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Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a systematic review of scholarly articles (n = 168) focused on digital discretion—how digital technologies affect the discretionary autonomy of street‐level bureaucrats. Two analytical tasks are performed concerning how digital transformation has affected (1) the relations between top‐down governing and the work of street‐level bureaucrats and (2) street‐level bureaucrats in the encounter with individuals. The documentation shows an expanding research area, and most articles showcase various subjectification effects when street‐level bureaucrats become screen‐ or system‐level bureaucrats. Street‐level bureaucrats are under increasing pressure from changing political rationalities consisting of streams of scientific knowledge, societal discourses, and the need for changes in governmental practices. The transformation carries political rationalities that fundamentally reshape value structures, organizing, and working methods of street‐level work. Still, the research area needs further development and consolidation. The reviewed research analyzes policies without considering the political content developed during policy initiation, formulation, and decision‐making. Instead, the research is characterized by a short‐sighted analytical perspective on how individual street‐level bureaucrats handle a changing technological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency --encompassing methodological, financial, and source-related aspects, as well as the tools employed-- is central to the operations of professional fact-checking platforms. However, the growing adoption of artificial intelligence tools in fact-checking introduces new ethical challenges. This research investigates the extent to which these platforms believe they should disclose their use of AI and assesses the current practices on their websites regarding this technology. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including semi-structured interviews with professionals from accredited Spanish verification platforms and content analysis of these organizations' websites. The findings indicate that transparency in AI usage is widely regarded as an ethical imperative. Nevertheless, the application of this standard often becomes ambiguous when addressing specific practices and cases. Many professionals question the necessity of explicitly disclosing AI usage when the technology primarily supports the verification and is overseen by human reviewers. Additionally, a lack of understanding of AI's functionality sometimes hinders the ability to identify whether the tools employed incorporate AI. The content analysis also reveals that explicit mentions of AI use on the websites are rare and that platforms lack open-access manuals or protocols that outline and regulate their AI practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge in internet accessibility has transformed wildlife trade by facilitating the acquisition of wildlife through online platforms. This scenario presents unique ethical challenges for researchers, as traditional ethical frameworks for in‐person research cannot be readily applied to the online realm. Currently, there is a lack of clearly defined guidelines for appropriate ethical procedures when conducting online wildlife trade (OWT) research. In response to this, we consulted the scientific literature on ethical considerations in online research and examined existing guidelines established by professional societies and ethical boards. Based on these documents, we present a set of recommendations that can inform the development of ethically responsible OWT research. Key ethical challenges in designing and executing OWT research include the violation of privacy rights, defining subjects and illegality, and the risk of misinterpretation or posing risks to participants when sharing data. Potential solutions include considering participants' expectations of privacy, defining when participants are authors versus subjects, understanding the legal and cultural context, minimizing data collection, ensuring anonymization, and removing metadata. Best practices also involve being culturally sensitive when analyzing and reporting findings. Adhering to these guidelines can help mitigate potential pitfalls and provides valuable insights to editors, researchers, and ethical review boards, enabling them to conduct scientifically rigorous and ethically responsible OWT research to advance this growing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Legislation embodies and regulates the common values by which a society is governed. Today’s society is multicultural and dynamic, a consensus must be reached and values consolidated on which different ideological groups can agree, an approach known as the ethics of minima. The concept of the minor has also been changing over the years; from being perceived as passive to being considered an autonomous individual engaged in the development of his or her life project and the bearer of duties and rights to be progressively exercised according to his or her capacity. This approach entails emerging problems. Both aspects need to be regulated in our legislation. Objective: The objective of this work was to consider the different laws that concern minors from an ethical perspective and from the point of view of the practicing paediatrician. Material and methods: We reviewed legislation concerning minors from the 1990s to the present day. For the purpose of discussion, we grouped it into 4 sections: the minor as a patient, protection of the minor, education and new social realities. Conclusions: Current laws reflect a plural society and focus on protecting minority groups. They recognize the minor as the bearer of rights and duties, and consider the acquisition of autonomy to be progressive, guaranteeing equal opportunity and respecting the child’s own pace in achieving his or her potential. Current legislation also stresses the need for a stable environment and states that all forms of violence are preventable. Furthermore, it respects different moral, social and cultural perspectives. Resumen: Introducción: La legislación plasma y regula los valores comunes por los que se rige una sociedad. La actual es pluricultural y cambiante, por lo que es necesario acordar y consolidar unos valores en los que las distintas corrientes estén de acuerdo, conocido como ética de mínimos. La concepción del menor también ha ido cambiando a lo largo de estos años; de una visión pasiva de éste, a ser considerado un sujeto autónomo en desarrollo de su proyecto vital, y portador de deberes y derechos que ejercerá progresivamente en función de su capacidad. Este abordaje conlleva problemas emergentes. Ambos aspectos han de estar regulados en nuestra legislación. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una mirada ética a las diversas leyes en las que se contempla al menor, desde el prisma del pediatra clínico. Material y métodos: Se revisa la legislación que compete al menor desde los años 90 hasta la actualidad. Para su discusión, se agrupa en cuatro apartados: el menor como paciente, la protección del menor, la educación, y las nuevas realidades sociales. Conclusiones: Las actuales leyes reflejan una sociedad plural, y se centran en proteger a los grupos minoritarios. Reconocen al menor como pleno titular de derechos y deberes. Consideran que la adquisición de dicha autonomía es progresiva, con plena igualdad de oportunidades y respeto al ritmo propio para conseguir su potencial. Recalcan la necesidad de un entorno estable. Afirman que toda forma de violencia se puede prevenir. Respetan los diferentes enfoques morales, sociales y culturales.

