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Introduction: Events can havea deepand long-term impact in urban transformations, due to the effectsin the urban landscape and the reinforcement of urban services. In addition, tourist perceptions of urban destinations are significantly affected by their experience of events. Methodology: The objective is to analyse the impact of the Holy Week in Seville in terms of urban presence and visitor perceptions. A mixed methodology is applied involving questionnaires to visitors, spatial analysis of reinforced urban services, routes and movement of attendees, registration of related activities, and analysis of public policy documents. Results: There is a relatively low visit to heritage sites and tourist attractions during Holy Week, mainly because most tourists repeat the visit to the event. Attendees show a great satisfaction with all aspects related to the event in general, especially those who live in the city and who come from abroad. Discussion: The key aspects to improve are mobility and the visit to other resources apart from the event. Conclusions: The Holy Week is an important event in terms of the number of visitors, economic impact,and civic pride, and improving the quality of urban services is the key to ensuring tourists and residents satisfaction., Introducción: Los eventos pueden causar un impacto profundo en transformaciones urbanísticas, debido a los efectos en el paisaje urbano y al refuerzo de los servicios urbanos. Además, impactan en la percepción de los turistas sobre los destinos urbanos. Metodología: El objetivo es analizar el impacto de la Semana Santa de Sevilla en cuanto a presencia urbana y percepción de los visitantes. La metodología incluye cuestionarios a visitantes, análisis espacial de servicios urbanos reforzados, recorridos y movimiento de asistentes, registro de actividades relacionadas y análisis de documentos de políticas públicas. Resultados: Existe una visita relativamente baja a sitios patrimoniales y atractivos turísticos durante la Semana Santa, principalmente porque la mayoría de los turistas repiten visita al evento. Los asistentes muestran una gran satisfacción con todos los aspectos relacionados con el evento en general, especialmente los que viven en la ciudad y los que vienen del extranjero. Discusión: Los aspectos clave a mejorar son la movilidad y la visita a otros recursos. Conclusiones: La Semana Santa es muy importante en términos de número de visitantes, impacto económico y orgullo cívico, y mejorar y mantener la calidad de los servicios urbanos es clave para garantizar la satisfacción de turistas y residentes.

In this paper, a new computational topological framework for hypergraph analysis and recognition is developed. “Topology provides scale” is the principle at the core of this set of algebraic topological tools, whose fundamental notion is that of a scale-space topological model (s2-model). The scale of this parameterized sequence of algebraic hypergraphs, all having the same EulerPoincaré characteristic than the original hypergraph G, is provided by its relational topology in terms of evolution of incidence or adjacency connectivity maps. Its algebraic homological counterpart is again an s2-model, allowing the computation of new topological characteristics of G, which far exceeds current homological analytical techniques. Both scale-space algebraic dynamical systems are hypergraph isomorphic invariants. The hypergraph isomorphism problem is attacked here to demonstrate the power of the proposed framework, by proving the ability of s2-models to differentiate challenging cases that are difficult or even infeasible for state-of-the-art practical polynomial solvers. The processing, analysis, classification and learning power of the s2-model, at both combinatorial and algebraic levels, augurs positive prospects with respect to its application to physical, biological and social network analysis.

This study explores the impact of plasma treatment on Lavandin Grosso flowers and its influence on the extraction of essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. Short plasma treatment times enhance the yield of EO extraction from 3.19% in untreated samples to 3.44%, corresponding to 1 min of plasma treatment, while longer treatment times (10 min) show diminishing returns to 3.07% of yield extraction. Chemical characterization (GC/MS and ATR-FTIR) indicates that plasma treatments do not significantly alter the chemical composition of the extracted EOs, preserving their aromatic qualities. Investigations into plasma–surface interactions reveal changes at the nanometer level, with XPS confirming alterations in the surface chemistry of Lavandin Grosso flowers by reducing surface carbon and increasing oxygen content, ultimately resulting in an increased presence of hydrophilic groups. The presence of hydrophilic groups enhances the interaction between the surface membrane of the glandular trichomes on Lavandin Grosso flowers and water vapor, consequently increasing the extraction of EOs. Furthermore, microscopic SEM examinations demonstrate that plasma treatments do not affect the morphology of glandular trichomes, emphasizing that surface modifications primarily occur at the nanoscale. This study underscores the potential of plasma technology as a tool to enhance EO yields from botanical sources while maintaining their chemical integrity.

The present study explored the utilization of Rugulopteryx okamurae (RO), an invasive brown seaweed, as a renewable raw material for plastic materials based on biopolymer blends. The goal of this study was to improve the previously observed poor mechanical properties of materials based on single biopolymer RO. To enhance these properties, two polymers with distinct hydrophobicities were incorporated into the formulation of different blends: hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydrophilic acylated soy protein isolate (SPIa). SPIa was derived from soy protein through a chemical modification process, introducing hydrophilic carboxyl groups. The addition of PCL significantly strengthened the blend, increasing the storage modulus (E′1 Hz) from ~ 110 to ~ 250 MPa. Conversely, SPIa incorporation resulted in softening, with E′ values around 40 MPa. Both additives enhanced deformability proportionally to their concentrations, with SPIa exhibiting notably higher deformability, reaching a maximum deformation of ~ 23% for a RO/SPIa ratio of 25/75. In summary, the study demonstrates the feasibility of producing environmentally friendly blend materials based on RO, tailored for specific applications by incorporating suitable additives into the formulation. Therefore, PCL is recommended for applications susceptible to moisture effects, such as packaging, while SPIa is suggested for highly absorbent applications such as personal care or horticulture.

The incorporation of novel, functional, and sustainable foods in human diets is increasing because of their beneficial effects and environmental-friendly nature. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has proved to be a suitable source of bioactive peptides via enzymatic hydrolysis. These peptides could be responsible for modulating several physiological processes if able to reach the target organ. The bioavailable peptides contained in a hydrolysate obtained with Alcalase, as functional foods, were identified using a transwell system with Caco-2 cell culture as the absorption model. Furthermore, 20 unique peptides with a molecular weight lower than 1000 Da and the higher statistical significance of the peptide-precursor spectrum match (−10 log P) were assessed by in silico tools to suggest which peptides could be those exerting the demonstrated bioactivity. From the characterized peptides, considering the molecular features and the results obtained, the peptides AGDAHWTY, VDAHPIKAM, PNYHPNPR, and ALPPGAVHW are anticipated to be contributing to the antioxidant and/or ACE inhibitor activity of the chia protein hydrolysates.

