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International audience; Cued Speech (CS) is a communication system that uses manual gestures to facilitate lipreading. In this study, we investigated how CS information interacts with natural speech using Event-Related Potential (ERP) analyses in French-speaking, typically hearing adults (TH) who were either naïve or experienced CS producers. The audiovisual (AV) presentation of lipreading information elicited an amplitude attenuation of the entire N1 and P2 complex in both groups, accompanied by N1 latency facilitation in the group of CS producers. Adding CS gestures to lipread information increased the magnitude of effects observed at the N1 time window, but did not enhance P2 amplitude attenuation. Interestingly, presenting CS gestures without lipreading information yielded distinct response patterns depending on participants’ experience with the system. In the group of CS producers, AV perception of CS gestures facilitated the early stage of speech processing, while in the group of naïve participants, it elicited a latency delay at the P2 time window. These results suggest that, for experienced CS users, the perception of gestures facilitates early stages of speech processing, but when people are not familiar with the system, the perception of gestures impacts the efficiency of phonological decoding.

ISBN : 978-2-917490-35-8; International audience; Bien que les implants cochléaires (IC) améliorent la perception de la parole, les informations auditives transmises par celui-ci restent dégradées et imparfaites (Leybaert & LaSasso, 2010). Cette étude porte sur les bénéfices pour la perception de parole de deux approches de soutien de la langue vocale chez les enfants porteurs d’IC. L’Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) est un programme d'intervention précoce qui s'appuie principalement sur l’entrainement auditif pour que l’enfant sourd puisse développer des compétences auditives et langagières adéquates. La Langue française Parlée Complétée (LfPC) est un outil d’aide à la communication qui utilise la multisensorialité de la parole pour désambiguïser la lecture labiale en y ajoutant un geste manuel. Cette étude inclut des enfants âgés de 5 à 11 ans : 90 enfants normo-entendants (NE), 9 enfants porteurs d’IC ayant participé à un programme AVT (AVT), 6 enfants porteurs d’IC ayant un niveau élevé de décodage de la LfPC (LfPC+), et 19 enfants porteurs d’IC ayant un faible niveau de décodage de la LfPC (LfPC-). Le niveau de décodage été mesuré en utilisant le test TERMO (Busquet & Descourtieux, 2000). Dans cette étude, la tâche de jugement de lexicalité de la batterie EULALIES (Meloni et al. 2017) a été utilisée. Des mots étaient présentés en modalité audiovisuelle, avec altération phonologique ou non et l'enfant devait juger si ceux-ci étaient prononcés correctement. La sensibilité de la perception a été mesurée par un score d’ (Macmillan and Creelman, 2004). Un intervalle de prédiction à 95% a été calculé pour les enfants NE et les scores des enfants porteurs d’IC ont été comparés à cet intervalle (par des tests de conformité des proportions). Pour les scores IC en dehors de cet intervalle, la distance par rapport à la borne supérieure de l'intervalle a été calculée.Les résultats montrent que les enfants LfPC+ et LfPC- ont des performances significativement plus faibles que leurs pairs entendants et que les enfants AVT ont tendance à avoir des scores plus faibles. De plus, les scores des enfants des groupes AVT et LfPC+ sont plus proches de l’intervalle que ceux des enfants du groupe LfPC-. Ainsi, cette étude semble montrer que ces deux approches (AVT et LfPC) contribuent à la rééducation de la perception de parole, et souligne l'importance d'utiliser une approche spécifique en soutien de l’IC.Références bibliographiquesBUSQUET, D., & DESCOURTIEUX, C. (2000). TERMO Test d’évaluation de la réception du message oral par l’enfant sourd. Unithèque. https://www.unitheque.com/termo-test-evaluation-reception-message-oral-par-enfant-sourd/ortho/Livre/4074 LEYBAERT, J., LASASSO, C.J., Cued Speech for Enhancing Speech Perception and First Language Development of Children With Cochlear Implants. Trends Amplif, 2010, 96–112. MACMILLAN, N.A., CREELMAN, C.D., Detection Theory: A User’s Guide, 2nd ed. Psychology Press, New York, 2004.MELONI G., LOEVENBRUCK H., VILAIN A. & MACLEOD A. EULALIES, The France-Québec Speech Sound Disorders project, Actes de 14th International Congress for the Study of Child Language (IASCL), Lyon, France, 2017.

