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1. FunAndes – A functional trait database of Andean plants

Author

Selene Báez, Luis Cayuela, Manuel J. Macía, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Amira Apaza-Quevedo, Itziar Arnelas, Natalia Baca-Cortes, Guillermo Bañares de Dios, Marijn Bauters, Celina Ben Saadi, Cecilia Blundo, Marian Cabrera, Felipe Castaño, Leslie Cayola, Julia G. de Aledo, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Belén Fadrique, William Farfán-Rios, Alfredo Fuentes, Claudia Garnica-Díaz, Mailyn González, Diego González, Isabell Hensen, Ana Belén Hurtado, Oswaldo Jadán, Denis Lippok, M. Isabel Loza, Carla Maldonado, Lucio Malizia, Laura Matas-Granados, Jonathan A. Myers, Natalia Norden, Imma Oliveras Menor, Kerstin Pierick, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Beatriz Salgado-Negret, Matthias Schleuning, Miles Silman, María Elena Solarte-Cruz, J. Sebastián Tello, Hans Verbeeck, Emilio Vilanova, Greta Weithmann, and Jürgen Homeier

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) Bark thickness • Leaf area • Leaf aluminium (Al) content per leaf dry mass • Specific leaf area • Leaf calcium (Ca) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13 C) • Leaf compoundness • Leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass (leaf dry matter content, LDMC) • Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15 N) • Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf texture (sclerophylly, physical strength, toughness) • leaf thickness • Plant growth form • Stem conduit cross-sectional area (vessels and tracheids) • Stem conduit density (vessels and tracheids) • Sapwood specific conductivity Technology Type(s) bark gauge • Scanner Device • inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy • Calculated from area and mass • CN analyzer • Isotope analyzer • in vivo visual assessment • Ratio of fresh to dry mass • punch tester • micrometer • optical analysis of cross sections with specific software • weight and volume measurement • estimated with equations from wood anatomy Factor Type(s) Country • Lat • Long • Elevation • Collection_year Sample Characteristic - Organism Tracheophyta Sample Characteristic - Environment Andean ecosystems • cloud forest • tropical upper montane forest • tropical lower montane forest • Paramo • Andes Sample Characteristic - Location South America • Venezuela • Colombia • Ecuador • Peru • Bolivia • Argentina

Published
2022
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3. Forest biomass density across large climate gradients in northern South America is related to water availability but not with temperature.

Author

Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Luis Cayuela, Sebastián González-Caro, Ana M Aldana, Pablo R Stevenson, Oliver Phillips, Álvaro Cogollo, Maria C Peñuela, Patricio von Hildebrand, Eliana Jiménez, Omar Melo, Ana Catalina Londoño-Vega, Irina Mendoza, Oswaldo Velásquez, Fernando Fernández, Marcela Serna, Cesar Velázquez-Rua, Doris Benítez, and José M Rey-Benayas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Understanding and predicting the likely response of ecosystems to climate change are crucial challenges for ecology and for conservation biology. Nowhere is this challenge greater than in the tropics as these forests store more than half the total atmospheric carbon stock in their biomass. Biomass is determined by the balance between biomass inputs (i.e., growth) and outputs (mortality). We can expect therefore that conditions that favor high growth rates, such as abundant water supply, warmth, and nutrient-rich soils will tend to correlate with high biomass stocks. Our main objective is to describe the patterns of above ground biomass (AGB) stocks across major tropical forests across climatic gradients in Northwestern South America. We gathered data from 200 plots across the region, at elevations ranging between 0 to 3400 m. We estimated AGB based on allometric equations and values for stem density, basal area, and wood density weighted by basal area at the plot-level. We used two groups of climatic variables, namely mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration as surrogates of environmental energy, and annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and water availability as surrogates of water availability. We found that AGB is more closely related to water availability variables than to energy variables. In northwest South America, water availability influences carbon stocks principally by determining stand structure, i.e. basal area. When water deficits increase in tropical forests we can expect negative impact on biomass and hence carbon storage.

Published
2017
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4. ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS RESERVAS Y PÉRDIDAS DE CARBONO POR DEFORESTACIÓN EN LOS BOSQUES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA ESTIMATION OF CARBON STOCKS AND LOSS BY DEFORESTATION IN THE FORESTS OF ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

Author

Adriana Yepes-Quintero, Álvaro J. Duque-Montoya, Diego Navarrete-Encinales, Juan Phillips-Bernal, Edersson Cabrera-Montenegro, Adriana Corrales-Osorio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Gustavo Galindo-García, María C. García-Dávila, Álvaro Idárraga, and Diana Vargas-Galvis

Subjects
biomasa aérea, bosques tropicales andinos, contenidos de carbono, emisiones potenciales de CO2, gradiente altitudinal, parcelas permanentes, above-ground biomass, altitudinal gradient, Andean tropical forests, carbon stocks, potential CO2 emissions, permanent plots, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Los bosques tropicales almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono en su biomasa, y por ello juegan un papel determinante en el ciclo global de este elemento. Las variables biofísicas determinan la capacidad de almacenamiento de los bosques como reservorios de carbono. No obstante en los últimos años, la deforestación tropical ha hecho que estos ecosistemas se conviertan en fuente de emisiones de dióxico de carbono (CO2) a la atmósfera. El presente estudio quiso evaluar la distribución de la biomasa aérea (BA) y carbono en relación con la variación altitudinal de los bosques naturales del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), así como las pérdidas potenciales asociadas con la deforestación, durante el periodo 2000-2007. Para ello se empleó información estructural (diámetro, biomasa aérea) proveniente de 16 parcelas permanentes de 1,0 ha, dentro de las cuales se midió la vegetación leñosa arbórea. Se cuantificó la deforestación a nivel departamental usando imágenes de sensores remotos MODIS para el período 2000-2007. Los resultados evidencian que la BA y los contenidos de carbono en los bosques naturales de Antioquia, presentan una relación inversa con la altitud. La BA promedio fue 244 ± 63 Mg ha-1 y la tasa de deforestación en el período 2000-2007 fue 25.279 ha año-1. Durante este período se perdieron en total 176.950 ha de bosque natural, con las cuales se emitieron potencialmente a la atmósfera 79.161,29 Gg CO2. En Antioquia posiblemente problemáticas como la deforestación, pueden llegar a destruir considerablemente estos ecosistemas, ocasionando la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos importantes como el almacenamiento de carbono.Tropical forests store large amounts of carbon (C2) in their biomass, thus playing a key role in the global cycle of this element. The carbon storage capability of tropical forests is largely determined by biophysical factors. However, in recent years tropical deforestation has converted this ecosystem into a source of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. In this study, our goal was to evaluate the distribution of above-ground biomass (AGB) along a complex environmental gradient of natural forests in the Department of Antioquia (Colombia); as well as to assess the potential amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by deforestation between 2000 and 2007. We used structural information (diameter, aerial biomass) from 16 1-ha permanent plots where woody vegetation was sampled. Deforestation in the department was quantified using MODIS terra images obtained from 2000-2007. We found a negative relationship between AGB and altitude in natural forests in Antioquia. Mean AGB was 244 ± 63 Mg ha-1 and the deforestation rate in the 2000-2007 period was 25, 279 ha yr-1. During this time, 176,950 ha of natural forest were lost, which means a total of 79,161.29 Gg CO2 were released into the atmosphere. In Antioquia, problems such as deforestation may result in a considerable destruction to this ecosystem, causing the loss of important ecosystem services, such as carbon storage.