El presente estudio se enfoca en la dimensión de los biobancos, en cuanto protagonistas de la dimensión de la investigación científica y, en particular, biomédica. En esta óptica, se aborda el tema de la corporalidad informativamente proyectada, que los datos genéticos y de salud almacenados en los biobancos encarnan, a la búsqueda de un Habeas Data capaz de proporcionar repuestas efectivas y una protección adecuada en la era digital y algorítmica. Desde este punto de vista, se analiza el escenario multifacético, innovador y prometedor marco normativo de la Unión Europea, que actualmente lidera el panorama global en la esfera de la protección de los datos, de la inteligencia artificial y de la creación del Espacio Europeo de Datos Sanitarios. Conclusivamente, se sugiere que justamente el marco normativo de la Unión Europea puede representar un válido modelo universal para la gobernanza de los biobancos., This study focuses on biobanks and their crucial role in the field of scientific and, in particular, biomedical research. From this perspective, it tackles the issue of informationally projected corporality, which «embodies» the genetic and health data stored in biobanks, for the purpose of defining a modern Habeas Data, capable of providing effective responses and an adequate protection in the digital and algorithmic era. From this viewpoint, the innovative legal landscape of the European Union is analysed, placing emphasis on its global leadership in the fields of data protection, artificial intelligence and the creation of the European Health Data Space. Conclusively, this study suggests that the legal framework of the European Union may provide a valuable model for the definition of global governance for biobanks.

El presente trabajo aborda la cuestión del Derecho Humano a la salud en relación con colectivos especialmente vulnerables que, con frecuencia, se ven discriminados en el disfrute de sus Derechos Humanos y libertades fundamentales. En este contexto, nos referiremos a la protección jurídica internacional de ámbito universal del derecho a la salud de las personas con discapacidad. Al respecto, se examinará el concepto de colectivos vulnerables para, a continuación, analizar la protección directa e indirecta del derecho a la salud en la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, adoptada por las Naciones Unidas en 2006. ---------- ABSTRACT This paper addresses the issue of the Human Right to health in relation to particularly vulnerable groups that are often discriminated against in the enjoyment of their Human Rights and fundamental freedoms. In this context, we will refer to the universal international legal protection of the right to health of persons with disabilities. To do so, we will examine the concept of vulnerable groups and then we will analyze the direct and indirect protection of the right to health in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations in 2006., This paper addresses the issue of the Human Right to health in relation to particularly vulnerable groups that are often discriminated against in the enjoyment of their Human Rights and fundamental freedoms. In this context, we will refer to the universal international legal protection of the right to health of persons with disabilities. To do so, we will examine the concept of vulnerable groups and then we will analyze the direct and indirect protection of the right to health in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations in 2006.

Este artículo aborda algunas cuestiones que el cambio climático plantea al Derecho internacional. Se centra, en particular, en la solicitud de opinión consultiva presentada por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ) el 29 de marzo de 2023. Esta solicitud se analiza como una manifestación más de la preocupación de la comunidad internacional por aclarar la responsabilidad internacional de los Estados para prevenir, mitigar y remediar los daños causados por el cambio climático. El estudio sostiene que la CIJ podría aclarar las obligaciones derivadas de los tratados existentes. También puede haber una oportunidad particular para que la Corte amplíe su jurisprudencia sobre otras fuentes del Derecho internacional. En concreto, se pregunta si la CIJ podría confirmar la aparición de una norma consuetudinaria específica sobre la cuestión., This paper addresses some questions that climate change raises for international law. It focuses in particular on the request for an advisory opinion submitted by the United Nations General Assembly to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on 29 March 2023. This request is analysed as a further manifestation of the international community’s concern to clarify the international responsibility of states to prevent, mitigate and remedy the damage caused by climate change. The study argues that the ICJ could clarify obligations under existing treaties. There may also be a particular opportunity for the Court to expand its jurisprudence on other sources of international law. In particular, it asks whether the ICJ could confirm the emergence of a specific customary rule on the issue.

Ribosomes are not totally globular machines. Instead, they comprise prominent structural protrusions and a myriad of tentacle-like projections, which are frequently made up of ribosomal RNA expansion segments and N- or C-terminal extensions of ribosomal proteins. This is more evident in higher eukaryotic ribosomes. One of the most characteristic protrusions, present in small ribosomal subunits in all three domains of life, is the so-called beak, which is relevant for the function and regulation of the ribosome’s activities. During evolution, the beak has transitioned from an all ribosomal RNA structure (helix h33 in 16S rRNA) in bacteria, to an arrangement formed by three ribosomal proteins, eS10, eS12 and eS31, and a smaller h33 ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes. In this review, we describe the different structural and functional properties of the eukaryotic beak. We discuss the state-of-the-art concerning its composition and functional significance, including other processes apparently not related to translation, and the dynamics of its assembly in yeast and human cells. Moreover, we outline the current view about the relevance of the beak’s components in human diseases, especially in ribosomopathies and cancer.

Este trabajo analiza el fact-checking a través del proyecto colaborativo Objectif Désinfox durante las elecciones presidenciales francesas de 2022. Un primer objetivo pretende conocer las características de las verificaciones analizadas por la coalición Objectif Désinfox para descubrir cuáles son las principales narrativas verificadas. Un segundo busca proveer la visión de los profesionales sobre estos proyectos. El tercero persigue proponer un decálogo de sugerencias hacia iniciativas de fact-checking colaborativo. Para ello se analizaron las 135 verificaciones de Objectif Désinfox desde el 27 de agosto de 2021 hasta la celebración el 24 de abril de 2022 de la segunda vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales francesas. El estudio combina el análisis de contenido y un cuestionario abierto diseñado exprofeso a los miembros de la coalición para explorar su funcionamiento, fortalezas y debilidades.Los resultados subrayan que la mayoría de las verificaciones corresponden a AFP como impulsor de la coalición. Además evidencian las narrativas preeminentes: teoría del gran reemplazo, Guerra de Ucrania, bulos de campaña sobre candidatos y partidos y elecciones. Las conclusiones destacan que estos proyectos colaborativos son una herramienta fundamental frente a la desinformación. Junto a ello, se recalca la importancia de estandarizar las metodologías de verificación así como la necesidad de consensuar diseños., This paper analyses fact-checking through the collaborative project Objectif Désinfox during the 2022 French presidential elections. The first objective is to find out the characteristics of the verifications analysed by the Objectif Désinfoxcoalition in order to discover which are the main verified narratives. A second seeks to provide practitioners’ views on these projects. The third objective is to propose a decalogue of suggestions for collaborative fact-checking initiatives. For this purpose, we have analysed the 135 Objectif Désinfox verifications from 27 August 2021 until the second round of the French presidential election on 24 April 2022. The study combines content analysis and an open-ended questionnaire designed specifically for coalition members to explore the coalition’s functioning, strengths and weaknesses. The results underline that most of the verifications correspond to AFP as the coalition’s driver. In addition, the findings highlight the pre-eminent narratives: Great Replacement Theory, Ukrainian War, campaign hoaxes about candidates and parties, and elections. The conclusions highlight that these collaborative projects are a fundamental tool in the face of misinformation. Furthermore, the importance of standardising verification methodologies and the need to reach a consensus on designs is stressed.

Genome integrity relies on the accuracy of DNA metabolism, but as appreciated for more than four decades, transcription enhances mutation and recombination frequencies. More recent research provided evidence for a previously unforeseen link between RNA and DNA metabolism, which is often related to the accumulation of DNA–RNA hybrids and R-loops. In addition to physiological roles, R-loops interfere with DNA replication and repair, providing a molecular scenario for the origin of genome instability. Here, we review current knowledge on the multiple RNA factors that prevent or resolve R-loops and consequent transcription–replication conflicts and thus act as modulators of genome dynamics.