Sistemas de IA capazes de retratar manifestações da personalidade de seus usuários, quando utilizados sem ética, acabam por permitir a devassa da privacidade de terceiros. Seu alto potencial tecnológico impressiona, mas também preocupa. E a inexistência de regulamentação própria, acaba por incentivar suas características permissivas e potencialmente danosas. Nesse sentido, e analisando a sociedade brasileira, destaca-se a importância do incentivo à construção de um formato educacional socialmente responsável e democrático, enfatizando não somente a relevância do acesso à informação, mas à informação verdadeira e promotora de consciência cidadã.

O presente artigo tem como escopo a análise da interconexão dos direitos humanos “achados nas ruas”, e a ética proposta pelo pedagogo brasileiro Paulo Freire, cuja obra tem como fio condutor a busca de liberdade para os “oprimidos sociais”. O estudo envolveu uma revisão narrativa de literatura, no sentido de checar as aproximações possíveis entre a “ética universal do ser humano” de Freire e uma perspectiva libertária de direitos humanos, cujas práticas jurídicas associadas sejam comprometidas com a transformação social, tendo em vista a necessária superação da desigualdade, da fome e da miséria, que diminuem as chances de vida de milhares de brasileiros. Verifica-se que a ética freireana fornece ao operador do direito e à sociedade brasileira, como um todo, ferramentas para a reflexão acerca da injustiça social, na medida em que defende a construção de um mundo igualitário, com liberdade e dignidade para todos.

Objetivos: apresentar teorias que permeiam os valores éticos, no contexto da representação temática da informação, bem como evidenciar práticas, posturas e comportamentos que possibilitem reconhecer a importância da responsabilidade ética dos profissionais indexadores. Métodos: um ensaio científico exploratório, bibliográfico e descritivo, com abordagens teóricas a respeito de temas relacionados à ética, ao processo de indexação e à atuação do profissional da informação. Resultados: a relevância social e a possibilidade de reforçar os vínculos de informação, responsabilidade, respeito, qualidade e conhecimento. O processo de indexação deve ser pautado na sensibilidade moral, a qual associa-se aos princípios e valores éticos. Ressalta-se a responsabilidade do profissional da informação ao realizar o processo de indexação e pontua-se o seu comprometimento ao processo de representação do conteúdo dos documentos. Conclusões: refletir a respeito da moral, dos valores e, sobretudo, da ética orientada para a empatia, entre outros valores humanos. Bem como, refletir a respeito dos desvios linguísticos, socioculturais que causam preconceitos, discriminação pelo uso de palavras ou expressões inadequadas ou pejorativas. A informação é uma ferramenta primordial para a construção do conhecimento e, nesse âmbito, deve ser usada para promover a equidade. Sendo assim, a representação temática da informação, tem como missão atender às necessidades da comunidade usuária na busca pela informação, apropriada, para ser adequadamente recuperada e acertadamente disseminada à sociedade.

Este artigo aborda a temática da ética freiriana em sentido da totalidade do ser humano, considerando a viabilidade ou a inibição da conduta humana segundo os valores socialmente adquiridos. Nesse sentido, Paulo Freire asseverou que é em comunhão entre os seres humanos que a ética, de fato, concretiza-se. Por essa razão, toda escolha ética é, na verdade, uma escolha política. Isso implica, portanto, anecessidade de o oprimido autolibertar-se para poder dizer ética e politicamente a sua palavra libertadora. Como resultado, espera-se que a compreensão do legado ético freiriano contribua para a promoção de uma educação libertadora e humanizadora de homens e de mulheres, de educadores edeeducandos.

