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1. Multiparameter growth-performance monitoring of Holstein dairy heifers fed on moderate- or high-energy feeding plans from birth to puberty.

Author

Clément Colas, Eric Venturi, Marine Saget, Ludovic Métivier, Eric Briant, Mickaël Dupont, David Georget, Mathilde Daudon, Christelle Ramé, Frédéric Elleboudt, Ludovic Ducrocq, Cédric Ravineau, Pascal Salvetti, Rozenn Dalbies-Tran, Joëlle Dupont, and Christophe Staub

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Today, dairy cattle farmers are seeking to optimize expenditure and productivity throughout the lives of their animals by focusing on efficiency at all levels. One strategy for bringing forward the start of a dairy cow's profitability phase is to advance the onset of puberty and reduce the animal's age at their first calving. Thus, one objective of this study was to feed two groups of Holstein dairy heifers the same diet but in different quantities, with the aim of generating a growth differential of at least 200 g/day between the two groups. Thirty-eight heifer calves were followed from birth through puberty using body morphometric measurements and quantitative data collected by automatic feeders, which enabled the monitoring of both feed intake and growth for individual heifers. Routine ultrasonography was used to examine changes in the muscle and adipose tissue compartments, and x-ray tomography was used to monitor bone mineralization and rumen development. At 12 weeks of age, heifers in the optimized feeding (OPT) group had greater cortical bone thickness in the tibia compared with the control (CON) group. At 18 weeks of age, OPT heifers also had more trabecular cancellous bone. In contrast, the ruminal volumes of the heifers in the CON group were greater than those of the OPT heifers at 12 weeks. The OPT heifers had greater indices of general, skeletal, and muscular development at 9 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Among the circulating plasma indicators measured in this study, non-esterified fatty acids were highest in the CON calves at 6 and 12 months of age and at the onset of puberty, whereas IGF1 was highest in the OPT calves at all ages. The age at puberty of the OPT calves was 8.4 ± 0.6 months compared with 11.2 ± 1.1 months for the CON calves. The OPT heifers had an average daily weight gain of 1018 g/day from birth to the onset of puberty, which enabled them to achieve increased body fattening and to reach puberty 3 months earlier compared with the CON heifers; the average daily weight gain of the CON heifers was 780 g/day over the same period. Taken together, this study defines new reference values for a multitude of morphometric indicators, thereby enabling precise monitoring of the growth of Holstein heifers from birth to puberty.

Published
2024
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2. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in total or partial reversibility of plasma oxidative stress, cecal microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid composition in broiler hens

Author

Mathias Fréville, Anthony Estienne, Christelle Ramé, Gaëlle Lefort, Marine Chahnamian, Christophe Staub, Eric Venturi, Julie Lemarchand, Elise Maximin, Alice Hondelatte, Olivier Zemb, Cécile Canlet, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Pascal Froment, and Joëlle Dupont

Subjects
birds, glyphosate, metabolism, cecal microbiome, oxidative stress, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are massively used in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on avian species although they are largely exposed via their food. Here, we investigated the potential reversibility of the effects of chronic dietary exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in broiler hens. For 42 days, we exposed 32-week-old hens to glyphosate-based herbicides via their food (47 mg/kg/day glyphosate equivalent, glyphosate-based herbicides, n = 75) corresponding to half glyphosate’s no-observed-adverse-effect-level in birds. We compared their performance to that of 75 control animals (CT). Both groups (glyphosate-based herbicides and control animals) were then fed for 28 additional days without glyphosate-based herbicides exposure (Ex-glyphosate-based herbicides and Ex-control animals). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily increased the plasma glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) concentrations. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid mostly accumulated in the liver and to a lesser extent in the leg muscle and abdominal adipose tissue. Glyphosate-based herbicides also temporarily increased the gizzard weight and plasma oxidative stress monitored by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily decreased the cecal concentrations of propionate, isobutyrate and propionate but acetate and valerate were durably reduced. The cecal microbiome was also durably affected since glyphosate-based herbicides inhibited Barnesiella and favored Alloprevotella. Body weight, fattening, food intake and feeding behavior as well as plasma lipid and uric acid were unaffected by glyphosate-based herbicides. Taken together, our results show possible disturbances of the cecal microbiota associated with plasma oxidative stress and accumulation of glyphosate in metabolic tissues in response to dietary glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in broiler hens. Luckily, glyphosate-based herbicides at this concentration does not hamper growth and most of the effects on the phenotypes are reversible.

Published
2022
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3. A grape seed extract maternal dietary supplementation in reproductive hens reduces oxidative stress associated to modulation of plasma and tissue adipokines expression and improves viability of offsprings.

Author

Alix Barbe, Namya Mellouk, Christelle Ramé, Jérémy Grandhaye, Christophe Staub, Eric Venturi, Marine Cirot, Angélique Petit, Karine Anger, Marine Chahnamian, Patrice Ganier, Olivier Callut, Estelle Cailleau-Audouin, Sonia Metayer-Coustard, Antonella Riva, Pascal Froment, and Joëlle Dupont

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

In reproductive hens, a feed restriction is an usual practice to improve metabolic and reproductive disorders. However, it acts a stressor on the animal. In mammals, grape seed extracts (GSE) reduces oxidative stress. However, their effect on endocrine and tissue response need to be deepened in reproductive hens. Here, we evaluated the effects of time and level of GSE dietary supplementation on growth performance, viability, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in plasma and metabolic tissues in reproductive hens and their offsprings. We designed an in vivo trial using 4 groups of feed restricted hens: A (control), B and C (supplemented with 0.5% and 1% of the total diet composition in GSE since week 4, respectively) and D (supplemented with 1% of GSE since the hatch). In hens from hatch to week 40, GSE supplementation did not affect food intake and fattening whatever the time and dose of supplementation. Body weight was significantly reduced in D group as compared to control. In all hen groups, GSE supplementation decreased plasma oxidative stress index associated to a decrease in the mRNA expression of the NOX4 and 5 oxidant genes in liver and muscle and an increase in SOD mRNA expression. This was also associated to decreased plasma chemerin and increased plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels. Interestingly, maternal GSE supplementation increased the live body weight and viability of chicks at hatching and 10 days of age. This was associated to a decrease in plasma and liver oxidative stress parameters. Taken together, GSE maternal dietary supplementation reduces plasma and tissue oxidative stress associated to modulation of adipokines without affecting fattening in reproductive hens. A 1% GSE maternal dietary supplementation increased offspring viability and reduced oxidative stress suggesting a beneficial transgenerational effect and a potential use to improve the quality of the progeny in reproductive hens.

Published
2020
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4. Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens

Author

Jeremy Grandhaye, Veronique Douard, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Yifan Xu, Alex Cheok, Antonella Riva, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Olivier Zemb, Catherine Philippe, Magali Monnoye, Christophe Staub, Eric Venturi, Alix Barbe, Christelle Ramé, Joelle Dupont, and Pascal Froment

Subjects
broiler, grape seed, microbiota, adipose tissue, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

In poultry, the selection of broilers for growth performance has induced a deterioration in the health of the parental hens associated with poor reproductive efficiency. To improve these parameters, we administered to laying parental broiler hens a regular diet supplemented or not (Control) with a moderate (1%) or a high level (2%) of grape seed extract (GSE). The 1% GSE diet was administered from a young age (from 4 to 40 weeks of age) and the high level of 2% GSE was administered only during a 2-week period (from 38 to 40 weeks of age) in the laying period. The analysis of 40-week-old hens showed that 2% GSE displayed a reduction in the fat tissue and an improvement in fertility with heavier and more resistant eggs. Seven monomer phenolic metabolites of GSE were significantly measured in the plasma of the 2% GSE hens. GSE supplementation increased the relative abundance of the following bacteria populations: Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacilliaceae and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, a supplementation period of only 2 weeks with 2% GSE is sufficient to improve the metabolic and laying parameters of breeder hens through a modification in the microbiota.