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is an internet-of-things technology that facilitates remote patient monitoring and enables medical staff to administer timely treatments. One of the main challenges in designing WBANs is the routing problem, which is complicated due to dynamic changes in network topology and the limited resources of nodes. Several heuristic and metaheuristic methods have been presented to solve the routing problem in WBANs. Although metaheuristics outperform heuristics by producing higher-quality solutions, they cannot respond to real-time requests. This paper introduces a reactive routing protocol for WBANs that combines a fuzzy heuristic with a metaheuristic learning model. It utilizes a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System in conjunction with the Grey Wolf Optimizer (named TSFIS-GWO). The objective is to simultaneously benefit from the advantages of both approaches, namely, the effectiveness of metaheuristics for offline hyperparameter tuning and the quickness of fuzzy heuristics for real-time routing. At every round, the tuned fuzzy system takes multiple parameters of the current state of the nodes and links to construct the multi-hop routing tree under IEEE 802.15.6. To optimize the performance of the protocol for each WBAN, the fuzzy rules of the TSFIS model are automatically adjusted through a learning method based on GWO. This is done in accordance with the specific requirements of the application, and the tuning process takes place once before the protocol is applied. Simulation results in three applications demonstrate that the proposed TSFIS-GWO model is capable of providing real-time solutions while outperforming the existing methods in terms of application-specific performance measures.

DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently gained importance as an epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. Its function in lineages with high levels, such as early-diverging fungi (EDF), is of particular interest. Here, we investigated the biological significance and evolutionary implications of 6mA in EDF, which exhibit divergent evolutionary patterns in 6mA usage. The analysis of two Mucorales species displaying extreme 6mA usage reveals that species with high 6mA levels show symmetric methylation enriched in highly expressed genes. In contrast, species with low 6mA levels show mostly asymmetric 6mA. Interestingly, transcriptomic regulation throughout development and in response to environmental cues is associated with changes in the 6mA landscape. Furthermore, we identify an EDF-specific methyltransferase, likely originated from endosymbiotic bacteria, as responsible for asymmetric methylation, while an MTA-70 methylation complex performs symmetric methylation. The distinct phenotypes observed in the corresponding mutants reinforced the critical role of both types of 6mA in EDF.

Two-neutron halo nuclei, such as 6He, 11Li or 14Be, are known to have a marked (core + n + n) three-body character, which is reflected in breakup, transfer or knockout reactions channels in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Their Borromean nature implies that the correlation between the valence halo neutrons is key to understand their properties, and their structure is also linked to spectra of the unbound core + n systems. Among other phenomena, the role of core collective excitations may be crucial to understand exotic properties such as parity inversion or shell gap quenching in the vicinity of nuclear halos and related systems. In this contribution it is shown that dineutron correlations can be succesfully probed in proton-target knockout reactions, and that core excitation may be an important ingredient for a proper understanding of experimental observations.Two-neutron halo nuclei, such as 6He, 11Li or 14Be, are known to have a marked (core + n + n) three-body character, which is reflected in breakup, transfer or knockout reactions channels in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Their Borromean nature implies that the correlation between the valence halo neutrons is key to understand their properties, and their structure is also linked to spectra of the unbound core + n systems. Among other phenomena, the role of core collective excitations may be crucial to understand exotic properties such as parity inversion or shell gap quenching in the vicinity of nuclear halos and related systems. In this contribution it is shown that dineutron correlations can be succesfully probed in proton-target knockout reactions, and that core excitation may be an important ingredient for a proper understanding of experimental observations.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented psychological effect on young people. The current study aimed to examine the associations between parent-child relationships (parental involvement and parental warmth) and, depression, anxiety, stress and flourishing during emerging adulthood in Spain before (2015) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. The research compares 2828 emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 years from two different cohorts. Every cohort was comprised for two samples. Sample 1-Cohort 1 and Sample 1-Cohort 2 were collected at U. Osuna and Sample2-Cohort 1 and Sample 2-Cohort 2 were collected at U. Sevilla. Regarding the Sample 1-Cohort 2 was recruited in spring 2020, before the lockdown and Sample 2-Cohort 2 on autumn 2020 during Covid crisis. In the Cohort 1 participants were 1301 emerging adults (59.1% women, 40.9% men; M = 20.06, SD = 2.03) and Cohort 2 participants were 1527 emerging adults (64% women, 35.4% men and 0.6% others; M = 20.48, SD = 2.48). Result showed stability in family relationships variables between 2015 and 2020 pre-pandemic sample (both samples 1) but a decrease in parental involvement and parental warmth between 2015 and 2020 covid-19 sample (samples 2). Parental involvement and parental warmth showed negative and significantly associations with depression, anxiety and stress and positive one with flourishing for both cohorts. Furthermore, the associations between parent-child variables and depression, anxiety, stress and flourishing were generally stronger in Cohort2 (2020) than in Cohort1 (2015), both for Samples 1 and Samples 2. These findings revealed that high-quality parent-child relations continued to be a protective factor against mental illness among emerging adults even under adverse conditions as those experienced during COVID-19 pandemic when family relationships is deteriorated. It is necessary to develop psychological interventions aimed at fostering the protecting role of family to promote the eme

Los profundos cambios experimentados desde finales del siglo XX en las sociedades industrializadas han tenido enormes consecuencias para la población. Una de estas consecuencias es el retraso de las personas jóvenes en la asunción de roles adultos. Esto ha provocado el surgimiento de una nueva etapa en el desarrollo: la adultez emergente (Arnett, 2000), una etapa, entre los 19 y los 29 años, en la que los y las jóvenes ya no son adolescentes pero tampoco pueden considerarse personas adultas. El primer estudio sobre la adultez emergente como nueva etapa evolutiva en España fue Transición a la adultez en España: estudio sobre las claves del ajuste psicosocial y fundamentos para su intervención preventiva (Proyecto TAE; Código: EDU2013-45687-R). El proyecto Estudio longitudinal secuencial sobre la transición a la adultez en España (TAE-II) es la continuación de dicho proyecto, y será llevado a cabo por su mismo equipo de investigación, continuando con el asesoramiento de Jeffrey Arnett. El objetivo general del TAE-II es profundizar con metodología longitudinal secuencial en las variables que promueven el ajuste psicosocial de los y las jóvenes y su capacidad de adaptación al entorno, con el fin último de apoyar, en base a la evidencia empírica, políticas de intervención que optimicen el desarrollo durante estos años. Este objetivo general se divide en cinco objetivos específicos y dos de carácter transversal: continuar profundizando en la comprensión de la etapa evolutiva de la adultez emergente; explicar las variables que predicen el bienestar personal; analizar las variables que contribuyen a entender la calidad de las relaciones que se establecen durante estos años; conocer qué variables contribuyen al ajuste social de los y las jóvenes; y sensibilizar a la opinión pública sobre las características de esta nueva etapa, sobre las necesidades de nuestros y nuestras jóvenes y sus potencialidades y recursos. Los objetivos transversales hacen referencia de un lado, a ana, The dataset is a SPSS database (.sav) containing scores of university students from Seville and the Basque Country. It collects data related to sociodemographic variables and indicators of Flourishing, Social support, Resilience, Emotional intelligence, Romantic Relationships, Family Relationships, Sexism, Identity, Social Participation, Substance Use, Employability, Psychological Distress, Well-being measured over two times period and one cohort.

