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Balancing is a very important skill, supporting many daily life activities. Cognitive-motor interference (CMI) dual-tasking paradigms have been established to identify the cognitive load of complex natural motor tasks, such as running and cycling. Here we used wireless, smartphone-recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and motion sensors while participants were either standing on firm ground or on a slackline, either performing an auditory oddball task (dual-task condition) or no task simultaneously (single-task condition). We expected a reduced amplitude and increased latency of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) component to target sounds for the complex balancing compared to the standing on ground condition, and a further decrease in the dual-task compared to the single-task balancing condition. Further, we expected greater postural sway during slacklining while performing the concurrent auditory attention task. Twenty young, experienced slackliners performed an auditory oddball task, silently counting rare target tones presented in a series of frequently occurring standard tones. Results revealed similar P3 topographies and morphologies during both movement conditions. Contrary to our predictions we observed neither significantly reduced P3 amplitudes, nor significantly increased latencies during slacklining. Unexpectedly, we found greater postural sway during slacklining with no additional task compared to dual-tasking. Further, we found a significant correlation between the participant's skill level and P3 latency, but not between skill level and P3 amplitude or postural sway. This pattern of results indicates an interference effect for less skilled individuals, whereas individuals with a high skill level may have shown a facilitation effect. Our study adds to the growing field of research demonstrating that ERPs obtained in uncontrolled, daily-life situations can provide meaningful results. We argue that the individual CMI effects on the P3 ERP reflects how demanding the balancing task is for untrained individuals, which draws on limited resources that are otherwise available for auditory attention processing. In future work, the analysis of concurrently recorded motion-sensor signals will help to identify the cognitive demands of motor tasks executed in natural, uncontrolled environments., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Papin, Esche, Scanlon, Jacobsen and Debener.)

Objectives: At 12 months follow up of the PLIANT study, clinical success and efficacy of the E-liac Stent Graft System (JOTEC GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) were evaluated. Clinical success was defined as aneurysm exclusion (no type I, III, IV endoleak) with primary patency of the internal iliac artery (IIA) and external iliac artery (EIA) on the E-liac implantation side., Methods: In this prospective multicentre European observational study, clinical and morphological data of 45 patients (93% male, mean age 72 y) were prospectively collected in 11 European centres between July 2014 and June 2016. Forty patients underwent an aorto-iliac (three patients bilaterally) treatment and five an isolated iliac treatment., Results: At 12 months follow up, data were available for 42 patients. Overall clinical success at 12 months was 90%, with a survival rate of 100%. Four patients (10%) did not achieve clinical success, one with an internal iliac artery (IIA) occlusion on the E-liac implantation side, one with an infrarenal type Ia endoleak, and two with type Ib endoleaks in IIA. At 12 months the primary patency rate in the internal iliac artery on the iliac side branch implantation side was 98%. Two patients (5%) received E-liac related re-interventions: one caused by an edge stenosis at the distal end of the graft limb in the external iliac artery (EIA) and one caused by thrombo-embolism in the external iliac artery. Thus, for the EIA, primary and secondary patency rates were 98% and 100%, respectively., Conclusions: The low device related re-intervention rate of 5%, the high survival rate of 100%, and the high primary patency rates of 98% for the IIA and EIA at 12 month follow up demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the E-liac Stent Graft System. Long term 36 month results are awaited to confirm the efficacy and durability., (Copyright © 2019 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To study the safety and feasibility of the E-liac Stent Graft System® in patients with aorto/iliac aneurysms., Methods: A prospective multicentric European registry of patients receiving the E-liac Stent Graft System® was conducted. Endpoints of the study included the technical success as well as periprocedural events and 30-day endoleaks, reinterventions, internal and external iliac artery patency and mortality., Results: Between July 2014 and June 2016, a total of 45 patients (93% men, mean age 72 years, range 53-90 years) were enrolled at 11 sites in four European countries. Five patients received an isolated iliac treatment. Thirty-seven patients were treated with a combination of an abdominal stent graft and a unilateral E-liac and three in combination with bilateral E-liac. All E-liac Stent Grafts (48) were implanted in the intended position and the internal iliac arteries were successfully bridged. Two patients did not receive clinical success, due to endoleak type Ia of the aortic stent graft. At 30-day follow-up, clinical success rate was 96%. Three successful endovascular reinterventions were performed within the 30-day follow-up: one due to a type Ia endoleak in the common iliac artery, one due to type Ia endoleak of the aortic stent graft, and one due to bilateral lower limb claudication provoked by stent graft limb stenosis. At 30-day, a 100% survival rate and complete absence of pelvic or buttock ischemia/claudication were reported. Primary patency at 30 days was 100% for the internal iliac artery and 98% for the external iliac artery with an assisted patency of 100% in the latter., Conclusions: The high clinical success rate, low rates of device-related reinterventions (2%), and excellent patency rate demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the E-liac Stent Graft System. Long-term results are awaited to state efficacy and durability. Clinical Trials.gov. Identifier no. NCT02209194.