Published
2020
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5. Anti-Müllerian hormone production in the ovary: a comparative study in bovine and porcine granulosa cells†

Author

Peggy Jarrier, Danielle Monniaux, Eric Venturi, Anthony Estienne, Christophe Staub, Yves Le Vern, Philippe Monget, Nathalie di Clemente, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), French Fellowship from the Région centre and INRAE, ANR-12-BSV1-0034,AMHAROC,L'hormone anti-Müllérienne ovarienne : régulation, activité et implication dans le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques(2012), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Anti-Mullerian Hormone, pig, Smad6 Protein, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Response element, Ovary, Biology, Bone morphogenetic protein, 03 medical and health sciences, granulosa, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, AMH, Protein biosynthesis, medicine, Animals, Promoter Regions, Genetic, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, Granulosa Cells, promoter, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Anti-Müllerian hormone, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Transfection, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, cattle, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, biology.protein, Female, Signal Transduction, Hormone
Abstract

In this study, we aimed to determine the origin of the difference, in terms of anti-Müllerian hormone production, existing between the bovine and porcine ovaries. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time-Polymerase-Chain Reaction, ELISA assay and immunohistochemistry that anti-Müllerian hormone mRNA and protein production are very low in porcine ovarian growing follicles compared to bovine ones. We then have transfected porcine and bovine granulosa cells with vectors containing the luciferase gene driven by the porcine or the bovine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter. These transfection experiments showed that the porcine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter is less active and less responsive to bone morphogenetic protein stimulations than the bovine promoter in both porcine and bovine cells. Moreover, bovine but not porcine granulosa cells were responsive to bone morphogenetic protein stimulation after transfection of a plasmidic construction including a strong response element to the bone morphogenetic proteins (12 repetitions of the GCCG sequence) upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. We also showed that SMAD6, an inhibitor of the SMAD1-5-8 pathway, is strongly expressed in porcine compared to the bovine granulosa cells. Overall, these results suggest that the low expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in porcine growing follicles is due to both a lack of activity/sensitivity of the porcine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter, and to the lack of responsiveness of porcine granulosa cells to bone morphogenetic protein signaling, potentially due to an overexpression of SMAD6 compared to bovine granulosa cells. We propose that the low levels of anti-Müllerian hormone in the pig would explain the poly-ovulatory phenotype in this species.

Published
2020
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6. Evolution of steroid concentrations in saliva from immature to pubertal gilts for the identification of biomarkers of gilts receptivity to boar effect

Author

Annie Cambourg, Ghylène Goudet, Eric Venturi, Stéphane Ferchaud, Antoine Pianos, Antoine Roinsard, Philippe Liere, Jonathan Savoie, Armelle Prunier, Cécile Douet, Neïké Fernandez, Florence Maupertuis, Sylviane Boulot, Christophe Staub, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture Centre-Val de Loire (CRA Pays de la Loire), Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This study was supported by INRA, Comité Interne en Agriculture Biologique (CIAB), programme AgriBio4, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, puberty, Saliva, BOAR, media_common.quotation_subject, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Physiology, Estrone, Urine, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, gc-ms/ms, male effect, Ovulation, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, saliva, General Veterinary, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, porcine, steroidome, 040201 dairy & animal science, 6. Clean water, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Estrus synchronization is necessary for management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. It is usually achieved by using synthetic progestagens, but there is increasing demand for non-hormonal alternative tools with the prospect of sustainability of livestock production. Moreover, in organic farms, synthetic hormones are not allowed. Before reaching puberty, gilts exhibit a “waiting period” during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could trigger and synchronize the first ovulation. However, practical non-invasive tools for detection of the “waiting period” in pig farms are lacking. During this period, estrone levels in urine are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. Our objective was to identify among steroids potential biomarkers of this “waiting period” through saliva monitoring from immature to pubertal gilts using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Starting between 144 and 147 days of age, six Large White gilts were submitted to ultrasound puberty diagnosis 3 times a week until first ovulation. Urine and saliva samples were collected to analyze weekly estrone and steroidome respectively, until puberty. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before first ovulation occurring between 182 and 192 days of age. The period with increasing estrone levels was considered as the “waiting period”. Steroidome analysis allowed identifying and quantifying 28 steroids in 500 µl of gilts saliva. Significant decrease of dehydroepiandrosterone and significant increase of 5α-dihydroprogesterone and 17β-estradiol were detected 2 weeks before puberty, suggesting that these steroids could be potential biomarkers of the “waiting period”. These results show that painless sampling of saliva could be a non-invasive welfare-friendly tool for the identification of the physiological hormonal status of the gilts and possibly the optimal time for application of the boar effect, a solution to synchronize puberty without exogenous hormones.

Published
2019
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7. Adipokines expression profiles in both plasma and peri renal adipose tissue in Large White and Meishan sows: A possible involvement in the fattening and the onset of puberty

Author

Eric Venturi, Agnieszka Rak, Alix Barbe, Ewa Mlyczyńska, Yvon Billon, Christelle Ramé, Patrycja Kurowska, Christophe Staub, Joëlle Dupont, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
pig, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, puberty, Swine, fattening, Adipose tissue, Adipokine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, White adipose tissue, CMKLR1, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasma, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, white adipose tissue, Adipokines, Internal medicine, medicine, Chemerin, Animals, Humans, Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP, adipokines, plasma, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Pig, biology, Adiponectin, Leptin, Puberty, Apelin, Adipose Tissue, Fattening, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

International audience; In pig, backfat deposition is strongly related to the growth and reproductive performance. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of adipose tissue are not clearly understood. Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a variety of factors including adipokines. However, the regulation of expression pattern of these adipokines in both plasma and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) in lean and fat pig is unclear. In the present study, we used two representative porcine breeds (Large White, LW; Meishan, MS) with contrasting backfat thickness and sexual maturity age. Using specific ELISA assays, we determined the plasma profile of eight adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, chemerin, resistin, omentin and vaspin in LW and MS sows. By RT-qPCR and western-blot we also investigated the mRNA and protein levels of these adipokines and their cognate receptors (LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, CMKLR1, CCRL2, GPR1, APLNR, TLR4, ROR1, CAP1 and HSPA5) in the peri renal WAT, respectively. At both plasma and peri renal WAT level, we found that the amounts of leptin, chemerin, resistin and vaspin were higher whereas those of adiponectin and omentin were lower in MS than LW sows. Plasma and adipose tissue visfatin and apelin levels were not different between the two breeds. Moreover, we noted that the variations of peri renal WAT adipokines observed between MS and LW were similar at the protein and mRNA level except for chemerin and apelin suggesting post-transcriptional modifications for these two adipokines. Finally, among the eight adipokines studied, we showed that only the plasma concentrations of leptin and chemerin were positively and those of adiponectin, negatively associated with the thickness of fat and opposite correlation was found for the onset of puberty in both LW and MS animals. Taken together, these results support a potential involvement of adipokines in WAT regulation and its link with the onset of the puberty in sows.

Published
2020
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8. A grape seed extract maternal dietary supplementation in reproductive hens reduces oxidative stress associated to modulation of plasma and tissue adipokines expression and improves viability of offsprings

Author

Eric Venturi, Namya Mellouk, Karine Anger, Pascal Froment, Antonella Riva, Joëlle Dupont, Sonia Métayer-Coustard, Angélique Petit, Marine Chahnamian, Christelle Ramé, E. Cailleau-Audouin, Olivier Callut, Alix Barbe, Jérémy Grandhaye, Christophe Staub, Patrice Ganier, Marine Cirot, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Indena SpA, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére - UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT), UMR0083, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), UMR INRA / CNRS / Haras Nationaux / Univ. Tours : Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Francois Rabelais [Tours]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adipose tissue, Breeding, Blood plasma, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Pregnancy, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animal Husbandry, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, 2. Zero hunger, Innate Immune System, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Body Fluids, Chemistry, Blood, Physiological Parameters, Grape seed extract, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Cytokines, Female, Adiponectin, Chemokines, Anatomy, Research Article, food.ingredient, Offspring, Science, Immunology, Adipokine, Biology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Adipokines, medicine, Animals, Chemerin, Nutrition, Grape Seed Extract, Chemical Compounds, 0402 animal and dairy science, Biology and Life Sciences, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Cell Biology, Molecular Development, Body weight, 040201 dairy & animal science, Uric Acid, Diet, Biological Tissue, 030104 developmental biology, Oxidative stress, Food, Immune System, Dietary Supplements, biology.protein, Chickens, Acids, Developmental Biology
Abstract

