effect in grain than vegetable crops. Seed enlargement in vegetable crops that are propagated vegetatively must arise from natural selection for larger seeds on the occasions when plants recruit from seed and are integrated into the crop gene pool, or via a genetic link to selection for larger plants or organs. If similar mechanisms operate across all species, then unconscious selection during domestication could have exerted stronger effects on the seed size of our staple crops than previously realized.

Published
2017

6. Extreme biomimetics: Preservation of molecular detail in centimeter-scale samples of biological meshes laid down by sponges

Author

Friedrich Roth, Olga V. Petrova, Michael Kraft, David Rafaja, Heike Meissner, Teofil Jesioniowski, Marcin Wysokowski, Elke Niederschlag, Olena Volkova, Kurt Kummer, Roberta Galli, Martin Kopáni, Andrei Rogalev, Iaroslav Petrenko, Hermann Ehrlich, Mykhailo Motylenko, S. V. Nekipelov, Erica Brendler, Christian Schimpf, Martin Bertau, Paul Simon, Serguei L. Molodtsov, Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Alexander V. Ereskovsky, V. N. Sivkov, Adam P. Summers, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Yvonne Joseph, Technishe Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TU Bergakademie Freiberg), University of Washington [Seattle], Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (CPfS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Poznan University of Technology (PUT), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus [Dresden, Germany], European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, ITMO University [Russia], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Komi Research Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Syktyvkar State University, Syktywkar State University, Comenius University in Bratislava, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)

Subjects
Materials science, Materials Science, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Biomimetics, Graphite, Nanoscopic scale, Research Articles, Multidisciplinary, biology, Spongin, Tissue Scaffolds, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Nanoporous, Spectrum Analysis, SciAdv r-articles, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Nanoscale Process, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Sponge, Collagen, 0210 nano-technology, Hybrid material, Copper, Research Article
Abstract

We report a strategy for preserving the structural features of collagen triple helix in turbostratic graphite., Fabrication of biomimetic materials and scaffolds is usually a micro- or even nanoscale process; however, most testing and all manufacturing require larger-scale synthesis of nanoscale features. Here, we propose the utilization of naturally prefabricated three-dimensional (3D) spongin scaffolds that preserve molecular detail across centimeter-scale samples. The fine-scale structure of this collagenous resource is stable at temperatures of up to 1200°C and can produce up to 4 × 10–cm–large 3D microfibrous and nanoporous turbostratic graphite. Our findings highlight the fact that this turbostratic graphite is exceptional at preserving the nanostructural features typical for triple-helix collagen. The resulting carbon sponge resembles the shape and unique microarchitecture of the original spongin scaffold. Copper electroplating of the obtained composite leads to a hybrid material with excellent catalytic performance with respect to the reduction of p-nitrophenol in both freshwater and marine environments.

Published
2019

7. Update of the statements on biology and clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Author

Ding-Shinn Chen, Thomas Berg, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Alfredo Marzano, Luca G. Guidotti, Vito Di Marco, Massimo Levrero, Antonio Craxì, Anna Kramvis, Anna S. Lok, Nicola Coppola, Giovanni Raimondo, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Teresa Pollicino, Dieter Glebe, Man-Fung Yuen, Didier Samuel, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Antonio Bertoletti, Daniele Prati, Massimo Puoti, Thomas I. Michalak, Jake Liang, Vincent Soriano, Pietro Lampertico, Raffaele Bruno, Fabien Zoulim, Christian Trepo, Chengyao Li, Camille Sureau, Stephen Locarnini, Giovanni Squadrito, C. Ferrari, Markus Cornberg, Jean-Pierre Allain, Maura Dandri, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Center for Life Nanoscience/IIT@Sapienza [Rome, Italy] (CLNS@SAPIENZA Roma), Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia [Rome, Italy], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Uni, Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Università degli Studi di Pavia, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology (MHH), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Infectious Diseases Dept, University of Naples Federico II, I Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Centre National de Référence Virus des hépatites B, C et Delta, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Department of infectious Diseases, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS), Immunité muqueuse et vaccination, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Raimondo, G, Locarnini, S, Pollicino, T, Levrero, M, Zoulim, F, Lok, A, Allain, J, Berg, T, Bertoletti, A, Brunetto, M, Bruno, R, Chen, D, Coppola, N, Cornberg, M, Craxi, A, Dandri, M, Di Marco, V, Ferrari, C, Gaeta, G, Glebe, D, Guidotti, L, Kramvis, A, Lampertico, P, Li, C, Liang, J, Marzano, A, Michalak, T, Pawlotsky, J, Prati, D, Puoti, M, Samuel, D, Soriano, V, Squadrito, G, Sureau, C, Trepo, C, Yuen, M, Raimondo G., Locarnini S., Pollicino T., Levrero M., Zoulim F., Lok A.S., Allain J.-P., Berg T., Bertoletti A., Brunetto M.R., Bruno R., Chen D.-S., Coppola N., Cornberg M., Craxi A., Dandri M., Di Marco V., Ferrari C., Gaeta G.B., Glebe D., Guidotti L.G., Kramvis A., Lampertico P., Li C., Liang J., Marzano A., Michalak T.I., Pawlotsky J.-M., Prati D., Puoti M., Samuel D., Soriano V., Squadrito G., Sureau C., Trepo C., Yuen M.-F., Raimondo, G., Locarnini, S., Pollicino, T., Levrero, M., Zoulim, F., Lok, A. S., Allain, J. -P., Berg, T., Bertoletti, A., Brunetto, M. R., Bruno, R., Chen, D. -S., Coppola, N., Cornberg, M., Craxi, A., Dandri, M., Di Marco, V., Ferrari, C., Gaeta, G. B., Glebe, D., Guidotti, L. G., Kramvis, A., Lampertico, P., Li, C., Liang, J., Marzano, A., Michalak, T. I., Pawlotsky, J. -M., Prati, D., Puoti, M., Samuel, D., Soriano, V., Squadrito, G., Sureau, C., Trepo, C., and Yuen, M. -F.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Occult HBV infection, Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hbv reactivation, MEDLINE, HBV reactivation, OBI, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, HBV S variant, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Hepatology, HBV cccDNA, Liver Neoplasms, virus diseases, HBV S variants, HBV transmission, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Occult, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, DNA, Viral, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

In October 2018 a large number of international experts with complementary expertise came together in Taormina to participate in a workshop on occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). The objectives of the workshop were to review the existing knowledge on OBI, to identify issues that require further investigation, to highlight both existing controversies and newly emerging perspectives, and ultimately to update the statements previously agreed in 2008. This paper represents the output from the workshop.

Published
2019

8. MHz data collection of a microcrystalline mixture of different jack bean proteins

Author

Gabriela Nass Kovacs, Djelloul Boukhelef, Alexander Kaukher, Sandhya Venkatesan, Astrid Münnich, Michel Sliwa, Nasser Al-Qudami, Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz, Sergey Esenov, Lutz Foucar, A. Gorel, Krzysztof Wrona, Janusz Szuba, Maurizio Manetti, Thomas Kluyver, Marco Cammarata, Jun Zhu, Johan Bielecki, Matthias Scholz, Marc Messerschmidt, Richard Bean, Gianpietro Previtali, Thomas Michelat, Sandor Brockhauser, Natascha Raab, M. Hilpert, Thomas R. M. Barends, Alessandro Silenzi, Katerina Dörner, Moritz Emons, Yoonhee Kim, Grant Mills, C.M. Roome, Luis Maia, Max Lederer, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Wajid Ehsan, Steffen Hauf, Britta Weinhausen, Marco Ramilli, Marco Kloos, Elisabeth Hartmann, Romain Letrun, Claudiu A. Stan, Florent Pallas, Marie Luise Grünbein, R. Bruce Doak, Martin Weik, Lars Fröhlich, M. Stricker, Robert L. Shoeman, Guido Palmer, Tokushi Sato, Hans Fangohr, Ilme Schlichting, Adrian P. Mancuso, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research [Heidelberg], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), TOPTICA Photonics AG, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique (IMEP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NINGBO UNIVERSITY, Ningbo University (NBU), Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, ANR-17-CE11-0018-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, European XFEL, ANR Grant, European XFEL - travel funding provided by the International Synchrotron Access Program (ISAP) managed by the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO, and funded by the Australian Government, ANR Grant (BioXFEL) CEA, CNRS, Universit&amp, x00E9, Grenoble Alpes, startup funds from Rutgers University Newark, ANR-17-CE11-0018,X-in-vivo,Cristallisation in vivo: une nouvelle stratégie pour étudier la structure et la dynamique des protéines dans les lasers à électrons libres et les synchrotrons.(2017), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Library and Information Sciences, Crystallography, X-Ray, 01 natural sciences, Education, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, law, Concanavalin A, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Plant Proteins, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 0303 health sciences, Data collection, business.industry, Nanocrystallography, Detector, Proteins, Frame rate, Laser, Sample (graphics), Urease, Computer Science Applications, Data set, Microcrystalline, Femtosecond, Enzyme mechanisms, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, business, Crystallization, Information Systems
Abstract

Scientific data 6(1), 18 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0010-0, We provide a detailed description of a serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) dataset collected at the European X-ray free-electron laser facility (EuXFEL). The EuXFEL is the first high repetition rate XFEL delivering MHz X-ray pulse trains at 10 Hz. The short spacing (, Published by Nature Publ. Group, London