Published
2011

5. La Educación Superior como Escenario de Reconciliación Territorial desde la Agroforestería climáticamente inteligente: Una estrategia para el desarrollo rural y el fortalecimiento de una cultura de paz en los municipios de Tumaco y Ricaurte del departamento de Nariño

Author

Diego Rosendo, Chamorro Viveros, primary, Lida Consuelo, Aranzazu Caicedo, additional, Ana María, Rey Obando, additional, Carlos Mauricio, Trujillo Torres, additional, Esteban, Álvarez Dávila, additional, Luís Rodrigo, Balarezo Urresta, additional, Víctor Alfonso, Bastidas Dorado, additional, Hernán Rigoberto, Benavides Rosales, additional, Israel, Biel Portero, additional, Tania G., Bolaños Enríquez, additional, Diego, Caicedo Rosero, additional, Luís, Carvajal Pérez, additional, Ángela M., Castillo Burbano, additional, Mauricio, Chamorro Rosero, additional, Olga Lucía, Hernández Manrique, additional, Segundo Ramiro, Mora Quilismal, additional, Camilo Ernesto, Rodríguez Quispe, additional, and Silvino, Vargas Hernández, additional

Published
2018
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6. Soil resistance and recovery during Neotropical forest succession

Author

Masha T. van der Sande, Jennifer S. Powers, Thom W. Kuyper, Natalia Norden, Beatriz Salgado-Negret, Jarcilene Silva de Almeida, Frans Bongers, Diego Delgado, Daisy H. Dent, Géraldine Derroire, Mario Marcos do Espirito Santo, Juan Manuel Dupuy, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Bryan Finegan, Mayra E. Gavito, José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, Catarina C. Jakovac, Isabel L. Jones, Maria das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Jorge A. Meave, Francisco Mora, Rodrigo Muñoz, Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas, Daniel Piotto, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Yasmani Caceres-Siani, Coralie Dalban-Pilon, Aurélie Dourdain, Dan V. Du, Daniel García Villalobos, Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, and Lourens Poorter

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, bulk density, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, pH, resilience, Forests, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, résilience des écosystèmes, Soil, Récupération des sols, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Bodembiologie, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, P34 - Biologie du sol, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Clay, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

The recovery of soil conditions is crucial for successful ecosystem restoration and, hence, for achieving the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Here, we assess how soils resist forest conversion and agricultural land use, and how soils recover during subsequent tropical forest succession on abandoned agricultural fields. Our overarching question is how soil resistance and recovery depend on local conditions such as climate, soil type and land-use history. For 300 plots in 21 sites across the Neotropics, we used a chronosequence approach in which we sampled soils from two depths in old-growth forests, agricultural fields (i.e. crop fields and pastures), and secondary forests that differ in age (1-95 years) since abandonment. We measured six soil properties using a standardized sampling design and laboratory analyses. Soil resistance strongly depended on local conditions. Croplands and sites on high-activity clay (i.e. high fertility) show strong increases in bulk density and decreases in pH, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) during deforestation and subsequent agricultural use. Resistance is lower in such sites probably because of a sharp decline in fine root biomass in croplands in the upper soil layers, and a decline in litter input from formerly productive old-growth forest (on high-activity clays). Soil recovery also strongly depended on local conditions. During forest succession, high-activity clays and croplands decreased most strongly in bulk density and increased in C and N, possibly because of strongly compacted soils with low C and N after cropland abandonment, and because of rapid vegetation recovery in high-activity clays leading to greater fine root growth and litter input. Furthermore, sites at low precipitation decreased in pH, whereas sites at high precipitation increased in N and decreased in C : N ratio. Extractable phosphorus (P) did not recover during succession, suggesting increased P limitation as forests age. These results indicate that no single solution exists for effective soil restoration and that local site conditions should determine the restoration strategies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378 (1867), ISSN:0962-8436, ISSN:1471-2970, ISSN:0080-4622

Published
2023

7. South American mountain ecosystems and global change – a case study for integrating theory and field observations for land surface modelling and ecosystem management

Author

Laszlo Nagy, Cleiton B. Eller, Lina M. Mercado, Francisco X. Cuesta, Luís D. Llambí, Erika Buscardo, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Carlos García-Núñez, Rafael S. Oliveira, Milton Barbosa, Sergio J. Ceballos, Marco Calderón-Loor, G. Wilson Fernandes, Ezequiel Aráoz, Ariadna M. Q. Muñoz, Ricardo Rozzi, Francisco Aguirre, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Norma Salinas, and Stephen Sitch

Subjects
Ecology, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Plot-based monitoring has yielded much information on the taxonomic diversity and carbon (C) storage in tropical lowland forests of the Amazon basin. This has resulted in an improved understanding of the relationship between lowland forest biomass dynamics and global change drivers, such as climate change and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Much less attention has been paid to the mountain ecosystems of South America that comprise montane forests and alpine vegetation (páramo, puna, high Andean grasslands, wetlands, and alpine heath). This vegetation complex provides a variety of ecosystem services and forms a natural laboratory along various physiographic, geological and evolutionary history/biogeography, and land use history gradients. Here, we review existing empirical understanding and model-based approaches to quantify the contribution of mountain ecosystems to ecosystem service provision in the rapidly changing socioecological setting of the South American mountains. The objective of this paper is to outline a broad road map for the implementation of mountain vegetation into dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) for use in Earth System Models (ESM), based on our current understanding of their structure and function and of their responsiveness to global change drivers. We also identify treeline processes, critical in mountain ecosystems, as key missing elements in DGVMs/ESMs, and thus explore in addition a treeline model. Stocktaking of the availability of empirical data was undertaken from eight research sites along the Andes and in south-eastern Brazil. Out of eight sites, two (one each in Venezuela and Brazil) had some climate, ecological and ecophysiological data potentially suitable to parametrise a DGVM. Tree biomass data were available for six sites. A preliminary assessment of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) DGVM was made to identify gaps in available data and their impacts on model parametrisation and calibration. Additionally, the potential climate-determined elevation of the treeline was modelled to check the DGVM for its ability to identify the transition between the montane forest and alpine vegetation. Outcomes of the evaluation of the JULES land surface model identified the following key processes in montane forests: temperature-related decrease in net primary production, respiration, and allocation to above-ground biomass and increase in soil C stocks with elevation. There was a variable agreement between simulated biomass and those derived from field measurements via allometric equations. We identified major gaps between data availability and the needs for process-based modelling of South American mountain vegetation and its dynamics in DGVMs. To bridge this gap, we propose a transdisciplinary network, composed of members of the theoretical/modelling and empirical scientific communities, to study the natural dynamics of mountain ecosystems and their responses to global change drivers locally, regionally and at the continental scale, within a social-ecological system framework. The work presented here forms the basis for the design of data collection from field measurements and instrumental monitoring stations to parametrise and verify DGVMs. The network is designed to collaborate with and complement existing long-term research initiatives in the region and will adopt existing standard field protocols. Complementary protocols will ensure compatibility between field data collection and data needed for process-based and empirical models.

Published
2023
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8. Árboles de la estación de monitoreo de biodiversidad en el centro de investigaciones macagual (Florencia-Caquetá) / Trees from the biodiversity monitoring station at the macagual research center (Florencia-Caquetá)

Author

Marco Aurelio Correa Munera, Javier Aldana García, and Esteban Álvarez Dávila

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Se determinó la diversidad y estructura de la vegetación arbórea con DAP ≥ 10 cm, en la Estación de Monitoreo de Biodiversidad, ubicada en el Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Florencia-Caquetá. Su vegetación corresponde a un bosque secundario, sobre el paisaje de lomerío. El área de la parcela es de una (1) hectárea de 20x500 m. Se censaron los individuos en las subparcelas de 20x20 m, siguiendo los parámetros para el establecimiento de parcelas permanentes. Se evaluó la diversidad verdadera de orden 0, 1 y 2 (q=0, q=1 y q=2), así como la estructura vertical y horizontal. Se censaron 569 árboles, 29 palmas y 4 arbustos, para un total de 602 individuos representados por 145 especies. La parcela cuenta con dos coberturas en diferentes estados sucesionales y una zona de transición (TN): 1) Bosque Intervenido (BI) con 16 años de recuperación, presenta mayor diversidad y estructura heterogénea, predominada por especies esciófitas; y 2) Rastrojo alto (RT), con más de 25 años de recuperación, predominado por especies pioneras y heliófilas de poblaciones abundantes.