O Procedimento Cirúrgico Roboticamente Assistido (Robotically Assisted Surgery – RAS) apresenta-se como importante opção terapêutica, segura e efetiva, quando usada de forma apropriada e com treinamento completo adequado. Porém, questionamentos éticos e legais permeiam a temática. Assim, o Conselho Federal de Medicina brasileiro regulamentou a RAS por meio da Resolução n° 2.311, de 23 de março de 2022. O problema de pesquisa deste artigo consiste no seguinte questionamento: qual a modalidade de responsabilidade civil mais adequada aos procedimentos RAS e quem deve ser o agente incumbido de reparar ou compensar o dano causado ao paciente? O objetivo geral é analisar a Resolução n° 2.311, de 23 de março de 2022 do CFM sob a ótica das teorias objetiva e subjetiva da Responsabilidade Civil. Verifica-se que em razão do alto risco, a modalidade de responsabilidade civil mais adequada é a objetiva. Assim, todos os envolvidos no ato cirúrgico podem ser civilmente responsáveis. Para chegar a esse resultado, utiliza-se a técnica de pesquisa monográfica e bibliográfica.

Reseña del libro Das verletzbare Selbst. Trauma und Ethik, de von Werner Theobald

Prezentul articol analizează relaţia dintre profesionalism şi integritate, evidenţiind importanţa acestor valori fundamentale în domeniul juridic şi este elaborat în contextul subprogramului „Consolidarea mecanismelor socio-economice şi juridice de asigurare a bunăstării şi securităţii cetăţenilor” în cadrul L.C.Ş. „Drept Public Comparat şi e-Guvernare”, Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova (CONSEJ 01.05.02). Integritatea este definită nu doar ca respectare a legii, ci şi ca o conduită etică şi morală impecabilă, fiind esenţială pentru menţinerea încrederii publice în justiţie. Legea integrităţii nr. 82/2017 detaliază diverse forme de integritate, incluzând integritatea politică şi instituţională pentru sectorul public şi capacitatea de a acţiona legal şi transparent în sectorul privat. Profesionalismul, interpretat ca o conştiinţă profesională, este strâns legat de integritate, ambele constituind pilonii unei practici profesionale etice, consolidând încrederea şi respectul în profesie.

La IA ofrece grandes beneficios, pero también puede causar daños, lo que nos debe llevar a reflexionar ética y jurídicamente sobre ella. Desde la reflexión ética surge una conclusión evidente: la IA no debe causar daños y como reverso de lo anterior, si un sistema con IA causa daños habrá que fijar un responsable que indemnice a la víctima de los daños causados. La existencia de esta responsabilidad además fomentará la fabricación de unos sistemas de IA más seguros y confiables. Lamentablemente, la legislación vigente no basta para abordar estos problemas, por lo que hace falta la introducción de nuevas regulaciones. Desde la UE se están abordando estas cuestiones buscando mitigar la dificultad probatoria y estableciendo que el fabricante será el responsable de los productos que incorporan sistemas de IA y que no tienen la seguridad que cabría legítimamente esperar.

En este manuscrito se aborda de manera sucinta la huella y las cuestiones éticas que plantea el desarrollo y el empleo de la inteligencia artificial en la vida cotidiana. Inicialmente llevamos a cabo una introducción acerca de las connotaciones de las interacciones de la inteligencia artificial y las personas. Posteriormente con mayor detalle, se adentra en su génesis, así como el impacto de su empleo, haciendo hincapié esencialmente en la medicina y sus dilemas éticos que plantea en el uso de la procuración de la salud en las personas.