Published
2019

9. Proposal for a micromagnetic standard problem for materials with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

Author

Gary Downing, David Cortés-Ortuño, Hans Fangohr, Ondrej Hovorka, Marijan Beg, Thorsten Hesjedal, Ryan Pepper, Tom Lancaster, Thomas Kluyver, Leoni Breth, Peter D. Hatton, Riccardo Hertel, Vanessa Nehruji, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Magnetization, Spin wave, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Statistical physics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spin-½, Physics, Crystallographic point group, Spintronics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Skyrmion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Ferromagnetism, Computational problem, 0210 nano-technology, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract

Understanding the role of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) for the formation of helimagnetic order, as well as the emergence of skyrmions in magnetic systems that lack inversion symmetry, has found increasing interest due to the significant potential for novel spin based technologies. Candidate materials to host skyrmions include those belonging to the B20 group such as FeGe, known for stabilising Bloch-like skyrmions, interfacial systems such as cobalt multilayers or Pd/Fe bilayers on top of Ir(111), known for stabilising Néel-like skyrmions, and, recently, alloys with a crystallographic symmetry where anti-skyrmions are stabilised. Micromagnetic simulations have become a standard approach to aid the design and optimisation of spintronic and magnetic nanodevices and are also applied to the modelling of device applications which make use of skyrmions. Several public domain micromagnetic simulation packages such as OOMMF, MuMax3 and Fidimag already offer implementations of different DMI terms. It is therefore highly desirable to propose a so-called micromagnetic standard problem that would allow one to benchmark and test the different software packages in a similar way as is done for ferromagnetic materials without the DMI. Here, we provide a sequence of well-defined and increasingly complex computational problems for magnetic materials with DMI. Our test problems include 1D, 2D and 3D domains, spin wave dynamics in the presence of DMI, and validation of the analytical and numerical solutions including uniform magnetisation, edge tilting, spin waves and skyrmion formation. This set of problems can be used by developers and users of new micromagnetic simulation codes for testing and validation and hence establishing scientific credibility.

Published
2018

10. Numerical Analysis of Antiphase Domain Boundaries in a FeAl Alloy Using X-Ray Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

Author

Wei Lu, Jörg Hallmann, Chan Kim, Ulrike Boesenberg, Anders Madsen, Virginie Chamard, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Numerical analysis, Alloy, X-ray, FEAL, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Domain (software engineering), 0103 physical sciences, engineering, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

11. Megahertz Data Collection from Protein Microcrystals at an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Florent Pallas, Alexander Kaukher, Martin Weik, Richard Bean, Thomas Michelat, Nasser Al-Qudami, Natascha Raab, Guido Palmer, Yoonhee Kim, Grant Mills, M. Hilpert, Gianpietro Previtali, M. Stricker, Lars Fröhlich, Claudiu A. Stan, Tokushi Sato, Maurizio Manetti, Sergey Esenov, Gabriela Nass Kovacs, Thomas R. M. Barends, Katerina Dörner, Matthias Scholz, Marie Luise Grünbein, Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz, Elisabeth Hartmann, Steffen Hauf, Robert L. Shoeman, A. Gorel, Britta Weinhausen, Janusz Szuba, Thomas Kluyver, Alessandro Silenzi, Astrid Münnich, Michel Sliwa, Djelloul Boukhelef, Marc Messerschmidt, Krzysztof Wrona, Sandhya Venkatesan, Moritz Emons, C.M. Roome, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Wajid Ehsan, Marco Kloos, Marco Cammarata, Jun Zhu, Lutz Foucar, Luis Maia, Max Lederer, Hans Fangohr, Marco Ramilli, Johan Bielecki, Ilme Schlichting, Sandor Brockhauser, Adrian P. Mancuso, Romain Letrun, R. Bruce Doak, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research [Heidelberg], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and ANR-17-CE11-0018,X-in-vivo,Cristallisation in vivo: une nouvelle stratégie pour étudier la structure et la dynamique des protéines dans les lasers à électrons libres et les synchrotrons.(2017)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Shock wave, Materials science, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, law, lcsh:Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Femtosecond pulse, business.industry, Free-electron laser, X-ray, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Pulse (physics), 030104 developmental biology, Femtosecond, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Nature Communications 9(1), 3487 (2018). doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05953-4, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable novel experiments because of their high peak brilliance and femtosecond pulse duration. However, non-superconducting XFELs offer repetition rates of only 10–120 Hz, placing significant demands on beam time and sample consumption. We describe serial femtosecond crystallography experiments performed at the European XFEL, the first MHz repetition rate XFEL, delivering 1.128 MHz X-ray pulse trains at 10 Hz. Given the short spacing between pulses, damage caused by shock waves launched by one XFEL pulse on sample probed by subsequent pulses is a concern. To investigate this issue, we collected data from lysozyme microcrystals, exposed to a ~15 μm XFEL beam. Under these conditions, data quality is independent of whether the first or subsequent pulses of the train were used for data collection. We also analyzed a mixture of microcrystals of jack bean proteins, from which the structure of native, magnesium-containing concanavalin A was determined., Published by Springer Nature, London

Published
2018

12. Characterising the illumination function for Bragg ptychography microscopy

Author

Li, Peng, Allain, Marc, Kim, Chan, Madsen, Anders, Chamard, Virginie, Ferrand, Patrick, Deciphering biomineralization mechanisms through 3D explorations of mesoscale crystalline structure in calcareous biomaterials - 3D-BioMat - - H20202017-03-01 - 2022-02-28 - 724881 - VALID, Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, European Project: 724881,H2020,3D-BioMat(2017), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

13. Dynamic fracture of tantalum under extreme tensile stress

Author

Haruhiko Ohashi, Takahisa Koyama, Tommaso Vinci, Michel Koenig, Takeshi Matsuoka, Satoshi Matsuyama, Kenjiro Takahashi, A. Faenov, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Guillaume Morard, Tatiana Pikuz, Kensuke Tono, Yuhei Umeda, Yasuhisa Sano, Norimasa Ozaki, Yoshinori Tange, Yusuke Seto, Makina Yabashi, Hirokatsu Yumoto, Bruno Albertazzi, Toshimori Sekine, T. Ishikawa, Osami Sakata, Takuo Okuchi, D. K. Ilnitsky, Tadashi Togashi, N. J. Hartley, Yuichi Inubushi, K. P. Migdal, Hideaki Habara, Tomoko Sato, Nail Inogamov, Vasily Zhakhovsky, Marion Harmand, Narangoo Purevjav, Ryosuke Kodama, Tetsuo Katayama, Kazuto Yamauchi, Andrew Krygier, Kazuo Tanaka, Emma McBride, Graduate School of Engineering Science [Toyonaka, Osaka], Osaka University, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Osaka University [Osaka], Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Okayama University, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Hiroshima University, Kobe University, Institute of laser Engineering, ANR-12-PDOC-0011,IronFEL,Le fer et ses alliages sous conditions extrèmes et sondés par diagnostiques X sur les installations FEL et lasers intenses(2012), and Graduate School of Engineering Science [Osaka]

Subjects
Shock wave, Diffraction, Dynamic fracture, Laser, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Spallation, 010306 general physics, Research Articles, Applied Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, XFEL, SciAdv r-articles, Strain rate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computational physics, spallation, Atomic scale, Femtosecond, 0210 nano-technology, Ultrashort pulse, Research Article
Abstract

The dynamic fracture of tantalum is observed at the atomic scale using an x-ray monitoring technique at the SACLA XFEL facility., The understanding of fracture phenomena of a material at extremely high strain rates is a key issue for a wide variety of scientific research ranging from applied science and technological developments to fundamental science such as laser-matter interaction and geology. Despite its interest, its study relies on a fine multiscale description, in between the atomic scale and macroscopic processes, so far only achievable by large-scale atomic simulations. Direct ultrafast real-time monitoring of dynamic fracture (spallation) at the atomic lattice scale with picosecond time resolution was beyond the reach of experimental techniques. We show that the coupling between a high-power optical laser pump pulse and a femtosecond x-ray probe pulse generated by an x-ray free electron laser allows detection of the lattice dynamics in a tantalum foil at an ultrahigh strain rate of ε. ~2 × 108 to 3.5 × 108 s−1. A maximal density drop of 8 to 10%, associated with the onset of spallation at a spall strength of ~17 GPa, was directly measured using x-ray diffraction. The experimental results of density evolution agree well with large-scale atomistic simulations of shock wave propagation and fracture of the sample. Our experimental technique opens a new pathway to the investigation of ultrahigh strain-rate phenomena in materials at the atomic scale, including high-speed crack dynamics and stress-induced solid-solid phase transitions.