In reproductive hens, a feed restriction is an usual practice to improve metabolic and reproductive disorders. However, it acts a stressor on the animal. In mammals, grape seed extracts (GSE) reduces oxidative stress. However, their effect on endocrine and tissue response need to be deepened in reproductive hens. Here, we evaluated the effects of time and level of GSE dietary supplementation on growth performance, viability, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in plasma and metabolic tissues in reproductive hens and their offsprings. We designed an in vivo trial using 4 groups of feed restricted hens: A (control), B and C (supplemented with 0.5% and 1% of the total diet composition in GSE since week 4, respectively) and D (supplemented with 1% of GSE since the hatch). In hens from hatch to week 40, GSE supplementation did not affect food intake and fattening whatever the time and dose of supplementation. Body weight was significantly reduced in D group as compared to control. In all hen groups, GSE supplementation decreased plasma oxidative stress index associated to a decrease in the mRNA expression of the NOX4 and 5 oxidant genes in liver and muscle and an increase in SOD mRNA expression. This was also associated to decreased plasma chemerin and increased plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels. Interestingly, maternal GSE supplementation increased the live body weight and viability of chicks at hatching and 10 days of age. This was associated to a decrease in plasma and liver oxidative stress parameters. Taken together, GSE maternal dietary supplementation reduces plasma and tissue oxidative stress associated to modulation of adipokines without affecting fattening in reproductive hens. A 1% GSE maternal dietary supplementation increased offspring viability and reduced oxidative stress suggesting a beneficial transgenerational effect and a potential use to improve the quality of the progeny in reproductive hens.

Published
2020
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9. Integrative analysis of blood and gut microbiota data suggests a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related disorder in French SLA

Author

Marco, Moroldo, Peris Mumbi, Munyaka, Jérôme, Lecardonnel, Gaëtan, Lemonnier, Eric, Venturi, Claire, Chevaleyre, Isabelle P, Oswald, Jordi, Estellé, and Claire, Rogel-Gaillard

Subjects
Feces, Phenotype, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Swine, Molecular biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Animals, Swine, Miniature, Gene expression, Metagenomics, Zoology, Article, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract

Minipigs are a group of small-sized swine lines, which show a broad range of phenotype variation and which often tend to be obese. The SLAdd (DD) minipig line was created by the NIH and selected as homozygous at the SLA locus. It was brought to France more than 30 years ago and maintained inbred ever since. In this report, we characterized the physiological status of a herd of French DD pigs by measuring intermediate phenotypes from blood and faeces and by using Large White (LW) pigs as controls. Three datasets were produced, i.e. complete blood counts (CBCs), microarray-based blood transcriptome, and faecal microbiota obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing. CBCs and expression profiles suggested a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related pathology associated to comorbid cardiac diseases. The characterization of 16S sequencing data was less straightforward, suggesting only a potential weak link to obesity. The integration of the datasets identified several fine-scale associations between CBCs, gene expression, and faecal microbiota composition. NAFLD is a common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac pathologies. Here we show that the French DD herd is potentially affected by this syndrome.

Published
2019

10. Assessment of the body development kinetic of broiler breeders by non-invasive imaging tools

Author

Jérémy, Grandhaye, François, Lecompte, Christophe, Staub, Eric, Venturi, Ingrid, Plotton, Estelle, Cailleau-Audouin, Patrice, Ganier, Christelle, Ramé, Sylvain, Brière, Joelle, Dupont, Pascal, Froment, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Hendrix Genetics, Region Centre Val de Loire through the project OXYFERTI, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMT BIRD, Region Centre-Val de Loire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
Male, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, ultrasound, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Breeding, tomography, broiler, Mass Spectrometry, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Body Composition, Animals, Female, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal Husbandry, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Chickens, metabolism, development, Ultrasonography
Abstract

International audience; In order to determine the body compo-sition of parental broilers during growth from hatch-ing to adulthood (32 wk of age), we evaluated thekinetics of fattening, growth rate, reproduction param-eters, and body composition of the animals by usingnon-invasive tools such as medical imaging (ultrasoundand CT scan) and blood sample analysis. The use ofCT scanner allowed us to monitor the development ofthe body composition (fatness, bone, muscle, ovary, andtestis growth) of these same animals. These analyseswere accompanied by biochemical blood analyses suchas steroids, metabolites, and some adipokines concen-tration. Difference in the body composition betweenmales and females appeared at 16 wk of age. From20 wk of age, shortly before the onset of lay, the fe-males had 1.6-fold more adipose tissues than males(P

Published
2019
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11. Ultrasonographic measures of body fatness and their relationship with plasma levels and adipose tissue expression of four adipokines in Welsh pony mares

Author

J. M. Yvon, M. Cirot, Yvan Gaude, Christophe Staub, François Lecompte, Fabrice Reigner, L. Léonard, Philippe Barrière, Thierry Gascogne, Thierry Blard, Christelle Ramé, Eric Venturi, Joëlle Dupont, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Rump, Subcutaneous adipose tissue, Withers, Mare, Adipose tissue, Adipokine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Food Animals, Adipokines, Internal medicine, Blood plasma, Medicine, Animals, Horses, Ultrasonography, 2. Zero hunger, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Body condition, Adiponectin, business.industry, Leptin, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Adipose Tissue, Gene Expression Regulation, Body Composition, Animal Science and Zoology, Resistin, Female, business
Abstract

International audience; Obesity is responsible for metabolic dysregulations that alter fertility and induce pathologies. The objectives of the present study were to validate a reliable method for the evaluation of body fatness in mares and to associate the body fat estimation data to metabolic changes, including adipokines at the plasma and adipose tissue levels. To reach this purpose, animals were subjected to two extreme breeding conditions to study the variation of morphological, ultrasound, and physiological parameters. Twenty Welsh mares were followed up monthly from April to October before and after animals were moved outdoors to grasslands. Body weight (BW), body length (BL), height at the withers (HW), thoracic perimeter (TP), 5-point body condition score (BCS), and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFr) at the level of the shoulder, the lumbar region, and the rump, measured by ultrasonography, and plasma and adipose tissue metabolic indicators were assessed in parallel. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model, whereas Pearson tests were used for the analysis of the correlations between the different parameters. Although mean BW did not increase significantly (P = 0.0940), TP (P = 0.0002) and BCS (P < 0.0001) increased during the study period. Ultrasonographic examination of subcutaneous adipose tissue showed an increase in SFT at the level of the shoulder (P < 0.0001), lumbar region (P < 0.0001), and rump (P < 0.0001). Plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (P < 0.0001), phospholipids (P < 0.0001), and cholesterol (P < 0.0001) increased significantly, whereas triglycerides (P < 0.0001) decreased significantly during the study period. Although both plasma concentrations and adipose tissue expression of leptin (P < 0.0001) and resistin (P < 0.0001) increased significantly, adiponectin (P < 0.0001) significantly decreased and visfatin remained unchanged (P = 0.8401). Expression of adipokine receptors studied showed the opposite pattern compared with their ligand. Ultrasonographic measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at the shoulder, lumbar region, and rump are relevant indicators of fatness related with adipokine plasma concentrations and expression of adipokine-related receptors in adipose tissue, and particularly highlight seasonal effects. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2019
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12. Salivary and urinary metabolome analysis for pre-puberty-related biomarkers identification in porcine

