Search

Concussions are an important issue facing the short- and long-term health of athletes. News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of concussions. However, such coverage often provides inaccurate information, disinformation, and/or trivializes concussions. To address the problem, the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) provides workshops to teach journalists to responsibly report about concussions during live and post-competition coverage. Spearheaded by journalism instructors, the present study tested the effectiveness of the workshops through an experiment with 90 college journalism students. Students who completed the training showed improvement in scores on a "concussion in sport" literacy exam. They also performed better on the examination than students in a control condition. Results suggest the training is effective and could be standardized for those studying to work in the field of sports journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major marker of aging, and alterations in the structure or content of cardiolipin (CL), a phospholipid unique to mitochondria, are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased physical performance. Exercise induces upregulation of CL levels and improves physical fitness, however, current studies reported in the literature addressing the effects of exercise interventions on cardiolipin biosynthesis are inconsistent, and the improved outcomes of different intervention protocols and cycles are controversial. Therefore, a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis were performed in this study to evaluate the effect of exercise training on CL biosynthesis. A literature search based on electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORT Discus, and EBSCO host) was performed and the final literature was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and meta-analysis was performed, and Stata 17.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 1037 articles were screened, of which 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the fixed-effects meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly promoted CL biosynthesis compared to pre-intervention (SMD:0.62, 95%CI: 0.30–0.94). In subgroup analysis, the duration of exercise < 16 weeks (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.09–1.25) and ≥ 16 weeks (SMD: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.21–0.98), single exercise intervention (SMD: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.30–1.08) and combined exercise and calorie restriction intervention (SMD: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.16–1.33) all had significant promoting effects on CL biosynthesis. The findings of this study indicate that exercise training can significantly increases human skeletal muscle CL levels regardless of the duration of exercise or the type of exercise intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Driving with reindeer is an old tradition in northern Fennoscandia that became almost extinct in the last century but that has increased in the past few decades along with tourism. This study investigates the current use of draught reindeer in Lapland, identifies changes since the mid-1900s, and explores the human-reindeer relationship related to this practice, including draught training. We conducted interviews and participatory research with 15 reindeer herders who trained draught reindeer for tourism and competitive racing in northern Finland. Reindeer training today follows similar steps to those followed in the last century, but today the draught training starts earlier, with calves in their first autumn, and takes longer, usually three to four winters. The reindeer are carefully chosen, and their training and roles are more specified than in the past. Mutual trust, communication, and learning play essential roles in the establishment of human-reindeer relationships and collaboration. Herders treat reindeer as individuals and co-actors and take into account their interests and well-being. Driving practice was restarted in the 1970s because of tourism. In the early years of tourism, when draught reindeer were not available for this, racing reindeer were used for sledging; this contributed to the revival of the practice. We conclude that draught reindeer training and use in tourism is reviving old draught-reindeer culture and passing it forward, albeit in a new form. It combines reindeer herders' traditional knowledge with modern requirements, deepens the herder-reindeer relationship, and supports reindeer herding as a livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to explore the influence of different exercise protocols on fat oxidation. Uncontrolled experimental study. For this purpose, 10 sedentary male subjects were recruited, 30 to 39 years old, with elevated body mass index (BMI). Each participant was evaluated in four separate sessions. The first session consisted in determining peak aerobic power (PAP). The following sessions participants performed three equivalent exercise protocols, consisting of each one in three bouts of 15-minute exercise separated by 5 minutes of rest in between. The constant intensity protocol included exercise periods at 55% of PAP, while the other two (increasing and decreasing intensity protocols) consisted in exercise periods at 40, 55 and 70% of PAP in an increasing or decreasing order respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in total caloric expenditure among the three protocols (range: 5.9 ± 0.2 to 6.1 ± 0.2 kcal·kg−1). DIP causes a progressive