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Fires have taken a central role in the discussions on environmental conservation in Brazil and worldwide. In this study, we investigated the temporal evolution of soil cover and the restoration of vegetation in a burned area (BA) and another unburned area (UBA) in a Cerrado stricto sensu, using aerial images and the ImageJ® software. Soil cover changed little over time and there was no difference between the areas regarding restoration of vegetation. Otherwise, the ImageJ® software proved useful in evaluating the evolution of soil cover and, due to its simplicity and free access, it can be used in the processing of individual images for the calculation of exposed soil area.

O estado de equilíbrio do ecossistema pode ser profundamente modificado pelo uso intensificado dos seus recursos, resultando alterações nos processos microbiológicos ocorridos no solo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do solo de diferentes áreas com base nos atributos microbiológicos. A avaliação foi realizada em cinco áreas no processo de restauração ecológica (REC1-5), uma área com vegetação nativa (MATA) e uma de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (CN). Os atributos microbiológicos avaliados foram: Carbono da biomassa microbiana do solo (C-BMS), respiração basal (C-CO2), quociente microbiano (qMIC) e quociente metabólico (qCO2). O menor teor do parâmetro C-BMS foi observado na REC5, que diferenciou estatisticamente de REC2 e REC4. O fato de não haver distinção entre as RECs das áreas de CN e MATA sugere a influência, interação ou sinergismo entre fatores. A análise da matriz de similaridade por meio da distância euclidiana aplicada aos dados de atributos microbiológicos permitiu a distinção de CN em relação às demais formas de manejo do solo sendo, portanto, mais eficiente como ferramenta na caracterização do ambiente. Dentre as áreas em processo de restauração ecológica, REC2 e REC3 apresentaram condições microbiológicas com maior similaridade em relação à área de vegetação nativa (MATA), o que pode ser indicativo de melhoria na qualidade do solo e, consequentemente, aproximando-se do estado de equilíbrio da condição natural regional.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-21 Despite the wide range of possible applications of nanopesticides, the mechanisms involved in their enhanced action remain largely unknown. Understanding the interaction between nanopesticides and plants is crucial for evaluating their potential safety application. Using an experimental and theoretical approach, this study aimed to investigate the target effect of paraquat-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (ca. 200 nm) on photosystem I (PSI). Electrochemical analysis showed distinct electroactivity behaviour between the encapsulated and non-encapsulated herbicide. The amount of lipid peroxidation, photooxidizable P700 reaction centre content, and NADPH/NADP+ ratio levels were significantly decreased in spinach leaf tissue exposed to the nanoherbicide compared to those with the non-encapsulated herbicide. The data also revealed that the nanoformulation might promote oxidative stress based on changes observed in antioxidant enzymes. Also, molecular docking results showed a preferential disposition of the herbicide paraquat and paraquat-tripolyphosphate complex (TPP:PQ) in the ligand domain close to FAD and Glu312. Due to the inhibitor's strategic position in the catalytic pocket, a model of electron-capture is proposed, where the herbicide disturbs the redox process NADP+ ⇌ NADPH by capturing electrons to reduce itself. Finally, our findings provide important insights where the redox behaviour of paraquat may play a key role in the enhanced efficiency of nanoherbicides to the target binding site. Plant Resources Study Group Natural Resources Program Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA) Mato Grosso Do sul State University (UEMS) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo (USP) Optics and Photonics Group Institute of Physics Federal University of Mato Grosso Do sul (UFMS) School of Life Science University of Essex Colchester São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Engineering

The use of nano- and microparticles as a release system for agrochemicals has been increasing in agricultural sector. However, the production of eco-friendly and smart carriers that can be easily handled in the environment is still a challenge for this technology. In this context, we have developed a biodegradable release system for the herbicide atrazine with magnetic properties. Herein, we investigated the (a) physicochemical properties of the atrazine-loaded magnetic poly(ε-caprolactone) microparticles (MPs:ATZ), (b) in vitro release kinetic profile of the herbicide, and (c) phytotoxicity toward photosynthesis in the aquatic fern

