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Objetivo: analizar el patrón temporal y estimar las tasas de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida y por causas evitables en el estado de Pernambuco en el período de 2000 a 2021. Método: estudio ecológico, teniendo como unidad de análisis el trimestre. La fuente de datos se constituyó por el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad y el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos. El modelado de series temporales se realizó según el Modelo Autorregresivo Integrado de Promedio Móvil. Resultados: se registraron 14.462 óbitos en las primeras 24 horas de vida, siendo 11.110 (el 76,8%) evitables. Se observa para los pronósticos ( forecasts) que la tasa de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida registro una variación de 3,3 a 2,4 por 1.000 nacidos vivos, y la tasa de mortalidad por causas evitables de 2,3 a 1,8 por 1.000 nacidos vivos. Conclusión: la predicción sugirió avances en la reducción de la mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida en el estado y por causas evitables. Los modelos ARIMA presentaron estimaciones satisfactorias para las tasas de mortalidad y por causas evitables en las primeras 24 horas de vida.

Introduction. In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death in Mexico among young people ages 15 and 29, accounting for 43.0% of all suicides in the country, making it a major public health issue. Objective. To explore changes in the geographic distribution of suicide rates by state and to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and pattern of suicide mortality in young Mexicans ages 15 to 29 between 1990 and 2020. Method. Descriptive, ecological time-series study, based on official information. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using information on deaths (INEGI) and population estimates (CONAPO). The magnitude, distribution, and patterns of suicide mortality at the national level and by state were analyzed using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results. From 1990 to 2020, suicide mortality in young people increased by 198% and was higher in women (285%) than men (178%). The states with the highest suicide mortality rates from 2016 to 2020 were Chihuahua (18.5 suicides/100,000 young people ages 15-29), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1), and San Luis Potosí (12.9), accounting for 23.0% of total suicide deaths. Discussion and conclusion. The study of mortality trends could contribute to the management of a national suicide prevention strategy in young Mexicans, providing support for public health decision-making, such as the identification of the states and regions that should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: a high percentage of people who have suffered from COVID-19 report, after recovery from the acute phase, manifestations that last for more than three weeks, and even for three months after the original clinical picture.Objective: to characterize, from the clinical and epidemiological point of view, patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage, belonging to the Hermanos Martínez Tamayo Polyclinic, from October to November 2021. All patients were studied (N= 400) attended in post-COVID-19 consultation in the declared period. The information was obtained through epidemiological surveys carried out.Results: there was a predominance of patients aged between 50 and 59 years old, female. The most frequent clinical manifestations were cough, loss of taste and smell. The incomplete vaccination scheme was the most frequent. The most used place of admission were isolation centers, as well as the use of Nasalferon as a treatment. Complications predominated in unvaccinated patients, and aged 60 years and over.Conclusions: a high percentage of patients presented clinical manifestations after the acute period of the disease. COVID-19, in the medium term, had greater implications in the respiratory, nervous and osteomyoarticular systems. Vaccination campaigns help prevent serious symptoms of the virus and counteract complications.

Introducción: Los trastornos emocionales y del comportamiento que se inician en la infancia llevan a cambios que se extienden hasta la edad adulta, con consecuencias sociales. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de la depresión en la adultez con trastornos mentales de inicio en la infancia y otras condiciones, en Envigado, 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, tipo observacional, transversal con intención analítica. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 737 individuos, entre 18 y 65 años. Se aplicó el instrumento CIDI – CAPI de la OMS. El procesamiento y análisis se llevó a cabo en SPSS v. 21 de la Universidad CES y Epidat 4.2. Resultados: La proporción de depresión en la adultez es de 10,8%, en la población de estudio que tuvo antecedente de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) fue aproximadamente 5,6 veces más que en aquellos que no tenían este antecedente (OR= 6,62; IC95% 1,92–22,7). Conclusiones: El TDAH en la infancia incrementa la probabilidad de presentar depresión en la adultez en la población de Envigado, lo cual soporta la importancia de promover acciones de salud mental en la niñez, para prevenir la depresión en la edad adulta.