increase in fat oxidation comparative to IIP and CIP protocols (P < 0.01). In period third of the protocols, DIP oxidized significantly more fat than the other two. The perception of effort was significantly lower in the DIP compared to the other two protocols (P < 0.01). Fat oxidation in exercises at intervals of different intensity depends on the order of these periods, being greater when performed decreasingly, as well as the perception of effort, being more useful for sedentary subjects with high BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Circus: Arts, Life & Sciences is the property of Michigan Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zur Dokumentation wurden vom Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID) in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (DGD) von 1974 bis 1991 angeboten. Themen waren u. a. die dokumentarische Methodik, Arbeitsabläufe, Dienstleistungsangebote, Produkte und neuesten Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sowie der Umgang mit den dadurch ausgelösten Veränderungen ggf. auch aus Leitungsperspektive. Die Strukturen, Entwicklungsphasen, Themenschwerpunkte, Kooperationen – insbesondere mit Partnereinrichtungen aus der Mediendokumentation, aber auch mit regionalen Organisationen von Informationsspezialist*innen innerhalb und außerhalb der DGD – und der Stellenwert der LID-Fortbildung im Rahmen der Qualifizierungsangebote der DGD werden in diesem Beitrag beschrieben und analysiert. Training courses on documentation were offered by the Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID) in the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (German Society for Documentation, DGD) from 1974 to 1991. Topics included documentary methodology, work processes, service offerings, products and the latest information and communication technologies, as well as dealing with change caused by these developments, if necessary also from a management perspective. The structures, development phases, main topics, cooperations – especially with partners from media documentation, but also with regional organizations of information specialists within and outside the DGD – and the significance of LID training within the framework of the DGD's qualification lines are described and analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espiga is the property of Revista Espiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of caffeine on mean speed, rate of perceived effort and lactate concentration of swimmers who underwent traditional, high-intensity intermittent aerobic training sessions. In this double-blind study, capsules containing either caffeine (6 mg kg−1) or placebo, were administered randomly over 2 sessions to ten male swimmers (18.2 ± 1.7 years). One hour after ingestion, the male swimmers swam ten iterations of 400 meters at heavy domain intensity, each one separated by 60 seconds of passive rest. The swimmers' ratio perceived exertion and blood lactate levels were tested before the beginning of the test, and after the fifth and tenth iteration. The swimmers' mean speed was higher in caffeine treatment than placebo (P < 0.001). Additionally, exertion levels were lower after the fifth iteration in caffeine group compared to placebo (P < 0.001). The level of lactate was lower after the fifth and tenth iteration with caffeine ingestion compared to placebo (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the caffeine increased the speed and decreased the perceptual and lactacidemic responses during a traditional, high-intensity intermittent aerobic training session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Démarrer une activité physique et sportive (APS) régulière selon les recommandations de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé ou, à l'autre extrémité du spectre de l'APS, être un athlète très entraîné, voire de haut niveau, ne modifie pas les concentrations hormonales basales, mesurées au repos, à distance de la dernière session d'APS. Chez les sujets âgés (60-80 ans), certaines hormones (testostérone, S-DHEA) peuvent être augmentées avec l'entraînement mais leurs valeurs restent dans les limites physiologiques. C'est pourquoi un sujet entraîné, voire très entraîné, présente un profil hormonal normal. Les valeurs hormonales anormales ont a priori une valeur pathologique et nécessitent d'être explicitées. Starting a regular physical and sports activity (PSA) according to the World Health Organization's recommendations or at the other end of the PSA spectrum, being a highly trained or even high-level athlete does not change basal hormonal concentrations, measured at rest, at distance from the last PSA session. In older subjects (60-80 years) some hormones (testosterone, S-DHEA) can be increased with training but their values remain within physiological limits. This is why a trained or a highly trained subject has a normal hormonal profile. Abnormal hormonal values have a priori a pathological value and need to be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-section study evaluated physical fitness, heart rate variability (HRV) and, left ventricle (LV) morphology and function in pole dance (PD) athletes. Control group (CG) was composed of 16 untrained women and the PD group (PG) was composed of 15 professional women. Physical fitness, echocardiographic, HRV and parameters were assessed. A better physical performance was found in the PG compared to CG group, with significant differences for tests: handgrip strength test -left hand (P < 0.05) and right hand (P < 0.01), push-up (P < 0.001), curl-up (P < 0.001), and sit and