Published
2021

9. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Ekananda Paudel, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Erika Berenguer, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Xinghui Lu, Luciana F. Alves, Yves Laumonier, Matt Bradford, Keith C. Hamer, Heike Culmsee, Robert M. Ewers, Jan Reitsma, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Anne Mette Lykke, Kuswata Kartawinata, Michael J. Lawes, Géraldine Derroire, Martin Gilpin, Jean-François Bastin, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Laszlo Nagy, José Luís Camargo, Gabriella Fredriksson, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Ida Theilade, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Bonaventure Sonké, Jefferson S. Hall, Naret Seuaturien, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Simon L. Lewis, Francesco Rovero, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Donald R. Drake, Agustín Rudas Lleras, Lee J. T. White, Gerardo A.Aymard Corredor, Damien Catchpole, Tariq Stévart, Samuel Almeida, Janet Franklin, Mohammad Shah Hussain, Nicholas J. Berry, Jon C. Lovett, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Onrizal Onrizal, Ted R. Feldpausch, Wannes Hubau, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Juliana Schietti, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, William E. Magnusson, Shengbin Chen, K. Anitha, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Flávia R. C. Costa, John R. Poulsen, Faridah Hanum Ibrahim, Aurélie Dourdain, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi, Heriberto David-Higuita, Rahmad Zakaria, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Karina Melgaço, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Damien Bonal, Murray Collins, Jos Barlow, Emilio Vilanova, Yadvinder Malhi, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Badru Mugerwa, Terry L. Erwin, John Pipoly, Bruno Hérault, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, William F. Laurance, Luzmila Arroyo, Jean-Louis Doucet, Lilian Blanc, Henrik Balslev, Percival Cho, Priya Davidar, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, John Terborgh, Peter M. Umunay, Shijo Joseph, Robert Muscarella, Massiel Corrales Medina, Rueben Nilus, Robert Steinmetz, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Rhett D. Harrison, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Peter S. Ashton, Sophie Fauset, Adriana Prieto, Christelle Gonmadje, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Andreas Hemp, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, Markus Fischer, Hoang Van Sam, Ferry Slik, Jianwei Tang, Luiz Menini Neto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Tran Van Do, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Aisha Sultana, Marc P. E. Parren, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Frans Bongers, Campbell O. Webb, Lan Qie, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, Justin Kassi, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Georgia Pickavance, Jérôme Millet, Joice Ferreira, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Manichanh Satdichanh, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Rodrigo Sierra, Oliver L. Phillips, Vianet Mihindou, William Milliken, Walter A. Palacios, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Charles E. Zartman, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, Eddy Nurtjahya, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Janvier Lisingo, Nobuo Imai, Asyraf Mansor, Kenneth R. Young, Serge A. Wich, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, Christine B. Schmitt, Simone Aparecida Vieira, D. Mohandass, Thaise Emilio, Gemma Rutten, Fabian Brambach, Steven W. Brewer, Timothy R. Baker, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy J. Killeen, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Martin van de Bult, Feyera Senbeta, Eileen Larney, Bente B. Klitgård, Phourin Chhang, Hans ter Steege, Runguo Zang, Simon Willcock, Wendeson Castro, María Uriarte, Jean Philippe Puyravaud, Andrew R. Marshall, R. Toby Pennington, Jens-Christian Svenning, Jonathan Timberlake, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Douglas Sheil, Susan K. Wiser, Lila Nath Sharma, Raman Sukumar, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Andy Hector, Luis E.O.C. Aragao, Wanlop Chutipong, David Harris, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas W. Gillespie, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Edmund V. J. Tanner, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, William J. Baker, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Nicolas Labrière, Paulo S. Morandi, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Edward L. Webb, Andreas Ensslin, David Campbell, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Robert M. Kooyman, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Hebbalalu S. Suresh, Ophelia Wang, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Marc K. Steininger, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, Systems Ecology, Robert Muscarella, Uppsala University / Aarhus University, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, University of Montpellier, Luzmila Arroyo, Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, CENA-USP, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University, Jean-François Bastin, ETH Zürich, Natacha Nssi Bengone, National Agency of National Parks of Gabon, Erika Berenguer, Lancaster University / University of Oxford, Nicholas Berry, The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, Lilian Blanc, CIRAD / University of Montpellier, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / Goethe University, Damien Bonal, Université de Lorraine, Frans Bongers, Wageningen University & Research, Matt Bradford, CSIRO Land and Water, Percival Cho, Forest Department, Connie Clark, Duke University, Murray Collins, University of Edinburgh, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Institution, Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA, Géraldine Derroire, CIRAD, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Tran Van Do, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Jean-Louis Doucet, Liège University, Aurélie Dourdain, CIRAD, Andreas Ensslin, University of Bern, Terry Erwin, Smithsonian Institution, Corneille E. N. Ewango, University of Kisangani, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, David J. Harris, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Rhett D. Harrison, World Agroforestry, East and Southern Africa Region, Andrew Hector, University of Oxford, Wannes Hubau, University of Leeds / Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mohammad Shah Hussain, University of Delhi, Faridah-Hanum Ibrahim, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Nobuo Imai, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Carlos A. Joly, UNICAMP, Shijo Joseph, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Anitha K, Rainforest Traditions, Kuswata Kartawinata, The Field Museum of Natural History / Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Justin Kassi, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Timothy J. Killeen, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Kanehiro Kitayama, Kyoto University, Bente Bang Klitgård, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Michael J. Lawes, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds, Janvier Lisingo, Kisangani University, Thomas Lovejoy, George Mason University, Jon C. Lovett, University of Leeds / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Xinghui Lu, Liaocheng University, Anne Mette Lykke, Aarhus University, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Vianet Mihindou, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Ministère de la Forêt et de l’Environnement, Jérôme Millet, French Agency for Biodiversity, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, D. Mohandass, Novel Research Academy, David A. Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Luiz Menini Neto, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rueben Nilus, Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Eddy Nurtja, Universitas Bangka Belitung, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, INPA, Onrizal Onrizal, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Walter A. Palacios, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Marc Parren, Wageningen University & Research, Ekananda Paudel, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Paulo S. Morandi, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh / University of Exeter, Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds, John J. Pipoly III, Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Field Museum, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Lourens Poorter, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, John R. Poulsen, Duke University, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, International Institute of Information Technology, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, Sigur Nature Trust, Lan Qie, University of Lincoln, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, INDEFOR, Universidad de Los Andes, Ervan Rutishauser, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gemma Rutten, University of Bern, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, University of Peradeniya, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG / UFRA, Hoang Van Sam, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Manichanh Satdichanh, hinese Academy of Sciences / World Agroforestry Centre, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Jianwei Tang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Edmund Tanner, University of Cambridge, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Systems Ecology, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Universidad Mayor Real and Pontifical de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Campbell O. Webb, University of Alaska, Edward L. Webb, National University of Singapore, Lee White, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale / University of Stirling, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, University of Minnesota, Serge Wich, Liverpool John Moores University / University of Amsterdam, Simon Willcock, Bangor University, Wanlop Chutipong, King Mongut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Douglas Sheil, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Andreas Hemp, University of Bayreuth, Bruno Herault, CIRAD / Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, IIAP, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Aarhus University / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ghana Forestry Commission, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Everton C. de Almeida, UFOPA, Samuel S. de Almeida, MPEG, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UFMT, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Luciana F. Alves, University of California, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Universidad de Antioquia, Ana Andrade, INPA, Luis E. O. C. Aragão, INPE / University of Exeter, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Peter S. Ashton, Harvard University, Gerardo A. Aymard Corredor, Compensation International Progress / UNELLEZ-Guanare, Timothy R. Baker, University of Leeds, Fabian Brambach, University of Goettingen, Francis Q. Brearley, Manchester Metropolitan University, Steven W. Brewer, Wild Earth Allies, Jose L. C. Camargo, INPA, David G. Campbell, Grinnell College, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Wendeson Castro, SOS Amazônia, Damien Catchpole, University of Tasmania, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Shengbin Chen, Chengdu University of Technology, Phourin Chhang, Forestry Administration, Massiel Nataly Corrales Medina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Heike Culmsee, German Federal Foundation for the Environment, Heriberto David-Higuita, Universidad de Antioquia, Priya Davidar, Sigur Nature Trust, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, IIAP, Robert M. Ewers, Imperial College London, Sophie Fauset, University of Plymouth, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, Markus Fischer, University of Bern, Janet Franklin, University of California, Gabriella M. Fredriksson, Pro Natura Foundation, Thomas W. Gillespie, University of California, Martin Gilpin, University of Leeds, Christelle Gonmadje, University of Yaoundé / National Herbarium, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, University of Peradeniya, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, King Abdulaziz University, Jefferson S. Hall, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Keith C. Hamer, University of Leeds, Lila Nath Sharma, ForestAction Nepal, Robert Kooyman, Macquarie University / Royal Botanic Gardens, Nicolas Labrière, CNRS, Eileen Larney, TEAM / Zoological Society of London, Yves Laumonier, CIRAD, Susan G. Laurance, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yadvinder Malhi, University of Oxford, Asyraf Mansor, Universiti Sains Malaysia / Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina / ESALQ-USP, Ben H. Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT, Andrew R. Marshall, University of the Sunshine Coast / University of York / Flamingo Land, Karina Melgaco, University of Leeds, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Badru Mugerwa, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Kyoto University, Laszlo Nagy, UNICAMP, Naret Seuaturien, WWF Thailand, Marcelo T. Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, University of Fianarantsoa, Jan Meindert Reitsma, Bureau Waardenburg BV, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Universidad Continental, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Ecosystems Services and Climate Change (SECC) Group, COL-TREE Corporatio, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Anand Roopsind, Boise State University, Francesco Rovero, University of Florence / Museo delle Scienze, Andes Rozak, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Agustín Rudas Lleras, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Christine B. Schmitt, University of Bonn / University of Freiburg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, UNEMAT, Feyera Senbeta, Addis Ababa University, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Universidad de La Serena, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Bonaventure Sonké, University of Yaoundé, Robert Steinmetz, WWF Thailand, Tariq Stévart, Missouri Botanical Garden, Raman Sukumar, Indian Institute of Science, Aisha Sultana, University of Delhi, Terry C. H. Sunderland, University of British Columbia / CIFOR, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana Suresh, Indian Institute of Science, John W. Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University, Ida Theilade, University of Copenhagen, Jonathan Timberlake, Warren Lane, Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de Los Andes, Peter Umunay, Yale University, María Uriarte, Columbia University, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Martin van de Bult, Doi Tung Development Project, Social Development Department, Peter van der Hout, Van der Hout Förestry Consulting, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Simone A. Vieira, UNICAMP, Emilio Vilanova, University of California, Susan K. Wiser, Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Rahmad Zakaria, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Runguo Zang, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Charles E. Zartman, INPA, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University., Donald R. Drake, University of Hawai'i at M?noa, Marc K. Steininger, University of Maryland, Thaise Emilio, UNICAMP / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Ferry Slik, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Uppsala University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Rainforest Research Sdn Bhd