Frequency, association and impact measures are key concepts in clinical epidemiology; however, it has been found that a considerable proportion of health students and professionals have no knowledge of how to use or interpret them when reading a scientific paper or conducting research. This article aims to explain the main epidemiological measures, how they are used, derived and interpreted. They are approached from the perspective of each of the most frequently used types of primary quantitative research studies (randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control estudies and cross-sectional studies) in order to provide the reader with the context in which they are used. Moreover, the process for calculating and interpreting each result in a real setting is explained using clinical examples for a better understanding of these concepts and in order to prevent their use from becoming just a mechanical or repetitive exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: a high percentage of people who have suffered from COVID-19 report, after recovery from the acute phase, manifestations that last for more than three weeks, and even for three months after the original clinical picture. Objective: to characterize, from the clinical and epidemiological point of view, patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage, belonging to the Hermanos Martínez Tamayo Polyclinic, from October to November 2021. All patients were studied (N= 400) attended in post-COVID-19 consultation in the declared period. The information was obtained through epidemiological surveys carried out. Results: there was a predominance of patients aged between 50 and 59 years old, female. The most frequent clinical manifestations were cough, loss of taste and smell. The incomplete vaccination scheme was the most frequent. The most used place of admission were isolation centers, as well as the use of Nasalferon as a treatment. Complications predominated in unvaccinated patients, and aged 60 years and over. Conclusions: a high percentage of patients presented clinical manifestations after the acute period of the disease. COVID-19, in the medium term, had greater implications in the respiratory, nervous and osteomyoarticular systems. Vaccination campaigns help prevent serious symptoms of the virus and counteract complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: in 2021 the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that 160,000 children became infected with HIV. For this reason, the elimination of motherto- child transmission of HIV (MTCT-HIV) has become a global public health priority. Objective: to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and trend of cases by MTCT-HIV from 1996 to 2018, in Mexico. Material and methods: descriptive study, based on official records at the national level, identifying the cases due to MTCT-HIV and their distribution according to the mother's residence. The information was grouped by state and health jurisdiction (HJ) zones, using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results: between 1986 and 2018, 3,989 MTCT-HIV cases were diagnosed. Although there was a significant decrease in the number of cases from 2006, in 2018 there were 81 cases. From 2013 to 2018, 470 cases were registered, of which 50.9% were concentrated in six Mexican States and 49.4% in 24 HJ. Conclusion: although there is progress with the data obtained, it is possible to identify geographic areas where it is necessary to prioritize actions to eliminate MTCT-HIV in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colombia es reconocida en la región por la universalidad tanto de su sistema de salud como de sus sistemas de información. Si bien el Sistema de Información Integral para la Protección Social (SISPRO) tiene como finalidad cumplir una función administrativa dentro del sistema de salud, se están reconociendo sus usos en investigación. SISPRO está compuesto por varias bases de datos diferentes: las estadísticas vitales, el registro individual de prestaciones en salud (RIPS) y la clasificación única de trámites en salud (CUPS), entre otras. Las estadísticas vitales registran los nacimientos y las defunciones, junto con la ubicación geográfica, la edad de la madre o la causa de la muerte, entre otra información. Los RIPS son la base de datos más utilizada en investigación en salud, ya que permiten establecer el número de contactos que las personas tienen con el sistema de salud (más de 2 mil millones en el último quinquenio) y conocer los principales diagnósticos registrados en cada uno de estos contactos. Con RIPS, ha sido posible establecer la prevalencia de esclerosis múltiple o estimar la carga de enfermedad de la epilepsia en Colombia. RIPS también tiene información útil sobre el costo de la atención médica. Finalmente, los CUPS permiten cuantificar los procedimientos de salud, por ejemplo, podemos estimar en 1879 el número de procedimientos de trombólisis de vasos intracraneales en Colombia entre 2017 y 2021. La calidad de la información es una gran limitación en toda base de datos administrativa, sin embargo, SISPRO representa una gran oportunidad para utilizar los registros oficiales para generar conocimiento, comprender la distribución geográfica de las enfermedades y contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas en nuestra población.

A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies and the factors associated with it, in the province of Coronel Portillo (Ucayali) during 2013. A total of 917 surveys were carried out among household heads in three districts of the province (Callería, Manantay and Yarinacocha), in which the proportion of CAM use was calculated and the relationship with sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, marital status, occupation and income) was analyzed. From the total, 179 respondents (19.5%) mentioned that they used CAM in the last 12 months. A statistically significant relationship was found between the use of CAM therapies and educational level (p 0.001), respondent’s occupation (p 0.001) and monthly income (p 0.001). Future research will define the found associations and the variables involved.