Environmental conservation and regeneration actions must consider plant species that add value by restoring structural and functional aspects of the ecosystem. The forest species, Peltophorum dubium, has several characteristics that make its use viable in projects of restoration of degraded areas, making it necessary to study the species' responses to different cultivation environments. Thus, 500 seeds were selected and sown in vermicompost substrates prepared with different proportions of cattle rumen content (CR) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) (V1 - 60% CR x 40% SB / V2 - 50% CR x 50 % SB / V3 - 40% CR x 60% SB / V4 - 70% CR x 30% SB) and in an commercial substrate (Plantmax®). At 79 days after sowing, 20 seedlings per treatment were removed; they were weighed and measured, resulting in growth, dry matter, and vigor data. The vermicompost substrates were sent to the chemical analysis laboratory to determine their chemical composition. The data were submitted to normality analysis. Analysis of variance was performed for normal data and the Kruskal Wallis test for data that did not show normality. The means or medians were compared using the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. Based on the results related to the growth and vigor of P. dubium seedlings, it is possible to state that the productive potential of the species was higher in the vermicompost substrates.

A morfometria de sementes possui importância taxonomica, filogenetica e ecologica, sobretudo quando se trata de arvores nativas do Cerrado. Neste estudo, foram discutidas as potencias relacoes entre os caracteres dimensionais das sementes e o ambiente de ocorrencia em populacoes de plantas de Dimorphandra mollis Benth., de um cerrado sensu stricto (Css) e uma floresta estacional semidecidual (FES). Foram determinadas medidas de comprimento, diâmetro e espessura das sementes, calculou-se tambem os diâmetros medios; geometrico (DMG), equivalente (DME), aritmetico (DMA), area superficial (A s ), relacao de aspecto (R a ), e esfericidade (O). As sementes do Css apresentaram menor comprimento (media 10,68 mm) e menor diâmetro (media 5,35 mm), enquanto que, as sementes da FES exibiram maior comprimento (media 12,68 mm) e maior diâmetro (media 7,86 mm), com diferenca significativa de 5% (p

Resumo A sustentabilidade ou a degradação de um ambiente podem ser estimadas, entre outros, pela avaliação e monitoramento de atributos do solo, os quais podem evidenciar alterações relacionadas ao uso e manejo ao longo do tempo. Compreender alterações decorrentes de manejo, empregados em diferentes sistemas, pode auxiliar no entendimento dos processos que preconizam a ecologia da restauração. Assim, avaliou-se a qualidade do solo com base em seus atributos químicos em diferentes usos, sendo cinco áreas em processo de restauração ecológica (REC1 a REC5), uma área de vegetação nativa (MATA) e uma de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (CN), todas localizadas em uma propriedade rural particular no município de Rio Brilhante, MS, Brasil, em uma área de transição entre os Biomas Cerrado-Mata Atlântica. Os atributos químicos avaliados foram: matéria orgânica (MO), pH, capacidade de trocas catiônicas (CTC), soma de bases (SB), potássio (K), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), cálcio (Ca), saturação por base (V%) e acidez potencial (H+Al). Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada, incluindo a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de agrupamento. A PCA indicou que, dentre as áreas estudadas, a área em restauração ecológica 1 (REC1) apresentou relação negativa com os atributos químicos do solo (exceto com a acidez potencial na camada superficial) e demonstrou maior similaridade com a área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. Em contrapartida, a área em restauração ecológica 3 (REC3) apresentou a melhor qualidade química do solo e maior similaridade com área de vegetação nativa, evidenciando, dessa forma, que o desenvolvimento da cobertura vegetal e a ausência de mecanização foram importantes para promover a melhoria da qualidade do solo. Os dados obtidos sugerem que as novas formas de manejo nas áreas em restauração implicam em diferentes níveis de qualidade do sistema solo, tendendo ao aumento da estabilidade e integridade biológica, alterações estas que fazem parte dos processos ecológicos comuns a ecossistemas preservados. Abstract The sustainability or degradation of the environment can be estimated, among others, for the evaluation and monitoring of sensitive soil attributes for the use and management over time. Understanding the changes resulting from management uses in different systems can assist in the knowledge of ecological processes that advocate restoration ecology. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the soil quality based on its chemical attributes in different uses, being five areas in ecological restoration, an area of native vegetation and a sugarcane crop, all locations in a rural property in Rio Brilhante city, MS, in a transition area between the Cerrado-Mata Atlântica Biomes. The chemical attributes evaluated were: organic matter (OM), pH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), sum of bases (SB), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al). The data were submitted to multivariate analysis, among them: the principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering. The PCA indicated, among the studied areas, the areas under ecological restoration 1 (REC1) presented a lower relation with soil chemical attributes (except for the potential acidity in the surface layer) and showed greater similarity with a sugarcane cultivation area. On the other hand, REC3 presented a better soil chemical quality and greater similarity with native vegetation area, thus evidencing that the vegetation cover development and a mechanization absence were important to promote an improvement of soil quality. The data obtained suggest that the new forms of management in restoration areas imply different levels of soil system quality, tending to increase stability and biological integrity, changes that are part of the ecological processes common to preserved ecosystems.