reach (P < 0.001). Systolic function of LV did not differ statistically between CG and PG. The LV relative wall thickness was significantly high (P < 0.05, mean difference: 0.04) and the isovolumic relaxation time was significantly lower (P < 0.01, mean difference: −27 ms) in the PG. The HRV indices did not differ statistically between the groups. The PD athletes have higher physical fitness without changes in HRV makers. Moreover, PD athletes had LV remodeling with an improved LV relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of endurance training at low to moderate intensities targeted at the level of maximal lipid oxidation (LIPOXmax) is confirmed by recent international work. It may seem paradoxical, given the low level of caloric expenditure involved. One of the explanations for this paradox is that LIPOXmax training has epigenetic effects and regulatory effects on eating behavior. Indeed, exercise at this level favors satiety and reduces the urge to snack, whereas at higher intensity, in the lipid oxidation zone, 30 to 60 minutes of endurance exercise favors food intake and may determine a paradoxical weight gain. In our previously published database of 3739 calorimetries we have recalculated the kinetics of the lipid/carbohydrate oxidation ratio and we observe that it peaks on average 12% below LIPOXmax (39.45% ± 0.20% vs. 44.87% ± 0.23% VO2max; P < 0.0001) at a level we propose to call "optimal level of fat/carbohydrate oxidation ratio" (OLORFOX) and that this level may present in many cases wide inter-individual variations, so that there are profiles of subjects in whom it is frankly disjointed from that of LIPOXmax. A preliminary series of 11 patients with this profile who were trained at OLORFOX confirms that this approach over 3 years is effective for weight loss (−11.5 ± 1.5% of initial weight P < 0.001), even though this level is set below the LIPOXmax which is itself located at a low to moderate intensity. These preliminary data lead us to study more widely this type of targeting of training in overweight individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the duration and the quality of sleep, as well as daytime sleepiness, among different levels of Arab athletes (i.e., amateur, elite) and to compare sleep quality and duration and daytime sleepiness in athletes and sedentary individuals. A total of 409 participants, characterized as elite athletes (n = 78), amateur athletes (n = 231), and sedentary individuals (n = 100), participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, for the evaluation of sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), for the assessment of daytime sleepiness. The total PSQI score was significantly higher in sedentary (total PSQI score = 5.74 ± 2.5) vs. amateur (total PSQI score = 5 ± 2.3) (P < 0.001) and elite athletes (total PSQI score = 4.73 ± 2.3) (P < 0.01), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between elite and amateur athletes (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between levels of daytime sleepiness reported in amateur athletes (ESS score = 9.6 ± 4.3), elite athletes (ESS score = 10 ± 3.8), and sedentary individuals (ESS score = 10.4 ± 2.4). Athletes experienced a better sleep quality compared to sedentary individuals. However, some athletes can suffer from poor sleep quality, suggesting an urgent need for the implementation of sleep hygiene education. Levels of daytime sleepiness, comparable in athletes and sedentary individuals, indicate higher normal daytime sleepiness. Thus, daily naps could be useful to prevent excessive daytime sleepiness, but future studies on this topic, efficacy, and practicality are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of the delegation of authority and training on psychological empowerment of the employees. The study was conducted on ninety-eight persons. A questionnaire was used to collect data which were subsequently analyzed statistically by SPSS. The results show that delegation of authority and training both affect the autonomy of the employees. Nevertheless, training affects more than delegation of authority. Besides, the results indicate the need to grant more empowerment to employees regarding their work and show the necessity of diversifying training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans cette revue de question, les auteurs réalisent un état des lieux des connaissances relatives à l'activité en match et des caractéristiques des joueurs et joueuses de haut niveau, ainsi qu'à la traumatologie et à la prévention des blessures en football. La compréhension des exigences spécifiques du football de niveau élite peut fournir des informations importantes sur les facteurs qui permettent d'être performant en compétition. En particulier, les mesures anthropométriques, les capacités physiques et physiologiques des joueurs et des joueuses sont spécifiques et diffèrent l'un de l'autre. Il a été effectué une recherche de la littérature j'usqu'à novembre 2020 sur les bases de données Medline via Pubmed, Researchgate, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus et Google Scholar, au terme de laquelle, il a été retenu 205 études en utillisant les mots clés : la performance dans le football et ses différentes variables ; les méthodes de suivi de la charge en match ; l'analyse de la charge en match ; les caractéristiques physiques et physiologiques des joueurs et des joueuses élites ; les blessures et la prévention des blessures. La prise en compte des différents éléments de cette revue permettra aux staffs des équipes de football d'appréhender l'entraînement et