Replacing homogeneous catalytic processes by heterogeneous routes based on the utilization of solid catalysts is of great interest from an environmental point of view. Owing to their genuine pore structure, zeolites such as mordenites (MOR) have emerged as game-changing materials to enable the heterogenization of catalytic processes including methanol carbonylation. Cu-exchange zeolites take the edge over pristine zeolites, leading to enhanced catalytic performance in terms of greater activity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, the overall catalytic activity and stability can be modulated upon controlling the environment and location of copper active sites in zeolites. In this study, Cu-exchanged mordenites were strategically synthesized to investigate the role of Cu location inside of MOR cavities under working conditions by means of in situ/operando infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. The results obtained revealed that a major proportion of Cu in the MR-8 cavities notably enhances the activity and stability of the catalyst. This study provides crucial insights for fine-tuning zeolite catalysts to achieve the heterogenization of homogeneous carbonylation processes.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las asociaciones de las relaciones familiares (implicación parental y apoyo de la autonomía) y los ingresos familiares con el florecimiento durante la adultez emergente. Este objetivo se analizó desde una perspectiva longitudinal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 400 jóvenes (n = 132 hombres, 268 mujeres en T1; n = 132 hombres, 266 mujeres en T2) de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 29 años (M = 20.31, DT = 2.04 en T1; M = 23.66, DT = 2.08 en T2) que participaron en el Proyecto Transición a la Adultez en España (TAE). Los resultados indicaron que existe una asociación significativa y positiva entre florecimiento en T2 y las variables familiares (implicación parental y apoyo de la autonomía) analizadas en T1. Asimismo, los resultados indicaron que la implicación parental en los años iniciales de este periodo (T1) juega un rol predictor en el florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes durante los años intermedios de la etapa (T2) y también predice el cambio en el florecimiento entre los dos tiempos analizados (T1 y T2). Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que los ingresos familiares y el apoyo de la autonomía en los años intermedios de la adultez emergente (T2) son variables predictoras del florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes en esos mismos años (T2). El presente estudio presenta un trabajo longitudinal escasos en países como España. Nuestros resultados ofrecen un punto de partida acerca de cómo promocionar el florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes y comprender las relaciones parento-filiales teniendo en cuenta el papel que desempeña la situación económica de las familias durante esta etapa de desarrollo en el territorio español

Background The increasing incidence of coeliac disease is leading to a growing interest in active search for associated factors, even the intrauterine and early life. The exposome approach to disease encompasses a life course perspective from conception onwards has recently been highlighted. Knowledge of early exposure to gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in utero could challenge the chronology of early prenatal tolerance or inflammation, rather than after the infant’s solid diet after birth. Methods We developed an accurate and specific immunoassay to detect GIP in amniotic fluid (AF) and studied their accumulates, excretion dynamics and foetal exposure resulting from AF swallowing. One hundred twenty-five pregnant women with different gluten diets and gestational ages were recruited. Results GIP were detectable in AF from at least the 16th gestational week in gluten-consuming women. Although no significant differences in GIP levels were observed during gestation, amniotic GIP late pregnancy was not altered by maternal fasting, suggesting closed-loop entailing foetal swallowing of GIP-containing AF and subsequent excretion via the foetal kidneys. Conclusions The study shows evidence, for the first time, of the foetal exposure to gluten immunogenic peptides and establishes a positive correlation with maternal gluten intake. The results obtained point to a novel physiological concept as they describe a plausible closed-loop circuit entailing foetal swallowing of GIP contained in AF and its subsequent excretion through the foetal kidneys. The study adds important new information to understanding the coeliac exposome.

Lithium silicate-based glass-ceramics are widely employed dental materials, showing superior aesthetics (determined by translucency) but poorer wear resistance under severe contact conditions than alternative, artificial crown materials. This work investigates possible correlations between the level of translucency and resistance to wear (in vitro) under sliding contact against hard zirconia antagonists in commercial lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate dental glass-ceramics. Wear rates are quantified, and mechanisms responsible for material removal are analyzed. Results are discussed in terms of the materials’ microstructure and mechanical properties within the framework of a fracture mechanics model. Finally, implications for materials selection in dentistry are briefly discussed., Los vitrocerámicos a base de silicato de litio son ampliamente utilizados como materiales dentales, debido a que presentan una mejor estética (determinada por su traslucidez), aunque peor resistencia a desgaste bajo condiciones de contacto severo, que los materiales artificiales alternativos para coronas protésicas. Este trabajo investiga posibles correlaciones entre el grado de traslucidez y la resistencia a desgaste (in vitro) bajo contacto deslizante contra un antagonista duro de zirconia en vitrocerámicos dentales comerciales de disilicato de litio y silicato de litio reforzado con zirconia. Se cuantifican las tasas de desgaste y se analizan los mecanismos responsables de la eliminación de material. Los resultados se discuten con base en la microestructura y propiedades mecánicas de los materiales en el marco de un modelo de mecánica de la fractura. Finalmente, se discuten brevemente algunas implicaciones relativas a la selección de materiales en odontología.

The volume average of the constituting properties of a textured polycrystalline aggregate (the Voigt average) provides a simple way to estimate the effective properties of such an aggregate in terms of its crystallographic symmetry, texture symmetry, and the properties of the constituting crystallites. Despite the interest in estimate or characterizing flexoelectric properties, few studies have addressed the problem of finding effective flexoelectric properties from the continuum phases of the constituents. Instead, most of them focus on single-crystals at the atomic level. This study provides, for the first time, closed-form expressions that allow the direct flexoelectric coefficients to be computed for textured polycrystalline dielectrics. Crystallites can belong to any class of cubic symmetry or to the tetragonal TI Laue group, while no restriction is imposed on texture symmetry. These expressions are reduced to very simple ones when cubic crystallites with fiber texture are considered. The proposed formulation provides information on the matrix structure of the homogenized material related to the crystallographic symmetry and texture. We close with some illustrative examples.

Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein mainly involved in maintaining the stability and controlling the translation of mRNAs, critical for immune response, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. Although HuR is a nuclear protein, its mRNA translational-related function occurs at the cytoplasm, where the oligomeric form of HuR is more abundant. However, the regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of HuR and its connection with protein oligomerization remain unclear. In this work, we describe the phosphorylation of Tyr5 as a new hallmark for HuR activation. Our biophysical, structural and computational assays using phosphorylated and phosphomimetic HuR proteins demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr5 at the disordered N-end stretch induces global changes on HuR dynamics and conformation, modifying the solvent accessible surface of the HuR nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (HNS) sequence and releasing regions implicated in HuR dimerization. These findings explain the preferential cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated HuR in HeLa cells, aiding to comprehend the mechanisms underlying HuR nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling and its later dimerization, both of which are relevant in HuR-related pathogenesis.