Piper amalago L. conhecida popularmente como jaborandi-manso, jaborandi-falso e jaborandinhandi é muito utilizada na medicina popular brasileira no tratamento de doenças do cálculo urinário. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antioxidante e determinar os teores de fenóis, flavonoides e taninos totais dos extratos etanólico e aquoso das folhas de P. amalago, bem como sintetizar e caracterizar nanopartículas de óxido de cobre utilizando o extrato aquoso, além de avaliar sua atividade antioxidante. A quantificação de fenóis, flavonoides e taninos totais foi realizada por espectrofotometria na região do visível e a atividade antioxidante avaliada pelo método de sequestro do radical livre DPPH•. A síntese das nanopartículas foi preparada com uma solução contendo extrato aquoso das folhas e sal de cobre e a caracterização foi realizada por microscopia e espectroscopia de FTIR e UV-Vis. Ambos os extratos apresentaram ação antioxidante, sendo o extrato etanólico o mais ativo reduzindo em mais de 90% o DPPH• na concentração de 100 μg.mL-1. Este extrato foi também o que apresentou os maiores teores de fenóis totais (199,17 ± 4,11mg de EAG/g), flavonoides totais (30,84 ± 0,59 mg de EQ/g) e taninos totais (158,30 ± 4,83 mg de EAT/g). As nanopartículas geradas não apresentaram a menor ação de redução de DPPH•. Os resultados sugerem que a potencialidade antioxidante evidenciada pelos extratos de P. amalago está relacionada, principalmente à presença de compostos fenólicos, como flavonoides e taninos e confirmaram a síntese verde das nanopartículas de óxido de cobre, porém com o menor potencial antioxidante.

Muitos agricultores familiares que manejam sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs), também manejam uma gama de serviços ambientais (SAs), no entanto, poucos estudos verificam as percepções humanas a respeito dos SAs. Sendo assim, esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar se serviços ambientais (culturais e de suporte) são percebidos pelos agricultores familiares que manejam sistemas agroflorestais no Mato Grosso do Sul (BR) e em Cartago (CR). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário elaborado com 18 perguntas divididas nas 2 categorias de SAs classificadas pela Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio. Acredita-se que agricultores familiares que possuem SAFs são agentes da biodiversidade, pois por meio das suas concepções religiosas e tradicionais, os mesmos percebem os SAs e os consideram importantes por favorecerem seu bem-estar, mantendo-os sempre motivados. Estudos dessa natureza são relevantes e podem fornecer subsídios para elaboração de políticas públicas para conservação e valoração da biodiversidade, além de auxiliar projetos para pagamento por SAs.

Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações fisiológicas de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalypytus urophylla em função do enriquecimento potássico. As mudas com idade de 60 DAE, foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de potássio (0, 250, 500 e 750 mg L-1) por meio de solução nutritiva padrão administrada via sub-irrigação por período de 46 dias. A fonte utilizada foi cloreto de potássio e o delineamento experimental o inteiramente casualizado. Foram estudadas eficiência quântica (Fv/Fm), dissipação não fotoquímica (DIo/CS), densidade de moléculas do centro de reação (RC/CS), taxa fotossintética (A), transpiração (E), eficiência intrínseca no uso de água (EUAintr), condutância estomática (Gs) e consumo de solução nutritiva diário/tratamento (SNC). A adubação potássica proporcionou aumento na eficiência quântica, densidade de moléculas do centro de reação e EUAintr, diminuição da transpiração, condutância estomática e taxa fotossintética. Os dados avaliados em conjunto, sugerem que a adubação potássica pode ser importante como forma de preparação das mudas para o estresse no pós-plantio.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul With the continued increase of technological uses of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs or nanoceria)and their unregulated disposal, the accumulation of nanoceria in the environment is inevitable. Concomitantly, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)levels continue to rise, increasing the concentrations of bicarbonate ions in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the influence of CeO2 NPs (from 0 to 100 μgL−1)in the presence and absence of an elevated bicarbonate (HCO3 −)ion concentration (1 mM), on vibrational biochemical parameters and photosystem II (PSII)activity in leaf discs of Salvinia auriculata. Fourier transform-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS)was capable of diagnostic use to understand biochemical and metabolic changes in leaves submitted to the CeO2 NPs and also detected interactive responses between CeO2 NPs and HCO3 − exposure at the tissue level. The results showed that the higher CeO2 NPs levels in the presence of HCO3 − increased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)and coefficient of photochemical quenching in dark (qPd)compared to the absence of HCO3. Moreover, the presence of HCO3 − significantly decreased the NPQ at all levels of CeO2 NPs demonstrating that HCO3 − exposure may change the non-radiative process involved in the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus. Overall, the results of this study are useful for providing baseline information on the interactive effects of CeO2 NPs and elevated HCO3 − ion concentration on photosynthetic systems. Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350 Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro, Ilha Solteira Grupo de Óptica Aplicada Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, CP 533 Grupo de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fototérmica Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350 Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549 Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro, Ilha Solteira CNPq: 465360/2014-9

O uso de biossólidos na produção de mudas de espécies nativas é uma alternativa na gestão dos resíduos orgânicos. O sucesso no estabelecimento das mudas no campo depende de vários fatores tais como a qualidade do seu meio de crescimento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho morfofisiológico de mudas de Trema micrantha (L.) Blume produzidas em biossólidos obtidos da vermicompostagem de lodo de esgoto-LE e capim napier triturado-NT. Então foram utilizados os substratos V1= 40% LE + 60% NT, V2= 50% LE + 50% NT; V3= 60% LE + 40% NT e V4 (substrato comercial), considerado tratamento controle. Após 120 dias da semeadura, foram avaliados os dados do crescimento em altura das mudas, de temperatura das folhas, condutância estomática (Gs) e fluorescência da clorofila-a. Um maior desempenho morfológico foi observado nas mudas produzidas nos biossólidos, sendo que, as alturas médias foram influenciadas pela composição dos biossólidos. As análises dos dados de Gs, dos parâmetros fenomenológicos da fluorescência da clorofila-a e das curvas do transiente OJIP permitiram detectar possível ocorrência de ligeiros danos reversíveis no fotossistema II, no caso das mudas produzidas com V2; essas mudanças não foram suficientes para levar o sistema a uma fotoinibição. Palavras-chave: biossólido, fluorescência da clorofila-a, condutância estomática.

Sewage sludge (SS), a solid residue of effluent treatment, is rich in organic matter and nutrients, while also containing heavy metals and other potential contaminants. The feasibility of employing SS as a substrate component for seedling production depends on its composition and dose, as well as on the tolerance limit of individual plant species. To expand the knowledge base on the use of SS in the production of plants native to the Brazilian Cerrado biome, we evaluated the physiological responses and quality of Alibertia edulis seedlings grown under distinct SS concentrations. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf temperature (Lt), biomass, growth, and seedling quality were investigated. At 25%, SS improved growth, biomass, and seedling quality, while substrates containing 50% or more SS affected gs, Lt, and ChlF. Seedling quality was strongly worsened by SS at 75% and 100%, as shown by lower biomass and impaired growth, including leaf symmetry loss and leaf deformities possibly related to contaminants, particularly heavy metals. Accordingly, we conclude that SS exhibited potential as a fertilizer at concentrations below 50%, but exerted a toxic effect on seedlings at higher concentrations.