Author

L. Nadal-Desbarats, Stéphane Ferchaud, Sylviane Boulot, Eric Venturi, Ghylène Goudet, Armelle Prunier, Christophe Staub, Jonathan Savoie, Cécile Douet, ProdInra, Migration, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Goudet, Ghylène, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Saliva, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Swine, reproduction animale, Physiology, Urine, 0403 veterinary science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sexual Maturation, media_common, Animal biology, Reproduction, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, truie, urine, Animal culture, saliva, gilt, boar effect, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, puberte, Metabolome, Female, biomarqueur, Research Article, Ovulation, BOAR, Estrone, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Urinary system, Biology, SF1-1100, Biologie animale, Animals, salive, Estrous cycle, Ovary, 0402 animal and dairy science, 040201 dairy & animal science, chemistry, spectroscopie résonance magnétique nucléaire, Physiology and Functional Biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Estrus synchronization is important for optimal management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. Hormonal treatments, such as synthetic progestogens, are used on a routine basis, but there is a growing demand for non-hormonal alternative breeding tools. Before puberty, gilts exhibit a ‘waiting period,’ related to the ovarian development and gonadotrophin secretions, during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could induce and synchronize first ovulation. Practical non-invasive tools for identification of this period in farms are lacking. During this period, urinary oestrone levels are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. The aim of this work was to search for specific biomarkers of the ‘waiting period’ in saliva and urine. In total, nine 144- to 147-day-old Large White gilts were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasonography three times a week for 5 weeks until puberty detection (week –5 to week –1 before puberty). Urine and saliva samples were collected for oestrone assay to detect the ‘waiting period’ and for metabolome analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect potential biomarkers of the ‘waiting period.’ Gilts were slaughtered 7 days after puberty detection for puberty confirmation. Results were consistent with ultrasonography data for six gilts. Urine and saliva samples from these six gilts were analyzed. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before puberty detection. Metabolome analysis of urine samples allowed the identification of 78 spectral bins, among them, 42 low-molecular-weight metabolites were identified. Metabolome analysis of salivary samples allowed the identification of 59 spectral bins, among them, 23 low-molecular-weight metabolites were detected and 17 were identified. No potential biomarker was identified in urinary samples. In saliva, butyrate and 2HOvalerate, 5.79 ppm (putatively uridine), formate, malonate and propionate could be biomarker candidates to ascertain the pre-puberty period in gilt reproduction. These results confirm that non-invasive salivary samples could allow the identification of the physiological status of the gilts and presumably the optimal time for application of the boar effect. This could contribute to synchronize puberty onset and hence to develop non-hormonal breeding tools.

Published
2019
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13. Cell therapy for Parkinson's disease: A translational approach to assess the role of local and systemic immunosuppression

Author

Martine Guillermier, Gilles Blancho, J. P. Soulillou, Isabelle Neveu, Véronique Nerrière-Daguin, Philippe Naveilhan, Domenico D'Avella, Xavier Lévêque, Caroline Jan, Philippe Hantraye, Dino Sgarabotto, Frédéric Dollé, Bernard Vanhove, G. M. De Benedictis, Mario Plebani, A Stefani, Emanuele Cozzi, P. Zampieri, D. Rubello, Valentina Citton, M Boldrin, Marta Vadori, N. Van Camp, Laura Cavicchioli, Renzo Manara, Luca Denaro, R. Aron Badin, F Fante, Paolo Simioni, Philippe Brachet, Pascal Mermillod, Eric Venturi, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 9199 (LMN), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes (UN), UMR 913, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurosciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale 'Santa Maria della Misericordia' = University Hospital 'Santa Maria della Misericordia', Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Transplant Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Transplant Immunology Unit, Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consorzio per la Ricerca sul Trapianto d'Organ = Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), UMR 9199, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére - UE PAO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Rovigo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, 0301 basic medicine, pig, Parkinson's disease, T-Lymphocytes, medicine.medical_treatment, Sus scrofa, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy, maladie de parkinson, Lymphocyte Activation, primate, Animals, Genetically Modified, Cell therapy, 0302 clinical medicine, xenotransplantation, Immunology and Allergy, CTLA-4 Antigen, Pharmacology (medical), Cells, Cultured, Neurons, Graft Survival, Dopaminergic, Parkinson Disease, Immunosuppression, thérapie cellulaire, 3. Good health, primary Parkinsonism, Heterografts, Female, animal transgénique, Immunosuppressive Agents, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Xenotransplantation, Transplantation, Heterologous, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, porcin, maladie neurodégénérative, Immunosuppression Therapy, Transplantation, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, swine, medicine.disease, Blockade, transgenic mouse, Macaca fascicularis, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, cell therapy, business, artificial immunodepression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, CD80, immunodepression, porc
Abstract

Neural transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. However, many patients receiving intracerebral fetal allografts exhibit signs of immunization to donor antigens that could compromise the graft. In this context, we intracerebrally transplanted mesencephalic pig xenografts into primates to identify a suitable strategy to enable long-term cell survival, maturation and differentiation. Parkinsonian primates received wild-type or CTLA4-Ig transgenic porcine xenografts and different durations of peripheral immunosuppression to test whether systemic plus graft-mediated local immunosuppression might avoid rejection. A striking recovery of spontaneous locomotion was observed in primates receiving systemic plus local immunosuppression for 6 months. Recovery was associated with restoration of dopaminergic activity detected both by PET imaging and histological examination. Local infiltration by T-cells and CD80/86-positive microglial cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase were observed only in CTLA4-Ig recipients. Results suggest that, in this primate neurotransplantation model, peripheral immunosuppression is indispensable to achieve the long-term survival of porcine neuronal xenografts that is required to study the beneficial immunomodulatory effect of local blockade of T-cell costimulation. This article is protected by copyright.

Published
2016
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14. Genetic and non-genetic parameters related to embryo production in superovulated Large White (LW) gilts

Author

F. Elleboudt, M. Plat, Eric Venturi, E. Royer, Françoise Martinat-Botté, V. Furstoss, Françoise Berthelot, Insémination Caprine et Porcine (ICP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR6175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Litter Size, Swine, Efficiency, Breeding, Biology, Insemination, genetic parameter, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Animal science, Food Animals, Pregnancy, environmental factor, Internal medicine, Luteolysis, medicine, Animals, Insemination, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, superovulation, Estrous cycle, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, 0402 animal and dairy science, Maternal effect, pigs, Embryo, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Heritability, Embryo Transfer, Embryo, Mammalian, 040201 dairy & animal science, Embryo transfer, Herd, Pregnancy, Animal, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Seasons, embryo production
Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify genetic and non genetic factors which might affect results of embryo production of Large White (LW) cyclic gilts from data collected in one herd during 6 years. Donors (n=1060) were synchronized with a progestogen treatment and luteolysis was induced 13-15 days later by 2 injections of cloprostenol. To stimulate follicular development 800 IU eCG was then injected 24 h later, followed by 500 IU hCG 48 h later. Donors were inseminated twice; depending on the onset of oestrus, the interval between hCG treatment and first insemination (hCGAl1) was either 24 or 41 h. Embryos were collected at 5-6 days after the 1st AI by flushing uterine horns. Traits of interest were the number of corpora lutea (CL), the number of flushed embryos (FE), the number of transferable embryos (TE) and the number of unfertilized embryos CUE). The average number of TE was 18.8 +/- 9.0. The main sources of variation for CL, FE and TE were the season (P 0.89) for the maternal effect. A breeding scheme based on CL selection in response to superovulation could thus improve the number of transferable embryos.

Published
2012
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15. Effect of different levels of feed restriction and fish oil fatty acid supplementation on fat deposition by using different techniques, plasma levels and mRNA expression of several adipokines in broiler breeder hens

Author

Eric Venturi, Pascal Chartrin, Maxime Marchand, François Lecompte, Pascal Froment, Jean-Luc Touzé, Christophe Staub, Angélique Travel, Frédéric Mercerand, Linlin Ma, Joëlle Dupont, Namya Mellouk, Christelle Ramé, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), ITAVI, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Région Centre Val de Loire grant 'Adipofertikines' N ̊ 32000407, MENRT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Adipose tissue, Biochemistry, Fats, Immune Physiology, Blood plasma, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, alimentation, Innate Immune System, Multidisciplinary, acide gras, Muscles, Fatty Acids, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fish oil, Egg Yolk, Lipids, Body Fluids, Blood, Liver, Adipose Tissue, Physiological Parameters, Alimentation et Nutrition, Cytokines, Female, Anatomy, arn messager, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Research Article, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Animal feed, Immunology, Adipokine, Biology, Blood Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, Fish Oils, Animal science, Adipokines, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Caloric Restriction, Nutrition, adipokine, Insulin, lcsh:R, Body Weight, 0402 animal and dairy science, Biology and Life Sciences, Fatty acid, Molecular Development, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, volaille, Biological Tissue, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Immune System, lcsh:Q, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Chickens, Oils, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background Reproductive hens are subjected to a restricted diet to limit the decline in fertility associated with change in body mass. However, endocrine and tissue responses to diet restriction need to be documented. Objective We evaluated the effect of different levels of feed restriction, with or without fish oil supplementation, on metabolic parameters and adipokine levels in plasma and metabolic tissues of reproductive hens. Methods We designed an in vivo protocol involving 4 groups of hens; RNS: restricted (Rt) unsupplemented, ANS: ad libitum (Ad, receiving an amount of feed 1.7 times greater than animals on the restricted diet) unsupplemented, RS: Rt supplemented, and AS: Ad supplemented. The fish oil supplement was used at 1% of the total diet composition. Results Hens fed with the Rt diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) lower growth than Ad hens, while the fish oil supplementation had no effect on these parameters. Furthermore, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the fat ultrasonographic examinations produced similar results to the other methods that required animals to be killed (carcass analysis and weight of adipose tissue). In addition, the Rt diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and ADIPOQ, and fish oil supplementation decreased plasma levels of RARRES2. We also showed a positive correlation between insulin values and ADIPOQ or NAMPT or RARRES2 values, and a negative correlation of fat percentage to RARRES2 values. Moreover, the effects of the Rt diet and fish oil supplementation on the mRNA expression depended on the factors tested and the hen age. Conclusions Rt diet and fish oil supplementation are able to modulate metabolic parameters and the expression of adipokines and their receptors in metabolic tissue.