Introduction: We report a case of a 57-year-old man with a successful total endovascular treatment of a symptomatic penetrating arterial ulcer (PAU) of a lusorian artery (LA) together with a standard endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The LA is an aberrant subclavian artery and a congenital aortic arch anomaly with a reported prevalence of 0.4-2.6%. Typical for the base of the LA is a Kommerell diverticulum making an endovascular approach even more difficult., Methods: The patient was admitted to our hospital due to an unspecific retrosternal and hypopharyngeal pulsation feeling. The contrast computed tomography scan revealed a PAU in the middle of the aberrant right subclavian artery, apart from the size progression of an asymptomatic and followed-up AAA. Beside a standard abdominal endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), a total endovascular PAU exclusion was achieved using an Endurant tapered leg extension. The system was released in a back-table procedure and then remounted reversed on the system which now could be introduced via a transverse arteriotomy of the right axillary artery., Results: The technical result was excellent, no endoleak was observed, and the symptoms disappeared immediately. The patient was discharged symptom free after 5 days., Summary: This is so far the first reported total endovascular therapy of a symptomatic PAU of an LA. There are no tapered leg extensions or main bodies with a necessary working length for a femoral approach and correct sizing at the same time available on the market. The technical success was, therefore, based on the possibility of releasing and remounting parts of the Endurant Stent Graft System in emergency cases in a back-table setting. Although this is off-label use in experienced hands, it is easy to handle and can surely help the endovascular surgeon in some challenging situation where no standard stent-graft system is available., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is one of the most extensively discussed diagnoses. There is neither a clear and homogenous clinical presentation nor an accepted definition. The term describes a complex of symptoms and complaints caused by the compression of nerves and vascular structures at one of the three defined constrictions of the upper thoracic aperture. Methods Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article presents the etiology, epidemiology and clinical diagnostics as well as the possibilities and outcomes of surgical treatment. Results The thoracic outlet syndrome is currently subdivided into three main forms: vascular TOS (vasTOS) including arterial TOS (aTOS) and venous TOS (vTOS), neurogenic TOS (nTOS), which is further subdivided into typical (nTOS) and atypical TOS (disTOS), and a mixed form of nTOS and vasTOS (nvasTOS). The diagnosis is complex and difficult since the disTOS group comprises over 90 % of all patients. In addition to conservative treatment attempts, nTOS may be treated by surgical procedures focusing on the decompression of neurovascular structures. A significant improvement after surgery was found in up to 92 % of cases. The most common access sites are supraclavicular and transaxillary. 50 to 80 % of patients benefit from surgery in the long run. The rates of vascular or neurological complications reported by specialised centres are 0 to 2 %; minor complications such as pneumothorax, bleeding and lymphatic fistula are reported in up to 25 % of cases. Summary Most patients suffering from any form of TOS benefit from surgical treatment. Duration of symptoms, socioeconomic factors and, most notably, stringent diagnostic workup and an adequate operative procedure performed by an experienced centre are crucial to success., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Signalling of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) via G-protein-coupled receptors of the Endothelial Differentiation Gene family differentially regulates cellular processes such as migration, proliferation and morphogenesis in a variety of cell types. Proliferation and migration of retinal Müller glial cells are involved in pathological events such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Investigation of possible functional roles of S1P receptors might thus open new insights into Müller cell pathophysiology. Here we show that cultured Müller cells from the guinea pig retina respond to application of S1P with an increase in the intracellular calcium content in a concentration-dependent manner (EC(50) 11nM). This calcium increase consists of two components; an initial fast peak and a slow plateau component. The initial transient is caused by a release of calcium from intracellular stores and is suppressed by U-73122, a selective phospholipase C inhibitor. The slow plateau component is caused by a calcium influx. These results suggest that the S1P-induced calcium response in Müller cells partially involves signalling via G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, S1P slightly induced Müller cell migration but no proliferation. Thus, the data indicate that Müller cells might be involved in S1P signalling in the retina., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A human hand was injected with red-coloured gelatine. There, three varieties in the arterious blood supply were detected. (1) The radial artery directly ramifies to branches for the forefinger and the middle finger, (2) The radial artery divides an the dorsum manus, (3) A branch from the superficial palmar arc contributes to the supply of the thumb.