Las redes sociales han facilitado que individuos alejados geográficamente, pero con intereses comunes, puedan con-formarse como grupo, al tiempo que han contribuido a que ideas minoritarias o más extremas tengan cabida en la agenda mediática. Como contrapartida, han fomentado la aparición de ciertos fenómenos considerados nocivos para la esfera pública. Este es el caso de las cámaras de eco y los filtros burbuja, que conducirían a una retroalimentación de la visión propia, incrementando la polarización y fomentando la radicalización de posturas. No obstante, por mucho que se cierren los grupos, siempre habrá espacios en los que las personas tendrán que enfrentarse a voces contrarias, incluso aunque hagan uso de la exposición selectiva o el sesgo confirmatorio. Por otra parte, estos fenómenos pueden tener también efectos positivos, sirviendo como espacios de deliberación y empoderamiento de grupos y posturas marginalizados en la esfera mediática. El presente trabajo acude a las teorías de los efectos mediáticos, la acción colectiva o la democracia deliberativa para tratar de ilustrar y alimentar el complejo debate sobre estos fenómenos y sus posibles efectos, tanto negativos como positivos, en los procesos de deliberación ciudadana y la conformación de la opinión pública., Social media has facilitated the formation of groups by geographically distant individuals with common interests, concurrently contributing to the prominence of minority or more extreme ideas in the media agenda. Conversely, they have fostered the emergence of certain phenomena deemed detrimental to the public sphere. This is the case with echo chambers and filter bubbles, which may lead to a reinforcement of one’s own perspective, intensifying polarization, and promoting the radicalization of stances. However, even as groups close in, there will always be spaces where individuals confront opposing voices, even if they engage in selective exposure or confirmatory bias. Moreover, these phenomena can also have positive effects, serving as spaces for deliberation and empowerment of marginalized groups and positions in the media sphere. This paper draws on theories of media effects, collective action, and deliberative democracy to illustrate and contribute to the complex debate on these phenomena and their potential effects, both negative and positive, on citizen deliberation processes and the formation of public opinion., As redes sociais têm facilitado a formação de grupos por indivíduos geograficamente distantes, mas com interesses comuns, ao mesmo tempo que contribuíram para que ideias minoritárias ou mais extremas tenham destaque na agenda midiática. Por outro lado, elas têm fomentado o surgimento de certos fenômenos considerados prejudiciais para a esfera pública. Este é o caso das câmaras de eco e das bolhas de filtro, que podem levar a uma retroalimentação da própria visão, intensificando a polarização e promovendo a radicalização de posturas. No entanto, mesmo quando os grupos se fecham, sempre haverá espaços nos quais as pessoas terão que enfrentar vozes contrárias, mesmo que recorram à exposição seletiva ou ao viés confirmatório. Além disso, esses fenômenos também podem ter efeitos positivos, servindo como espaços de deliberação e empoderamento de grupos e posições marginalizadas na esfera midiática. Este trabalho recorre a teorias dos efeitos midiáticos, da ação coletiva e da democracia deliberativa para ilustrar e contribuir para o debate complexo sobre esses fenômenos e seus possíveis efeitos, tanto negativos quanto positivos, nos processos de deliberação cidadã e na formação da opinião pública.

The "time-and-band limiting" commutative property was found and exploited by D. Slepian, H. Landau and H. Pollak at Bell Labs in the 1960's, and independently by M. Mehta and later by C. Tracy and H. Widom in Random matrix theory. The property in question is the existence of local operators with simple spectrum that commute with naturally appearing global ones. Here we give a general result that insures the existence of a commuting differential operator for a given family of exceptional orthogonal polynomials satisfying the "bispectral property". As a main tool we go beyond bispectrality and make use of the notion of Fourier Algebras associated to the given sequence of exceptional polynomials. We illustrate this result with two examples, of Hermite and Laguerre type, exhibiting also a nice Perline's form for the commuting differential operator.

Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are associated with pediatric neurological disorders and are traditionally related to oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) defects in neurons. Interestingly, both PMD mouse models and patients with PMD show gliosis, and pharmacological depletion of microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, ameliorates multiple symptoms in a mouse model. Given that microglia activation correlates with the expression of OXPHOS genes, we studied whether OXPHOS deficits in microglia may contribute to PMDs. We first observed that the metabolic rewiring associated with microglia stimulation in vitro (via IL-33 or TAU treatment) was partially changed by complex I (CI) inhibition (via rotenone treatment). In vivo, we generated a mouse model deficient for CI activity in microglia (MGcCI). MGcCI microglia showed metabolic rewiring and gradual transcriptional activation, which led to hypertrophy and dysfunction in juvenile (1-month-old) and adult (3-month-old) stages, respectively. MGcCI mice presented widespread reactive astrocytes, a decrease of synaptic markers accompanied by an increased number of parvalbumin neurons, a behavioral deficit characterized by prolonged periods of immobility, loss of weight and premature death that was partially rescued by pharmacologic depletion of microglia. Our data demonstrate that microglia development depends on mitochondrial CI and suggest a direct microglial contribution to PMDs.

Emerging adulthood is a particularly vulnerable period with higher rates of health-related symptoms and mental disorders. The main aim of the present study was to explore the depression, anxiety and stress levels in a sample of Spanish emerging adults from a longitudinal perspective and taking gender differences into account. The analysis was conducted at two different moments in 2015 (W1) and three years later in 2018 (W2). Participants were Spanish emerging adults (n = 132 men, 268 women at W1; n = 132 men, 266 women at W2) aged between 18 and 29 years (M = 20.31, SD = 2.04 at W1; M = 23.66, SD = 2.08 at W2) participated in the TAE (Transición a la Adultez en España) research project. The validated Spanish version of the DASS-21 was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress levels. Results indicated continuity (mean-level) and high stability (rank-order) in depression, anxiety and stress levels during the initial and intermediate years of emerging adulthood without gender moderation. Results also indicated that there are no differences in depression and anxiety between men and women in both W1 and W2 but women reported higher levels of stress than men specially at W2. The findings highlight that it is crucial to take steps to mitigate the internal symptoms suffered by emerging adults and, particularly, stress suffered by emerging adult women. In this sense, these findings underline that it is crucial that more comprehensive public services and policies are provided to support emerging adults with mental health concerns based on empirical knowledge.