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, DIVERSITY, Biomasa, Biomassa, Arecaceae, AFRICAN, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, BIOMASS, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.02 [http], biomasse aérienne des arbres, Abundance (ecology), CARBON STORAGE, Floresta Tropical, Densité, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, ALLOMETRY, above-ground biomass, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), GE, Condições abióticas locais, biology, Ecology, Inventaire forestier, abundance patterns, tropical, Facteur du milieu, wood density, PE&RC, Geography, Physical, 0501 Ecological Applications, Geography, Biogeografia, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversité, C180 Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Variance génétique, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, pantropical biogeography, Neotropics, F40 - Écologie végétale, Zona tropical, Biogéographie, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Subtropics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, local abiotic conditions, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Densidade da Madeira, Ekologi, Science & Technology, 0602 Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, QK, Diameter at breast height, Biology and Life Sciences, facteurs abiotiques, DIVERSIFICATION HISTORY, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, AMAZONIAN FOREST, Physical Geography, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PATTERNS, tropical rainforest, Tropical rainforest
Abstract

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Published
2020

10. Estimating aboveground net biomass change for tropical and subtropical forests: Refinement of IPCC default rates using forest plot data

Author

Nancy L. Harris, Sara M. Leavitt, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Anny Estelle N'Guessan, Bonaventure Sonké, Christopher Martius, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus Brienen, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Maria M. H. Wang, Oliver L. Phillips, Timothy R. Baker, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Justin Kassi N'dja, Frans Bongers, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Plinio Sist, Lourens Poorter, Lan Qie, Emilio Vilanova, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Simon L. Lewis, Bronson W. Griscom, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Ted R. Feldpausch, Daniela Requena Suarez, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Martin Herold, Ervan Rutishauser, Bruno Hérault, Sarah Carter, Veronique De Sy, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, and Susan C. Cook-Patton

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, forêt exploitée, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biomasa, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Trees, biomasse aérienne des arbres, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, secondary forests, Cambio climático, Biomass, Mitigación del cambio climático, General Environmental Science, global ecological zones, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, IPCC, Research Review, biomass change, Carbon sink, PE&RC, Old-growth forest, production de biomasse, Environnement, old‐growth forests, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb, Plant Production Systems, C180 Ecology, Crop and Weed Ecology, old-growth forests, Asia, Gases de efecto invernadero, Subtropics, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, managed and logged forests, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa, Environmental Chemistry, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, (sub)tropical forests, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, C150 Environmental Biology, Tropical Climate, geography, Research Reviews, Bosque secundario, Tropics, Forestry, South America, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Greenhouse gas, Africa, Environmental science, forêt secondaire, ccccccccccccccccccccc
Abstract

As countries advance in greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for climate change mitigation, consistent estimates of aboveground net biomass change (∆AGB) are needed. Countries with limited forest monitoring capabilities in the tropics and subtropics rely on IPCC 2006 default ∆AGB rates, which are values per ecological zone, per continent. Similarly, research into forest biomass change at a large scale also makes use of these rates. IPCC 2006 default rates come from a handful of studies, provide no uncertainty indications and do not distinguish between older secondary forests and old‐growth forests. As part of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, we incorporate ∆AGB data available from 2006 onwards, comprising 176 chronosequences in secondary forests and 536 permanent plots in old‐growth and managed/logged forests located in 42 countries in Africa, North and South America and Asia. We generated ∆AGB rate estimates for younger secondary forests (≤20 years), older secondary forests (>20 years and up to 100 years) and old‐growth forests, and accounted for uncertainties in our estimates. In tropical rainforests, for which data availability was the highest, our ∆AGB rate estimates ranged from 3.4 (Asia) to 7.6 (Africa) Mg ha−1 year−1 in younger secondary forests, from 2.3 (North and South America) to 3.5 (Africa) Mg ha−1 year−1 in older secondary forests, and 0.7 (Asia) to 1.3 (Africa) Mg ha−1 year−1 in old‐growth forests. We provide a rigorous and traceable refinement of the IPCC 2006 default rates in tropical and subtropical ecological zones, and identify which areas require more research on ∆AGB. In this respect, this study should be considered as an important step towards quantifying the role of tropical and subtropical forests as carbon sinks with higher accuracy; our new rates can be used for large‐scale GHG accounting by governmental bodies, nongovernmental organizations and in scientific research., As countries advance in greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for climate change mitigation, consistent estimates of aboveground biomass change (∆AGB) in natural forests are needed. Countries with limited forest monitoring capabilities in the (sub)tropics rely on the 2006 IPCC guidelines for default ∆AGB rates. This study provides refined default ∆AGB rate estimates based on forest plot data in younger secondary forests, older secondary forests and old‐growth forests, located in 42 countries across (sub)tropical ecozones. These new estimates contribute towards the 2019 IPCC Refinement and can be used for large‐scale GHG accounting by governmental bodies, nongovernmental organizations and in scientific research.

Published
2019

11. Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa

Author

Emilio Vilanova, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Jan Reitsma, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Bonaventure Sonké, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Olaf Bánki, Timothy R. Baker, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Mark C. Vanderwel, William F. Laurance, Andrew R. Marshall, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Yadvinder Malhi, José Luís Camargo, Terry Sunderland, Ted R. Feldpausch, Lourens Poorter, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Hermann Taedoumg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, James A. Comiskey, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Simon L. Lewis, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Lise Zemagho, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Lee J. T. White, Ana Andrade, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Simon Willcock, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, forest dynamics, tropical forest, media_common.quotation_subject, Biome, tree growth, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Article, Basal area, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Growth rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, media_common, Tropical Climate, Forest dynamics, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, soil fertility, Community structure, Articles, trait-based models, wood density, PE&RC, Wood, mortality, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, trait‐based models, climatic water deficit, Africa, neighborhood effects, Soil fertility, Crop and Weed Ecology, competition, Brazil
Abstract

Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree’s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees ≥10-cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient. Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America

Published
2020

12. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests

Author

Roderick Zagt, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Luis E.O.C. Aragao, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Rafael Herrera, José Luís Camargo, Adriana Prieto, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Martin J. P. Sullivan, David W. Galbraith, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Fernando Cornejo-Valverde, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ima Célia-Vieira, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Freddy Ramirez, Hans ter Steege, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Jérôme Chave, Timothy R. Baker, Natalino Silva, Olaf Bánki, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, R. Toby Pennington, Georgia Pickavance, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Ana Andrade, René G. A. Boot, Anand Roopsind, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Casimiro Mendoza, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Pipoly, John Terborgh, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vasquez, William F. Laurance, Átila Alves, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Martin Gilpin, Wendeson Castro, Agustín Rudas, Emanuel Gloor, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Juliana Stropp, Ted R. Feldpausch, Lourens Poorter, Anthony Di Fiore, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Rosa C. Goodman, Danilo M. Neves, Foster Brown, Niro Higuchi, Oliver L. Phillips, Vincent A. Vos, James Singh, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Christopher Baraloto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, L. Arroyo, Chercheur indépendant, Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Biology, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Tropenbos International (TBI), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Edinburgh, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Dept Environm Sci & Policy, George Mason University, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Missouri Botanical Garden, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, Forests, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Produccion, 03 medical and health sciences, Amazonía, Life Science, Ecosystem, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vegetatie, 030304 developmental biology, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Diversidad, Tropical Climate, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Vegetation, Ecology, technology, industry, and agriculture, Species diversity, Edaphic, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, PE&RC, Bosque, Wood, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Madera, Phylogenetic diversity, Productivity (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities
Abstract

Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90 inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme, Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526 angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic variables are together the strongest predictors of productivity, our results show that the evolutionary diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood density and tree size, they also suggest that additional, unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall, our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem function: tropical forest communities with more distantly related taxa have greater wood productivity.