la compétition dans un but de performance et de prévention. In this review the authors achieve a state of knowledge related to the match activity, the characteristics of elite men and women players, as well as trauma and injury prevention in soccer. Comprehension the specific requirements of elite level soccer can provide important information about the factors that enable competitive performance. In particular, anthropometric measurements, physical and physiological capacities of men and women players are specific and differ from each other. A literature review was carried out from inception to November 2020 on databases of Medline via Pubmed, Researchgate, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, at the end of which, 205 studies were identified using the key terms: performance in football and its different variables; the workload monitoring in matches; the workload analysis in matches; the physical and physiological characteristics of men and women elite players; injury and injury prevention. Considering the different elements of this review will allow staff to understand training and competition with the aim of performance and injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To identify sprint performance determinants in young athletes in the field in both sexes. Two hundred and fourteen track and field athletes, ages between 13 and 15 years old, were divided into validation group (VG) (n = 163) and cross-validation group (CVG) (n = 51). The participants were submitted to biological maturity evaluation, anthropometry, vertical jump, 60-m sprint, and running anaerobic sprint test (RAST). The multiple regression analysis selected the variables leg length, vertical jump, RAST total time (RASTtt) and fatigue index for both groups, determined 95.5% and 76.9% of sprint performance on boys and girls, respectively. To confirm our results, we performed a cross-validation on the linear regression, which showed that the measured and predicted sprint performances in CVG were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In addition, the study demonstrated that biological maturity is associated with all variables of the model (P < 0.05). The variables leg length, vertical jump, RASTtt and fatigue index explain in different proportions sprint performance in young boys and girls athletes. In addition, this study add to knowledge of researchers and coachers, indicating which variables should be part of the training program of young athletes sprint runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport and sleep are linked: practising sport favours good sleep, and sufficient sleep favours performance. Sleep deprivation increases the risk of injury and slows recovery from injury., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

To provide basis for effective exercise intervention for young obese women through comparative study of three types of exercise intervention effects, namely, maximum fat oxidation intensity continuous aerobic training (FATmax AT), high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT), on body composition in different intervention durations. Fifty-four eligible young obese women (BF% > 30%) aged 22.14 ± 1.32 years old were randomized to FATmax AT, HIIT or RT group. They respectively completed continuous aerobic, high intensity intermittent or anti-resistance exercise 3 sessions per week (45 min per session) for 12 weeks. Body fat rate (BF%), body fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass (MM) were measured at pre-mid- and post-intervention. (1) Significant interactions of group × time on BF% (F = 18.35, P = 0.00), FM (F = 13.96, P = 0.00), FFM (F = 21.55, P = 0.00) and MM (F = 8.17, P = 0.00) were found, but there is no main effect in either group or time factors. (2) BF% and FM of the participants in FATmax AT, HIIT and RT group decreased significantly when compared to pre-exercise session (P < 0.05), with a greater decrease in HIIT group than those in FATmax AT group and RT group (HIIT: − 40.18% and − 44.97% vs. FATmax: − 24.59% and − 28.09% vs. RT: − 22.84% and − 29.32%, all P < 0.05). (3) FFM and MM of participants in FATmax AT group and HIIT group and MM of RT group increased continuously and significantly after 12-week exercise. FFM with a greater increase in HIIT group and FATmax AT group than that in RT group (HIIT: 8.49% and FATmax AT: 5.67% vs. RT: − 0.04 both P < 0.05), and MM with a greater increase in RT group than those in HIIT group and FATmax AT group (RT: 27.14% vs. HIIT:23.15% and FATmax AT: 24.26%, both P < 0.05). At the end of the 6th weeks, FFM of HIIT group increased significantly more than that of RT group (4.97% vs. 3.37%, P < 0.05), and MM of FATmax group and RT group increased significantly more than that of HIIT group (FATmax AT: 19.93% and RT: 19.57% vs. HIIT: 12.95%, both P < 0.05). Generally speaking, the change rate in duration of 7–12 week was less than that in 0-6 week. This study shows that 12 weeks of exercise training (3 × 45 min/wk) are an efficient weight-reducing procedure, either with FATmax AT, HIIT or RT. Not surprisingly, the heavier protocol (45 min HIIT) induces a slightly greater reduction in BF% and increases FFM, while RT is most helpful in the increase of MM. Therefore, HIIT can be selected for people who can endure high-intensity exercise and are in urgent need of fat loss. However, since the three protocols are not matched for energy expenditure, no general conclusion about the superiority of one protocol over another can be given. A further study investigating this comparison with matched levels of energy expenditure