El presente trabajo aborda el compromiso manifestado por algunas Administraciones públicas en promover la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático y la transición hacía un nuevo modelo energéticoa través de la contratación pública. En esta eclosión de objetivos, cobra especial significación la inclusión de criterios de reducción del consumo de energía mediante el fomento del uso de energías renovablesen los contratos de suministro de electricidad –que, en rigor, son en los que más encaje tienen–, o criterios de eficacia energética en los edificios públicosentre las condiciones administrativas particulares de la contratación. Para ello, tanto la legislación climática como los programas de actuación sectoriales juegan un papel determinante, El present treball aborda el compromís manifestat per algunes Administracions públiques a promoure l'adaptació i mitigació al canvi climàtic i la transició feia un nou model energètic a través de la contractació pública. En aquesta eclosió d'objectius, cobra especial significació la inclusió de criteris de reducció del consum d'energia mitjançant el foment de l'ús d'energies renovables en els contractes de subministrament d'electricitat –que, en rigor, són en els quals més encaix tenen–, o criteris d'eficàcia energètica en els edificis públics entre les condicions administratives particulars de la contractació. Per a això, tant la legislació climàtica com els programes d'actuació sectorials juguen un paper determinant., This paper addresses the commitment shown by some public administrations to promote climate change adaptation and mitigation and the transition to a new energy model through public procurement. In this outbreak of objectives, the inclusion of criteria to reduce energy consumption by promoting the use of renewable energies in electricity supply contracts -which, strictly speaking, are the most appropriate-, or energy efficiency criteria in public buildings among the specific administrative conditions of the contract, is of particular significance. To this end, both climate legislation and sectoral action programmes play a decisive role

Radiative cooling has proven to be a useful tool to address the problems of lack of comfort and excessive energy consumption in situations of high temperatures, overheating and heat waves. Likewise, incorporating courtyards in warm climate zones has been found to be highly beneficial in addressing similar challenges. Hence, there is interest in analyzing the combined effects of both: radiative cooling and courtyards. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the application of radiative cooling on a courtyard using a comprehensive simulation approach that includes a CFD model for the thermodynamic airflow in the adjacent roofs and inside the courtyard, equations for the transient heat conduction through roofs, walls and courtyard slabs, and a hybrid raytracing-radiosity model for the evaluation of the solar radiation reaching the building surfaces and its reflections, both of specular and diffuse origin, and for the calculation of the thermal radiation exchange, especially with the sky. The results show that in the hot season, the courtyard with radiative cooling always provides lower temperatures than the initial courtyard does, with a temperature range of 18.33 °C to 33.78 °C, compared to a range of 19.32 °C to 38.00 °C in the initial courtyard, and producing a greater difference with outdoor temperatures that can reach 12 °C versus 8 °C for the reference case. In addition, it was found that the courtyard with radiative cooling is able to significantly reduce the observed nighttime overheating by providing lower temperatures than the outdoor temperatures in the 50% of the nights studied. It was also found that the thermal loads to achieve indoor thermal comfort in the spaces adjacent to the courtyard were reduced by 63.46% to 69.85%.

Ventilated facades are an effective passive measure to improve the energy performance of buildings in warm and temperate climates such as the Mediterranean. However, although in the Mediterranean sociocultural context the use of windows is widespread, there is a lack of energy analysis of ventilated facades in combination with windows. This is due to the lack of accurate simulation tools to evaluate the energy performance of this combination because of its complex thermodynamics, which, among other issues, requires three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic tools. In this work, a parametric energy analysis of the design parameters of a ventilated façade with window openings has been performed using a three-dimensional numerical model developed by the authors that combines turbulent Navier–Stokes thermodynamic equations for air with a set of differential equations for the envelope temperatures. The results of the analysis showed the potential of the opaque ventilated façade (OVF) with windows when applied to the rehabilitation of energetically obsolete facades, achieving a remarkable reduction in heat flux with respect to these facades, a reduction that reaches 32% for the yearly heat flux when using the optimal configuration found.

The aim of this study was to analyze identity construction regarding caregiving amongst Senegalese women in diaspora, and to identify what challenges and negotiations they face in their caregiving practices. We conducted semistructured interviews with seven women of Senegalese origin who live in Andalusia, southern Spain. We conducted voice and I-position analysis, which highlighted power inequalities and was sensitive to the dynamic and dialogical acculturation process. The findings showed an identity reconstruction process from caregiving in the cultural context of their home country—where caregiving has a strong collectivist component with mutual support networks, especially in child raising and motherhood, as well as intergenerational respect and caregiving relationships—to a more individualistic host cultural context, where motherhood is more isolated and solitary. Diasporic Senegalese women have also lost their support networks and are overburdened by caregiving work, problems of conciliation between paid work and childcare needs, loss of social status as mothers and as adults, and racism. In such situations, their resilience strategies position them as responsible mothers, maintaining the values of their home culture and developing new strategies for searching information and support.

Applying amplitude modulations to a parametrically excited damped pendulum is shown to be a reliable method to control (suppress or enhance) its chaotic behaviour. Analytical (Melnikov analysis) and numerical (Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams) results show an effective control scenario for a wide range of resonances between the two excitations implicated. Different routes of regularization as the chaos-controlling parameters vary are identified, including period-doubling and crises. The method’s effectiveness at suppressing spatiotemporal chaos of starlike networks of sinusoidally coupled chaotic pendula is demonstrated where effective regularization is obtained under localized control on an increasing number of pendula.

In this work, the obtaining of amorphized ferromagnetic particles by mechanical milling has been studied. For this purpose, the compositions Fe₇₈Si₂₂ and Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ have been studied and the results have been compared in order to determine the best characteristics achieved with this technique. The behavior has been studied when other elements are introduced to iron, which is the main base material for the manufacture of magnetic cores, the target of these amorphized particles. This mechanical alloying technique is an ideal alternative technique to the conventional obtaining of these particles due to the particular way in which amorphization is achieved by extremely severe deformation of the structure. A study encompassing different alloying conditions, for each of the compositions studied, has been carried out and measured by X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM techniques and granulometry to compare their morphology and different characteristics. The milling hours studied vary from 60 to 200 h of alloying, dry, resulting in the best nanocrystalline-amorphous characteristics at around 100 h of milling. The alloy of composition Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃, which is one of the Metglas compositions, turns out to have the best characteristics, reaching a high amorphous-nanocrystalline character.

We propose fully-distributed algorithms for Nash equilibrium seeking in aggregative games over networks. We first consider the case where local constraints are present and we design an algorithm combining, for each agent, (i) the projected pseudo-gradient descent and (ii) a tracking mechanism to locally reconstruct the aggregative variable. To handle coupling constraints arising in generalized settings, we propose another distributed algorithm based on (i) a recently emerged augmented primal-dual scheme and (ii) two tracking mechanisms to reconstruct, for each agent, both the aggregative variable and the coupling constraint satisfaction. Leveraging tools from singular perturbations analysis, we prove linear convergence to the Nash equilibrium for both schemes. Finally, we run extensive numerical simulations to confirm the effectiveness of our methods and compare them with state-of-the-art distributed equilibrium-seeking algorithms.