Understanding the interactions between engineered nanomaterials and the environment is essential for unbiased assessments of their agricultural applications. Nano-based pesticides can potentially be safer and/or more efficient than their conventional analogs. However, there is limited information about how nanopesticides influence physiology and metabolism during their interactions with plants, particularly, related to its mode of action. The main question herein is about the interaction between nanopesticides and plants. In this chapter, we start from a theoretical discussion on the complex organization of biological systems, offering a variety of examples showing the effects of nanopesticides from uptake to the mode of action. Moreover, we discuss different examples, how physiological and metabolic responses can help us to understand the behavior of plants exposed to nano-based pesticides. Finally, we demonstrate that prediction models can be used as a routine tool for monitoring and classifying plant response according to their degree of resistance or tolerance to determined nanopesticide, aiming to understand the specific characteristics of nanopesticides into plant systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-20 A new highly sensitive, selective, and inexpensive electrochemical method has been developed for simultaneously detecting diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17β-estradiol (E2) in environmental samples (groundwater and lake water) using a graphite sensor modified by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CPE-CeO2 NPs). The developed sensor and the materials used in its preparation were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ab initio simulation was used to evaluate the adsorption energies between both DES and E2 with the surface of the sensor. The peak current of oxidation of both hormones showed two regions of linearity. The region of greatest sensitivity was observed for the linear range of 10 nM–100 nM. The detection and quantification limits for this concentration range were 0.8/2.6 nM and 1.3/4.3 nM for DES and E2, respectively. The analytical performance of the developed method showed high sensitivity, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity. The CPE-CeO2 NPs sensor was successfully applied to simultaneously detect DES and E2 in real samples with recovery levels above 98%. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), P.O. Box 351 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Butantã Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro

As diferenças na morfologia das sementes podem indicar variabilidade dentro e entre populações de plantas. Foram caracterizadas biometricamente as sementes de Annona reticulata Vell., Annonaceae, provenientes da região de Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul, em uma área de fragmento de Cerrado, sendo as sementes coletadas aleatoriamente de seis diferentes indivíduos. Analisou-se um total de 150 sementes, divididas em três lotes de 50 sementes, utilizando-se da teoria estatística de pequenas amostras para avaliar as variáveis biométricas e físicas das sementes quanto ao comprimento, largura, espessura, índice de volume das sementes, diâmetro médio geométrico, equivalente e aritmético, área superficial, volume, esfericidade e relação de aspecto das sementes. As variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student, o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (p

The essential oil of leaves and barks of Nectandra lanceolata, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized in terms of its chemical composition by GC-FID, GC-MS and NMR. The analyses and identiucation pointed by mass fragmentation pattern and retention index revealed the presence of 30 compounds in the oil from leaves and 36 compounds in oil from barks, representing 91.8 % of the total leaf oil and 96.5 % of the bark oil. The major compounds of the leaf oil were E-caryophyllene (12.45 %), biciclogermacrene (18.2 %) and spathulenol (16.7 %). In the oil from barks, the major compounds were guaiol (13.2 %), cubenol (7.6 %), α- epi-cadinol (4.8 %), γ-cadinene (7.6 %), α-pinene (6.9 %). Moreover, were evaluated the potential of inhibition against the resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and antitumor properties of oils. It was possible to conclude that oil from bark of Nectandra lanceolata present more potent activity than oil from leaves. The essential oil from bark of Nectandra lanceolata ...

A challenge for the environmental recovery of degraded areas is the search for soil data. In this process, the microbiological parameters and soil chemicals are potential indicators of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality based on microbiological and chemical soil attributes in different areas involving environmental recovery, sugarcane cultivation and remnants of native vegetation located in a rural private property farm in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Hapludox Eutrophic soil. The microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient) and chemical parameters (organic matter, carbon, pH, cationic exchange capacity, sum of bases, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, saturation base and potential acidity) were assessed. Data were assessed by variance and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis). Overall, the results showed highest alteration in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in sugarcane cultivation area in comparison with other areas. Considering the studied recovery areas, REC1, REC5 and REC7 show chemical and microbiological conditions with most similarity to native vegetation. Despite the short period of the resilience enhancement of environmental recovery areas, the development of vegetation cover and establishment of the microbial community were determined to be important factors for improving soil quality and environmental recovery in several of the areas studied. RESUMO Um desafio para a recuperação ambiental de áreas degradadas é a busca de dados de solo. Neste processo, os parâmetros microbiológicos e química do solo são potenciais indicadores de qualidade do solo. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do solo com base em atributos microbiológicos e químicos do solo em diferentes áreas, em recuperação ambiental, cultivo de cana e remanescentes de vegetação nativa, localizada em uma fazenda de propriedade privada rural no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, em solo Háplico Eutrófico. Os parâmetros microbiológicos (carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal, quociente microbiano e quociente metabólico) e químicos (matéria orgânica, carbono, pH, capacidade de troca de cátions, soma de bases, potássio, fósforo, magnésio, cálcio, saturação por bases e acidez potencial) foram acessados. Dados foram avaliados por meio de análises de variância e multivariada (análise de agrupamentos e Análise de Componentes Principais). Em geral, os resultados mostraram maior alteração das características químicas e microbiológicas do solo na área de cultivo de cana em comparação com outras áreas. Considerando as áreas em recuperação estudadas, REC1, REC5 e REC7 mostram condições químicas e microbiológicas com maior semelhança com a vegetação nativa. Apesar do curto período do realce de resiliência das áreas de recuperação ambiental, o desenvolvimento da cobertura vegetal e o estabelecimento da comunidade microbiana foram considerados fatores importantes para a melhoria da qualidade do solo e recuperação ambiental em várias das áreas estudadas.