International audience; Introduction Early exposure to a rich linguistic environment is essential as soon as the diagnosis of deafness is made. Cochlear implantation (CI) allows children to have access to speech perception in their early years. However, it provides only partial acoustic information, which can lead to difficulties in perceiving some phonetic contrasts. This study investigates the contribution of two spoken speech and language rehabilitation approaches to speech perception in children with CI using a lexicality judgment task from the EULALIES battery. Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) is an early intervention program that relies on auditory learning to enhance hearing skills in deaf children with CI. French Cued Speech, also called Cued French (CF), is a multisensory communication tool that disambiguates lip reading by adding a manual gesture. Methods In this study, 124 children aged from 60 to 140 months were included: 90 children with typical hearing skills (TH), 9 deaf children with CI who had participated in an AVT program (AVT), 6 deaf children with CI with high Cued French reading skills (CF+), and 19 deaf children with CI with low Cued French reading skills (CF-). Speech perception was assessed using sensitivity ( d’ ) using both the hit and false alarm rates, as defined in signal-detection theory. Results The results show that children with cochlear implants from the CF- and CF+ groups have significantly lower performance compared to children with typical hearing (TH) ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). Additionally, children in the AVT group also tended to have lower scores compared to TH children ( p = 0.07). However, exposition to AVT and CF seems to improve speech perception. The scores of the children in the AVT and CF+ groups are closer to typical scores than those of children in the CF- group, as evidenced by a distance measure. Discussion Overall, the findings of this study provide evidence for the effectiveness of these two speech and language rehabilitation approaches, and highlight the importance of using a specific approach in addition to a cochlear implant to improve speech perception in children with cochlear implants.

International audience; Orofacial somatosensory inputs modify the perception of speech sounds. Such auditory-somatosensory integration likely develops alongside speech production acquisition. We examined whether the somatosensory effect in speech perception varies depending on individual characteristics of speech production. The somatosensory effect in speech perception was assessed by changes in category boundary between /e/ and /ø/ in a vowel identification test resulting from somatosensory stimulation providing facial skin deformation in the rearward direction corresponding to articulatory movement for /e/ applied together with the auditory input. Speech production performance was quantified by the acoustic distances between the average first, second and third formants of /e/ and /ø/ utterances recorded in a separate test. The category boundary between /e/ and /ø/ was significantly shifted toward /ø/ due to the somatosensory stimulation which is consistent with previous research. The amplitude of the category boundary shift was significantly correlated with the acoustic distance between the mean second – and marginally third – formants of /e/ and /ø/ productions, with no correlation with the first formant distance. Greater acoustic distances can be related to larger contrasts between the articulatory targets of vowels in speech production. These results suggest that the somatosensory effect in speech perception can be linked to speech production performance.

International audience; Hearing loss in children can lead to a delay in oral language development. Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) is a uni-sensory method that relies mainly on the auditory channel to enable deaf children with implants to develop good hearing skills. The French Cued Speech (CF) is a multimodal tool that disambiguate lip reading by adding a manual gesture. This study investigates the contribution of these two tools on speech perception in children with cochlear implants, using a lexicality judgment task. The results suggest similar performance in children with a good level of CF, children enrolled in an AVT program, and children with normal hearing, but weaker performance in children with a low level of CF. Thus, early and child-specific care is crucial for optimal phonological development.; La perte auditive chez l'enfant peut entrainer un retard sur le développement du langage oral. L'Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) est une méthode uni-sensorielle qui se base principalement sur le canal auditif pour permettre aux enfants sourds implantés de développer de bonnes capacités auditives. La Langue française Parlée Complétée (LfPC) est un outil multimodal qui permet de désambiguïser la lecture labiale par l'ajout d'un geste manuel. Cette étude s'intéresse à l'apport de ces deux outils sur la perception de parole chez l'enfant porteur d'implant cochléaire, à partir d'une tâche de jugement de lexicalité. Les résultats suggèrent des performances similaires chez les enfants avec un bon niveau de LfPC, les enfants inscrits dans un programme AVT, et les enfants normoentendants, mais des performances plus faibles chez les enfants avec un faible niveau de LfPC. Ainsi, une prise en charge précoce et adaptée à l'enfant est nécessaire pour le développement phonologique.

International audience; This paper proposes a simple and effective approach for automatic recognition of Cued Speech (CS), a visual communication tool that helps people with hearing impairment to understand spoken language with the help of hand gestures that can uniquely identify the uttered phonemes in complement to lipreading. The proposed approach is based on a pre-trained hand and lips tracker used for visual feature extraction and a phonetic decoder based on a multistream recurrent neural network trained with connectionist temporal classification loss and combined with a pronunciation lexicon. The proposed system is evaluated on an updated version of the French CS dataset CSF18 for which the phonetic transcription has been manually checked and corrected. With a decoding accuracy at the phonetic level of 70.88%, the proposed system outperforms our previous CNN-HMM decoder and competes with more complex baselines.