Published
2017

14. Chirped pulse amplification in an extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser

Author

P. A. Walker, Miltcho B. Danailov, Primož Rebernik Ribič, Sebastian Schulz, Cristian Svetina, David Gauthier, Carlo Callegari, Bruno Diviacco, Philippe Zeitoun, Marta Fajardo, Marcello Coreno, Nicola Mahne, Benoît Mahieu, Robert Richter, Tommaso Mazza, Hugo Dacasa, Alexander Demidovich, Eugenio Ferrari, Mauro Trovò, S. Künzel, Eléonore Roussel, Paolo Miotti, Giuseppe Penco, Simone Di Mitri, Lorenzo Raimondi, Michael Meyer, Giovanni De Ninno, Enrico Allaria, David Garzella, L. Sturari, Luca Giannessi, Marco Zangrando, Paola Finetti, Vincent Leroux, Fabio Frassetto, Ivan Cudin, Luca Poletto, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Inst Photon & Nanotechnol, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Univ Hambourg, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Univ Hamburg, dept Phys, ELI Beamlines, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD), CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, LabEx PALM RAMSES project - COST MP 1203, Triangle de la physique, European Union - 654148, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia - IF/01122/2013, BMBF - 05K13GU5, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)

Subjects
Chirped pulse amplification, Femtosecond pulse shaping, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, law.invention, 010309 optics, COHERENT, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, PROPOSAL, Ultrafast photonics, law, Free-electron lasers, 0103 physical sciences, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, FEL, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Water window, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Chemistry (all), Free-electron laser, General Chemistry, Laser, Femtosecond, RADIATION, COMPRESSION, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

Chirped pulse amplification in optical lasers is a revolutionary technique, which allows the generation of extremely powerful femtosecond pulses in the infrared and visible spectral ranges. Such pulses are nowadays an indispensable tool for a myriad of applications, both in fundamental and applied research. In recent years, a strong need emerged for light sources producing ultra-short and intense laser-like X-ray pulses, to be used for experiments in a variety of disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to biology and material sciences. This demand was satisfied by the advent of short-wavelength free-electron lasers. However, for any given free-electron laser setup, a limit presently exists in the generation of ultra-short pulses carrying substantial energy. Here we present the experimental implementation of chirped pulse amplification on a seeded free-electron laser in the extreme-ultraviolet, paving the way to the generation of fully coherent sub-femtosecond gigawatt pulses in the water window (2.3–4.4 nm)., Short laser pulses of femtosecond time scales are in high demand in order to explore the fast electron dynamics in light-matter interactions. Here, the authors demonstrated the compression of free electron laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range by using a chirped pulse amplification technique.

Published
2016

15. Density and temperature characterization of long-scale length, near-critical density controlled plasma produced from ultra-low density plastic foam

Author

M. Starodubstev, C. Rousseaux, M. Nakatsutsumi, Wigen Nazarov, Francesco Filippi, Sophia Chen, Hideaki Habara, P. Antici, S. D. Baton, Julien Fuchs, Kazuki Morita, T. Iwawaki, Kazuo Tanaka, Philippe Nicolai, Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osaka University [Osaka], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of St Andrews [Scotland], DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry, and University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Multidisciplinary, NDAS, Plasma, QD Chemistry, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Characterization (materials science), law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, QD, Tube (fluid conveyance), Millimeter, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Polyimide
Abstract

This work was supported by Grant No. E1127 from Région Ile de France, the LABEX Plas@Par project, the Grant No. 11‐IDEX‐0004‐02 from Agence Nationale de la Recherche, and Grant No. 001528 from LaserLab-Europe. This work was also supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scietific Res (S) (Grant No. 15H05751) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This work was also supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under Contract No. 14.Z50.31.0007. The ability to produce long-scale length (i.e. millimeter scale-length), homogeneous plasmas is of interest in studying a wide range of fundamental plasma processes. We present here a validated experimental platform to create and diagnose uniform plasmas with a density close or above the critical density. The target consists of a polyimide tube filled with an ultra low-density plastic foam where it was heated by x-rays, produced by a long pulse laser irradiating a copper foil placed at one end of the tube. The density and temperature of the ionized foam was retrieved by using x-ray radiography and proton radiography was used to verify the uniformity of the plasma. Plasma temperatures of 5-10 eV and densities around 1021 cm-3 are measured. This well-characterized platform of uniform density and temperature plasma is of interest for experiments using large-scale laser platforms conducting High Energy Density Physics investigations. Publisher PDF

Published
2016
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16. Buffered high charge spectrally-peaked proton beams in the relativistic-transparency regime

Author

Dover, N.P., Palmer, C.A.J., Streeter, M. J.V., Ahmed, H., Albertazzi, Bruno, Borghesi, M., Carroll, D.C., Fuchs, J., Heathcote, R., Hilz, P., Kakolee, K.F., Kar, S., Kodama, R, Kon, A., Maclellan, D.A., Mckenna, P., Nagel, S.R., Neely, D, Notley, M.M., Nakatsutsumi, M, Prasad, R., Scott, G., Tampo, M., Zepf, M., Schreiber, J., Najmudin, Z, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jagannath University [Bangladesh], Osaka University [Osaka], European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, and Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], laser-plasma interaction, 02 Physical Sciences, proton acceleration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Fluids & Plasmas, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics and Astronomy(all), laser–plasma interaction, ion acceleration, laser ion source, QC
Abstract

Spectrally-peaked proton beams of high charge (Ep ≈ 8 MeV, ΔE ≈ 4 MeV, N ≈ 50 nC ) have been observed from the interaction of an intense laser (>1019Wcm-2) with ultrathinCHfoils, as measured by spectrally-resolved full beam profiles. These beams are reproducibly generated for foil thicknesses 5-100 nm, and exhibit narrowing divergence with decreasing target thickness down to ≈8° for 5 nm. Simulations demonstrate that the narrow energy spread feature is a result of buffered acceleration of protons. The radiation pressure at the front of the target results in asymmetric sheath fields which permeate throughout the target, causing preferential forward acceleration. Due to their higher chargeto-mass ratio, the protons outrun a carbon plasma driven in the relativistic transparency regime.

Published
2016

17. Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

Author

Bhrigu Ahuja, Thomas H.J. Vaneker, Giovanni Moroni, Mary Kathryn Thompson, Patricia Graf, Georges M. Fadel, Filomeno Martina, R. Ian Campbell, Alain Bernard, Ian Gibson, Joachim Schulz, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), University of Twente [Netherlands], CEDAR, Clemson University, Loughborough University, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), School of Engineering - Cranfield University, and Cranfield University

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, Design, business.industry, Design for additive manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering, Additive Manufacturing, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 22/4 OA procedure, Manufacturing engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Manufacturing, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Genetic algorithm, Key (cryptography), Advanced manufacturing, Production (economics), 0210 nano-technology, Engineering design process, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The past few decades have seen substantial growth in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, this growth has mainly been process-driven. The evolution of engineering design to take advantage of the possibilities afforded by AM and to manage the constraints associated with the technology has lagged behind. This paper presents the major opportunities, constraints, and economic considerations for Design for Additive Manufacturing. It explores issues related to design and redesign for direct and indirect AM production. It also highlights key industrial applications, outlines future challenges, and identifies promising directions for research and the exploitation of AM's full potential in industry.

Published
2016

18. The subtilisin-like protease SBT3 contributes to insect resistance in tomato

Author

Andreas Schaller, Michael Meyer, Jérôme Pelloux, Annick Stintzi, Corinne Pau-Roblot, Jasper Stroeder, Susanne Procopio, Franziska Huttenlocher, Michelle Lequart-Pillon, Anna Cedzich, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, and University of Hohenheim

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Proteases, wound signaling, animal structures, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Genetically modified crops, pectin methylesterase, 01 natural sciences, Subtilase, Manduca sexta, 03 medical and health sciences, Solanum lycopersicum, Manduca, Gene expression, Plant defense against herbivory, Extracellular, proteinase inhibitor, Animals, Herbivory, Subtilisins, Plant Proteins, biology, integumentary system, systemin, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, fungi, food and beverages, Systemin, biology.organism_classification, Plants, Genetically Modified, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, subtilase, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Paper, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract

Highlight The subtilisin-like protease SBT3 is induced as part of the wound response in tomato plants and contributes to defense against the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta., Subtilisin-like proteases (SBTs) constitute a large family of extracellular plant proteases, the function of which is still largely unknown. In tomato plants, the expression of SBT3 was found to be induced in response to wounding and insect attack in injured leaves but not in healthy systemic tissues. The time course of SBT3 induction resembled that of proteinase inhibitor II and other late wound response genes suggesting a role for SBT3 in herbivore defense. Consistent with such a role, larvae of the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta performed better on transgenic plants silenced for SBT3 expression (SBT3-SI). Supporting a contribution of SBT3 to systemic wound signaling, systemic induction of late wound response genes was attenuated in SBT3-SI plants. The partial loss of insect resistance may thus be explained by a reduction in systemic defense gene expression. Alternatively, SBT3 may play a post-ingestive role in plant defense. Similar to other anti-nutritive proteins, SBT3 was found to be stable and active in the insect’s digestive system, where it may act on unidentified proteins of insect or plant origin. Finally, a reduction in the level of pectin methylesterification that was observed in transgenic plants with altered levels of SBT3 expression suggested an involvement of SBT3 in the regulation of pectin methylesterases (PMEs). While such a role has been described in other systems, PME activity and the degree of pectin methylesterification did not correlate with the level of insect resistance in SBT3-SI and SBT3 overexpressing plants and are thus unrelated to the observed resistance phenotype.