Published
2018
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16. Determination by echography of uterine changes around puberty in gilts and evaluationof a diagnosis of puberty

Author

Eric Royer, Françoise Martinat-Botté, Eric Venturi, Christian Boisseau, V. Furstoss, M. Terqui, Philippe Guillouet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Pluri-espèces d'Expérimentation Animale en Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (TOURS UPEA PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Insémination Caprine et Porcine (ICP), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Embryology, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Uterus, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physiology, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Pubertal stage, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Sexual Maturation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ultrasonography, media_common, Gynecology, Estrous cycle, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Ovary, 0402 animal and dairy science, Uterine horns, Organ Size, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, In utero, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction, business, Developmental Biology, Food Science, Blood sampling
Abstract

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of ultrasonography in assessing the onset of puberty in gilts. In experiment 1, gilts (n = 17) were scanned 3 times per week beginning at 133 and continuing until 187 days of age. The ultrasonic appearance of the uterus was described, quantified and compared with the reproductive status observed at slaughter. The quantification of the pictures showed a different correlation in time for infantile, impubertal, prepubertal and pubertal stages. For pubertal females, "uterine area" increased at around 180 days of age, well-defined sec- tions of the uterine horns appeared 3 ± 0.5 days before puberty. In infantile and impubertal gilts dur- ing the same period of age, uterine images remained dark and homogeneous; no significant change in the "uterine area" was observed. This difference in images allowed an evaluation of the diagnosis of puberty. In experiment 2, the gilts (n = 123) were scanned, the result was verified at slaughter the day after by examination of the genital tract. The uterine weight of the gilts that had reached a prepubertal or pubertal stage was significantly greater (P = 0.0001) than that in impubertal gilts. The sensitivity and the specificity of the diagnosis were 91.9% and 96.5% respectively. Experiment 3 was performed on a farm and echographic examinations were carried out one and five days after gilts (n = 117) arrived at the piggery. Oestrus detection or blood sampling for progesterone determina- tions were used as tools to determine the reproductive status. The sensitivity and the specificity of the diagnosis were 98.9% and 100% respectively. This diagnosis of puberty is thus accurate. pig / puberty / detection / ultrasonography

Published
2003
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17. hCTLA4-Ig transgene expression in keratocytes modulates rejection of corneal xenografts in a pig to non-human primate anterior lamellar keratoplasty model

Author

Jean-Marie Bach, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Flora Coulon, Gilles Blancho, David Minault, Stéphanie Le Bas-Bernardet, Eric Venturi, Pascal Mermillod, Peter J. Cowan, Roberto Duchi, Cesare Galli, Mark B. Nottle, Yan Cherel, Philippe Brachet, Simon C. Robson, Jeremy Hervouet, Yvette Ducournau, Anne Moreau, Veronique Daguin, Irina Lagutina, David Riochet, Bernard Vanhove, Annaïck Pallier, Bertrand Vabres, Sophie Brouard, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes (UN), Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire (DPTM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Medicine, Transplant Center, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Adelaide, Immunology Research Center, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne-Royal Melbourne Hospital, UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IECM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Pays de la Loire Regional Council, European Commission LSHB-CT-2006-037377, French government ANR-10-IBHU-005, Nantes Metropole, Pays de la Loire Region, Vabres B, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Riochet D, Chérel Y, Minault D, Hervouet J, Ducournau Y, Moreau A, Daguin V, Coulon F, Pallier A, Brouard S, Robson SC, Nottle MB, Cowan PJ, Venturi E, Mermillod P, Brachet P, Galli C, Lagutina I, Duchi R, Bach JM, Blancho G, Soulillou JP, Vanhove B, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Immunoconjugates, Transgene, Xenotransplantation, medicine.medical_treatment, CD3, Sus scrofa, Transplantation, Heterologous, Immunology, Heterologous, Corneal Keratocytes, Abatacept, Animals, Genetically Modified, Corneal Transplantation, Andrology, Stroma, medicine, Animals, Transgenes, Corneal transplantation, hctla4-ig, corneal blindness, alpha1, Transplantation, biology, pig to non-human primate model, Graft Survival, Immunosuppression, transgenic pig line, 3. Good health, Macaca fascicularis, corneal blindne, Models, Animal, biology.protein, corneal xenograft, lamellar keratoplasty, 3-galactosyl transferase knockout, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background Human corneal allografting is an established procedure to cure corneal blindness. However, a shortage of human donor corneas as well as compounding economic, cultural, and organizational reasons in many countries limit its widespread use. Artificial corneas as well as porcine corneal xenografts have been considered as possible alternatives. To date, all preclinical studies using de-cellularized pig corneas have shown encouraging graft survival results; however, relatively few studies have been conducted in pig to non-human primate (NHP) models, and particularly using genetically engineered donors. Methods In this study, we assessed the potential benefit of using either hCTLA4-Ig transgenic or α1,3-Galactosyl Transferase (GT) Knock-Out (KO) plus transgenic hCD39/hCD55/hCD59/fucosyl-transferase pig lines in an anterior lamellar keratoplasty pig to NHP model. Results Corneas from transgenic animals expressing hCTLA4-Ig under the transcriptional control of a neuron-specific enolase promoter showed transgene expression in corneal keratocytes of the stroma and expression was maintained after transplantation. Although a first acute rejection episode occurred in all animals during the second week post-keratoplasty, the median final rejection time was 70 days in the hCTLA4-Ig group vs. 21 days in the wild-type (WT) control group. In contrast, no benefit for corneal xenograft survival from the GTKO/transgenic pig line was found. At rejection, cell infiltration in hCTLA4Ig transgenic grafts was mainly composed of macrophages with fewer CD3+ CD4+ and CD79+ cells than in other types of grafts. Anti-donor xenoantibodies increased dramatically between days 9 and 14 post-surgery in all animals. Conclusions Local expression of the hCTLA4-Ig transgene dampens rejection of xenogeneic corneal grafts in this pig-to-NHP lamellar keratoplasty model. The hCTLA4-Ig transgene seems to target T-cell responses without impacting humoral responses, the control of which would presumably require additional peripheral immunosuppression.

Published
2014
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18. Contribution of computed tomography (CT) scan to extend the lifespan of a porcine CFTR - / - model

Author

Ignacio Caballero, Antoine Guillon, Céline Barc, El Mostafa Berri, Claire Chevaleyre, Sandrina Melo, Deborah Brea, Mickaël Riou, Francois Meurens, Jérémy Pezant, Coigné, J., Hans Adriaensen, François Lecompte, Eric Venturi, Lardy, H., Villemagne, T., Moënne-Loccoz, J., Nathalie Winter, Francis Gauthier, Bertrand Schwartz, Bärh, A., Wolf, E., Nikolai Klymiuk, Ramphal, R., Pierre Sarradin, Mustapha Si-Tahar, Dominique Buzoni, ProdInra, Migration, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Service anesthésie-réanimation, Gene Center, LMU, Association Vaincre la Mucovisidose (VLM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

19. Systemic immunosuppression plus local production of CTLA4-Ig to control rejection of transgenic pig neuroblasts in non-human primates