will help to elucidate this question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the study is to monitor blood glucose concentration throughout the training session. We selected a sample of six healthy swimmers who were trained in an acceptable size. We followed the experimental method. We also used a measuring device (Blood Glucose Meter) in three phases: Before the effort, after heating, and after the high effort, we found that there were differences between the three measurements, but did not reach the level of statistical significance except between the cases of taking at rest and when making effort, whatever the Intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reasons why North African women's football teams do not progress to the final phases of world cup competitions may be related to anthropometry and physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of young elite Tunisian female players with age-specific international standards. Twenty-four elite female players from the Tunisian national under 17 team (U17; 16.5 ± 0.4 y) participated in this study. Players were tested for anthropometry (body mass, body composition), football-specific cardiorespiratory endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; YYIRT1), power (countermovement jump, CMJ; squat-jump, SqJ; five-jump-test, 5JT), agility (t -test with and without ball), soccer skill (Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, LSPT) and speed (30 m sprint with 5 and 10 m splits). The results show that body mass and body fat percentage of Tunisian U17 elite female soccer players are higher than international standards and that endurance qualities and agility performances are similar to international data for the same age. However, in terms of strength and speed, performances of Tunisian female players are low or even very low compared with international standards. Consequently, physical training programmes of Tunisian female soccer should focus on increasing strength and speed fitness to be ready for international soccer competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale is the property of Parresia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SSEM-Journal is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to analyse changes in selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and parameters of iron metabolism, observed after an intense ergometric test conducted during two different phases of a yearly training cycle. The study included a group of elite rowers (n = 15). During each of the analysed training phases, the athletes were subjected to a 2000-m ergometric exercise test. Irrespective of the training phase, similar levels of IL-6, hepcidin and sTfR were found in blood samples collected immediately after the ergometric tests. In contrast, post-exercise levels of Fe, TNF-α and CK were significantly higher in material collected after the test conducted during the competitive phase of a yearly training cycle. This study of elite rowers showed that physical exercise may stimulate changes in the pro-inflammatory profile of blood serum, via the influence on TNF-α levels. This effect is modulated by a number of training-related factors that acted prior to the ergometric test, such as exercise frequency and intensity. Therefore, post-training adaptation to physical exercise is not always sufficient, which may result in the impairment of the immune response and thus negatively affect iron metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the potential benefits of both intermittent and continuous training programs in improving cardiovascular parameters and decreased decline in lung function among cigarette or hookah smokers. Methods Fifteen cigarette smokers (CS), 14 hookah smokers (HS), and 14 non-smokers (NS) participated in the low-intensity continuous training (LCT). Eleven CS, 12 HS, and 12 NS participated in the moderate-intensity intermittent training (MIT). The LCT groups performed a 20 to 30-minute continuous exercise at 40% of the VO 2 max. The MIT groups performed 6 to 10 sets of 2-minute sprint at 70% of the VO 2 max interspersed by a 1-min recovery period. Before and after 12 weeks of training, lung function and cardiovascular capacity parameters were determined using respectively spirometry and maximal treadmill exercise test. Results The LCT and the MIT programs induced significant increases in the velocity at maximum oxygen uptake v V ˙ O 2 max for NS and CS participants. Similarly, the VO 2 max improvement was significant for CS and HS groups who participated in the LCT program (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and for NS and CS groups that had undergone the MIT (P < 0.05). The decrease in rest HR, systolic BP and diastolic BP were also significant after the MIT and LCT protocol. In contrast, there was no difference between the effects of continuous and intermittent training programs on lung function. Conclusion In conclusion, both LCT and MIT programs improve cardiovascular capacity and reduce lung function decline in both cigarette and hookah smokers. These both training programs could have important implications in prevention and defense programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to intensive physical training, and the pressure exerted by coaches, parents and the athlete him/herself during pre-competitive and competitive periods, a large number of high-level sporting activities can trigger or participate in anorexia nervosa. That said, some of these activities are more likely than others to promote this eating disorder. It is worth highlighting