Published
2016

19. First Experience with the Standard Diagnostics at the European XFEL Injector

Author

Lipka, Dirk, Affeldt, Alfred, Awwad, Raid, Baboi, Nicoleta, Baldinger, Raphael, Barret, Regina, Beutner, Bolko, Brinker, Frank, Decking, Winfried, Delfs, Annette, Ditter, Robin, Drewitsch, Martin, Frank, Olga, Gerth, Christopher, Gharibyan, Vahagn, Hensler, Olaf, Hoeptner, Michael, Holz, Maximilian, Ignatenko, Alexandr, Kaukher, Alexander, Keil, Boris, Knaack, Klaus, Koprek, Waldemar, Kramert, Reinhold, Krivan, Frantisek, Krouptchenkov, Igor, Kruse, Juergen, Kube, Gero, Lemcke, Bjoern, Lensch, Timmy, Liebing, Juergen, Limberg, Torsten, Lorbeer, Bastian, Lund-Nielsen, Jorgen, Marinkovic, Goran, Meykopff, Sascha, Michalek, Bastian, Napoly, Olivier, Neugebauer, Joerg, Neumann, Reinhard, Neumann, Rudolf, Nölle, Dirk, Pelzer, Maike, Petrosyan, Gevorg, Pisarov, Zlatan, Pototzki, Philip, Priebe, Gunnar, Rehlich, Kay, Renner, Dennis, Roggli, Markus, Rybnikov, Vladimir, Schlesselmann, Gerhard, Schmidt-Föhre, Frank, Scholz, Matthias, Shi, Liangliang, Simon, Claire, Smirnov, Petr, Sokolinski, Holger, Stadler, Markus, Stechmann, Christoph, Steckel, Matthias, Susen, Rainer, Tiessen, Henrik, Treyer, Daniel, Vilcins, Silke, Wamsat, Thomas, Wentowski, Norbert, Werner, Matthias, Wiebers, Christian, Wilgen, Josef, Wittenburg, Kay, Zahn, Rolf, Ziegler, Anke, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), and European XFEL GmbH

Subjects
electron, operation, gun, electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Overview and Commissioning, diagnostics, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The injector of the European XFEL is in operation since December 2015. It includes, beside the gun and the accelerating section, containing 1.3 and a 3.9 GHz accelerating module, a variety of standard diagnostics systems specially designed for this facility. With very few exceptions, all types of diagnostics systems are installed in the injector. Therefore the operation of the injector is served to validate and prove the diagnostics characteristics for the complete European XFEL. Most of the standard diagnostics has been available for the start of beam operation and showed the evidence of first beam along the beam line. In the following months the diagnostics has been optimized and used for improvements of beam quality. First operational experiences and results from the standard beam diagnostics in the injector of the European XFEL will be reported in this contribution., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2016, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2016

20. Virtual network functions orchestration in wireless networks

Author

Tinku Rasheed, Slawomir Kuklinski, Abbas Bradai, Roberto Riggio, Toufik Ahmed, Julius Schulz-Zander, Center for REsearch And Telecommunication Experimentation for NETworked communities (CREATE-NET), SIC (XLIM-SIC), Université de Poitiers-XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Orange Labs, LSR - COMET, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)

Subjects
020203 distributed computing, Radio access network, business.industry, Computer science, Wireless network, Distributed computing, Packet processing, Temporal isolation among virtual machines, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Virtualization, computer.software_genre, Virtualisation, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Wireless Cellular Networks, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radio resource management, business, computer, Virtual network, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is emerging as one of the most innovative concepts in the networking landscape. By migrating network functions from dedicated mid-dleboxes to general purpose computing platforms, NFV can effectively reduce the cost to deploy and to operate large networks. However, in order to achieve its full potential, NFV needs to encompass also the radio access network allowing Mobile Virtual Network Operators to deploy custom resource allocation solutions within their virtual radio nodes. Such requirement raises several challenges in terms of performance isolation and resource provisioning. In this work we formalize the Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement problem for radio access networks as an integer linear programming problem and we propose a VNF placement heuristic. Moreover, we also present a proof–of–concept implementation of an NFV management and orchestration framework for Enterprise WLANs. The proposed architecture builds upon a programmable network fabric where pure forwarding nodes are mixed with radio and packet processing nodes leveraging on general computing platforms.

Published
2015

21. Virtual Network Function Orchestration with Scylla

Author

Schulz-ZanderJulius, BradaiAbbas, RiggioRoberto, Center for REsearch And Telecommunication Experimentation for NETworked communities (CREATE-NET), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Systèmes et Réseaux Intelligents (XLIM-SRI), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers

Subjects
Network Functions Virtualization, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Distributed computing, media_common.quotation_subject, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Application lifecycle management, Software, Enterprise private network, Orchestration (computing), business, Function (engineering), Virtual network, License, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Computer network
Abstract

Network Function Virtualization promises to reduce the cost to deploy and to operate large networks by migrating various network functions from dedicated hardware appliances to software instances running on general purpose networking and computing platforms. In this paper we demonstrate Scylla a Programmable Network Fabric architecture for Enterprise WLANs. The framework supports basic Virtual Network Function lifecycle management functionalities such as instantiation, monitoring, and migration. We release the entire platform under a permissive license for academic use.

Published
2015

22. Soft x-ray free-electron laser induced damage to inorganic scintillators

Author

Joachim Schulz, Marion Harmand, Stefan Moeller, Shafagh Dastjani Farahani, J. Wild, Kai Tiedtke, L. Vysin, Karel Saskl, R.A. Loch, Sven Toleikis, Věra Hájková, Saša Bajt, Ryszard Sobierajski, Harald Sinn, Tomáš Burian, Germano Galasso, Jacek Krzywinski, Marek Jurek, Nicola Coppola, Jaromír Chalupský, Libor Juha, Pavel Boháček, Henry N. Chapman, Thomas Tschentscher, Pavol Sovák, C. Ozkan, Mitsuru Nagasono, Jérôme Gaudin, Martin Přeček, Institute of Physics [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Department of Physics [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mechanik und Mechatronik, Technische Universität Wien, RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), nstitute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Institute of Physics, P. J. Šafárik University, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Pulsed laser deposition, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Radiation resistance, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Yttrium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, ddc:620, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; An irreversible response of inorganic scintillators to intense soft x-ray laser radiation was investigated at the FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) facility. Three ionic crystals, namely, Ce:YAG (cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), PbWO4 (lead tungstate), and ZnO (zinc oxide), were exposed to single 4.6 nm ultra-short laser pulses of variable pulse energy (up to 12 μJ) under normal incidence conditions with tight focus. Damaged areas produced with various levels of pulse fluences, were analyzed on the surface of irradiated samples using differential interference contrast (DIC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effective beam area of 22.2 ± 2.2 μm2 was determined by means of the ablation imprints method with the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA. Applied to the three inorganic materials, this procedure gave almost the same values of an effective area. The single-shot damage threshold fluence was determined for each of these inorganic materials. The Ce:YAG sample seems to be the most radiation resistant under the given irradiation conditions, its damage threshold was determined to be as high as 660.8 ± 71.2 mJ/cm2. Contrary to that, the PbWO4 sample exhibited the lowest radiation resistance with a threshold fluence of 62.6 ± 11.9 mJ/cm2. The threshold for ZnO was found to be 167.8 ± 30.8 mJ/cm2. Both interaction and material characteristics responsible for the damage threshold difference are discussed in the article.

Published
2015

23. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

Author

C. Fourment, Norimasa Ozaki, Jérôme Gaudin, Marion Harmand, Bob Nagler, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Fabien Dorchies, Guillaume Morard, A. Denoeud, Yiping Feng, J. Bouchet, Stephane Mazevet, Kohei Miyanishi, Diling Zhu, R. Musella, Sven Toleikis, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, François Guyot, Ulf Zastrau, H. J. Lee, V. Recoules, Eric Galtier, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, affiliation inconnue, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], ANR-12-PDOC-0011,IronFEL,Le fer et ses alliages sous conditions extrèmes et sondés par diagnostiques X sur les installations FEL et lasers intenses(2012), ANR-12-BS04-0015,PlanetLab,Propriètés des planètes et des exoplanètes en laboratoire(2012), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Materials science, Free-electron laser, Diamond, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

International audience; Taking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot.

Published
2015

24. Time evolution of electron structure in femtosecond heated warm dense molybdenum

Author

J. Bouchet, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, B. I. Cho, Marion Harmand, Fabien Dorchies, K. Engelhorn, Hae Ja Lee, Thomas Tschentscher, C. Ozkan, V. Recoules, Jérôme Gaudin, Bob Nagler, Michael Störmer, Sven Toleikis, C. Fourment, Eric Galtier, P. M. Leguay, Philip Heimann, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Materials science, Ab initio, Time evolution, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Molybdenum, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, ddc:530, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The time evolution of the electron structure is investigated in a molybdenum foil heated up to the warm dense matter regime by a femtosecond laser pulse, through time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Spectra are measured with independent characterizations of temperature and density. They are successfully compared with ab initio quantum molecular dynamic calculations. We demonstrate that the observed white line in the L-3 edge reveals the time evolution of the electron density of state from the solid to the hot (a few eV) and expanding liquid. The data indicate a highly nonequilibrated state, 5 ps after heating.