Author

Romina Aron Badin, Bernard Vanhove, Marta Vadori, Fabio Fante, Massimo Boldrin, Giulia Maria Debenedictis, Laura Cavicchioli, Dino Sgarabotto, Caroline Jan, Véronique Daguin, Philippe Naveilhan, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Luca Denaro, Renzo Manara, Paolo Zampieri, Avella, Domenico D., Martin Plat, Eric Venturi, Françoise Botté, Domenico Rubello, Philippe HANTRAYE, Emanuele Cozzi, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Immunointervention dans les allo et xénotransplantations, Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-ITUN, Consorzio per la Ricerca sul Trapianto di Organi, Partenaires INRAE, Universita di Padova, University Hospital of Padua, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ospedale 'Santa Maria della Misericordia' = University Hospital 'Santa Maria della Misericordia', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova = Hospital-University of Padua (AOUP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

20. Preliminary studies for the establishment of a model of CFTR-deficient piglets

Author

Eric Venturi, R. Ramphal, J. Moënne-Loccoz, El Mostafa Berri, Juliette Cognie, Andrea Bähr, T. Villemagne, Nathalie Winter, F. Gauthier, Michel Olivier, Pierre Sarradin, Dominique Buzoni, François Meurens, Sandrina Pereira Melo, Antoine Guillon, M. Si-Taha, Jérémy Pezant, Eckhard Wolf, Mickaël Riou, S. Attucci, Bertrand Schwartz, Claire Chevaleyre, Celine Leroux-Barc, H. Lardy, D. Brea, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), service de Chirurgie Pediatrique, Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Bretonneau, Gene Center, LMU, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE - INRA UE 1277), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), ProdInra, Migration, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française (SPLF). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Inflammation, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], media_common.quotation_subject, Art, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, 030212 general & internal medicine, Infection, Humanities, media_common
Abstract

National audience; Introduction.– Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Trans membrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The lack of an animal model with lung abnormalities similar to those typically found in human CF has hindered studies of pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of infection in this disease. We aim to establish in Tours a CF pig model with a mutant CFTR that was engineered by our collaborator E. Wolf (Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany). Methods.– Pigs with mutant CFTR are bred in Tours, France. One difficulty with this CF pig model is a 100% prevalence of meconium ileus leading to death in the first days of birth. We therefore organized a multidisciplinary team at Tours (Inserm-INRA-CHU of Tours) and produced animals by mating CFTR+/- male and female pigs. Newborn CF piglets were anesthetized for surgical procedure after the diagnosis of CFTR-/- was confirmed by PCR. Prior to surgery, an attempt to diagnose the intestinal obstruction by abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) scan was made. Results.– Eleven CFTR-/- piglets (1.2 ± 0.2 kg) were born from Nov 2012 to Apr 2013. Nine of them were anesthetized for exploratory laparotomy; the two others were stillborn or euthanized (moribund). The mean birth-to-surgery time was 12.9 ± 2.8 h and included the time for PCR analysis. All CFTR-/- piglets developed meconium ileus, with distended intestine proximal to the obstruction and had poorly developed colon (microcolon). Four piglets had non-viable lesions (intestinal perforation). Ileostomies (intestinal by-pass) were performed for the setting-up of the anesthesia and surgical procedures, but the piglets were eventually euthanized. Finally, five piglets were waking up with an ileostomy. In addition to post-operative care, maternal-milk bottle-feeding has been started six hours after the surgery, with feces passing through the ileostomy. They survived one to three days. We failed to identify the meconium ileus by ultrasonography, but succeed by CT scan. A wide variety of tissues/fluids were collected from these animals to begin a tissue/secretion samples bank for future studies. Conclusions.– The cause of death of the CFTR KO piglets is not currently known, and we are still improving the post-operative cares. As the incidence of meconium ileus is of 100% in CFTR-/- animals, the diagnosis could be done faster by CT scan (and confirmed later by the PCR). By reducing the birth-to-surgery time, we hope to improve the survival. The tissues that we have collected provide an original opportunity to investigate initiating mechanisms of disease, with CF and non-CF comparisons, but without confounders.

Published
2013
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21. Preliminary studies for the establishment of a model of lung colonization caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in piglets - Perspectives of application in the CFTR-deficient piglets

Author

Claire Chevaleyre, Mickaël Riou, El Mostafa Berri, Juliette Cognie, Eric Venturi, Lardy, H., Villemagne, T., Moënne-Loccoz, J., Nathalie Winter, Gauthier, F., Bertrand Schwartz, Bahr, A., Wolf, E., Ramphal, R., Attucci, S., Dominique Buzoni-Gatel, Si-Taha, M., Pierre Sarradin, Brea, D., Michel Olivier, Antoine Guillon, Francois Meurens, Céline Barc, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), service de Chirurgie Pediatrique, Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Bretonneau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gene Center, LMU, Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française (SPLF). Paris, FRA., Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose - Conseil Regional «Centre» et Cluster d'lnfectiologie de la Region Centre, Vaincre la Mucoviscidose. Paris., ProdInra, Migration, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], inflammation, infection
Abstract

National audience; Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Trans membrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The lack of an animal model with lung abnormalities similar to those typically found in human CF has hindered studies of pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of infection in this disease. We aim to establish in Tours a CF pig model with a mutant CFTR that was engineered by our collaborator E. Wolf (Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany). Methods: Pigs with mutant CFTR are bred in Tours, France. One difficulty with this CF pig model is a 100% prevalence of meconium ileus leading to death in the first days of birth. We therefore organized a multidisciplinary team at Tours (Inserm-INRA-CHU of Tours) and produced animals by mating CFTR+/- male and female pigs. Newborn CF piglets were anesthetized for surgical procedure after the diagnosis of CFTR-/- was confirmed by PCR. Prior to surgery, an attempt to diagnose the intestinal obstruction by abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) scan was made. Results: Eleven CFTR -/- piglets (1.2 ± 0.2 kg) were born from Nov 2012 to Apr 2013. Nine of them were anesthetized for exploratory laparotomy; the two others were stillborn or euthanized (moribund). The mean birth-to-surgery time was 12.9 ± 2.8 h and included the time for PCR analysis. All CFTR -/- piglets developed meconium ileus, with distended intestine proximal to the obstruction and had poorly developed colon (microcolon). Four piglets had non-viable lesions (intestinal perforation). Ileostomies (intestinal by-pass) were performed for the setting-up of the anesthesia and surgical procedures, but the piglets were eventually euthanized. Finally, five piglets were waking up with an ileostomy. In addition to post-operative care, maternal-milk bottle-feeding has been started six hours after the surgery, with feces passing through the ileostomy. They survived one to three days. We failed to identify the meconium ileus by ultrasonography, but succeed by CT scan. A wide variety of tissues/fluids were collected from these animals to begin a tissue/secretion samples bank for future studies. Conclusions: The cause of death of the CFTR KO piglets is not currently known, and we are still improving the post-operative cares. As the incidence of meconium ileus is of 100% in CFTR -/- animals, the diagnosis could be done faster by CT scan (and confirmed later by the PCR). By reducing the birth-to-surgery time, we hope to improve the survival. The tissues that we have collected provide an original opportunity to investigate initiating mechanisms of disease, with CF and non-CF comparisons, but without confounders.

Published
2013

22. Les sécrétions de l'oviducte, et en particulier DMBT1, ont un effet bénéfique sur la fécondation monospermique porcine

Author

Barbara Ambruosi, Cécile Douet, Eric Venturi, Ghylène Goudet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Labo/service de l'auteur, Paris, FRA., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], fécondation monospermique porcine, protéine dmbt1
Published
2012

23. Selection of impubertal gilts by ultrasonography optimizes their oestrus, ovulatory and fertility responses following puberty induction by PG600

Author

M.A. Driancourt, Eric Venturi, V. Furstoss, E. Royer, B. Ridremont, F. Elleboudt, Françoise Martinat-Botté, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), Insémination Caprine et Porcine (ICP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Intervet France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ovulation, Gonadotropins, Equine, Swine, media_common.quotation_subject, Fertility, Insemination, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, Estrus, Food Animals, Pregnancy, Animals, Medicine, Sexual maturity, Sexual Maturation, oestrus, Insemination, Artificial, Ultrasonography, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, induction de la puberté, Estrous cycle, fertility, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Uterus, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Drug Combinations, Pregnancy rate, gilt, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, business, puberty induction
Abstract

In a group of gilts, occurrence of puberty is spread over several weeks. The optimal time to apply puberty induction is therefore difficult to define, as treatment of puberal gilts is meaningless. Changes in uterine aspect around puberty can be detected by ultrasonography. Two experiments were carried out to assess the effect of PG600(®) (400 UI of eCG and 200 UI hCG) administration to 6 months old gilts shown to be impubertal by ultrasonography on cyclicity and reproductive performance. Impubertal Large White gilts (n=94) were treated with either PG600 or solvent (controls). Administration of PG600 to impubertal gilts increased significantly the proportion of females displaying pubertal uterine ultrasound images 3 days after treatment (100% versus 65% in controls). The number of days to puberty was significantly reduced in gilts injected with PG600 (3.3 days) versus controls (4.7 days). In gilts of the PG600 group, ovulation rate was higher at the 1st oestrus compared to the 2nd, while this did not happen in controls. Progesterone concentrations were higher at mid-luteal phase in the PG600 treated gilts compared to controls (significant treatment by time interaction). Similar proportions of gilts returned to oestrus (89% versus 74% for controls). Following insemination at the 2nd oestrus, pregnancy rate and number of live embryos were unaffected by treatment. The combination of ultrasonography and PG600 optimizes the use of exogenous hormones by targeting treatment to gilts that need it, therefore facilitating the introduction of gilts into all in/all out system.