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de publicaciones en malaria asociada al embarazo en el ámbito mundial, con base en los países, tipos y años de estudio, 1925-2018. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, mediante el seguimiento de la guía prisma y garantizando la reproducibilidad del protocolo de selección y extracción de variables. Se aplicaron doce estrategias de búsqueda en PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO y Google Scholar. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa mediante frecuencias para el país, año de estudio y tipología de investigación. Resultados: Se tamizaron 3362 publicaciones, de las cuales 617 cumplieron el protocolo. El 81,5 % fueron de África, 9,9 % de Asia y 5,3 % de América. La mayor proporción de publicaciones fue posterior al 2009. El 65,8 % fueron estudios observacionales; el 22,0 %, ensayos clínicos, y los estudios cualitativos, de evaluación económica o evaluación de programas y políticas, fueron menores al 5 %. No se hallaron estudios de pruebas diagnósticas, evaluación de programas o investigaciones cualitativas en América. Conclusión: El perfil de publicaciones evidencia el predominio de la investigación epidemiológica tradicional-positivista y su concentración en África, lo que implica retos para las agendas sanitarias y de investigación en salud pública, pero con mayor necesidad en América.

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es una de las principales enfermedades a nivel mundial y constituye una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad para países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Objetivo: determinar la importancia epidemiológica de la hipertensión arterial como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en diferentes estudios realizados a nivel mundial, en Latinoamérica y Colombia. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica en las bases de datos de PudMed/Medline, Scielo, LILACS, así como también en revistas médicas y textos publicados por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Discusión y conclusiones: más de 90% de los pacientes hipertensos padecen la forma primaria de la enfermedad, la cual está asociada con un aumento de la resistencia vascular periférica. Las características socioeconómicas de los países y el nivel educativo individual se relacionan con la prevalencia y el manejo adecuado de esta patología. El aumento en la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas, sumado a eventos históricos de importancia, fueron determinantes para el desarrollo de estudios epidemiológicos mundiales como el Framingham Heart Study. En América Latina y en Colombia se han realizado diferentes estudios que permiten establecer datos relacionados con la hipertensión arterial, demostrando cifras alarmantes en cuanto al conocimiento, tratamiento y control de esta condición, por lo cual, surge la necesidad de establecer programas para la detección de pacientes hipertensos con el fin de generar estrategias que disminuyan de manera significativa las enfermedades cardiovasculares.

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Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La evaluación de la calidad de los estudios es muy importante en las diferentes disciplinas científicas. Los estudios basados en encuestas al igual que otros tipos de estudio requieren altos estándares de calidad tanto en su ejecución como en su informe, sin embargo, existe evidencia que indica que no es así. Se han propuesto muchas herramientas que ayudan a valorar la calidad del informe de los estudios que utilizan encuestas, la gran mayoría no están validadas ni cuentan con un consenso general para su uso; por lo cual, el objetivo de esta nota científica es presentar las directrices más aceptadas (SURGE y CHERRIES) que ayuden a informar este tipo de estudios de manera eficaz y transparente.

Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad considerada como problema de salud pública que afecta a un gran número de personas y que requiere políticas de gobierno que enfrenten esta situación. Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones en las frecuencias de obesidad no mórbida (ONM) y obesidad mórbida (OM) de acuerdo a diferentes encuestas nacionales en función de variables socio-demográficas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo secundario de datos de cinco encuestas nacionales: Evaluación Nutricional del Poblador Peruano (ENPPE 1975), Encuesta Nacional de Indicadores Nutricionales, Bioquímicos, Socio-económicos y Culturales (CENAN 2005), Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO 2009-2010) y Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO 2012-2013). La ONM se identificó por un IMC de 30 a 39,99 kg/m2 y para la OM con un IMC igual o mayor de 40 kg/m2. Resultados: La frecuencia de la ONM se incrementó de 8,5% en 1975 a 18,5% en el 2013, mientras la OM de 0,5 a 0,9% en el mismo periodo. La presencia de OM fue mayor en el género femenino (1,3%) frente al masculino (0,4%), con un incremento promedio en mujeres de 0,6% (0,7% en 1975 y 1,3% en 2013) y en varones de 0,2%. La presencia de obesidad fue mayor en el grupo de 50 a 59 años, en quienes viven en regiones costeras, áreas urbanas y ciudades ubicadas por debajo de 1000 msnm. Conclusiones: La ONM y la OM, presentes desde hace muchos años en nuestro país, tuvieron tendencia al incremento progresivo en los años de estudio, a predominio del género femenino.