Published
2015

25. Control of the Polarization of a Vacuum-Ultraviolet, High-Gain, Free-Electron Laser

Author

Joern Seltmann, Jens Buck, Miltcho B. Danailov, Cesare Grazioli, Jens Viefhaus, David Gauthier, W. M. Fawley, P. Rebernik, Eugenio Ferrari, Giuseppe Penco, P. Gessler, Luca Giannessi, Marco Zangrando, Simone Di Mitri, Guillaume Lambert, Paola Finetti, Oksana Plekan, Giovanni De Ninno, Antti Kivimäki, Alberto De Fanis, Enrico Allaria, Michael Meyer, Bruno Diviacco, Flavio Capotondi, Stefan Moeller, Philippe Zeitoun, Markus Ilchen, Jan Lüning, Frank Scholz, Alexander Demidovich, André Knie, Lorenzo Raimondi, Boris Vodungbo, Nicola Mahne, Jan Grünert, Mauro Trovò, Julien Gautier, Tommaso Mazza, Barbara Ressel, Benoît Mahieu, Emanuele Pedersoli, A. Abrami, Ivaylo Nikolov, Cristian Svetina, Carlo Callegari, Marcello Coreno, Leif Glaser, Carlo Spezzani, Sincrotrone Trieste, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratorio TASC, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), School of Applied Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC (EA 3189) (LASA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Synchrotron ELETTRA, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Infectious Diseases, Ospedali Galliera, EDF (EDF), CNR-IMIP, CNR-IOM, Institute for Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, German Weather Service, European XFEL GmbH, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, NEST-INFM (INFM), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche [Modena], Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council (MRC)-School of Medicine [Cardiff], Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff]-Cardiff University-Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff]-Cardiff University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille ( CRCM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Institute for Nuclear Physics ( INFN ), Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC (EA 3189) ( LASA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée ( LOA ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali ( IOM ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste, EDF ( EDF ), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] ( CMRR ), NEST-INFM ( INFM ), Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement ( LCPMR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] ( ENEA ), Giannessi, L., Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Laboratorio TASC (IOM CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, European XFEL Gmbh, Stanford Pulse Institute, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Nanotechnology, Instituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Allaria, Enrico, Diviacco, Bruno, Callegari, Carlo, Finetti, Paola, Mahieu, Benoît, Viefhaus, Jen, Zangrando, Marco, DE NINNO, Giovanni, Lambert, Guillaume, Ferrari, Eugenio, Buck, Jen, Ilchen, Marku, Vodungbo, Bori, Mahne, Nicola, Svetina, Cristian, Spezzani, Carlo, Di Mitri, Simone, Penco, Giuseppe, Trovò, Mauro, Fawley, William M., Rebernik, Primoz R., Gauthier, David, Grazioli, Cesare, Coreno, Marcello, Ressel, Barbara, Kivimäki, Antti, Mazza, Tommaso, Glaser, Leif, Scholz, Frank, Seltmann, Joern, Gessler, Patrick, Grünert, Jan, De Fanis, Alberto, Meyer, Michael, Knie, André, Moeller, Stefan P., Raimondi, Lorenzo, Capotondi, Flavio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Plekan, Oksana, Danailov, Miltcho B., Demidovich, Alexander, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Abrami, Alessandro, Gautier, Julien, Lüning, Jan, Zeitoun, Philippe, Giannessi, Luca, Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut Paoli-Calmettes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC ( LASA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Particles and field, QC1-999, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, Radiation, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], ddc:530, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Photonics, Particles and fields, Interdisciplinary physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Interdisciplinary physic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Free-electron laser, Photonic, Polarimeter, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Polarization (waves), Laser, Wavelength, business, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

International audience; The two single-pass, externally seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) of the FERMI user facility are designed around Apple-II-type undulators that can operate at arbitrary polarization in the vacuum ultraviolet-to-soft x-ray spectral range. Furthermore, within each FEL tuning range, any output wavelength and polarization can be set in less than a minute of routine operations. We report the first demonstration of the full output polarization capabilities of FERMI FEL-1 in a campaign of experiments where the wavelength and nominal polarization are set to a series of representative values, and the polarization of the emitted intense pulses is thoroughly characterized by three independent instruments and methods, expressly developed for the task. The measured radiation polarization is consistently >90% and is not significantly spoiled by the transport optics; differing, relative transport losses for horizontal and vertical polarization become more prominent at longer wavelengths and lead to a non-negligible ellipticity for an originally circularly polarized state. The results from the different polarimeter setups validate each other, allow a cross-calibration of the instruments, and constitute a benchmark for user experiments.

Published
2014

26. Coherent X-ray scattering and speckle pattern of solid-supported multilayers of surfactant bilayers

Author

Guillaume Brotons, Anders Madsen, Tim Salditt, Doru Constantin, Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), and European XFEL GmbH

Subjects
4230Ms, Materials science, Plane of incidence, Thermal fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Speckle pattern, Optics, Speckle, Pulmonary surfactant, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Coherent X-ray scattering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 8270Uv Keywords: Coherent X-ray scattering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Scattering, business.industry, 42.30.Ms 61.10.Kw 68.65.Ac 82.70.Uv, 6865Ac, X-ray, 6110Kw, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Surfactant lamellar, Membrane, Diffuse scattering, 0210 nano-technology, business, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

International audience; Charged surfactant bilayers deposited in thick multilayer films and swollen in vapor or in solution have been studied by coherent X-ray scattering. We report a pronounced static speckle pattern which persists under conditions of full hydration, despite the fact that the bilayers are fluid, relatively soft, and consisting of soluble amphiphiles (DDABr). Characteristic of the macroscopic domains size, the speckle pattern is observed in the plane of incidence (rocking curves). Contrarily, out-of-plane scans, which probe smaller lateral distances along the multilayer, exhibit a smooth diffuse scattering curve characteristic of thermal fluctuations of membranes. r Many phospholipids and synthetic surfactant bilayers spontaneously form lamellar phases in water. These stacks with a microstructure characteristic of smectic-A lyotropic liquid crystals are model systems for studying structure, interactions, and elasticity of membranes, which are of intense interest in soft matter and biophysical research. One central issue here is the role of thermal fluctuations, and more generally of collective motions in fluid membrane assemblies. In the past, X-ray scattering has been used extensively to study the collective motions such as bilayer undulations, assuming that the diffuse scattering around the lamellar Bragg peaks (on the diffuse sheets) reflects thermal diffuse scattering. Here, we use coherent reflectivity [1] as a sensitive test to see whether the diffuse scattering measured in a given range of wave vectors can fully be understood in terms of fluctuating membranes. For the scattering experiments on membrane multilayers, we have recently presented a new approach [2] illustrated in Fig. 1, which combines ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/physb 0921-4526/$-see front matter r

Published
2005

27. Plasma devices for focusing extreme light pulses

Author

X. Q. Yan, Wigen Nazarov, Julien Fuchs, Arkady Gonoskov, A. M. Sergeev, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Fabien Quéré, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, High Energy Laser Materials Laboratory, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique à Haute Intensité (PHI), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology (SKL-NPT), and Peking University [Beijing]

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Radiation, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, Laser intensity, 0103 physical sciences, Peak intensity, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

International audience; Since the inception of the laser, there has been a constant push toward increasing the laser peak intensity, as this has lead to opening the exploration of new territories, and the production of compact sources of particles and radiation with unprecedented characteristics. However, increasing the peak laser intensity is usually performed by enhancing the produced laser properties, either by lowering its duration or increasing its energy, which involves a great level of complexity for the laser chain, or comes at great cost. Focusing tightly is another possibility to increase the laser intensity, but this comes at the risk of damaging the optics with target debris, as it requires their placement in close proximity to the interaction region. Plasma devices are an attractive, compact alternative to tightly focus extreme light pulses and further increase the final laser intensity.

Published
2014

28. Towards simultaneous measurements of electronic and structural properties in ultra-fast x-ray free electron laser absorption spectroscopy experiments

Author

P. M. Leguay, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, B. I. Cho, Marion Harmand, C. Ozkan, Michael Störmer, K. Engelhorn, Hae Ja Lee, C. Fourment, Jérôme Gaudin, Bob Nagler, Sven Toleikis, Eric Galtier, Fabien Dorchies, Th. Tschentscher, Philip Heimann, Airbus Group Innovations [Suresnes], Airbus [France], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Light, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Absorption, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Molybdenum, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Multidisciplinary, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Lasers, Free-electron laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, ddc:000, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

International audience; The rapidly growing ultrafast science with X-ray lasers unveils atomic scale processes with unprecedented time resolution bringing the so called "molecular movie'' within reach. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is one of the most powerful x-ray techniques providing both local atomic order and electronic structure when coupled with ad-hoc theory. Collecting absorption spectra within few x-ray pulses is possible only in a dispersive setup. We demonstrate ultrafast time-resolved measurements of the LIII-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectra of irreversibly laser excited Molybdenum using an average of only few x-ray pulses with a signal to noise ratio limited only by the saturation level of the detector. The simplicity of the experimental set-up makes this technique versatile and applicable for a wide range of pump-probe experiments, particularly in the case of non-reversible processes.