Published
2019

13. Estimación de las reservas y pérdidas de carbono por deforestación en los bosques del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia

Author

Adriana Yepes-Quintero, Álvaro J. Duque-Montoya, Diego Navarrete-Encinales, Juan Phillips-Bernal, Edersson Cabrera-Montenegro, Adriana Corrales-Osorio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Gustavo Galindo-García, María C. García-Dávila, Álvaro Idárraga, and Diana Vargas-Galvis

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Los bosques tropicales almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono en su biomasa, y por ello juegan un papel determinante en el ciclo global de este elemento. Las variables biofísicas determinan la capacidad de almacenamiento de los bosques como reservorios de carbono. No obstante en los últimos años, la deforestación tropical ha hecho que estos ecosistemas se conviertan en fuente de emisiones de dióxico de carbono (CO2) a la atmósfera. El presente estudio quiso evaluar la distribución de la biomasa aérea (BA) y carbono en relación con la variación altitudinal de los bosques naturales del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), así como las pérdidas potenciales asociadas con la deforestación, durante el periodo 2000-2007. Para ello se empleó información estructural (diámetro, biomasa aérea) proveniente de 16 parcelas permanentes de 1,0 ha, dentro de las cuales se midió la vegetación leñosa arbórea. Se cuantificó la deforestación a nivel departamental usando imágenes de sensores remotos MODIS para el período 2000-2007. Los resultados evidencian que la BA y los contenidos de carbono en los bosques naturales de Antioquia, presentan una relación inversa con la altitud. La CO2promedio fue 244 ± 63 Mg ha-1 y la tasa de deforestación en el período 2000-2007 fue 25.279 ha año-1. Durante este período se perdieron en total 176.950 ha de bosque natural, con las cuales se emitieron potencialmente a la atmósfera 79.161,29 Gg CO2. En Antioquia posiblemente problemáticas como la deforestación, pueden llegar a destruir considerablemente estos ecosistemas, ocasionando la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos importantes como el almacenamiento de carbono.

Published
2017

14. Carbono aéreo almacenado en tres bosques del Jardín Botánico del Pacífico, Chocó, Colombia

Author

Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Victor Eleazar Mena-Mosquera, and Jhon Jerley Torres-Torres

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Los bosques tropicales son considerados como un importante deposito de carbono, cuya permanencia en el ecosistema depende en gran medida de que no se manifiesten fenomenos naturales y antrogenicos; por lo que se hace necesario emprender estrategias para su conservacion y manejo. Se cuantifico el carbono almacenado en la biomasa aerea en bosques de 12, 30 y 40 anos, ubicados en el Jardin Botanico del Pacifico, Bahia Solano Choco Colombia. Para ello, se les midio diametro y altura total a todos los individuos presentes con DAP ≥ 10 cm, en nueve Parcelas Temporales de Muestreo de 0,1 ha. Se estimo la biomasa aerea a traves de ecuaciones alometricas, el carbono almacenado en la biomasa aerea con una fraccion de carbono de 0,5, la tasa de fijacion de carbono y dioxido de carbono equivalentes (CO2 eq) mediante el factor de 3,67. Se encontro un carbono almacenado promedio de 48,2 t ha-1, una biomasa aerea de 96,3 t ha-1, una tasa de fijacion de carbono promedio de 1,9 t ha-1 ano-1. El contenido de carbono de los bosques estudiados aumenta conforme crece la edad de estos, mientras que con la tasa de fijacion de carbono sucede todo lo contrario.

Published
2017

15. Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Author

Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, G. Wilson Fernandes, Rebecca Ostertag, André Braga Junqueira, Natalia Norden, Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez, Rita C. G. Mesquita, Miguel Martínez-Ramos, José Reinaldo Aguilar-Cano, Francisco Mora, Silvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto, G. Bruce Williamson, Whendee L. Silver, T. Mitchell Aide, Naomi B. Schwartz, Eduardo A. Pérez-García, Tony Vizcarra Bentos, Jérôme Chave, Lourens Poorter, Alberto Vicentini, Juan Manuel Dupuy, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Jorn S. Dallinga, Stephen P. Hubbell, Ben H. J. de Jong, Richard Condit, Saara J. DeWalt, Rodrigo Muñoz, Jorge A. Meave, Susana Ochoa-Gaona, Jefferson S. Hall, Catarina C. Jakovac, Edwin Lebrija-Trejos, Marisol Toledo, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Ricardo Gomes César, Deborah K. Kennard, Frans Bongers, Hans van der Wal, Denis Larpin, Daisy H. Dent, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Daniel Piotto, Marco Antonio Romero-Romero, Julie S. Denslow, Patricia Balvanera, Justin M. Becknell, Ma ia Uríarte, Kátia Janaina Zanini, Noel Gonzalez, Mário M. Espírito-Santo, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Jess K. Zimmerman, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo dos Santos Massoca, Alma Johanna Hernández, Juan Carlos Licona, Henricus Franciscus M. Vester, Sebastião Venâncio Martins, Bryan Finegan, Pedro Manuel Villa, Sandra M. Durán, Michiel van Breugel, Nataly Ascarrunz, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jennifer S. Powers, Robin L. Chazdon, Susan G. Letcher, Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá, Sandra Cristina Müller, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barreto Sampaio, Lo c Paul Dutrieux, Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez, Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi, Jorge Ruiz, Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes, George A. L. Cabral, William Wayt Thomas, Vanessa Granda Moser, José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, María C. Fandiño, Hernando García, Maria das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Arlete Silva de Almeida, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Chercheur indépendant, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Direction générale déléguée aux musées et aux jardins botaniques et zoologiques (DGD.MJZ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica [Vitoria] (Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo) (UFES ), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Columbia University [New York], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, and Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Secondary succession, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, forêt tropicale, Forests, Biodiversity conservation, 01 natural sciences, Species composition, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, conservation des forêts, Recovery, Agricultural land, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Environmental conditions, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Geography, SciAdv r-articles, Forestry, Old-growth forest, PE&RC, FLORESTAS TROPICAIS, Anthropogenic disturbance, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Secondary forests, Research Article, Conservation of Natural Resources, F40 - Écologie végétale, Conservation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Life Science, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Life Below Water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Impact sur l'environnement, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, Disturbance (ecology), Rarefaction (ecology), Species richness, forêt secondaire, Secondary Recovery
Abstract

Tropical secondary forests recover quickly (decades) in tree species richness but slowly (centuries) in species composition., Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

Published
2019

16. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author

Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Georgia Pickavance, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Julie Peacock, Emilio Vilanova, Julien Engel, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, José Luís Camargo, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Lan Qie, Jon Lloyd, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Jérôme Chave, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, William F. Laurance, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Vincent A. Vos, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Pascal Petronelli, Damien Bonal, Roel J. W. Brienen, César I.A. Vela, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Niro Higuchi, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Simon L. Lewis, Timothy R. Baker, Fernando Elias, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Wannes Hubau, Adriana Prieto, Ted R. Feldpausch, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Natalino Silva, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Yadvinder Malhi, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Terry L. Erwin, Anthony Di Fiore, Victor Chama Moscoso, Oliver L. Phillips, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Clément Stahl, Jos Barlow, Bruno Hérault, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Pieter A. Zuidema, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Peter van der Hout, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Paulo S. Morandi, Guido Pardo, René G. A. Boot, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, James Singh, Agustín Rudas, Luzmila Arroyo, Peter J. van de Meer, Lourens Poorter, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Frans Bongers, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Juliana Stropp, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, University of Leeds, School of Geography [Leeds], Imperial College London, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Fundación Con-Vida, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, The Royal Society, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tropical forests, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, traits, CARBON STORAGE, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Primary Research Article, functional traits, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, PE&RC, Geography, climate change, NEOTROPICAL FOREST, GROWTH, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Functional traits, Communauté végétale, GE Environmental Sciences, VEGETATION DYNAMICS, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bioclimatic niches, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Temporal Variation, Bois tropical, Vegetatie, Changement climatique, Science & Technology, Bioclimatic niches, Composition botanique, Brasil, Water, 15. Life on land, 06 Biological Sciences, Floristics, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, functional, Season, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Physiology, WOOD DENSITY, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, DIVERSITY, Bibliomatic niches, Tropic Climate, Trees, Environmental Science(all), Dry season, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Lowland Environment, Tropial forests, tropical forests, Bioclimatology, PERVASIVE ALTERATION, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Funtional traits, Classification, Biodiversity Conservation, Seasons, TREE COMMUNITIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Brazil, Tree, Temporal trends, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Niche, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Compositional shifts, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Tropics, DAS, Carbon Dioxide, Primary Research Articles, Climatic change, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dioxyde de carbone, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Funding Information: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Grant/Award Number: NE/ N004655/1; NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZONICA”; BIO‐RED; European Research Council (ERC); The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/ Award Number: 282664; Royal Society, Grant/Award Number: CH160091; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. Publisher PDF