Los profundos cambios sociales surgidos en los países occidentales en las últimas décadas han retrasado la adquisición de los roles adultos, e hitos que generaciones anteriores alcanzaban en la década de los 20, se adquieren ahora cerca de los 29. Así, ha surgido un nuevo periodo evolutivo denominado adultez emergente, que transcurre entre los 18 y los 30 años, que tiene características únicas y distintivas y que exige un análisis profundo y singular. Los proyectos de investigación Transición a la Adultez en España TAE I y TAE II o, lo que es lo mismo, La Transición a la Adultez en España: Estudio Sobre las Claves del Ajuste Psicosocial y Fundamentos para su Intervención Preventiva (EDU201345687-R; Estudio Longitudinal Secuencial Sobre la Transición a la Adultez en España (RTI2018-097405-B-I00); y Factores de Riesgo y Protección en la Adultez Emergente. Un estudio longitudinal-secuencial (PROYEXCEL_00766) han supuesto un primer acercamiento en nuestro país al estudio del desarrollo de las personas durante su adultez emergente, paliando la ausencia de investigaciones en España que, desde un punto de vista psicológico, estudiaran esta etapa. Los proyectos TAE tienen como objetivo principal la identificación de los factores de riesgo y protección que intervienen en el desarrollo de las personas jóvenes desde una perspectiva de género. En concreto esta Base de Datos contiene aquellos utilizados en el artículo que se reseña más adelante, y hace referencia a variables de funcionamiento familiar y de ajuste personal. En este artículo se seleccionó a la muestra de la provincia de Sevilla y se comparó a quienes estudian en la US y quienes lo hacen en la EU Osuna. Así pudimos comparar a el estudiantado de Osuna, que realizó la recogida de datos de 2020 ANTES de que se decretara la pandemia y el confinamiento con el estudiantado de Osuna de 2015 y el de la US de 2020, cuyos datos se recogieron en otoño de 2020, tras confinamiento y EN PLENA pandemia con sus homólogos de 2015.

When proposing the most suitable strategies for retrofitting the residential stock it is essential to consider energy vulnerability, the current state of stock, users’ economic capacity and climate. This work analyses energy vulnerability on regional and neighbourhood scale, applied to the social housing stock in southern Spain. Three key vulnerability indicators are assessed through extensive public databases and validated parametric energy simulation models: 1) buildings energy performance, based on simulated indoor thermal comfort; 2) users’ socio-economic vulnerability, based on their income levels; and 3) climate influence, implementing future climate data into the simulations. The different energy vulnerability levels identified in the research are of great interest for retrofitting the existing stock as they help establish priority action guidelines. It is concluded that social housing in Andalusia currently exhibits a noticeable level of energy vulnerability in winter, with a greater severity of undercooling compared to overheating. In 2050, overheating in summer will significantly worsen, generally surpassing cooling. Despite of the Mediterranean climate, there are noticeable comfort differences between the cities analysed, with Cordoba and Granada being particularly relevant. Finally, a worse thermal performance in winter of the H-block typology was observed, which in summer occur for the linear block buildings.

La Base de datos es la utilizada para el artículo que se reseña más adelante. En concreto, estos datos se recogieron en 2020 bajo la financiación de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (Estudio Longitudinal Secuencial Sobre la Transición a la Adultez en España RTI2018-097405-B-I00) en un proyecto que es continuación del financiado previamente (La Transición a la Adultez en España: Estudio Sobre las Claves del Ajuste Psicosocial y Fundamentos para su Intervención Preventiva; EDU201345687-R). Ambos proyectos, que denominamos bajo el acrónimo TAE (Transición a la Adultez en España) tienen como objetivo profundizar en las variables que promueven el ajuste psicosocial de los y las jóvenes y su capacidad de adaptación al entorno, con el fin último de apoyar, en base a la evidencia empírica, políticas de intervención que optimicen el desarrollo durante estos años. En concreto esta base de datos aporta datos que fueron recogidos a través de cuestionarios que se realizaron a estudiantes universitarios y de FP. Debido a la situación de pandemia algunos se obtuvieron de forma presencial y otros a través de una aplicación web., The dataset is a SPSS database (.sav) containing scores of university students from Seville and the Basque Country and students engaged in intermediate and higher level VET. It collects data related to sociodemographic variables and indicators of Self-perceived employability and Precarious employment measured over one time period and one cohort.

A substantial fraction of systematic uncertainties in neutrino oscillation experiments stem from the lack of precision in modeling the nuclear target in neutrino-nucleus interactions. Whilst this has driven significant progress in the development of improved nuclear models for neutrino scattering, it is crucial that the models used in neutrino data analyses be accompanied by parameters and associated uncertainties that allow the coverage of plausible nuclear physics. Based on constraints from electron scattering data, we propose such a set of parameters, which can be applied to nuclear shell models, and test their application to the Benhar et al. [Nucl. Phys. A579, 493 (1994)] spectral function model. The parametrization is validated through a series of maximum likelihood fits to cross section measurements made by the T2K and MINERvA experiments, which also permit an exploration of the power of near-detector data to provide constraints on the parameters in neutrino oscillation analyses.

Social heritage housing in Mediterranean historic cities is particularly vulnerable to climate change hazards as protection policies lead to its exclusion from energy retrofitting programmes, leaving their residents - at higher risk of fuel poverty and the heat-island effect – defenceless. Increasingly frequent heatwaves can potentially produce “overheating” in these buildings, a thermal state that impedes people's comfort with harmful consequences to their health. Other indoor air quality factors, like humidity and CO₂ levels, also affect residents' health. The objective of this research is to evaluate the actual indoor environmental quality of three occupied dwellings in social buildings of high heritage value located in two historic cities in Andalusia (Spain) during the extreme heat events that occurred in 2022. A monitoring campaign was conducted and the data collected over the summer was analysed and evaluated using existing metrics. Our results show that the CO2 concentration rates generally remained below the upper limit of 1000 ppm in all cases, probably due to the high air infiltration rates measured (5.83 h−1, 4.39 h−1 and 14.65 h−1). On the contrary, the relative humidity rates were outside the acceptable range (45–60 %) for 90 % of the occupied hours in all cases. In the warmest city, overheating was continuous and severe in all rooms, according to the metric adopted (CIBSE standards TM52 and TM59 under the adaptive thermal comfort model). The situation was particularly critical in the free-running bedroom, but the overheating index values in the living rooms, where air conditioning was installed and used about 50 % of the occupied time, also deviated significantly from the acceptable limits.

During emerging adulthood, family relationships remain salient. This study examined, from a gender perspective, continuity/discontinuity and stability/instability in family relationships, in a two-time repeated-measures study with Spanish emerging adult college students. It also analyzed the implications of the quality of parent–child relationships for emerging adults’ psychological distress. A sample of 400 Spanish college students aged between 18 and 29 years was followed across two time points (M = 20.31 and SD = 2.04 at Time 1; M = 23.66 and SD = 2.08 at Time 2), completing a self-report measure of parenting behaviors and psychological distress. Results indicated continuity in family social support, parental autonomy support, and psychological control; however, they also revealed discontinuity, with parental warmth, parental involvement, and behavioral control decreasing over time. Results also indicated high rank-order stability in family relationships, seen globally. Regression analyses showed that, only for men, parental involvement at T1 consistently predicted psychological distress at T2, as well as changes in psychological distress between T1 and T2. This study provides data supporting the idea that both change and continuity exist in family relationships. It also expands on the scarce research focused on this developmental context during emerging adulthood in Spain and provides support for designing preventive parenting interventions.

The circular economy (CE) strategies in energy communities enable firms to efficiently manage the excess of photovoltaic energy they produce, and thereby enhance their sustainability. Thus, the present research aims to compare the economic and financial profitability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shared photovoltaic self-consumption versus individual self-consumption in the region of Extremadura (Spain). Six firms with complementary energy profiles were selected, analyzing their hourly energy consumption. In addition, the Monte Carlo method was used to generate 30,000 simulations, reducing the uncertainty caused by the variability of the firms' energy consumption. The results show that collective generation covers the energy needs more efficiently, reducing the cost of energy consumed by 14.38% and generating better cost–benefit ratio. They also show that the CE strategy of the energy community allows firms to obtain a considerable reduction of GHG emissions associated with the photovoltaic energy consumed.