Published
2011
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24. Etude des mécanismes de la fécondation dans l'espèce équine par une approche comparative entre les modèles équin et porcin

Author

Sylvie Mugnier, Stéphane Boittin, Sylvie Canepa, Bernadette Delaleu, Cécile Douet, Guy Duchamp, Morgane Kervella, Lebos, C., Michèle Magistrini, Pascal Mermillod, Philippe Monget, Géraldine Pascal, Sizaret, P. Y., Eric Venturi, Ghylène Goudet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], FECONDATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], OVIDUCTE, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ZONE PELLUCIDE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, APPROCHE COMPARATIVE
Abstract

National audience

Published
2010

25. Minocycline promotes long-term survival of neuronal transplant in the brain by inhibiting late microglial activation and T-cell recruitment

Author

Véronique Nerrière-Daguin, Isabelle Neveu, Eric Venturi, Philippe Naveilhan, Philippe Brachet, Xavier Lévêque, Martine Plat, Delphine Michel-Monigadon, UMR 643, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ITERT, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Faculté de Médecine, Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO)

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, Time Factors, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta, T-Lymphocytes, Sus scrofa, Administration, Oral, Minocycline, CELL REJECTION, Pharmacology, Basal Ganglia, 0302 clinical medicine, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Cell Movement, Mesencephalon, Medicine, NEURON, RESTORATIVE STRATEGIE, Antibacterial agent, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, CD11b Antigen, Microglia, Graft Survival, Immunohistochemistry, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Cell Survival, T cell, Transplantation, Heterologous, Central nervous system, 03 medical and health sciences, IMMUNE RESPONSE, Animals, XENOTRANSPLANTATION, 030304 developmental biology, GREFFE NEURONALE, Transplantation, Protein synthesis inhibitor, business.industry, Rats, REJET, MICROGLIAL CELL, Rats, Inbred Lew, Immunology, RAT, Neuron, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background. Cell therapy in the brain is limited by the requirement of high doses of immunosuppressors that have harmful side effects, and often, it cannot prevent the ultimate rejection of the transplanted cells. Alternative treatments that replace or enable a reduction in the doses of usual immunosuppressors have to be found. In this regard, minocycline shows potential as therapeutic agent. This drug crosses the blood-brain barrier, has good safety records, and exhibits strong antiinflammatory effects. Methods. To study the impact of minocycline on the survival of intracerebral transplant, 400,000 porcine fetal neurons were transplanted into the striatum of rats treated daily with minocycline until sacrifice. Graft survival and immunologic reaction were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. In the control groups, all the grafts were rejected at day 63, whereas healthy grafts exhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase(+) neurons were observed in 40% of the treated rats. The low immunoreactivity for ED1 and R73 in treated rats when compared with the control groups suggests that minocycline promotes long-term survival of neuronal xenograft by inhibiting microglial activation and T-cell recruitment. Conclusions. Our present data provide the first evidence of an effect of minocycline on the host immune response after neuronal transplantation into the brain. This observation raises new perspectives concerning the use of minocycline and provides basis for the development of safe and efficient immunosuppressive protocols for intracerebral transplantation.

Published
2010
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26. Induction and synchronization of ovulations of nulliparous and multiparous sows with an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Receptal)

Author

Eric Venturi, M.A. Driancourt, M. Terqui, F. Martinat-Botté, Philippe Guillouet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), Insémination Caprine et Porcine (ICP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Intervet France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Litter (animal), Altrenogest, Time Factors, Litter Size, Pregnancy Rate, Swine, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Food Animals, Pregnancy, sow, Small Animals, Progesterone, media_common, fertility, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, Parity, Female, synchronization, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, Buserelin, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Ovulation Induction, Corpus Luteum, Internal medicine, medicine, Weaning, Animals, Equine chorionic gonadotropin, Ovulation, Estrous cycle, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Equine, 0402 animal and dairy science, Fertility Agents, Female, Embryo, Mammalian, 040201 dairy & animal science, Pregnancy rate, gilt, Endocrinology, chemistry, ovulation, Animal Science and Zoology, Estrus Detection
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine if administration of a set dose (10 mu g) of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, buserelin (Receptal; Rc), at set times after altrenogest (Regumate; RU) treatment or after weaning was able to induce and synchronize ovulation in female swine (gilts and sows). The pubertal (n = 187) gilts were allocated to four groups, all synchronized with RU. Group 1 (RU) was inseminated twice at detected estrus, Group 2 (RU+Rc120) and Group 4 (RU+Rc104) received 10 mu g Rc at 120 or 104 h after the end of RU treatment, respectively, and Group 3 (RU+eCG+Rc104) was treated with 800 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at 24 h and Re 104 h after the end of RU treatment, respectively. Gilts were inseminated twice at predetermined times, namely 144 and 168 h (Group 2), 128 and 144 h (Group 3), and 144 and 152 h (Group 4) after the end of RU treatment, respectively. Pregnant gilts were slaughtered at 30 d. Administration of Re 104 h after the end of RU feeding synchronized ovulation over a 24-h time window in 97.9% and 100% of the gilts of Groups 3 and 4, respectively, whereas Re administration at 120 h (Group 2) only successfully synchronized 88.9% of the gilts over 24 h. Ovulation rates of gilts of Groups 2 and 4 were similar to that of the control group. Pregnancy rates were numerically higher in Groups 2 and 3 (92% and 96%, respectively) compared with those of Groups I and 4 (84% and 81%, respectively). Combination of eCG with Re administration at 104 h (Group 3) increased ovulation rate (+4 CL) but decreased embryo survival to 62% at Day 30. The weaned sow experiment involved 61 sows of a range of parities (2.7 +/- 0.9), allocated to two control groups (Control 104 group and Control 94 group) and two treated groups (Re 104 group and Rc94 group), which received 10 mu g Re at 104 and 94 h after weaning, respectively. The females were inseminated at detected estrus. All pregnant sows farrowed. After treatment with Re 94 h after weaning, 100% of sows ovulated over a 24-h time window versus only 68.7% of controls. Farrowing rate and litter size of the sows treated with Re at that time were unaffected compared with that of control sows. In contrast, Re administration at 104 h after weaning may have been too late; only 66.7% of the treated sows ovulated during a 24-h period. This proportion was numerically lower but not significantly different than that for control sows. Farrowing rate and litter size of treated sows were not significantly different than that of controls. Administration of Rc at the dose and times selected in this study tightened synchrony of ovulation in gilts and in sows after weaning. It remains to be established if such a synchrony is suitable to obtain good fertility after a single artificial insemination at a predetermined time.