The changing landscape of data management and privacy have far-reaching implications for psychotherapy research regarding confidentiality, informed consent, and data de-identification in scientific publications. This paper reports on discussions among international psychotherapy journal editors regarding ethical guidelines governing publishing qualitative case study research. A range of psychotherapy journals have been examined and it notable that there is a variegated approach to consent and data-identification, and there are contested ethical standpoints when it comes to publishing research. These contestations are presented and six key areas for debate are set out, i) explicit informed consent, ii) prospective and retrospective consent, iii) data de-identification and bricolage, iv) withdrawing consent, v) education and training, and vi) inconsentable circumstances. These are set out as base for further discussion towards the development of a Psychotherapy Publishing Ethics Concordat (PEC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary calls for a more critical relationship with human rights NGOs, specifically, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. I argue that their politics, positionality, and power are often obscured by their conflation as intrinsically imperfect organizations that yield power and influence with the moral principles of human rights and with international human rights law itself, which are popularly perceived as unimpeachable and sacred in a secular ethical way. I contend that this conflation—often a deliberate and strategic one espoused by the organizations themselves—undermines the integrity of their work and the capacity to hold them accountable for their human rights advocacy. I illustrate ways in which both organizations have neglected to respect human rights and, specifically, principles of equality and universality. I further argue that both organizations need to be humbler and more honest about the moral, legal, and practical limitations of their work and ways in which it can be compromised. This is due to the exigencies of donor dependency and the politics of fundraising, the social, cultural, and political contexts in which the organizations operate and the expectations and demands of their supporters, and the nature of human rights as a movement, body of law, and expression of moral idealism that can sometimes obscure its prejudices, assumptions, and pathologies of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article debates the open strategy process, understanding the social pressure on companies as a highlighted dimension within the context of formulating strategy. Originality/value: Within corporate environmental and social crimes and negligence, companies can maintain their closed strategies and try to avoid institutional and social protests by responding ceremonially. To analyze this relationship, we use the theoretical framework of open strategy, assuming a practical perspective of this worldwide social phenomenon, and we also propose a discussion agenda for the ethical dimension of formulating strategy. Design/methodology/approach: We have conducted a documental case study of the Braskem “geological phenomenon” which occurred in Maceió, Alagoas, in 2018 using newspaper reports from Folha de S.Paulo and Estadão, as well as business reports. Based on these documents, we debate the corporate environmental crime that occurred (ecocide), which caused great losses on the part of the local residents. The documents were analyzed using content analysis and interpreted in light of the delineated theoretical framework. Findings: We emphasize the importance of including the ethical dimension in debates about open strategy and propose a reflection about taking this opening seriously. Openness is built from a dialogic perspective, and social practices are considered a social-historic and culturally situated framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music is an element that appears systematically as part of the rhetorical strategy of audiovisual narratives and is, to that extent, a constitutive part of them. Since audiovisual narratives, especially fictional ones, can be considered as poetic works in the Aristotelian sense, it is worth asking about the role that music plays in this poetic condition. In this research article, a theoretical proposal along these lines is put forward that will serve both to explain the role of music in the work of fiction and to analyze it. For the development of this proposal, the basis of the theory is based on the Aristotelian corpus (in particular, Poetics, Politics and Rhetoric), from which music can be understood as an expressive resource linked to the representation and creation of emotion. For this point, it is proposed to develop a theory of emotions, elaborated fundamentally from the studies of M. Nussbaum and M. Scheler, whose contributions connect the emotional processes with the recognition of ethical values. These ethical values, linked to emotions and their corresponding musical expressions, are to serve the purpose of discerning the function that music fulfills in the “letting oneself be followed” of history as a whole, by pointing out the prevailing emotional state or adjusted to the action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de la Imagen is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article initially set out to explore the composite notion of "sacred nature" from the assumption that its advocates can be found within an emerging environmental awareness. However, the term itself introduces the paradox of merging two orders of reality divided by Western thought. In this sense, the article offers an epistemological and ethical reflection. The epistemological reflection was enriched by an exploration of sanctity: here, nature appears as a hierophany where divine, human, and cosmic spheres converge, transcending the dichotomy between nature and the sacred. In the ethical reflection, three interconnected ideas were reviewed: the perception of nature's sanctity based on a unitary and organic vision of reality; the reverential attitude toward nature implied in the latter perception; and the cosmic responsibility of humans to preserve the universe's equilibrium. We conclude that a new cosmology and anthropology are emerging, but only in the form of myth, their logos still obscure. Therefore, examining the idea of sacred nature can unlock an experience and discourse able to turn the world into a home of reverential care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administrations are facing