Published
2018

17. Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities

Author

Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Maurizio Mencuccini, Zhiyao Tang, Norbert Jürgens, Christopher Baraloto, Robert K. Peet, Jérôme Munzinger, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Erwin Bergmeier, Wim A. Ozinga, Isabelle Aubin, Yadvinder Malhi, Michele De Sanctis, William Farfan-Rios, Marten Winter, Benjamin Blonder, Jordi Sardans, Christian Wirth, Valério D. Pillar, Nicole J. Fenton, Ilona Knollová, Jiří Doležal, Miguel D. Mahecha, Jens Kattge, Marijn Bauters, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Jonathan Lenoir, Peter B. Reich, Florian Jansen, Jorcely Barroso, Frédérique Louault, Anne D. Bjorkman, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Michael Kleyer, Matteo Dainese, Dylan Craven, Andraž Čarni, Anita K. Smyth, Gunnar Seidler, Idoia Biurrun, Ted R. Feldpausch, Javier Silva Espejo, Helge Bruelheide, Risto Virtanen, Tarek Hattab, Franziska Schrodt, Greg R. Guerin, Sandra Díaz, Anke Jentsch, Jürgen Dengler, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Kate H. Orwin, Bruno Hérault, Tomáš Černý, Stephan M. Hennekens, Erik Welk, Frederic Lens, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Jacqueline Loos, Kiril Vassilev, Milan Chytrý, Jonas V. Müller, Christine Römermann, Sylvia Haider, Géraldine Derroire, Marcos Silveira, Greg H. R. Henry, Petr Petřík, Ülo Niinemets, Zygmunt Kącki, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Michael Kessler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Evan Weiher, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Richard Field, Raquel Thomas, Eric Garnier, Luis Cayuela, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Jens-Christian Svenning, Corrado Marcenò, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Daniel C. Laughlin, Pedro Higuchi, Jürgen Homeier, Ute Jandt, Fabio Attorre, Karsten Wesche, Norbert Hölzel, Oliver L. Phillips, Ingolf Kühn, Marco Schmidt, Meelis Pärtel, David A. Neill, Maria Sporbert, Mariyana Lyubenova, Oliver Purschke, Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Jan Altman, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universität Bayreuth, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), UR Ecol & Dynam Syst Anthropises EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, ALTERRA Wageningen, ALTERRA, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Fundación Con-Vida, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana], Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Kista Photonics Research Center (KPRC) (KTH), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), AgroParisTech, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques (UR03AGRO1), Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Zurich, Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Estonian University of Life Sciences, University of Nijmegen, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Dept Biol Sci, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Dept Biol, University of Oulu, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Department of Botany, Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Chercheur indépendant, Department of Ecological Modelling [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), Bruelheide H., Dengler J., Purschke O., Lenoir J., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Hennekens S.M., Botta-Dukat Z., Chytry M., Field R., Jansen F., Kattge J., Pillar V.D., Schrodt F., Mahecha M.D., Peet R.K., Sandel B., van Bodegom P., Altman J., Alvarez-Davila E., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Attorre F., Aubin I., Baraloto C., Barroso J.G., Bauters M., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Blonder B., Carni A., Cayuela L., Cerny T., Cornelissen J.H.C., Craven D., Dainese M., Derroire G., De Sanctis M., Diaz S., Dolezal J., Farfan-Rios W., Feldpausch T.R., Fenton N.J., Garnier E., Guerin G.R., Gutierrez A.G., Haider S., Hattab T., Henry G., Herault B., Higuchi P., Holzel N., Homeier J., Jentsch A., Jurgens N., Kacki Z., Karger D.N., Kessler M., Kleyer M., Knollova I., Korolyuk A.Y., Kuhn I., Laughlin D.C., Lens F., Loos J., Louault F., Lyubenova M.I., Malhi Y., Marceno C., Mencuccini M., Muller J.V., Munzinger J., Myers-Smith I.H., Neill D.A., Niinemets U., Orwin K.H., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Perez-Haase A., Petrik P., Phillips O.L., Partel M., Reich P.B., Romermann C., Rodrigues A.V., Sabatini F.M., Sardans J., Schmidt M., Seidler G., Silva Espejo J.E., Silveira M., Smyth A., Sporbert M., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Thomas R., Tsiripidis I., Vassilev K., Violle C., Virtanen R., Weiher E., Welk E., Wesche K., Winter M., Wirth C., Jandt U., Systems Ecology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, forests, grassland, life history traits, plant dispersal, plants, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Environmental planning, OT PB Vredepeel, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, diversité fonctionnelle, Ecology, Vegetation, Plants, Grassland, économie foliaire, Biogeography, Community Ecology, Ecosystems Research, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Life History Trait, Biology, Sustainability Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, température, Life Science, prédiction, Ecosystem, Forest, 577: Ökologie, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, climat, Plant Dispersal, Niche differentiation, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Disturbance (ecology), Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key question is to what extent community-level trait composition is globally filtered and how well it is related to global versus local environmental drivers. Here, we perform a global, plot-level analysis of trait-environment relationships, using a database with more than 1.1 million vegetation plots and 26,632 plant species with trait information. Although we found a strong filtering of 17 functional traits, similar climate and soil conditions support communities differing greatly in mean trait values. The two main community trait axes that capture half of the global trait variation (plant stature and resource acquisitiveness) reflect the trade-offs at the species level but are weakly associated with climate and soil conditions at the global scale. Similarly, within-plot trait variation does not vary systematically with macro-environment. Our results indicate that, at fine spatial grain, macro-environmental drivers are much less important for functional trait composition than has been assumed from floristic analyses restricted to co-occurrence in large grid cells. Instead, trait combinations seem to be predominantly filtered by local-scale factors such as disturbance, fine-scale soil conditions, niche partitioning and biotic interactions.

Published
2018

18. Monitoring ecological change during rapid socio-economic and political transitions: Colombian ecosystems in the post-conflict era

Author

Ana María Benavides, Lina M. Estupiñán-Suárez, Juan M. Posada, Sandra Skowronek, María Cecilia Londoño, Catalina González, Guido Kraemer, Hannes Feilhauer, Miguel D. Mahecha, Daniel Ruiz-Carrascal, Sebastián González-Caro, Germán Poveda, Sergio A. Orrego, Dolors Armenteras, Victor Hugo Gutierrez-Velez, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Carlos A. Sierra, Jesús A. Anaya, Björn Reu, Corina Buendia, Rodrigo Jimenez, and Alvaro Duque

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Armed conflict, Geography, Planning and Development, Data analysis, Review, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, National monitoring system, Ecosystem monitoring, Soil, Politics, Ecological synthesis, Human ecology, Information processing, Political science, Environmental monitoring, Political climate, Politics and government, Environmental degradation, Ecosystem management, Priority journal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Scientific literature, Government, Vegetation, business.industry, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, Remote sensing, Carbon, Colombian, Ecological indicator, State transitions, Socioeconomics, Land use, Political system, Emergency management--Government policy, business
Abstract

After more than 50-years of armed conflict, Colombia is now transitioning to a more stable social and political climate due to a series of peace agreements between the government and different armed groups. Consequences of these socio-economic and political changes on ecosystems are largely uncertain, but there is growing concern about derived increases in environmental degradation. Here, we review the capacity of Colombia to monitor the state of its ecosystems and their rate of change over time. We found several important programs currently set in place by different institutions as well as by independent groups of scientists that address different aspects of environmental monitoring. However, most of the current initiatives could be improved in terms of data coverage, quality and access, and could be better articulated among each other. We propose a set of activities that would increase the capacity of Colombia to monitor its ecosystems, provide useful information to policy makers, and facilitate scientific research. These include: 1) the establishment of a national center for ecological synthesis that focuses on analyzing existing information; 2) the establishment of an ecological observatory system that collects new information, integrates remote sensing products, and produces near real-time products on key ecological variables; and 3) the creation of new platforms for dialog and action within existing scientific and policy groups. © 2017 The Authors