Introducción: En el Perú, poco se conoce acerca de los factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte fetal tardía, lo que se considera información valiosa para implementar estrategias de prevención. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre factores sociodemográficos, obstétricos y patológicos y la muerte fetal tardía en un hospital peruano. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles entre el mes de julio de 2014 y junio de 2016. Los casos fueron gestantes que tuvieron muerte fetal intrauterina, y los controles fueron gestantes que tuvieron un recién nacido vivo. Se evaluaron factores como nivel educativo, ocupación, número de controles prenatales (CPN), y la presencia de complicaciones como parto pre-termino, pre-eclampsia o retardo del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) Resultados: Se incluyeron 60 casos y 120 controles. El nivel educativo primario (OR: 4,3; IC 95% 1,0-18,0), la ocupación trabajadora (OR: 3,8; IC 95% 1,3-11,0), no tener CPN (OR: 21,0; IC 95% 2,6-170,1), la pre-eclampsia (OR: 4,1; IC 95% 1,3-12,7), el parto pretérmino (OR: 10,1; IC 95% 4.7-21,7) y RCIU (OR: 7,0; IC 95% 2,4-20,5) se asociaron con la mortalidad fetal. Conclusión: Existen factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, obstétricos y patológicos asociados a tener muerte fetal tardía.

Objetivo: Cuantificar la incidencia y los factores de exposición relacionados con el desarrollo de la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos adulto durante tres meses. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de tipo cuantitativo con dos componentes: descriptivo longitudinal y de cohorte histórica, se emplearon los criterios de AKIN, participaron dos instituciones de salud, una de orden privado y otra de orden público. Resultados: Se incluyeron 186 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 56,2 +/- 20,14 años. Se encontró una incidencia del 21,6 % (IC 95 % 17-30) de insuficiencia renal aguda y una tasa de incidencia de 29,2 por cada 100 pacientes año exposición. En promedio la elevación de creatinina fue 0,47 mg/dL y el gasto urinario de 0,37 cc/kg/h, los días en ocurrir el evento 3,1 (IC 95 % 2,48-3,74). Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre insuficiencia cardíaca aguda 6,84 días (IC 95 % 4,21-9,48) (p=0,026), posoperatorios 9,82 días (IC 95 % 8,42-11,2) (p=0,04) y trauma craneoencefálico 4,5 días (IC 95 % 1,56-7,44) (p=0,043) como causas de ingreso y la aparición de insuficiencia renal aguda Conclusiones: La proporción de incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda identificada en el presente estudio, es similar a estudios realizados en Colombia, sin embargo, difiere de otros realizados en el exterior. La sepsis fue el diagnóstico con mayor frecuencia entre los pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda, seguido de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. Se encontró significancia estadística en el desarrollo de la insuficiencia renal aguda y la administración de nitroglicerina.