the challenge of continuous improvement of processes to meet both ethical and compliance standards. This study examines the extent to which non-job relevant factors (gender and tenure) may have a greater impact on managers' positions than job-relevant factors (skills and job performance) in the public sector. Our study with 412 public incumbent managers in different rank positions revealed that tenure and the innovation orientation skill, and gender are the main predictors to upper positions. Moreover, men have shown higher levels of counterproductive performance than women. This highlights the need for a review of human resources processes and the implementation of competency-based management models to achieve fairer procedures and improved ethical public governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent ethical debate about compassionate conservation has invoked moral theories to oppose or support traditional practices of killing animals to protect biodiversity and ecosystems. The debate has featured the mainstream moral theories of consequentialism and utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. We identify problematic applications and critique of these moral theories in conservation discussions. Problems include a lack of clarity when invoking moral theories, misunderstanding and mischaracterizing theories, and overlooking features and circumstances affecting a theory's application. A key omission in the debate is a detailed discussion of the moral significance of animals and nature. We then examine the role of moral theory as such in ethical discussion, contrasting moral theory with ethical outlooks that center, for example, forms of love and care. Our aim is to advance the ethical debate about harming animals in conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual article explores the relationship between stakeholder theory and electoral processes, focusing on the contemporary challenges and ethical implications of applying this theory, rooted in accountability, to the political realm. Drawing on an extensive literature review to develop the theory within the political field and elections, the analysis uncovers the factors and multifaceted issues that shape stakeholder engagement in electoral contexts, and the pervasive influence of political money on the sway of tribal affiliations and identity politics—which can result in misaligned representation and unfair policy outcomes that may harm the long‐term interests of stakeholders themselves. This underscores the need for regulatory reforms to enhance transparency and accountability in elections, advocating for ethical governance to balance broader public interests against narrow stakeholder interests. Ultimately, the research provides insights into improving global electoral processes and governance, calling for policies supporting equitable, accountable, and sustainable governance practices. Related Articles: Adegboye, Alex, Kofo Adegboye, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Stephen, Ojeka, and Eyitemi Fasanu. 2023. "Taxation, Democracy, and Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant Linkages for Sustainable Development Goals." Politics & Policy 51(4): 696–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12547. Akwei, Cynthia. 2018. "Mitigating Election Violence and Intimidation: A Political Stakeholder Engagement Approach." Politics & Policy 46(3): 472–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12256. Sohn, Hyodong. 2023. "Policy Agenda Trade‐offs for Sustainability: The Compositional Change of Attention about Energy in Legislative Hearings." Politics & Policy 51(6): 973–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12563. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo se centra en desvelar la diferencia entre los conceptos de ética y moral e indagar hasta qué punto necesitamos los docentes de música consensuar principios dentro de un centro superior de música y dotarnos a nosotros mismos de un código deontológico y profesional adecuado al contexto docente en el que estamos integrados. Se revisa la relación ética-docencia en general y, particularmente, la ética profesional docente, así como los elementos que caracterizan un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de tipo ético. Son objeto de estudio los códigos éticos profesionales docentes, definiéndose distintos tipos de valores éticos específicos en el ámbito de la educación superior de música en los conservatorios. Se incorpora, asimismo, una amplia reflexión sobre la importancia de estos valores en la formación del docente de música, sus deberes éticos e institucionales y la situación actual en esta materia en los centros superiores de música en España. This article focuses on revealing the difference between the concepts of ethics and morality, and investigating the extent to which teachers need to agree on principles within an educational institution and provide ourselves with a deontological and professional code appropriate to the teaching context in which we are integrated. The ethical-teaching relationship in general and, particularly, professional teaching ethics is reviewed, as well as the elements that characterize an ethical teaching-learning process. The professional ethical codes of teachers are the object of study, defining different types of specific ethical values in the field of higher music education in conservatories. It also incorporates a broad reflection on the importance of these values in the training of music teachers, their ethical and institutional duties, and the current situation in this matter in higher music centers in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magic, witchcraft and miracles have accompanied medicine since the beginning of mankind. At first, the causes of diseases were belived to be supernatural, but progressively, with the development of knowledge and the advent of science, more rational and objective explanations were found. Rationality was based on concepts, judgments and reasoning that followed logical rules. All of these elements then formed new ideas, which did not accumulate chaotically but were organized into sets and ordered systems, called theories. Objectivity, in turn, was related to the search for factual truths that aligned with the object of study, confirming that ideas corresponded with the facts through observation and experimentation, thus making them reproducible. During their evolution, the new ideas were confronted with numerous theological prejudices, especially in the Middle Ages. This period was dominated by Catholic Christianity and