Published
2014

29. A 31T split-pair pulsed magnet for single crystal x-ray diffraction at low temperature

Author

Fabienne Duc, J. Béard, Lin Zhang, Carsten Detlefs, Thomas Roth, G. L. J. A. Rikken, Marc Nardone, A. Zitouni, X. Fabrèges, J.-P. Nicolin, M. Lesourd, P. Delescluse, J. Billette, P. Frings, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Cryostat, Diffraction, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), business.industry, Particle accelerator, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, Beamline, Magnet, X-ray crystallography, Xray single crystal diffraction- High pulsed field- split pair magnet-Low temperature, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], 0210 nano-technology, business, Single crystal
Abstract

We have developed a pulsed magnet system with panoramic access for synchrotron x-ray diffraction in magnetic fields up to 31T and at low temperature down to 1.5 K. The apparatus consists of a split-pair magnet, a liquid nitrogen bath to cool the pulsed coil, and a helium cryostat allowing sample temperatures from 1.5 up to 250 K. Using a 1.15MJ mobile generator, magnetic field pulses of 60 ms length were generated in the magnet, with a rise time of 16.5 ms and a repetition rate of 2 pulses/hour at 31 T. The setup was validated for single crystal diffraction on the ESRF beamline ID06.

Published
2014

30. A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis near BMP2 and within BBS9

Author

Virginia Kimonis, Garima Yagnik, Inga Peter, Monica Erazo, Yoonhee Kim, E Ainehsazan, Tony Roscioli, Marike Zwienenberg-Lee, James L. Mills, Steven A. Wall, Ethylin Wang Jabs, Paul A. Romitti, Lisong Shi, Craig W. Senders, Joan M. Stoler, Cyrill Naydenov, Cristina M. Justice, Denise M. Kay, Xiaoqian Ye, Peter J. Taub, Simeon A. Boyadjiev, Charlotte M. Druschel, Michael F. Buckley, Ophir D. Klein, James E. Boggan, Jinoh Kim, Joan T. Richtsmeier, Michael L. Cunningham, Michele Caggana, Alexander F. Wilson, Andrew O.M. Wilkie, Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara, Yann Heuzé, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Queen's University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Genetic Disorders, New York State Department of Health [Albany], Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, and University of California

Subjects
Proband, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Genome-wide association study, BBS9, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, Craniosynostosis, Cohort Studies, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [IGMD 3], 03 medical and health sciences, Craniosynostoses, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Infant, Newborn, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Neoplasm Proteins, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Genetic Loci, Susceptibility locus, Sagittal craniosynostosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 110663.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Sagittal craniosynostosis is the most common form of craniosynostosis, affecting approximately one in 5,000 newborns. We conducted, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide association study for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (sNSC) using 130 non-Hispanic case-parent trios of European ancestry (NHW). We found robust associations in a 120-kb region downstream of BMP2 flanked by rs1884302 (P = 1.13 x 10(-14), odds ratio (OR) = 4.58) and rs6140226 (P = 3.40 x 10(-11), OR = 0.24) and within a 167-kb region of BBS9 between rs10262453 (P = 1.61 x 10(-10), OR = 0.19) and rs17724206 (P = 1.50 x 10(-8), OR = 0.22). We replicated the associations to both loci (rs1884302, P = 4.39 x 10(-31) and rs10262453, P = 3.50 x 10(-14)) in an independent NHW population of 172 unrelated probands with sNSC and 548 controls. Both BMP2 and BBS9 are genes with roles in skeletal development that warrant functional studies to further understand the etiology of sNSC.

Published
2012

31. X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy of Magnetic Structures

Author

D. Parks, Keoki Seu, Sujoy Roy, Peter Fischer, Ian McNulty, Oleg Krupin, Xiaojing Huang, Richard J. Gambino, Stéphane Mangin, Joshua J. Turner, Kim Kisslinger, S. D. Kevan, E. Lima, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Oregon [Eugene], Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Diffraction, Physics, Magnetic domain, Magnetic structure, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Zone plate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, PACS: 42.25.Fx, 42.30.Ms, 42.30.Rx, 75.60.Ch, 0103 physical sciences, Microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phase retrieval, Image resolution, Excitation
Abstract

International audience; We report the first proof-of-principle experiment of iterative phase retrieval from magnetic x-ray diffraction. By using the resonant x-ray excitation process and coherent x-ray scattering, we show that linearly polarized soft x rays can be used to image both the amplitude and the phase of magnetic domain structures. We recovered the magnetic structure of an amorphous terbium-cobalt thin film with a spatial resolution of about 75 nm at the Co L 3 edge at 778 eV. In comparison with soft x-ray microscopy images recorded with Fresnel zone plate optics at better than 25 nm spatial resolution, we find qualitative agreement in the observed magnetic structure.

Published
2011

32. Zr-based bulk metallic glasses equation of state under laser shock compression and spall strength

Author

Raffray, Yoann, Jodar, Benjamin, Sangleboeuf, Jean-Christophe, A., Benuzzi-Mounaix, Vinci, Tommaso, Berthe, Laurent, Lescoute, Emilien, Barraud, Etienne, Brambrink, Erik, Loison, Didier, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Matière sous Conditions Extrêmes (LMCE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European XFEL Gmbh, and Raffray, Yoann

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

34. The photochemical ring-opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene: complex dynamical evolution of the reactive state

Author

Travnikova, O., Pite��a, T., Ponzi, A., Sapunar, M., Squibb, R. J., Richter, R., Finetti, P., Di Fraia, M., De Fanis, A., Mahne, N., Manfredda, M., Zhaunerchyk, V., Marchenko, T., Guillemin, R., Journel, L., Prince, K. C., Callegari, C., Simon, M., Feifel, R., Decleva, P., Do��li��, N., Piancastelli, M. N., Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Ruđer Bošković (IRB), University of Gothenburg (GU), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, European XFEL Gmbh, CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università degli studi di Trieste, and Uppsala University

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Physics - Chemical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

The photochemically induced ring-opening isomerization reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) to 1,3,5-hexatriene (HT) is a textbook example of a pericyclic reaction, and has been amply investigated with advanced spectroscopic techniques. The generally accepted description of the isomerization pathway starts with a valence excitation to the lowest-lying bright state, followed by a passage through a conical intersection to a dark doubly excited state, and finally a branching between either the return to the ground state of the cyclic molecule or the actual ring-opening reaction leading to the open-chain isomer. It was traditionally assumed that the dark reactive state corresponds to the second excited state of CHD at the Franck-Condon geometry. Here in a joint experimental and computational effort we demonstrate that the evolution of the excitation-deexcitation process is much more complex than usually described. In particular, we show that an initially high-lying electronic state smoothly decreasing in energy along the reaction path plays a key role in the ring-opening reaction. The conceptual basis of our work is that the dynamics to consider here is determined by diabatic states, whose populations are the ones closely related to the observed photoelectron signal., Sumbitted to Nature Communications (under review)

Published
2022

35. UV-induced dissociation of CH2BrI probed by intense femtosecond XUV pulses

Author

Hansjochen Köckert, Jason W L Lee, Felix Allum, Kasra Amini, Sadia Bari, Cédric Bomme, Felix Brauße, Mark Brouard, Michael Burt, Barbara Cunha de Miranda, Stefan Düsterer, Per Eng-Johnsson, Benjamin Erk, Marie Géléoc, Romain Geneaux, Alexander S Gentleman, Renaud Guillemin, Gildas Goldsztejn, David M P Holland, Iyas Ismail, Loïc Journel, Thomas Kierspel, Jochen Küpper, Jan Lahl, Stuart R Mackenzie, Sylvain Maclot, Bastian Manschwetus, Andrey S Mereshchenko, Terence Mullins, Pavel K Olshin, Jérôme Palaudoux, Francis Penent, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Dimitrios Rompotis, Arnaud Rouzée, Thierry Ruchon, Artem Rudenko, Nora Schirmel, Marc Simon, Simone Techert, Oksana Travnikova, Sebastian Trippel, Claire Vallance, Enliang Wang, Joss Wiese, Farzaneh Ziaee, Tatiana Marchenko, Daniel Rolles, Rebecca Boll, University of Oxford, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Physique à Haute Intensité (PHI), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Born-institut, Berlin, Dynamique Réactionnelle (DyR), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, European XFEL Gmbh, Kansas State University, and ANR-16-CE30-0001,ATTOMEMUCHO,Dynamique électronique attoseconde dans les molécules organiques isolées par la spectroscopie 'core-hole clock'(2016)

Subjects
[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, charge transfer, free-electron lasers, Atom- och molekylfysik och optik, ddc:530, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, ultrafast molecular dynamics
Abstract

Journal of physics / B 55(1), 014001 (2022). doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ac489d, The ultraviolet (UV)-induced dissociation and photofragmentation of gas-phase CH$_2$BrI molecules induced by intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses at three different photon energies are studied by multi-mass ion imaging. Using a UV-pump���XUV-probe scheme, charge transfer between highly charged iodine ions and neutral CH$_2$Br radicals produced by C���I bond cleavage is investigated. In earlier charge-transfer studies, the center of mass of the molecules was located along the axis of the bond cleaved by the pump pulse. In the present case of CH$_2$BrI, this is not the case, thus inducing a rotation of the fragment. We discuss the influence of the rotation on the charge transfer process using a classical over-the-barrier model. Our modeling suggests that, despite the fact that the dissociation is slower due to the rotational excitation, the critical interatomic distance for charge transfer is reached faster. Furthermore, we suggest that charge transfer during molecular fragmentation may be modulated in a complex way., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