The web application SingSol offers a user-friendly and versatile tool for researchers and engineers that need to determine the singularity exponents and the singular stress and displacement fields in multi-material linear elastic corners with homogeneous boundary conditions. It covers a wide range of configurations, involving homogeneous wedges and various boundary conditions, including perfect bonding or frictionless sliding interfaces between wedges in the corner. The theoretical framework of this powerful tool considers power-law stress singularities, and is based on the Stroh formalism of anisotropic elasticity, assuming generalized plane strain conditions (2.5D), and the concept of transfer matrix for single material wedges, along with the matrix formalism for homogeneous (orthogonal) boundary conditions. This approach is well suited for computational implementations, being particularly efficient in scenarios involving multiple perfectly bonded homogeneous wedges. The fully semi-analytical nature of this tool provides its very high accuracy. SingSol comprises a graphical user interface (GUI) and a Python-based back-end code hosted on the server of the research group. It incorporates and solves limitations found in other currently available codes, providing a flexible solution for isotropic and anisotropic materials while supporting various boundary and interface conditions.

The multifunctionality of agricultural and livestock systems is a pivotal attribute that should be considered when formulating rural policies, as it serves as a significant source of income for those managing these systems in their respective areas. The objective of this work was to quantify the farm-level multifunctionality of extensive livestock systems with local meat breeds (cattle, sheep and goats) in Andalusia (southern Spain). The study focused on three autochthonous breeds located in southern Spain: (i) the Pajuna cattle breed; (ii) the Negra Serrana goat breed; and (iii) the Lojeña sheep breed. To assess multifunctionality in Andalusian systems, four aggregated function scores based on farm characteristics and activities were identified and evaluated: (i) production function; (ii) residence function; (iii) habitat and biodiversity function; and (iv) recreational, cultural and educational function. The farm data supporting these indicators were derived from personal interviews conducted with a total of 40 farmers. The total multifunctionality index was significantly higher for Lojeña sheep compared with Pajuna cattle and Negra Serrana goats. Across each breed, scores varied significantly for individual functions and indicators, highlighting the complexity and diversity inherent in each system. Based on the results obtained, a series of specific changes are deemed necessary to enhance the multifunctionality of the farms that specialize in the three breeds studied: (i) ensuring food self-sufficiency by promoting local opportunities; (ii) advocating for equal participation and active involvement of spouses in farm work; (iii) establishing optimal pasture management practices; (iv) fostering the development of activities related to livestock farming that contribute to ecotourism or rural tourism; (v) aligning local livestock farming practices with tasks related to forest fire prevention; and (vi) encouraging the participation of livestock farmers in training fut

Las sierras Béticas, con una extensión inferior al 8% de la Península ibérica, contienen el 45% de su flora. Hay casos como el de Sierra Nevada, que representando sólo el 0,4% de la superficie peninsular, contiene el 25% de su flora, alcanzando en las cumbres un 30-40% de endemismos. Con una aproximación multidisciplinar, abordamos la dimensión de la diversidad biológica que albergan, los mecanismos y procesos que la han originado y sustentado y qué amenazas afectan a esta concentración regional tan elevada de biodiversidad., The Betic ranges, with an area of less than 8% of the Iberian Peninsula, contain 45% of its flora. There are cases such as the Sierra Nevada range, which represents only 0.4% of the peninsular surface but contains 25% of its flora, reaching 30-40% endemism in the summits. With a multidisciplinary approach, we address the dimension of the biological diversity they host, the mechanisms and processes that originated and sustained it, and the threats affecting this biodiversity hotspot.

The negative interaction between multiple invasive species, when an invasive predator benefits from a previously introduced and abundant prey, poses unanticipated challenges for the joint management of invaders. To illustrate this question, we describe the surge and collapse of the invasive apple snail Pomacea maculata population before and after the arrival of the invasive blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, in the Ebro River (NE Spain). These two invaders have coincided for the first time beyond their respective native and prior invasive ranges, and thus lack any previous shared eco-evolutionary history facilitating coexistence. We leverage data from a 9-year apple snail removal programme (2014–2022) conducted by authorities to evaluate the effectiveness of the management programme and describe the apple snail temporal dynamics in the Ebro River. Since its arrival in 2013, the apple snail population increased exponentially along the river and adjacent rice-fields despite labour-intensive eradication efforts. Unexpectedly, riverine populations of the apple snail declined by 90% in 2018 relative to the prior year without apparent association with previous management efforts. Simultaneously, the blue crab was first recorded in the Ebro River in 2018, and its distribution rapidly overlapped the whole area invaded by apple snails. We suggest that over-predation by the blue crab is the main cause of the decline observed in the apple snail, and discuss the implications of this new invader-invader interaction for management. This study underscores the unforeseen consequences of subsequent waves of invasion, and the importance of supporting management with a deeper understanding of ecological interactions among invasive predator and prey species., invader interaction

This work introduces a micromechanical semi-analytical model to estimate piezoresistive constants in 3D-printable short-fiber composites, extending the Mori–Tanaka scheme with two innovative components. Firstly, the model incorporates non-affine reorientation of fibers, controlled by a parameter , which significantly impacts texture coefficients. This parameter introduces an additional layer of complexity, modifying texture coefficients beyond traditional affine fiber reorientations. Observational data illustrate a linear relationship between piezoresistivities and , leading to the development of a statistical model that calculates based on the fiber aspect ratio. Secondly, the model accounts for preferential fiber orientation in the undeformed state, resulting in an orthotropic material model. This anisotropy is quantified using an Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) derived from X-ray scans, which is parameterized to maintain symmetry across three orthogonal planes. Initial investigations indicate that the inherent anisotropy introduced by the printing process substantially affects the initial resistivity of 3D-printed composites. Utilizing a Gaussian transversely isotropic model, we find that neglecting this anisotropy could lead to significant errors in understanding and predicting piezoresistive behavior. The model’s incorporation into advanced nanocomposite frameworks offers preliminary reconciliation with experimental data. Additionally, our results emphasize the necessity to refine wavy fiber models by incorporating non-affine rotations, particularly crucial for fibers with small aspect ratios, thereby enhancing predictive accuracy. The findings lay a robust foundation for future research, emphasizing the need for comprehensive experimental validation and setting the stage for nuanced applications in piezoresistive composite materials

The aim was to explore potential explanatory factors for the three dimensions of willingness to intervene in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women: police or personal involvement and noninvolvement. N = 280 students at a Spanish university (78.20% women) from the fields of educational, community, and interventions responded to a survey including the Willingness to Intervene in cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and the Acceptance of Myths About Intimate partner Violence Against Women scales. Bivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions demonstrated that IPV experience implied greater personal involvement, while the higher the myth acceptance, the lower the probability of calling law enforcement. The likelihood of not intervening decreased with some IPV experience and training and lower myth acceptance. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance in developing bystander interventions.