Published
2010
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27. Trophic and immunoregulatory properties of neural precursor cells: benefit for intracerebral transplantation

Author

Anne-Sophie Dugast, Philippe Naveilhan, Ignacio Anegon, Isabelle Neveu, Eric Venturi, Virginie Bonnamain, Bernard Vanhove, Philippe Brachet, Delphine Michel-Monigadon, Véronique Nerrière-Daguin, Xavier Lévêque, Martine Plat, UMR643, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1297 Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Cell Transplantation, Swine, medicine.medical_treatment, T-Lymphocytes, axonal growth, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Stem Cells, Mesencephalon, xenotransplantation, t cells, 0303 health sciences, immunosuppression, differentiation, Flow Cytometry, Neural stem cell, 3. Good health, neutrophic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cytokines, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Stem cell, rejection, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, T cell, Xenotransplantation, Transplantation, Heterologous, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Developmental Neuroscience, Neuroblast, Precursor cell, medicine, Animals, Oxidopamine, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, transplantation intracérébrale, brain repair, Embryo, Mammalian, Rats, Transplantation, Disease Models, Animal, Rats, Inbred Lew, Immunology, parkinson's disease, Cancer research, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Intracerebral xenotransplantation of porcine fetal neuroblasts (pNB) is considered as an alternative to human neuroblasts for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, pNB are systematically rejected, even in an immunoprivileged site such as the brain. Within this context, neural stem/precursor cells (NSPC), which were suggested as exhibiting low immunogenicity, appeared as a useful source of xenogeneic cells. To determine the advantage of using porcine NSPC (pNSPC) in xenotransplantation, pNB and pNSPC were grafted into the striatum of rats without immunosuppression. At day 63, all the pNB were rejected while 40% of the rats transplanted with pNSPC exhibited large and healthy grafts with numerous pNF70-positive cells. The absence of inflammation at day 63 and the occasional presence of T cells in pNSPC grafts evoked a weak host immune response which might be partly due to the immunosuppressive properties of the transplanted cells. T cell proliferation assays confirmed such a hypothesis by revealing an inhibitory effect of pNSPC on T cells through a soluble factor. In addition to their immunosuppressive effect, in contrast to pNB, very few pNSPC differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons but the cells triggered an intense innervation of the striatum by rat dopaminergic fibers coming from the substantia nigra. Further experiments will be required to optimize the use of pNSPC in regenerative medicine but here we show that their immunomodulatory and trophic activities might be of great interest for restorative strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Interaction between repair, disease, & inflammation."

Published
2009
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28. Amélioration du taux de fécondation équine en présence de cellules d'oviducte porcin stimulées ou non par des hormones (estradiol ou LH)

Author

Sylvie Mugnier, Morgane Kervella, Cécile Douet, Jean-Marie Yvon, Eric Venturi, Guy Duchamp, Michèle Magistrini, Ghylène Goudet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], LH, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], OVIDUCTE, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ESTRADIOL, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2009

29. Meiotic and developmental competence of prepubertal and adult swine oocytes

Author

Eric Venturi, Réjane Marchal, Christine Perreau, M. Terqui, Jean M. Feugang, Pascal Mermillod, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stimulation, Fertilization in Vitro, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Biology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human fertilization, Food Animals, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, FSH, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Blastocyst, Sexual Maturation, Small Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Epidermal Growth Factor, Equine, Age Factors, Embryo, Oocyte, Polyspermy, Embryo Transfer, Embryo transfer, Follicular Fluid, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Meiosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Oocytes, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Abstract

The present study was conducted to compare meiotic and cytoplasmic competence of prepubertal and adult porcine oocytes, and the effects of EGF (0 to 100 ng/mL), FSH (0 to 400 ng/mL) and prepubertal pFF (0 to 10%) on nuclear maturation. Prepubertal oocytes were less responsive to FSH and pFF than were adult oocytes in terms of stimulation of nuclear maturation. The best nuclear maturation rates for prepubertal oocytes were obtained with 10 ng/mL EGF and 400 ng/mL FSH, whereas for adult oocytes no additional effect of EGF was seen in the presence of 400 ng/mL FSH. Supplementation with pFF had no additional effect on MII yield over that obtained with EGF plus FSH. After maturation in the presence of EGF, FSH and cysteamine, fertilization rates were not different between adult and prepubertal oocytes, but polyspermy was more frequent in prepubertal oocytes (31 +/- 17% vs. 17 +/- 7% in prepubertal and adult oocytes, respectively, P < 0.05). The addition of pFF to maturation medium decreased oocyte fertilization of adult oocytes and polyspermic fertilization in prepubertal oocytes. Blastocyst yield and developmental competence were significantly reduced in prepubertal oocytes compared to adult oocytes. The mean cell numbers in blastocysts cultured for 7 days ranged from 61 to 74, and did not differ among groups. Finally, the viability of the 2- to 4-cell embryos and blastocysts produced was assessed by embryo transfer experiments. One offspring was obtained after transfer of 2- to 4-cell embryos, and one after transfer of in vitro-produced blastocysts. In conclusion, although prepubertal gilt oocytes appeared less meiotically and developmentally competent than their adult counterparts, they can be used to produce blastocysts able to develop to term.

Published
2001

30. Transgenic expression of CTLA4-Ig by fetal pig neurons for xenotransplantation.

Author

Caroline Martin, Martine Plat, Véronique Nerrière-Daguin, Flora Coulon, Svetlana Uzbekova, Eric Venturi, Françoise Condé, Jean-Michel Hermel, Philippe Hantraye, Laurent Tesson, Ignacio Anegon, Benoit Melchior, Marc Peschanski, Brigitte Le Mauff, Françoise Boeffard, Solène Sergent-Tanguy, Isabelle Neveu, Philippe Naveilhan, Jean-Paul Soulillou, and Michel Terqui

Abstract

Abstract The transplantation of fetal porcine neurons is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human neurodegenerative disorders. A major obstacle to xenotransplantation, however, is the immune-mediated rejection that is resistant to conventional immunosuppression. To determine whether genetically modified donor pig neurons could be used to deliver immunosuppressive proteins locally in the brain, transgenic pigs were developed that express the human T cell inhibitory molecule hCTLA4-Ig under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter. Expression was found in various areas of the brain of transgenic pigs, including the mesencephalon, hippocampus and cortex. Neurons from 28-day old embryos secreted hCTLA4-Ig in vitro and this resulted in a 50% reduction of the proliferative response of human T lymphocytes in xenogenic proliferation assays. Transgenic embryonic neurons also secreted hCTLA4-Ig and had developed normally in vivo several weeks after transplantation into the striatum of immunosuppressed rats that were used here to study the engraftment in the absence of immunity. In conclusion, these data show that neurons from our transgenic pigs express hCTLA4-Ig in situ and support the use of this material in future pre-clinical trials in neuron xenotransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

31. Effect of different levels of feed restriction and fish oil fatty acid supplementation on fat deposition by using different techniques, plasma levels and mRNA expression of several adipokines in broiler breeder hens.

Author

Namya Mellouk, Christelle Ramé, Maxime Marchand, Christophe Staub, Jean-Luc Touzé, Éric Venturi, Frédéric Mercerand, Angélique Travel, Pascal Chartrin, François Lecompte, Linlin Ma, Pascal Froment, and Joëlle Dupont

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Reproductive hens are subjected to a restricted diet to limit the decline in fertility associated with change in body mass. However, endocrine and tissue responses to diet restriction need to be documented.We evaluated the effect of different levels of feed restriction, with or without fish oil supplementation, on metabolic parameters and adipokine levels in plasma and metabolic tissues of reproductive hens.We designed an in vivo protocol involving 4 groups of hens; RNS: restricted (Rt) unsupplemented, ANS: ad libitum (Ad, receiving an amount of feed 1.7 times greater than animals on the restricted diet) unsupplemented, RS: Rt supplemented, and AS: Ad supplemented. The fish oil supplement was used at 1% of the total diet composition.Hens fed with the Rt diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) lower growth than Ad hens, while the fish oil supplementation had no effect on these parameters. Furthermore, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the fat ultrasonographic examinations produced similar results to the other methods that required animals to be killed (carcass analysis and weight of adipose tissue). In addition, the Rt diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and ADIPOQ, and fish oil supplementation decreased plasma levels of RARRES2. We also showed a positive correlation between insulin values and ADIPOQ or NAMPT or RARRES2 values, and a negative correlation of fat percentage to RARRES2 values. Moreover, the effects of the Rt diet and fish oil supplementation on the mRNA expression depended on the factors tested and the hen age.Rt diet and fish oil supplementation are able to modulate metabolic parameters and the expression of adipokines and their receptors in metabolic tissue.

Published
2018
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32. Rôle des cellules d'oviducte dans la fécondation équine et identification des protéines impliquées

Author

Barbara Ambruosi, Sylvie Mugnier, Cécile Douet, Géraldine Pascal, Guy Duchamp, Eric Venturi, Ghylène Goudet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE). Labo/service de l'auteur, Le Pin, FRA., ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ovocyte, spermatozoïde, fécondation, oviducte
Abstract

National audience

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