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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetive. The cohort study is an observational design. This only includes participants who have the same risk of being exposed, then compares who is exposed and unexposed presents the outcome of interest during the same period. The temporality between the exposure and the outcome of interest in a cohort study is well defined because it is certain that the exposure antecedent to the outcome of interest. Cohort studies can be prospective, retrospective, or a combination of both. One of the main advantages is its longitudinal nature, making it possible to estimate the incidence and relative risk as an association of interest. Some variables may vary over time, so it is essential to use advanced data modeling techniques such as fixed and random effects models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Search and analyze the profile of patients with gastric cancer enrolled in the National Cancer Institute, José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), and the most prevalent nursing diagnoses. Methodology: A sectional study developed at the Cancer Hospital I - INCA, approved by CEP-INCA, with a sample of secondary data from 649 patients admitted from October 1, 2015 to April 18, 2018. Data were analyzed by R® software - version 3.4 .4. In the Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. The level of significance of 5% was adopted. Results: The average age was 62.74 years, ranging from 21 years to 96 years. 35.29% of patients had advanced disease. Low adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent (42.52%). Signal ring cells were present in 32.05% of the patients. The diffuse type was highlighted (17.72%). There was predominance of involvement of the middle third of the stomach (29.74%). Hypothesis tests have shown that the staging versus death and color versus death variables maintain a relationship of dependence. The variables age versus death and age versus the presence of the Sinete ring present a distinct distribution among them, which means that the first variable can influence the second. The most prevalent nursing diagnoses were present in 100% of the sample and were in congruence with the profile of the clientele identified. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of a population is of great value to guide the health policies of a country, to the internal institutional planning and to guide the assistance actions of the multiprofessional teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To verify the prevalence of caries disease in preschoolers using the ceo-d index. Method: Cross-sectional study, developed between February and October 2016, with 189 preschoolers with age of five years. The data were collected through clinical examination, systematized in Microsoft Excel® and analyzed with descriptive statistics according to guidelines of SB-Brazil 2010 Research Manual. Results: The ceo-d index was 4.48, with a predominance of 90.4% of the carious component, 3.4% indicated extraction, and 6.1% obturated. Only 20.1% of the sample obtained ceo-d = 0 (did not present caries lesions) and 68.7% never visited the dentist until the moment of the research. Conclusion: The analysis of the results of the components "c", "e" and "d" of the ceo-d index infers that the high prevalence of caries disease is related to diverse factors such as poor oral hygiene, fear/anxiety, difficulty accessing health services or shortage of these for the age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) project is a global approach to assess the prevalence of asthma and other allergies in different latitudes. One of the great advantages of this project is that it compares using the same methodology, the prevalence of asthma in more than 50 cities during the same period of time, nevertheless the reproducibility of these results when compared with other studies of prevalence in each region has not been evaluated. In this review we aim to compare the epidemiological data provided by the ISAAC against the data identified in some regional cohort studies and by means of a critical evaluation to highlight the main similarities and to analyze the differences between these epidemiological data.

Introduction: discoloration due to fluorosis is frequent in northern Peru, making extrinsic discoloration to go unnoticed or confused with other conditions due to lack of appropriate differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with extrinsic discoloration in deciduous dentition among schoolchildren of primary schools from Pimentel, Salas, and Chiclayo (Lambayeque, Peru) in 2015. Methods: This was an epidemiological analytical study using cases and controls, aimed at identifying risk factors associated with extrinsic discoloration. It used a census population of 238 clinical records of first and second graders from three different primary schools. Calibration was conducted by differential diagnosis of discoloration (kappa k = 0.76), using Odds Ratio (OR) as a measure of association to determine the significance of risk factors. Results: The prevalence of extrinsic discolorations was 6.72%. In all three schools there was significant association between low presence of caries and extrinsic discoloration, like this: Nicolás La Torre (OR: 23.46 CI95% 2.53-217.96), Santa Rosa (OR: 19.33 CI 95% 1.81-206.73), and Lanchaco (OR:16.88 CI95% 1.71-166.21). The association with chromogenic bacteria was also significant in the three schools: Nicolás La Torre (OR:15.56 CI95% 1.70-142.05), Santa Rosa (OR:13.75 CI95% 1.31-143.85), and Lanchaco (OR:10.91 CI95% 1.14-104.81). Conclusions: in the schoolchildren from Pimentel, Salas, and Chiclayo there was an approximation between expected and found results, agreeing with other studies and antecedents.

Introduction: Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases and annually they cause one million deaths worldwide. In Colombia, malaria, dengue, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are persistent endemo-epidemic events. Objective: To determine the behavior and transmission scenarios of vector-borne diseases in Colombia between 1990 and 2016. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study on the epidemiological behavior of the main vector-borne diseases in Colombia between 1990 and 2016 based on information from official secondary sources. Results: During the study period, there were 5,360,144 cases of vector-borne diseases, 54.7% of which were due to malaria and 24.9% to dengue, accounting for 80% of the cumulative disease burden of vector-borne disease cases. The median incidence rates were 1,371 and 188 per 100,000 inhabitants for malaria and dengue, respectively. In addition, emerging events such as Chikungunya registered 774,831 cases since its introduction in 2014, while 117,674 Zika fever cases were reported since its emergence in 2015. In rural settings, parasitic vector-borne diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease predominated, while in urban scenarios dengue, chikungunya and Zika were predominant. Conclusions: Persistent epidemic and endemic transmission of vector-borne diseases in urban and rural settings in Colombia was observed mainly in the case of malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Such transmission was focused and had variable intensity patterns. On the other hand, the conditions that have favored the emergence of new arboviruses persist.