The soil properties reported in areas with different management provide useful information about the systems’ operation, state of conservation and resilience. In this way, this study evaluated physical properties and organic matter dynamics of soil under different plant covers in seven areas consisting of: five areas under ecological restoration (REC1 to REC5), an areas with native vegetation (MATA) and a sugarcane crop area (SC), all located in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, a transition area between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. Samples were taken at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers and were analyzed for soil density (Ds), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (PT), weighted mean diameter (DMP), aggregate stability index (IEA), and the particle sizes of organic matter. There were no differences in DMP between the areas, however, sugarcane crop area and areas under ecological restoration (REC 1, 3 and 4) had high values of density and microporosity and low contents of the fractions of organic matter, which can promote a greater restriction to the root development of plants. Among the areas under restoration, REC1 and REC5 presented physical conditions with higher similarity to the native vegetation area. Changes in the physical soil properties and parameters such as Total organic carbon (COT), confirmed that the restoration practices applied improved the soil quality.

In this work, the Aleurites moluccanus oil was obtained in high yield from the almonds (42%). The methyl and ethyl esters obtained by transesterification of the oil, have a high content of fatty acid unsaturated esters (>89%). Thermal properties in inert and oxidative atmospheres of oils and esters of A. moluccanus seed oil were estimated using Thermogravimetry − Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Low temperature properties of the methyl and ethyl esters were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). From the experiments was found that A. moluccanus seeds oil was thermally stable up to 210.9 °C; the methanol biodiesel is stable up to 117.9 °C and the ethanol biodiesel is up to 122.0 °C in air. In nitrogen atmosphere the A. moluccanus seeds oil was thermally stable up to 291.2 °C; the methanol biodiesel up to 119.0 °C and the ethanol biodiesel up to 123.3 °C. The esters have satisfactory performance at low temperatures with respect to the point of crystallization, which were below −11 °C. The results showed that A. moluccanus found in Brazil can contribute as a non-edible raw material for the production of biodiesel.