caused a severe stagnation of medicine. Religion and superstition hindered progress: people believed in the efficacy of sacred relics and the laying on of hands as well as in diabolical possessions and healing through miracles. In this evolution, many thinkers stopped to seriously reflect on and analyze what miracles actually were. Among many philosophers, it was the Dutch Baruch Spinoza and the English David Hume, who in the 17th and 18th centuries, respectively, provided the clearest and most compelling answers. Even in the 21st century, despite the successes of scientific medicine, many people continue to believe in supernatural healings. Modern science maintains that these cases arise due to errors in critical thinking, misunderstandings or the use of flawed logic. This article attempts to explain the reasons that promote the persistance of this type of mindset, how pseudomedicine uses it and how we can address events that seem inexplicable, especially in the medical field. Objectivity and reason have given us centuries of progress, and we must not abandon them. True "miraculous healings" are the result of the hard and careful work of scientists, physicians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to conceptualize a poetics of commitment in the work of Antonio López Baeza. To this end, it reflects on the categories proposed by Søren Kierkegaard: aesthetics, ethics and mysticism. From this scheme, we have observed a series of features that lead us to confirm the initial hypothesis through the dialogue between philosophy, theology and poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pope Francis is not a philosopher, the proposals of his magisterium are not ethical, but moral; but he deepens them from a sincerely intellectual selfawareness, in such a way that intuitions of philosophical ethics can be found in them. Bergoglio’s ethical insights form a prism whose vertices are: evangelical eudaemonism; a realism foreign to legalisms; an understanding of the moral subject configured in the dialogical-fraternal transcendence with the other; open in the contemplative gaze to the natural; who finds in the mercy with which he suffers the actual dimension of his life and his truth. His faith and the historical situations he has faced have been the catalysts for his moral reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text presents three possible dimensions of using Foucauldian thought in relation to the Latin American perspective of the writer to situate the present: political rationality, materialist ethics, and critical ontology. This perspective is part of a research program in which the author has already published several advances. It then focuses on the pragmatic concept of truth as a knotting factor of these three dimensions, and concludes with a possible diagnosis about why it is so challenging - yet indispensable - to currently make use of Foucauldian thought in the indicated sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are witnessing a new space race. In the past few years, the number of successful launches to low Earth orbit has been higher than at any time since Sputnik. Commercial space companies, led by SpaceX and Blue Origin, have developed reusable rockets that are fundamentally changing the economics of spaceflight and opening new markets for recreation and tourism. Large numbers of small satellites are being deployed to monitor Earth resources and deliver high speed Internet to developing countries. Meanwhile, a growing number of countries have built space programs, and a superpower rivalry between China and America has replaced the traditional competition between Russia and America. All this activity raises legal and ethical issues. Space debris is accumulating at a rapid rate, creating a hazard for humans and hardware in low Earth orbit. Currently, there is no real incentive for companies or governments to mitigate this threat. The ownership of space resources is not covered by international law and in most countries, spaceflight is subject to very little regulation. Another concern is the potential militarization of space by the major powers. As we explore space, exploitation may be taking precedence over conservation. Hopefully, the economic benefits of space will be realized while the activity grows ethically and sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second part of this special issue aims to continue to contribute to the debate on the impact, possibilities and challenges that artificial intelligence is bringing to the mass media, media groups and audiences. This new issue draws together five constructive academic articles that address the innovations in this steadily expanding field from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Specifically, it provides an overview of the integration of automated tools in film editing, explores the regulatory frameworks and policies related to deepfakes in five American states, reflects on the ethics of artificial intelligence, examines how these tools have transformed production routines in the publishing industry and investigates artificial intelligence-generated television presenters in southern Asia. We invite our readers, whether academics or professionals, to join us on this journey of discovery, challenges and, ultimately, opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What competencies are essential for a 21st-century executive? Are we sufficiently preparing our leadership for the relentless challenges and perpetual transformations characteristic of the digital and globalized epoch? (Levy, 2007). Business schools are progressively shifting their focus towards leadership and personal development, recognizing the paramount importance of these proficiencies. However, does this emphasis prove adequate? Undoubtedly, the exigencies posed by the contemporary era are subjecting the managerial skill set to scrutiny, not merely due to the intricate orchestration of personnel (Pérez, 2018), who increasingly articulate a demand for personal gratification in their professional pursuits, but also considering the rapidity of metamorphoses (Tapscott, 1995), and the imperative to make decisions concomitant with such promptness. The ultimate inquiry is whether current leaders possess the ethical fortitude to adapt to these disruptive changes (Echevarría, 2008), or if we are indeed confronting an insurmountable utopia, thrust into a new era dictated by artificial intelligence, where pragmatic logic eclipses matter of the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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