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Objective: To investigate the concordance between the modified Framingham score using the ankle-brachial index and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with the other scores. Materials and method: Cross-sectional study nested with a cohort, with elderly population, from January to March, 2018. The population characterization was presented as mean, median, absolute and relative frequencies according to degree of normality. The Kappa concordance of the modified Framingham score was calculated with the Framingham score itself, with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (Score) and with the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (Procam). Results: The modified Framingham score shows moderate Kappa concordance with the Framingham score and the Score (p <0.001), but weak with Procam. The ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein presented more reclassification of individuals among risk strata than the ankle-brachial index. Conclusions: The Framingham score modified with the Framingham score itself, and then with the Score obtained a higher proportion of concordant cases in the high-risk stratum. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the ankle-brachial index modify cardiovascular risk as emerging factors to provide an accurate risk stratification and to infer better management of the therapy. Thus, the Framingham score with its reclassification is the best screening tool for cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Measurement is essential in epidemiology, and this is why detailed knowledge of the different measures that are estimated in this discipline is necessary, since information interpretation and, most importantly, the decisions made in the care of patients depend on it. This article describes the three main groups of measures in epidemiology: frequency, association and potential impact; examples and instructions for their calculation are also provided. Incidence and prevalence are the most significant frequency measures, and can be obtained when both morbidity and mortality of diseases are studied. In descriptive epidemiology these measures are fundamental and involve studying how the disease is distributed in the population, in particular, the incidence according to the individual, place and time. The measures of association that are used in analytical epidemiology, such as prevalence ratio, odds ratio and relative risk, are also detailed. In addition, attributable risk, population and etiological fractions of exposed subjects and measures of potential impact are addressed. In general, it is important to consider that the relevance of calculating the frequency, association and potential impact measures depends on the study design.

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that has increased over the past 2 decades. Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Methods: A descriptive study of prevalence in public schools of the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos, at the preschool, elementary, and high school levels using the “Asthma diagnosis for epidemiological studies questionnaire.” Results: 7947 surveys were obtained from students ages 3 to 15 years, funding a prevalence of asthma of 11.9%, 49% in boys and 51% in girls. As for the symptoms of asthma, the highest prevalence was cough that increases with cold weather (63%), however, in asthma patients this symptom only occurred in 17%; chest tightness had the lowest prevalence of symptoms (10%); however, in asthma patients it was 49%. Conclusions: The asthma diagnosis for epidemiological studies questionnaire found an average asthma prevalence of 11.9% in preschool, elementary, and high school students, slightly below that diagnosed in other cities in central Mexico. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was higher than the diagnosis of asthma.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e analisar os coeficientes de incidência de úlceras por pressão (UP) e os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento em pacientes críticos com doenças cardiopneumológicas. Método Estudo de coorte, prospectivo realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Cardiopneumológica de um hospital de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo, durante os meses de novembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. Participaram do estudo 370 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, que não apresentavam UP na admissão e que estavam na UTI há menos de 24 horas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises univariadas e multivariada (Classification And Regression Tree - CART). Resultados Os coeficientes de incidência de UP foram: 11,0% para o total, distribuindo-se em 8,0% entre os homens e 3,0% para as mulheres (p=0,018); 10,0% na raça branca e 6,5% em pessoas com idade igual e superior a 60 anos. Os principais fatores de risco encontrados foram tempo de permanência na UTI igual ou superior a 9,5 dias, idade igual ou superior a 42,5 anos e raça branca. Conclusão O estudo contribui para os conhecimentos relacionados à epidemiologia das UP em pacientes críticos com doenças cardiopneumológicas, favorecendo o planejamento de cuidados preventivos específicos para essa clientela.