Excessive and indiscriminate use of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) leaves the environment susceptible to its contamination. This work describes the development of a simple, inexpensive, and efficient electroanalytical method using graphite oxide paste electrode (GrO-PE) for the direct determination of GLY traces in groundwater samples, soybean extracts, and lettuce extracts. Under optimal experimental conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a linear response of the peak current intensity vs. the concentration, in the range of 1.8 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−3 mol L−1 for GLY. The limits of detection and quantification are 1.7 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 5.6 × 10−8 mol L−1, respectively. The methodology developed here demonstrated a strong analytical performance, with high reproducibility, repeatability, and precision. Moreover, it successfully avoided interference from other substances, showing high selectivity. The GrO-PE sensor was effectively applied to determine GLY traces in real samples with recovery rates ranging from 98% to 102%. Results showed that the GrO-PE is effective and useful for GLY detection, with the advantage of not involving laborious modifications and complicated handling, making it a promising tool for environmental analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Glyphosate (Gly) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and has broad-spectrum and non-selective activity. Its indiscriminate use hence risks contamination of water bodies and can affect living organisms, especially sensitive or resistant non-target plants. Despite this, studies on physiological mechanisms and Gly remediation in Neotropical aquatic plants remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia biloba on exposure to different concentrations of a Gly commercial formulation (Gly-CF) and a Gly analytical standard (Gly-AS). Furthermore, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), we determined whether the studied plant could remove Gly from water. Our data suggest that Gly-AS and Gly-CF induce similar physiological responses in S. biloba. However, Gly-CF was more phytotoxic. Depending on the concentration, the two forms of Gly affected the plants, decreasing the chlorophyll a and b contents and the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The data also revealed that Gly promoted oxidative stress and increased the shikimic acid concentration. At the same time, the plants removed Gly from water, with 100% removal for 1 mg L−1 Gly and above 60% removal for the other concentrations studied. Therefore, our results suggest that S. biloba may be a potential phytoremediation agent for low Gly concentrations, since 1 mg L−1 Gly was completely removed and exhibited low phytotoxicity. This study deepens our scientific understanding of the Gly impact on and the phytoremediation potential of S. biloba. Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul CP 350 79804-970 Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul CP 350 79804-970 Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Centro, Avenida Brasil, 56 Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental Departamento de Física e Química Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Centro, Avenida Brasil, 56 CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This work has assessed the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), designed via green route, toward photosynthetic apparatus on aquatic photoautotrophic organisms. In order to filling knowledge gaps, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed, using cyanobacterial phycocyanin (C-PC) from Arthrospira platensis and Lemna valdiviana plants (duckweed), respectively. Impairment in light energy transfer became evident in C-PC exposed to CuONPs, giving rise to an increase of light absorption and a suppression of fluorescence emission. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that C-PC structures might be altered by the nanoparticles, also revealed that CuONPs preferably interacts with -NH functional groups. The data also revealed that CuONPs affected the chlorophyll a content in duckweed leaves. In addition, photosystem II (PSII) performance was significantly affected by CuONPs, negatively impacting the PSII photochemical network. In summary, the results point out that, even eco-friendly designed, CuONPs may negatively affect the photosynthetic process when accumulated by aquatic photoautotrophs. Natural Resources Program Center for Natural Resources Studies (CERNA) Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS) Applied Optics Group Faculty of Science and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Optics and Photonics Group Institute of Physics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) School of Life Science University of Essex Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The increasing application of engineering nanoparticles (ENPs) in various commercial products justifies the need for studying their impact on living organisms and environment. The interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different diameters (5, 10, and 20 nm) and two photosynthetic pigments ― chlorophyll (Chl) and pheophytin (Pheo) ― was investigated using optical techniques and computational simulations. UV–Vis absorption, steady-state fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence showed that AuNPs affected the optical features of the studied photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, the optical and computational results show that an analogous Pheo molecule (chlorin) was less susceptible than an analogous chlorophyll molecule (Mg-chlorin) to interact with AuNPs. Therefore, AuNPs interact with both Chl and Pheo so that they may change the operation of the plant photosystems in case of uptake and internalisation in plants.

Asymbiotic germination of native orchids is an important technique for producing seedlings for use in species reintroduction programs, as it facilitates the maintenance of genetic variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptive responses of Schomburgkia crispa Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in an area undergoing environmental restoration, and to compare the efficacy of traditional and alternative substrates in order to contribute to the management and reintroduction of this species. Plants of S. crispa were obtained from asymbiotic sowing, and acclimated plants (ACP) were reintroduced in an underbrush area at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul using three planting treatments: without substrate (WS); buriti stem substrate (BU); and, coconut fiber substrate (CF). Stress was assessed based on chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and infrared thermography, and the growth environment was evaluated for light conditions and canopy cover. A completely randomized design was used with three treatments, each consisting of one substrate, with 10 single-plant replicates. After 850 days, fluorescence and survival of established plants (ESP) were re-evaluated. At 21 days after reintroduction, the plants showed 100% survival regardless of the substrate used, these values reached 73.3% for ESP plants. The largest variations between the temperature of the phorophytes and the temperature of the epiphytic orchid plants occurred on the day of reintroduction. There was no significant difference in the potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII: Fv/Fm) among treatments for ACP plants showed lower values of potential quantum efficiency (Fv/F0) to WS. Although the different substrates until 21 days did not significantly affect plant survival, temperature, or the photochemical efficiency of PSII, when ACP and ESP plants were compared, the quantum efficiency were significantly higher to acclimated plants indicating the better adjustment of the photosynthetic apparatus after 850 days justifying the high survival percentage. These data highlight the ability of S. crispa to resist in a heterogeneous light environment even through coming from asymbiotic sowing.