Published
2022

36. Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser

Author

Saikat Nandi, Edvin Olofsson, Mattias Bertolino, Stefanos Carlström, Felipe Zapata, David Busto, Carlo Callegari, Michele Di Fraia, Per Eng-Johnsson, Raimund Feifel, Guillaume Gallician, Mathieu Gisselbrecht, Sylvain Maclot, Lana Neoričić, Jasper Peschel, Oksana Plekan, Kevin C. Prince, Richard J. Squibb, Shiyang Zhong, Philipp V. Demekhin, Michael Meyer, Catalin Miron, Laura Badano, Miltcho B. Danailov, Luca Giannessi, Michele Manfredda, Filippo Sottocorona, Marco Zangrando, Jan Marcus Dahlström, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, University of Gothenburg (GU), LUmière et MOlécules (LUMO), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, European XFEL Gmbh, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn IFIN HH, ELI NP Dept, Reactorului Str 30, Magurele 077125, Romania, Nandi, Saikat, Olofsson, Edvin, Bertolino, Mattia, Carlström, Stefano, Zapata, Felipe, Busto, David, Callegari, Carlo, Di Fraia, Michele, Eng-Johnsson, Per, Feifel, Raimund, Gallician, Guillaume, Gisselbrecht, Mathieu, Maclot, Sylvain, Neoričić, Lana, Peschel, Jasper, Plekan, Oksana, Prince, Kevin C, Squibb, Richard J, Zhong, Shiyang, Demekhin, Philipp V, Meyer, Michael, Miron, Catalin, Badano, Laura, Danailov, Miltcho B, Giannessi, Luca, Manfredda, Michele, Sottocorona, Filippo, Zangrando, Marco, and Dahlström, Jan Marcus

Subjects
electron, interference, Physics::Optics, magnetic field, free electron laser, helium, doublet, quantum, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], excited state, ground state, Physics::Atomic Physics, structure, perturbation theory, Multidisciplinary, Rabi oscillations, effect, atom, oscillation, crossing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], coherence, modulation, time dependence, signature, photoelectron
Abstract

Rabi oscillations are periodic modulations of populations in two-level systems interacting with a time-varying field1. They are ubiquitous in physics with applications in different areas such as photonics2, nano-electronics3, electron microscopy4 and quantum information5. While the theory developed by Rabi was intended for fermions in gyrating magnetic fields, Autler and Townes realized that it could also be used to describe coherent light–matter interactions within the rotating-wave approximation6. Although intense nanometre-wavelength light sources have been available for more than a decade7–9, Rabi dynamics at such short wavelengths has not been directly observed. Here we show that femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser10 can drive Rabi dynamics between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms. The measured photoelectron signal reveals an Autler–Townes doublet and an avoided crossing, phenomena that are both fundamental to coherent atom–field interactions11. Using an analytical model derived from perturbation theory on top of the Rabi model, we find that the ultrafast build-up of the doublet structure carries the signature of a quantum interference effect between resonant and non-resonant photoionization pathways. Given the recent availability of intense attosecond12 and few-femtosecond13 extreme-ultraviolet pulses, our results unfold opportunities to carry out ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths using free-electron lasers.

Published
2022

38. Severe Myocardial Dysfunction after Non-Ischemic Cardiac Arrest: Effectiveness of Percutaneous Assist Devices

Author

Alain Cohen-Solal, Michel Bonneau, Pascal Leprince, Andreas Goetzenich, Stéphane Manzo-Silberman, Guillaume Lebreton, Pierre Demondion, Christoph Nix, Chantal Kang, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), European XFEL Gmbh, Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Porc (IFIP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Resuscitation, acute heart failure, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Return of spontaneous circulation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, left ventricular assist device, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Medicine, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Impella, mechanical circulatory support, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, cardiogenic shock, organ replacement therapies, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, medicine.disease, Ventricular assist device, Ventricular fibrillation, Cardiology, physiopathology, business
Abstract

Introduction: Despite the improvements in standardized cardiopulmonary resuscitation, survival remains low, mainly due to initial myocardial dysfunction and hemodynamic instability. Our goal was to compare the efficacy of two left ventricular assist devices on resuscitation and hemodynamic supply in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Methods: Seventeen anaesthetized pigs had 12 min of untreated VF followed by 6 min of chest compression and boluses of epinephrine. Next, a first defibrillation was attempted and pigs were randomized to any of the three groups: control (n = 5), implantation of an percutaneous left ventricular assist device (Impella, n = 5) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, n = 7). Hemodynamic and myocardial functions were evaluated invasively at baseline, at return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), after 10–30–60–120–240 min post-resuscitation. The primary endpoint was the rate of ROSC. Results: Only one of 5 pigs in the control group, 5 of 5 pigs in the Impella group, and 5 of 7 pigs in the ECMO group had ROSC (p &lt, 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction at 240 min post-resuscitation was 37.5 ± 6.2% in the ECMO group vs. 23 ± 3% in the Impella group (p = 0.06). No significant difference in hemodynamic parameters was observed between the two ventricular assist devices. Conclusion: Early mechanical circulatory support appeared to improve resuscitation rates in a shockable rhythm model of cardiac arrest. This approach appears promising and should be further evaluated.

Published
2021

39. Carbon in the deep Earth: The fate of magnesite in the lower mantle

Author

Karen Appel, Lélia Libon, Max Wilke, Johannes Kaa, Wolfgang Morgenroth, Louis Hennet, Christian Albers, Georg Spiekermann, Serena Dominijanni, Melanie J. Sieber, R. J. Husband, Catherine McCammon, Vladimir Roddatis, Konstantin Glazyrin, Nicole Biedermann, University of Potsdam, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Geological Institute [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European XFEL Gmbh, Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, University of Bayreuth, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ( ICMN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Geochemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], chemistry.chemical_element, Carbon, Geology, Earth (classical element), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Magnesite
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

40. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author

J Lütgert, Hae Ja Lee, S. Brown, Peihao Sun, Tilo Döppner, Dominik Kraus, Thomas E. Cowan, Emma McBride, S. H. Glenzer, Maximilian Schörner, Luke Fletcher, Irene Prencipe, Philip Heimann, A. Laso Garcia, A. K. Schuster, A. Pelka, N. J. Hartley, Roger Falcone, Jan Vorberger, Tommaso Vinci, Alison Saunders, Melanie Rödel, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Eric Cunningham, Dirk O. Gericke, M. Schölmerich, Eric Galtier, K. Voigt, Alessandra Ravasio, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Warwick [Coventry], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, European XFEL Gmbh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Diffraction, Equation of state, Materials science, Science, Ab initio, Thermodynamics, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Polyethylene terephthalate, Planetary science, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pyrometer, Theory and computation, Laboratory astrophysics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Laser-produced plasmas, Shock (mechanics), chemistry, Medicine, Density functional theory
Abstract

We present structure and equation of state (EOS) measurements of biaxially orientated polyethylene terephthalate (PET, $$({\hbox {C}}_{10} {\hbox {H}}_8 {\hbox {O}}_4)_n$$ ( C 10 H 8 O 4 ) n , also called mylar) shock-compressed to ($$155 \pm 20$$ 155 ± 20 ) GPa and ($$6000 \pm 1000$$ 6000 ± 1000 ) K using in situ X-ray diffraction, Doppler velocimetry, and optical pyrometry. Comparing to density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations, we find a highly correlated liquid at conditions differing from predictions by some equations of state tables, which underlines the influence of complex chemical interactions in this regime. EOS calculations from ab initio DFT-MD simulations and shock Hugoniot measurements of density, pressure and temperature confirm the discrepancy to these tables and present an experimentally benchmarked correction to the description of PET as an exemplary material to represent the mixture of light elements at planetary interior conditions.

Published
2021

41. Experimental investigation of the phase stability in the bridgmanite-magnesite system

Author

Libon, Lélia, Spiekermann, Georg, Sieber, Melanie, Kaa, Johannes, Dominijanni, Serena, Biedermann, Nicole, Appel, Karen, Morgenroth, Wolfgang, Albers, Christian, Mccammon, Catherine, Roddatis, Vladimir, Hennet, Louis, Wilke, Max, University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), European XFEL Gmbh, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ( ICMN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

42. Real-Time Observation of 'Soft' Magic-Size Clusters during Hydrolysis of the Model Metallodrug Bismuth Disalicylate

Author

O. Ivashko, Davin Tan, Hatem M. Titi, Ann-Christin Dippel, Nicolas Geoffroy, Olof Gutowski, Yoann Rousselin, Petra Spoerk-Erdely, Philipp Glaevecke, Daniel Szczerba, Vasilii V. Bazhenov, Jessica M. Hudspeth, Denis Chaumont, Tomislav Friščić, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Michel Meyer, Ivan Halasz, Valérie Schwanen, Siham Mouhtadi, Jean-Louis Do, Simon A. J. Kimber, Mihails Arhangelskis, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université de Liège, Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), European XFEL Gmbh, University of Warsaw (UW), and Institut Ruđer Bošković (IRB)

Subjects
Cluster chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Bismuth subsalicylate, Bismuth, law.invention, Colloid, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, law, Cluster (physics), medicine, Organometallic Compounds, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Crystallization, 010405 organic chemistry, Pair distribution function, General Chemistry, Salicylates, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry, Solvolysis, Group theory, Metal clusters, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Colloidal bismuth therapeutics have been used for hundreds of years, yet remain mysterious. Here we report an X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) study of the solvolysis of bismuth disalicylate, a model for the metallodrug bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). This reveals catalysis by traces of water, followed by multistep cluster growth. The ratio of the two major species, {Bi9O7} and {Bi38O44}, depends on exposure to air, time, and the solvent. The solution-phase cluster structures are of significantly higher symmetry in comparison to solid-state analogues, with reduced off-center Bi3+ displacements. This explains why such “magic-size” clusters can be both stable enough to crystallize and sufficiently labile for further growth.