Objetivo: Caracterizar las fracturas maxilofaciales por accidente de tráfico en pacientes del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (Medellín-Colombia, 1998-2010). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo (n = 1609) con la información de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión según el objetivo general. Variables: sexo, edad, año, número de fracturas, tipo de fractura, tipo de vehículo. Análisis descriptivo de las variables y de la frecuencia de las fracturas por accidente de tráfico según año de estudio y sexo. Se calcularon odds ratios crudas y ajustadas (ORa) mediante regresión logística con el fin de establecer asociaciones entre la edad y el tipo de vehículo con la presencia de dos o más fracturas estratificando por sexo. Resultados: Se observa un aumento en la frecuencia de fracturas maxilofaciales por accidente de tráfico en el año 2007 (hombres, n = 198; mujeres, n = 35), y un descenso en el periodo 2008-2010 para ambos sexos. Las fracturas ocurrieron con más frecuencia en menores de 35 años (80%) y en hombres (82%). La mayor frecuencia de fracturas ocurre en motoristas. Los hombres usuarios de motocicleta (ORa = 1,41; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,02-1,94) y bicicleta (ORa = 1,61; IC95%: 1,01-2,56) tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de presentar dos o más fracturas, en comparación con los peatones, tras ajustar por otras variables. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las fracturas ocurrieron en hombres y en motocicleta. Es necesario explorar otros determinantes que afectan su epidemiología y promover estrategias que permitan mejorar el uso de elementos de protección, así como los conocimientos y las prácticas de los conductores.

Background: The Fourth National Study of Oral Health (ENSAB IV) represents a milestone in national health studies in Colombia because it arises from an alternative and critical theoretical approach called Social determination of the health disease process (DSSE). However, operationalizing this theoretical approach involved important challenges and generated some tensions that limited the critical and transformative perspective that guided this study. Purpose: To show the main tensions and challenges epistemological and practical in the process of design and execution of the ENSAB IV. Methods: A case study was conducted triangulating information from primary and secondary sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to key stakeholders who participated in the different phases of the study and a content analysis of the protocol and the final study report was made. Results: The main tensions and challenges highlighted were the change of institutions and actors responsible for the design and execution phases; the non-appropriation of the theoretical-methodological approach in the final results and recommendations and the lack of visibility and articulation of the qualitative component within the study. Conclusion: The fragmentation of the design process and implementation of the study and the change of actors responsible for each phase, created difficulties for the operationalization of the theoretical methodological approach proposed in the design of the ENSAB IV, both by the little methodological guidance of the approach in itself, as by the institutional resistance to show health outcomes from critical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Peripheral venous blood gases may be useful in subjects with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to evaluate their gas exchange. Objective: To describe the variability of parameters of arterial and peripheral venous blood gases in subjects with stable obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: Cross-sectional design, consecutive subjects were studied in a blinded manner, while arterial and peripheral venous blood was obtained for analysis. Variability was established with Bland-Altman statistical method and its magnitude with the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval). Results: Three hundred blood samples from 150 patients were studied, 89 (59.3%) women, age 66 ± 10 years old, body mass index 28.44 ± 4.81 Kg/m2. Mean difference (bias) [intraclass correlation coeficient] pH 0.012 (-0.009, 0.032) [0.927], Carbon dioxide pressure - 6.5 (-14.1, 1.1) [ 0.643], serum bicarbonate -1.3 (-3.3, 0.7) [0.929], base excess -1 (-4, 2.1) [0.904], hemoglobin -0.1 (-1.9, 1.8) [0.947]. Conclusions: The variability of pH, serum bicarbonate, and hemoglobin are similar in both blood samples. These arterial or peripheral venous blood gas parameters could be used interchangeably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Frente a los indicios epidemiológicos de un aumento en la incidencia de los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) y la escasa tradición de coordinación entre el sistema educativo, de atención a la dependencia y el sistema sanitario en personas adolescentes y adultas, se propone como alternativa asistencial la atención en la red general de salud mental complementada con tratamiento asertivo comunitario.

Desde la perspectiva de los Derechos Humanos y de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidades (2006) queremos presentar, dentro de los trastornos de espectro autista (TEA), aquellas caracterísitcas de las personas que sufren hipersensibilidad y las medidas de actuación que deben tenerse en consideración. Mostraremos, además, algún modelo dentro del territorio nacional en la búsqueda de buenas prácticas que respondan a una atención adecuada a las necesidades inviduales de cada uno, enmarcado en un Estado de Bienestar en el que los derechos sean respetados.