Differences in physical and structural characteristics of seeds may indicate variability within and between plant populations. In the present study, we performed a close characterization of dimension, shape, and tegument delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in seeds obtained from three species of the genus Annona (Annonaceae), i.e., Annona coriacea, A. montana, A. squamosa. Results showed that studied seeds may be sorted as scalene ellipsoids expressing low values for the seed sphericity. The morphological estimates suggested differences in seed shape for all species. A high correlation was observed between surface area and volume (r2 > 99%) for all the three species suggesting that in addition to structural shape. In addition, we also observed very high positive correlations (Rho = 1.000, p

In 2018, the theory of energy fluxes in biomembranes (TEFB) developed by Professor Dr. Reto Jorg Strasser (one of the most influential leaders in the deep understanding and application of chlorophyll a fluorescence) celebrated its 40th anniversary (Strasser 1978).

The physiological behavior of PSII measured by chlorophyll a fluorescence explains stress responses; wonders if it can differentiate plants from different populations. For this purpose, acclimated young plants of two C. pachystachya populations were cultivated from seeds. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence was measured after fertilization and [CO(2)](e). In the first 48 h after fertilization there was a reduction in the maximum quantum yield of PSII, while the means obtained under [CO(2)](e) were significantly higher than in other treatments (0.8 and 0.81). The variable PI best expressed the different conditions tested. Compared to their respective controls, the reduction of DIo/CS was 35.89 % in population (P) and 41.89 % in population (I), while the polyphasic fluorescence kinetics differed between treatments, but not necessarily between populations, except for post-fertilization at I-P steps. The analysis of kinetics between Fo and Fj (Wt) showed no K band during the O-J phase. The interferences found in PSII reinforces the idea of reversible damage to PSII. This effect is directly related to the reduced electron transport rate and increased non-photochemical dissipation and may be similar to those observed under field conditions after planting; adjustment time depends, among other factors, on the genetic potential of the species.

Soils of open pasture in the Cerrado (brazilian savanna) have farming limitations related to the high content of aluminum and water restrictions in the superficial horizons, due to easy drainage and large exposure to high levels of irradiance. Aiming to assess chlorophyll a fluorescence’s responses in two varieties of sugar cane in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul subjected to water restriction and different aluminum contents, an experiment was conducted in a controlled environment. The experimental lineation consisted of random blocks in a factorial scheme (2 varieties x 2 levels of water available in the soil based on field capacity [cc] and 3 contents of Al+3), with 15 replications. Significant differences were observed throughout and at the end of the experiment between the averages of some parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence for treatment EH1 and between varieties. Results obtained by means of the OJIP test were the most efficient for variety distinction. RB1 (RB 8555536) proved to be more responsive to treatments, variety RB2 (RB867515) did not present significant alterations between treatments; its suggests that most part of the radiation was efficiently used in the photochemical stage of photosynthesis, that makes it more tolerant to the subjected stresses. Key words: Saccharum spp, Cerrado, photosynthesis.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988441Adelia membranifolia (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. é uma árvore de pequeno porte, dioica, com distribuição restrita à América do Sul, sendo a única espécie do gênero Adelia L. (Euphorbiaceae) com ocorrência no Brasil, frequente e abundante na floresta ripária do rio da Prata, região sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Este estudo descreve os aspectos morfológicos dos frutos, das sementes e o desenvolvimento das fases juvenis de Adelia membranifolia e analisa o padrão de nervação foliar das plantas jovens visando contribuir com o conhecimento biológico e auxiliar na identificação da espécie em ambiente natural. O fruto é esquizocárpico, seco, de coloração amarelada, tricoco, mede em média 6,71 mm (± 0,51) de comprimento, 10,11 mm (± 0,78) de largura e pesa 0,42 g (± 0,12). A dispersão primária é autocórica e as sementes possuem forma globosa, coloração acinzentada, carúncula rudimentar, medem em média 3,90 mm (± 0,20) de comprimento e 3,76 mm (± 0,23) de largura. A taxa de germinação é de aproximadamente 90 % em câmara de germinação e 80 % em viveiro de mudas. A germinação é do tipo fanerocotiledonar epígea e o desenvolvimento das plântulas ocorre entre 5 a 15 dias. Os cotilédones e eofilos apresentam nervação do tipo pinada com padrão camptódromo broquidódromo.