Published
2017
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19. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Francesco Maria Sabatini, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ute Jandt, Milan Chytrý, Richard Field, Michael Kessler, Jonathan Lenoir, Franziska Schrodt, Susan K. Wiser, Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan, Fabio Attorre, Luis Cayuela, Michele De Sanctis, Jürgen Dengler, Sylvia Haider, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Adrian Indreica, Florian Jansen, Aníbal Pauchard, Robert K. Peet, Petr Petřík, Valério D. Pillar, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Zhiyao Tang, Peter van Bodegom, Kiril Vassilev, Cyrille Violle, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Priya Davidar, Jiri Dolezal, Bruno Hérault, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Jorge Jiménez, Stephan Kambach, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Holger Kreft, Felipe Lezama, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Justin K. N’Dja, Oliver L. Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Petr Sklenář, Karina Speziale, Ben J. Strohbach, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Hua-Feng Wang, Karsten Wesche, and Helge Bruelheide

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Global patterns of regional plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether they hold for local communities is debated. This study created multi-grain global maps of alpha diversity for vascular plants to provide a nuanced understanding of plant diversity hotspots and improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.

Published
2022
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20. Comparison between published values of phylogenetic signal and values found in the present study from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Subjects
genetic structures
Abstract

Comparison between published values of phylogenetic signal for traits of tropical forest trees measured by Blomberg's K statistic. Bar colour indicates the different studies [1-5]; bars in black are represented by traits calculated in the present study and shades of grey show values for published studies. Bars with negative values represent absence of phylogenetic signal.

Published
2016
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21. Methods for calculating trait intrinsic value from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Description of the methods used to calculate intrinsic trait values to account for the effect of variation in environmental conditions among plots

Published
2016
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22. Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the ecological resilience of the Amazon to climate change

Author

Naomi M. Levine, Ana Andrade, Percy Núñez Vargas, Roel J. W. Brienen, Paul R. Moorcroft, Simon L. Lewis, Adriana Prieto, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Yadvinder Malhi, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ted R. Feldpausch, Oliver L. Phillips, Ke Zhang, Terry L. Erwin, Alessandro Baccini, and Marcos Longo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem Resilience, Climate Change, Plant Stress, Soil Moisture, Biome, Climate change, ecosystem heterogeneity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Water Stress, Remote Sensing, Ecological resilience, Soil, Affordable and Clean Energy, Dry season, Savanna, Spatial Soil Variability, Ecosystem, Biomass, Forest, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Dehydration, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, ecological resilience, Brasil, Biological Sciences, Soil Texture, Climate Action, Sensitivity Analysis, Remote Sensing Technology, Priority Journal, Climate sensitivity, Environmental science, Amazon forests, Season, Seasons, Brazil
Abstract

Amazon forests, which store ∼ 50% of tropical forest carbon and play a vital role in global water, energy, and carbon cycling, are predicted to experience both longer and more intense dry seasons by the end of the 21st century. However, the climate sensitivity of this ecosystem remains uncertain: several studies have predicted large-scale die-back of the Amazon, whereas several more recent studies predict that the biome will remain largely intact. Combining remote-sensing and ground-based observations with a size- and age-structured terrestrial ecosystem model, we explore the sensitivity and ecological resilience of these forests to changes in climate. We demonstrate that water stress operating at the scale of individual plants, combined with spatial variation in soil texture, explains observed patterns of variation in ecosystem biomass, composition, and dynamics across the region, and strongly influences the ecosystem's resilience to changes in dry season length. Specifically, our analysis suggests that in contrast to existing predictions of either stability or catastrophic biomass loss, the Amazon forest's response to a drying regional climate is likely to be an immediate, graded, heterogeneous transition from high-biomass moist forests to transitional dry forests and woody savannah-like states. Fire, logging, and other anthropogenic disturbances may, however, exacerbate these climate change-induced ecosystem transitions.

Published
2016

23. Composición y diversidad florística de tres bosques húmedos tropicales de edades diferentes, en El Jardín Botánico del Pacífico, municipio de Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia

Author

Victor Eleazar Mena-Mosquera, Jhon Jerley Torres-Torres, and Esteban Álvarez-Dávila

Subjects
food.ingredient, biology, Jacaranda copaia, Applied Mathematics, Apeiba, Bignoniaceae, Forestry, Arecaceae, biology.organism_classification, Moraceae, Floristics, Diversity index, Geography, food, Species richness
Abstract

Objective : We characterized floristic composition of three tropical rain forests of 12, 30 and 40 years, located in the Botanical Garden of the Pacific (BGP). Methodology : For this purpose, were established three temporary sample plots (TSP) of 20 x 50 m. In each TSP, we registered individuals with diameter greater than or equal to 2.5 cm (measured in an area of 25, 100 and 1000 m 2 ). Was calculated forest di- versity [Shannon-Wiener (H ‘)], species dominance [Simpson index (SI)] and importance value index (IVI) by family and species. Results : We registered 552 individuals, distributed in 32 families, 66 genera, and 83 species. We obtained diversity values 3, 3,28 and 3,24 (for forests of 12, 30 and 40 years respectively). The most dominant species in the study area are Belotia panamensis, Jacaranda copaia, Apeiba aspera and Pouruma chocoana . The Pouruma chocoana and Belotia panamensis species are the most IVI throu- ghout the study area, while each of the families was more IVI Bignoniaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae and Arecaceae. Conclusions : According to the results, it is concluded that, forests studied are fairly different, ruling out a possible correlation between the diversity of these and age. In the same way, it is seen that the forests studied are characterized by high species richness (standing out among these to members of the families Arecaceae and Moraceae).

Published
2015

24. Aboveground forest biomass varies across continents, ecological zones and successional stages: refined IPCC default values for tropical and subtropical forests

Author

Danaë M A Rozendaal, Daniela Requena Suarez, Veronique De Sy, Valerio Avitabile, Sarah Carter, C Y Adou Yao, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Benjamin Barca, Timothy R Baker, Luca Birigazzi, Frans Bongers, Anne Branthomme, Roel J W Brienen, João M B Carreiras, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Susan C Cook-Patton, Mathieu Decuyper, Ben DeVries, Andres B Espejo, Ted R Feldpausch, Julian Fox, Javier G P Gamarra, Bronson W Griscom, Nancy Harris, Bruno Hérault, Eurídice N Honorio Coronado, Inge Jonckheere, Eric Konan, Sara M Leavitt, Simon L Lewis, Jeremy A Lindsell, Justin Kassi N’Dja, Anny Estelle N’Guessan, Beatriz Marimon, Edward T A Mitchard, Abel Monteagudo, Alexandra Morel, Anssi Pekkarinen, Oliver L Phillips, Lourens Poorter, Lan Qie, Ervan Rutishauser, Casey M Ryan, Maurizio Santoro, Dos Santos Silayo, Plinio Sist, J W Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Martin J P Sullivan, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Emilio Vilanova, Maria M H Wang, Eliakimu Zahabu, and Martin Herold

Subjects
tropical and subtropical forests, aboveground biomass, IPCC, secondary and old-growth forests, forest plots, monitoring, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

For monitoring and reporting forest carbon stocks and fluxes, many countries in the tropics and subtropics rely on default values of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories. Default IPCC forest AGB values originated from 2006, and are relatively crude estimates of average values per continent and ecological zone. The 2006 default values were based on limited plot data available at the time, methods for their derivation were not fully clear, and no distinction between successional stages was made. As part of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for GHG Inventories, we updated the default AGB values for tropical and subtropical forests based on AGB data from >25 000 plots in natural forests and a global AGB map where no plot data were available. We calculated refined AGB default values per continent, ecological zone, and successional stage, and provided a measure of uncertainty. AGB in tropical and subtropical forests varies by an order of magnitude across continents, ecological zones, and successional stage. Our refined default values generally reflect the climatic gradients in the tropics, with more AGB in wetter areas. AGB is generally higher in old-growth than in secondary forests, and higher in older secondary (regrowth >20 years old and degraded/logged forests) than in young secondary forests (⩽20 years old). While refined default values for tropical old-growth forest are largely similar to the previous 2006 default values, the new default values are 4.0–7.7-fold lower for young secondary forests. Thus, the refined values will strongly alter estimated carbon stocks and fluxes, and emphasize the critical importance of old-growth forest conservation. We provide a reproducible approach to facilitate future refinements and encourage targeted efforts to establish permanent plots in areas with data gaps.