Published
2021

46. Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon

Author

D. C. Swift, Zuzana Konôpková, A. Pelka, Thomas Tschentscher, Andrew Krygier, C. Spindloe, Andrew Higginbotham, Franz Tavella, Eric Galtier, R. F. Smith, Marion Harmand, A. Ehnes, Hae Ja Lee, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Emma McBride, M. Rödel, Andreas Schropp, Justin Wark, Sven Toleikis, Bob Nagler, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institute of Radiation Physics [Dresden], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), and European XFEL GmbH

Subjects
Diffraction, Phase transition, Phase boundary, Silicon, compressed silicon, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, shock, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], high energy density, XFEL, MEC, Abundance of the chemical elements, Shock (mechanics), Shear (sheet metal), LCLS, chemistry, x-ray diffraction, Chemical physics, phase transition, Hydrostatic equilibrium
Abstract

Silicon, being one of the most abundant elements in nature, attracts wide-ranging scientific and technological interest. Specifically, in its elemental form, crystals of remarkable purity can be produced. One may assume that this would lead to silicon being well understood, and indeed, this is the case for many ambient properties, as well as for higher-pressure behaviour under quasi-static loading. However, despite many decades of study, a detailed understanding of the response of silicon to rapid compression—such as that experienced under shock impact—remains elusive. Here, we combine a novel free-electron laser-based X-ray diffraction geometry with laser-driven compression to elucidate the importance of shear generated during shock compression on the occurrence of phase transitions. We observe lowering of the hydrostatic phase boundary in elemental silicon, an ideal model system for investigating high-strength materials, analogous to planetary constituents. Moreover, we unambiguously determine the onset of melting above 14 GPa, previously ascribed to a solid–solid phase transition, undetectable in the now conventional shocked diffraction geometry; transitions to the liquid state are expected to be ubiquitous in all systems at sufficiently high pressures and temperatures.

Published
2019

47. Charge order and suppression of superconductivity in HgBa2CuO4+d at high pressures

Author

Robert Comes, Pierre Fertey, Stephan Megtert, Manuel Izquierdo, J. P. Itié, Helene Raffy, Sylvain Ravy, Anne Forget, Dorothée Colson, Daniele C. Freitas, Manuel Núñez-Regueiro, Gaston Garbarino, European XFEL Gmbh, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (NEEL - MagSup), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Materials science, QC1-999, COMPETITION, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Charge ordering, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Cuprate, DENSITY-WAVE ORDER, 010306 general physics, X-ray crystallography, Phase diagram, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Physics, Doping, charge density waves, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, high pressure, superconducting cuprates, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal, TC, electrical resistivity
Abstract

New insight into the superconducting properties of HgBa2CuO4 (Hg-1201) cuprates is provided by combined measurements of electrical resistivity and single crystal X-ray diffraction under pressure. The changes induced by increasing pressure up to 20 GPa in optimally doped single crystals were investigated. The resistivity measurements as a function of temperature show a metallic behavior up to ~10 GPa that gradually passes into an insulating state, typical of charge ordering, which totally suppresses superconductivity above 13 GPa. The changes in resistivity are accompanied by the apparition of sharp Bragg peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns, indicating that the charge ordering is accompanied by a 3D oxygen ordering. Considering that pressure induces a charge transfer of about 0.02 at 10 GPa, our results are the first observation of charge order competing with superconductivity developed in the overdoped region of the phase diagram of a Hg-based cuprate.

Published
2021

48. Simultaneous 8.2 keV phase-contrast imaging and 24.6 keV X-ray diffraction from shock-compressed matter at the LCLS

Author

Norimasa Ozaki, Kohei Miyanishi, Frank Seiboth, Marion Harmand, Abraham Levitan, Justin Wark, Eric Galtier, Melanie Rödel, Luke Fletcher, A. Schropp, Simone Anzellini, J. B. Hastings, Hae Ja Lee, Sebastian Goede, Emma McBride, Christopher Spindloe, David McGonegle, Leora Dresselhaus-Cooper, S. H. Glenzer, Mungo Frost, Inhyuk Nam, Bob Nagler, Peihao Sun, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Clarenton Laboratory, University of Oxford, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Chemistry Department [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), European XFEL Gmbh, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osaka University [Osaka], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Thermomechanics (Prague, Czech Republic), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), University of Oxford [Oxford], Graduate School of Engineering, and Osaka University

Subjects
Shock wave, Diffraction, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, business.industry, Phase-contrast imaging, Undulator, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Shock (mechanics), Reciprocal lattice, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Harmonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Applied physics letters 112(22), 221907 - (2018). doi:10.1063/1.5031907, In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and X-ray diffraction from shock compressed matter at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation, at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We utilize the chromaticity from compound refractive X-ray lenses to focus the 24.6 keV 3rd order undulator harmonic of the LCLS to a spot size of 5 μm on target to perform X-ray diffraction. Simultaneous PCI from the 8.2 keV fundamental X-ray beam is used to visualize and measure the transient properties of the shock wave over a 500 μm field of view. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to extend the reciprocal space measurements by 5 Å$^{−1}$, relative to the fundamental X-ray energy, by utilizing X-ray diffraction from the 3rd harmonic of the LCLS., Published by American Inst. of Physics, Melville, NY

Published
2018

49. Guest–Host Interactions Investigated by Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopies and Scattering at MHz Rates: Solvation Dynamics and Photoinduced Spin Transition in Aqueous Fe(bipy)32+

Author

Gilles Doumy, Martin Nielsen, György Vankó, T. B. van Driel, Stephen H. Southworth, Anne Marie March, Kristoffer Haldrup, Henrik T. Lemke, Wojciech Gawelda, Asmus Ougaard Dohn, Jens Uhlig, Andreas Galler, Elliot P. Kanter, Villy Sundström, Linda Young, Christian Bressler, Amélie Bordage, Kasper S. Kjær, Sophie E. Canton, Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS Bratislava, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European XFEL GmbH, Department of Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, and Lund University [Lund]

Subjects
Time Factors, Spin transition, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ferric Compounds, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray Diffraction, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Scattering, Intermolecular force, Solvation, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Water, Photochemical Processes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Kinetics, Solvation shell, Chemical physics, Excited state, Intramolecular force, Quantum Theory, Thermodynamics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We have studied the photoinduced low spin (LS) to high spin (HS) conversion of [Fe(bipy)(3)](2+) in aqueous solution. In a laser pump/X-ray probe synchrotron setup permitting simultaneous, time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and X-ray spectroscopic measurements at a 3.26 MHz repetition rate, we observed the interplay between intramolecular dynamics and the intermolecular caging solvent response with better than 100 ps time resolution. On this time scale, the initial ultrafast spin transition and the associated intramolecular geometric structure changes are long completed, as is the solvent heating due to the initial energy dissipation from the excited HS molecule. Combining information from X-ray emission spectroscopy and scattering, the excitation fraction as well as the temperature and density changes of the solvent can be closely followed on the subnanosecond time scale of the HS lifetime, allowing the detection of an ultrafast change in bulk solvent density. An analysis approach directly utilizing the spectroscopic data in the XDS analysis effectively reduces the number of free parameters, and both combined permit extraction of information about the ultrafast structural dynamics of the caging solvent, in particular, a decrease in the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell is inferred, as predicted by recent theoretical work.

Published
2012

50. Co K-edge magnetic circular dichroism across the spin state transition in LaCoO3 single crystal

Author

Philippe Sainctavit, I. O. Troyanchuk, V. V. Sikolenko, Dmitry V. Karpinsky, V. V. Efimov, Andrei Rogalev, S. I. Tiutiunnikov, Serguei L. Molodtsov, F. Wilhelm, E Yakimchuk, Dharmalingam Prabhakaran, Vladimir V. Kriventsov, E. A. Efimova, A Ignatov, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Sci Pract Mat Res Ctr NAS Belarus, Minsk 220072, Byelarus, Research and Education Centre (REC) 'Functional Nanomaterials', Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), European XFEL Gmbh, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], History, Condensed matter physics, Spin states, Magnetic moment, Magnetic circular dichroism, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Electron magnetic dipole moment, Computer Science Applications, Education, Magnetic field, K-edge, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal
Abstract

International audience; We report on Co K-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements of LaCoO3 single crystal in temperature range from 5 to 300 K and external magnetic field of 17 T. The response consists of pre-edge (at 7712 eV) and bi-polar peak (up at 7727, down at 7731 eV) with amplitudes, respectively, less than 10(-3) and 10(-2) of the Co K-edge jump. Using the sum rule the orbital magnetic moment of 4p Co is evaluated. Its temperature dependence reaches a maximum of (2.7 +/- 0.9) (x) 10(-3) mu(B) at 120 K, following the trend for the total magnetic moment on the Co obtained from the superconducting quantum interference device measurements. However, on warming from 25 to 120 K, the orbital magnetic moment of the 4p Co doubles while total magnetic moment of Co increases 10 times. First principle calculations are in order to relate the Co K-edge XMCD results to the orbital and spin moment of 3d Co

Published
2015

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