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Crohn's disease and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intake are frequent causes of inflammatory small bowel lesions. Unusual findings include ulcerative jejunoileitis, infections, radiation enteritis, and others. Endoscopic findings comprise ulcers, villous atrophy, lymphangiectasia, and erythema. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited polyposis disorder where diffuse characteristic gastrointestinal polyps, mainly involving the small bowel, coexist with mucocutaneous pigmentation. Until the advent of balloon-assisted enteroscopy, intraoperative enteroscopy and surgical treatment were the sole treatment options for patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Balloon-assisted enteroscopy, allowing direct visualization of the small bowel and therapeutic maneuvres, paved the way for nonsurgical small bowel therapy. In the context of patients diagnosed with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, balloon-assisted enteroscopy with polypectomy allows prevention of polyp-related complications such as intussusception/obstruction or bleeding and reduces the need for future operative polypectomies and either elective or emergent laparotomies, thus avoiding the risk of multiple enterotomies or small bowel resections leading to short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, clearance of small bowel polyps could potentially decrease malignancy risk, although low, by removal of precursor lesions. Here different small bowel polypectomy techniques are described in a patient affected by Peutz–Jeghers syndrome presenting with multiple jejunal polyps detected at prior videocapsule endoscopy surveillance. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Altered digestive anatomy creates unique challenges in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograghy (ERCP). The type of previous surgery acts as a guide for endoscope selection and technical approach. Endoscopic therapy is preferred to percutaneous radiologic technique as it is minimally invasive and less morbid. In this article, the authors present a series of selected cases demonstrating the different therapeutic aspects of ERCP in altered anatomy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Intussusception is the telescoping of proximal portion of bowel into an adjacent distal bowel. It is an infrequent cause of abdominal pain or anemia in adults. The lead point of intussusception is usually in the small intestine (enteroenteric). The author presented the case of a 45-year-old pilot with anemia and intermittent hematochezia but no abdominal pain. At double-balloon enteroscopy we found a long and twisted invagination of the jejunum. It is important to differentiate the invagination from a benign polyp because endoscopic resection of an invagination carries a high risk of perforation because the visceral serosa is part of the invaginated bowel. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

In this article, the video demonstrated is an example of a 76-year-old male patient who presented with recurrent intestinal bleeding of unknown origin at the university hospital. Previously performed upper and lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy did not reveal a bleeding lesion. Capsule endoscopy revealed small-bowel angiectasia that were treated by argon plasma coagulation at subsequent balloon enteroscopy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Sea-blue histiocytosis accompanies a variety of conditions including genetic and acquired lipid metabolic or ceroid storage disorders (such as type B Niemann–Pick disease), myelodysplastic disease, thalassemia, and secondary infections. A case of sea-blue histiocytosis is demonstrated with an involvement of the entire small bowel, probably caused by kalaazar. In the video, double-balloon endoscopy demonstrates the involvement of the small bowel. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.