Published
2022
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25. Contenido de carbono en un bosque de tierra firme del resguardo Nonuya-Villazul, amazonia colombiana

Author

Edwin Paky Barbosa, Fabian Moreno, and Esteban Alvarez-Dávila

Subjects
biomasa forestal, cambio climático, monitoreo del bosque, parcela permanente, Agriculture, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

La implementación de los programas REDD+ requiere estimaciones precisas del carbono forestal. En este estudio se reporta el contenido de carbono en un bosque de tierra firme del resguardo Villazul-Nonuya RVN de la Amazonia colombiana, con base en una parcela permanente de 6 ha. Se evalúa su variación espacial y la contribución del sotobosque, dos factores poco considerados. Se encontró una biomasa promedio total de 336.1±14.0 t.ha-1; el 11.5% se encuentra en el sotobosque (DAP 1-10 cm) y el 88.5% corresponde a árboles con DAP ≥ 10 cm; los árboles grandes (DAP ≥ 70 cm) son pocos (4 ±1 por ha) y tienen una baja contribución a la biomasa (6.8%) en comparación con otros bosques tropicales. La biomasa promedio estimada está dentro del rango reportado para toda la cuenca Amazónica, es superior a la Amazonia Occidental y similar al de Amazonia colombiana. Considerando que el resguardo VN tiene 208 800 ha en bosques de tierra firme, se estimó un promedio total de 31.0 Mt C (95% IC 29.1-32.04). Estos resultados permiten ubicar a los bosques del resguardo VN en un contexto global y mejorar la precisión de las estimaciones de carbono forestal en la Amazonia colombiana.

Published
2017
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26. Individual-Based Modeling of Amazon Forests Suggests That Climate Controls Productivity While Traits Control Demography

Author

Sophie Fauset, Manuel Gloor, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Oliver L. Phillips, Gregory P. Asner, Timothy R. Baker, Lisa Patrick Bentley, Roel J. W. Brienen, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Christopher E. Doughty, Ted R. Feldpausch, David R. Galbraith, Rosa C. Goodman, Cécile A. J. Girardin, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, Abel Monteagudo, Norma Salinas, Alexander Shenkin, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Geertje van der Heijden, Rodolfo Vasquez, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Luzmila Arroyo, Jorcely G. Barroso, Foster Brown, Wendeson Castro, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Nallarett Davila Cardozo, Anthony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Percy Núñez Vargas, David Neill, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Julie Peacock, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Zorayda Restrepo, Agustín Rudas, Carlos A. Quesada, Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, John Terborgh, Simone A. Vieira, and Yadvinder Malhi

Subjects
Amazon, carbon cycle, climate, forest dynamics, functional traits, leaf economics spectrum, Science
Abstract

Climate, species composition, and soils are thought to control carbon cycling and forest structure in Amazonian forests. Here, we add a demographics scheme (tree recruitment, growth, and mortality) to a recently developed non-demographic model—the Trait-based Forest Simulator (TFS)—to explore the roles of climate and plant traits in controlling forest productivity and structure. We compared two sites with differing climates (seasonal vs. aseasonal precipitation) and plant traits. Through an initial validation simulation, we assessed whether the model converges on observed forest properties (productivity, demographic and structural variables) using datasets of functional traits, structure, and climate to model the carbon cycle at the two sites. In a second set of simulations, we tested the relative importance of climate and plant traits for forest properties within the TFS framework using the climate from the two sites with hypothetical trait distributions representing two axes of functional variation (“fast” vs. “slow” leaf traits, and high vs. low wood density). The adapted model with demographics reproduced observed variation in gross (GPP) and net (NPP) primary production, and respiration. However, NPP and respiration at the level of plant organs (leaf, stem, and root) were poorly simulated. Mortality and recruitment rates were underestimated. The equilibrium forest structure differed from observations of stem numbers suggesting either that the forests are not currently at equilibrium or that mechanisms are missing from the model. Findings from the second set of simulations demonstrated that differences in productivity were driven by climate, rather than plant traits. Contrary to expectation, varying leaf traits had no influence on GPP. Drivers of simulated forest structure were complex, with a key role for wood density mediated by its link to tree mortality. Modeled mortality and recruitment rates were linked to plant traits alone, drought-related mortality was not accounted for. In future, model development should focus on improving allocation, mortality, organ respiration, simulation of understory trees and adding hydraulic traits. This type of model that incorporates diverse tree strategies, detailed forest structure and realistic physiology is necessary if we are to be able to simulate tropical forest responses to global change scenarios.

Published
2019
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27. Diversidad y estructura de bosques contrastantes en la región del chocó-darién, colombia

Author

Luisa Fernanda Casas Herrera, Diana María González Flórez, Beatriz Segura, Ramón Antonio Mosquera Mena, and Esteban Alvarez-Davila

Subjects
Chocó biogeográfico, bosques inundados, hiperdominancia, servicios ecosistémicos., Agriculture, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

El Choco biogeográfico (ChB) es considerado un Hotspot de biodiversidad, pero existen pocos estudios comparativos de las diferencias regionales asociadas con la fisiografía o los suelos. En este estudio contrastamos la diversidad, abundancia y dominancia de especies entre bosques de “tierra firme vs pantanosos” en dos sitios del ChB. El primero ubicado en la costa pacífica (Jardín Botanico del Pacifico) y el segundo en la costa atlántica en el Darién (reserva Sasardí). Nuestros resultados concuerdan con otros estudios que muestran grandes diferencias entre bosques cercanos de tierra firme y pantanosa. Encontramos que dentro de cada región, las zonas inundables mostraron mayor número de individuos, pero menores valores de área basal, que las zonas de tierra firme. Esto se debe básicamente a que las zonas pantanosas están dominadas por especies de palmas, en particular por Euterpe oleracea, con muchos individuos pero que alcanzan pequeños diámetros del tronco, generalmente menores de 15 cm. En relación con la diversidad alfa, los valores de riqueza de especies y diversidad de Shannon de bosques pantanosos presentan valores más bajos que los bosques de tierra firme en ambos sitios. El índice de dominancia de Simpson muestra un patrón contrario, y las curvas de rarefacción se corresponden con este patrón. La diversidad beta es alta, separando claramente los bosques de Tierra firme de los pantanosos dentro de cada región, y los de Tierra Firme entre las regiones. Se destaca la importancia de los bosques pantanosos, que si bien tienen una extensión reducida en el norte del Choco, albergan un gran número de individuos de especies útiles para las comunidades. Además, prestan otros servicios ecosistemicos de importancia como el control de inundaciones y el almacenamiento de carbono.

Published
2018
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28. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author

Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

29. Phylogeny of 497 Amazonian tree genera from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Subjects
food and beverages, complex mixtures
Abstract

Phylogeny of 497 Amazonian tree and palm genera, with branches coloured according to wood density, potential tree size, maximum tree growth and mortality rates.

30. STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF THE THREE PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE SAN JUAN RIVER DELTA, CHOCÓ, COLOMBIA

Author

Esteban Alvarez-Dávila, Gabriel Camilo Jaramillo-Giraldo, Carlos Cesar Cogollo-Rivera, Hugo Martínez-Higuera, Edward Rojas, and Fernando Fernández-Méndez

Subjects
Estrutura da floresta, Inundações, Filtro ambiental, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

ABSTRACT The forests of the Pacific Coasts of Chocó are timber suppliers for Colombia. The floodable plant associations have been poorly investigated. To contribute with ecological basis for their management, the aim of this study was to learn about the differences between the forests of three physiographies and how the flood level explains them, comparing these forests with other of the neotropic. Three parcels of 0.5 ha were stablished y and individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured. The most common species is Oenocarpus bataua in well drained zones and Campnosperma panamensis in permanently flooded or swamp. The principal components analysis separated the three communities; the first and the second components explained 48% and 26% of the total variation, respectively. There is a high species richness and density of small and medium tall trees in the terrace and hill, in contrast with the low richness in the swamp zone with hyperdominance of one species and a bigger basal area. The dominance of species well adapted to stress caused by hydric excess in the swamp evidenced an environmental filter, that determines a composition and structure particular in the swamp. The studied forests have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other forests of low tropical lands, in particular, a high tree density, less species richness and lower mean wood density compared with Amazonia forests.

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