the sports most at risk for the onset or development of anorexia nervosa, and then addressing the means of prevention and regulation adapted to these circumstances., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Summary Objective This study aimed to monitor longitudinal changes in performance and aerobic adaptations as well as ferritin (Fer) and additional markers pertaining to iron status in an iron deficient female runner. Methods Over 26 months, a venous blood sample was taken every 3 months, lactate profiling and VO 2max tests were conducted every 5–6 months. Running performance was recorded during 5 km timed runs (Parkrun). The intervention consisted of iron supplementation, increases in dietary iron intake and implementing a structured approach to training. Results Fer values increased from 4 to 40 μg.L−1 during the period of investigation. Running times improved from 28:02 (m:s) to 23:15. Hemoglobin increased from 9.8 g.dL−1 to 13.7 g.dL−1. Hematocrit ranged from 31.8 to 37.9%, peaking at 40.4%. Mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin increased from 70 fl to 89 fl and 21.5 pg to 30.1 pg, respectively. VO 2max improved from 47.40 to 55.79 mLO 2.kg.min−1. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that iron supplementation, increase in dietary iron intake and structured training induced improvements in: (i) Fer and other markers of iron status, (ii) running performance and (iii) VO 2max of an iron deficient female club runner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Examiner les effets de l'entraînement aérobie ou anaérobie sur la plasticité neuronale spinale par le biais du réflexe de Hoffmann (H) et l'onde motrice M. Cette étude se propose de discuter l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces réponses réflexes pourront être utilisées pour estimer l'excitabilité des motoneurones et la transmission synaptique spinale. Méthodes Quatre groupes de 14 sportifs chacun (sprinteurs, athlètes demi-fond, footballeurs et nageurs) ont accepté au début de la saison sportive de mesurer au niveau du soléaire la puissance et l'explosivité en saut sur tapis de Bosco, la force maximale par haltères et les réflexes H et M par électromyographie. Après 10 mois d'entraînement, les mêmes variables n'ont été mesurés que chez les deux groupes d'athlètes (sprinteurs, athlètes de demi-fond). Résultats La comparaison des moyennes par Anova a montré que les différences intergroupes sont toutes statiquement significatives (p < 0,05) pour l'amplitude maximale du réflexe H. Les moyennes de cette variable ont diminué significativement (p < 0,05) chez les sprinteurs et augmenté significativement (p < 0,05) chez les athlètes de demi-fond. De plus, les corrélations bilatérales entre les paramètres physiques et électromyographiques se sont révélées toutes significatives (p < 0,01) sauf pour Mmax. Toutefois, les comparaisons filles/garçons n'ont révélé aucune différence significative. Conclusion Ces résultats suggèrent l'existence d'une adaptation synaptique au niveau spinal permettant d'expliquer le sens de l'évolution du réflexe H induit par le type d'activité physique pratiquée (aérobie ou anaérobie). Summary Aims To examine the effects of aerobic or anaerobic training on spinal neuronal plasticity using the Hoffmann reflex (H) and the M motor wave. This study proposes to discuss the hypothesis that these reflex responses can be used to estimate motor neuron excitability and spinal synaptic transmission. Methods Four groups of 14 athletes each (sprinters, middle-distance athletes, footballers and swimmers) have accepted at the beginning of the sporting season to measure the power and explosiveness of Bosco's carpet jump at the level of the soleus. by dumbbells and H and M reflexes by electromyography. After 10 months of training, the same variables were measured in both groups of athletes. Results The comparison of Anova averages showed that the intergroup differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the maximum amplitude of the H reflex and that the means of this variable decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the sprinters and increased significantly (P < 0.05) in middle-distance athletes. In addition, the bilateral correlations between physical and electromyographic parameters were all significant (P < 0.01) except for Mmax. However, comparisons between girls and boys did not reveal any significant results. Conclusion These results suggest the existence of synaptic adaptation at the spinal level to explain the direction of the H-reflex evolution induced by the type of physical activity practiced (aerobic or anaerobic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Aims In the present study, we aimed to determine the muscles that mostly respond to the push-start of the sled. Methods Seven male Korea Winter Olympics elite athletes form the two-man bobsleigh team. Performance was assessed using push-start time. Electromyogram (EMG) activity of the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles was recorded during the push-start phases. Results The paired t -test showed that right and left GM activity (P < 0.001) was significantly higher in top-ranked athletes than ordinary athletes. However, no significant difference in EMG activities of the RF, TA, and BF was observed, but there was a trend toward higher BF (left) activity (P = 0.066) in top-ranked athletes. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the left (multiple r2 = 0.081; P < 0.01) and right BF (multiple r2 = 0.078; P < 0.01) were a significant and powerful predictor that accounted for 8.1% and 7.8% of the variance in start time, respectively. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that BF muscle activity may represent an effective push-start time to reduce race time in bobsleigh athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Introduction Irisin myokine whose secretion is induced by exercise is associated with an increase in thermogenesis. However, the effect of acute and chronic exercise on the production and release of irisin in overweight individuals is controversial. Objective To evaluate whether acute and chronic exercise affects irisin concentrations in overweight individuals. Methods The Medline/PubMed and Science Direct databases were used. The data search included clinical trials with humans that assessed the effect of acute or chronic exercise on irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals. The search terms used were: “irisin” AND “exercise” OR “acute exercise” OR chronic exercise “OR” endurance exercise “OR” aerobic exercise “OR” strength exercise “OR” resistance exercise “OR” obesity”. Results Nine articles performed in healthy and diabetic subjects were found. The irisin concentrations in individuals with excess weight increased with acute exercise and remained the same with chronic exercise. The maximum concentration of irisin occurred between 1 and 2 hours after the exercise was completed. The protocols of resistance and high-intensity training were more effective. Conclusion The increase in irisin concentrations after exercise is transient. Further research is needed to assess whether this change has a cumulative effect and actually acts on thermogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Actualités La chirurgie bariatrique a pris une place importante dans le traitement de l’obésité mais son efficacité à long terme est compromise dans 20–30 % des cas par des reprises de poids. L’activité physique pourrait être une stratégie préventive et/ou curative de ces échecs secondaires. Nous présentons une revue générale des études portant sur l’activité physique après chirurgie bariatrique. Pour cela, nous avons sélectionné 11 articles ayant étudié l’effet d’un protocole d’activité physique postopératoire. De manière globale, l’activité physique a des effets positifs sur le système cardiovasculaire, le maintien de la capacité fonctionnelle et musculaire, l’insulino-sensibilité et le métabolisme des lipides. Les effets sur le poids sont un peu discordants mais les protocoles réalisés après la phase initiale de perte de poids rapide et sur une durée suffisante retrouvent perte de poids supérieure à celle qu’induit la chirurgie bariatrique seule. Cet effet renforçant celui de la chirurgie sur la perte de poids est observé avec l’activité en endurance à faible intensité et notamment celle qui est ciblée au LIPOXmax, et n’est pas retrouvée avec l’endurance à plus haute intensité ou la résistance. Conclusion En résumé, l’ensemble des articles présentés montrent des effets bénéfiques sur les comorbidités et complications de l’obésité. Cependant, les protocoles d’entraînement sont hétérogènes entre les études. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires afin de mieux préciser les stratégies les plus adaptées. Summary News Bariatric surgery has taken a large place in the modern treatment of obesity but its long-term effectiveness is compromised in 20–30% of cases by weight regain. Physical activity could be a preventive and/or curative strategy for these secondary failures. We present a general review of physical activity studies after bariatric surgery. For this purpose, we selected 11 articles that studied the effect of a postoperative physical activity protocol. Globally, physical activity has positive effects on the cardiovascular system, maintenance of functional and muscular capacity, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. The effects on weight are somewhat discordant but the protocols carried out after the initial phase of rapid weight loss and for a sufficient length of time find more weight loss than that induced bariatric surgery alone. This effect reinforcing that of surgery on weight loss is observed with low intensity endurance activity and especially exercise training targeted at the LIPOXmax, while is not clearly evidenced with protocols using higher intensity endurance or resistance training. Conclusion in summary, all the articles analyzed here show beneficial effects on comorbidities and complications of obesity. However, training protocols are heterogeneous. Further studies are needed to better define the most appropriate exercise strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Depuis les années 2000, la nutrition du sport évolue en même temps que les progrès rapides en biologie et physiologie de l’exercice. Les investigations au niveau cellulaire ont permis de mieux cerner le lien entre la nutrition, l’entraînement et les adaptations subséquentes. Mieux, les stratégies des meilleurs sportifs pourraient bien devenir des outils thérapeutiques efficaces dans certaines pathologies. La périodisation nutritionnelle vise à amplifier les effets de l’entraînement physique. Summary Since the 2000s, sports nutrition has been developing in line with the rapid progress made in sports biology and physiology. Cell research has helped to identify more accurately the link between nutrition, training and subsequent adaptations. In addition, top athletes’ strategies could become effective treatment tools in certain pathologies. Nutrition periodisation aims to amplify the effects of physical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]