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Bu araştırma, bebek dostu bir devlet hastanesinde doğum yapan annelere verilen videolu emzirme eğitiminin emzirme tutumu üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlandı. Bu araştırma, son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel modelde tasarlandı. Araştırmanın örneklemini Mart-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanede doğum yapan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 30 deney ve 30 kontrol grubu toplam 60 anne oluşturdu. Gerekli etik kurul ve kurum izinleri alındıktan sonra araştırmaya başlandı ve gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemiyle veriler toplandı. Veri toplama araçları olarak; literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Emzirme Tutumu Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanıldı. Veriler elektronik ortamda değerlendirildi. Araştırmaya katılan her iki gruptaki annelerin çoğunluğunun 20-29 yaş arasında olduğu belirlendi. Kontrol grubu annelerin %50’sinin ilköğretim mezunu olduğu, %90’ının gebelik kontrollerine gittiği, %86,7’sinin sağlık personelinden bilgi aldığı bulundu. Deney grubu annelerin ise, %53,3’ünün ilköğretim mezunu olduğu, %93,4’ünün gebelik kontrollerine gittiği, %93,4’ünün sağlık personellerinden bilgi aldığı belirlendi. Emzirme tutumu değerlendirildiğinde iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark olduğu saptandı (p=0,000). Deney grubu annelerin (X̄=129,96±23,78), kontrol grubu annelere (X̄=92,70±10,63) göre emzirme tutumu konusunda daha başarılı olduğu belirlendi. Annelere doğum sonrası verilen videolu emzirme eğitiminin annelerin emzirme tutumunu olumlu etkilediği bulundu.

Beaugrande ve Dressler’in Introduction to text linguistics (1996) adlı kitaplarında kuramsal çerçevesini belirlediği metinsellik ölçütlerinden olan “bağdaşıklık” ve “tutarlılık” birbirinden farklıdır. Bağdaşıklık, metnin yüzey yapısında çeşitli dil ögeleri aracılığıyla görülebildiği hâlde; tutarlılık, metnin derin yapısındaki mantıksal bağlantılara işaret etmektedir. Bağdaşıklık, bir metnin sözel yapısına gönderimde bulunurken; tutarlılık, bu sözel yapıda oluşturulan kavramsal ilişkilere gönderimde bulunmaktadır. Metindilbilimsel bir inceleme olan bu çalışmada; Ömer Seyfettin’in kısa hikâye kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek olan “Yüksek Ökçeler”’in tutarlılık görünümlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel bir çalışma olan incelemede, “metin analiz programı” aracılığıyla (https://nlp.istanbulc.edu.tr/metinanaliz/, Erişim tarihi: 9.9.2021) elde edilen istatistiki verilerden yararlanılmıştır. İnceleme ile, söz konusu hikâyenin tutarlılık görünümlerinde tespit edilen çeşitlilik ve derinlik, Ömer Seyfettin’in zengin kavram dünyasını yansıtması bakımından önem taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

The major disadvantages of traditional virus vaccines are time constraints in development and difficulties in large-scale production. Therefore, there is a need to develop stronger and more versatile vaccine platforms. mRNA vaccines constitute a promising alternative to traditional vaccine approaches due to their high potential, rapid development capacity, low cost production and safe administration potential. Stability and translation of mRNA are crucial for a successful RNA vaccine. It is critical to determine mRNA purity, stability, and protein yield during the translation process. Therefore, engineering the RNA sequence, such as modification of the 5' cap structure, extension of the poly (A) tail, editing nucleotide sequences in non-coding (UTR) and coding (ORF) regions, or incorporating modified nucleotides into the structure, makes synthetic mRNA more translatable. Two classes of non-replicating and self-amplifying mRNA are used as vaccines. While non-replicating mRNA only encodes protein antigens of interest, self-amplifying mRNA also encodes proteins required for RNA replication. The transfer and formulation of mRNA vaccines to cells is crucial for determining the kinetics of antigen expression, protein amount, and strength of immune response. In order to achieve this success, mRNA vaccines are given to cells in various formats such as lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides, and naked mRNA to develop the most effective transfer material. Recent technological advances have eliminated the low efficiency in in vivo transfer and translation and have made this vaccine platform widespread in preclinical and clinical trials against various infectious diseases and cancers. Over the past decade, major technological innovations have made mRNA a promising therapeutic tool in the fields of vaccine development and protein replacement therapy. Nowadays, antigens, neutralizing antibodies and proteins with immunostimulating activity have become coded by mRNA vaccines. Although many mRNA vaccines appear to be effective in preclinical and clinical studies, there are still some issues to be improved in terms of transfer efficiency, targeting to specific cell types, and the reliability of transfer devices. In this review, the latest developments and current challenges in the optimization, formulation and transfer of mRNA vaccines to cells with future development perspectives have been reviewed.

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) is a rare disease that can cause angular deformities of long bones. The common pathologic finding is a thick fibrotic band extending from epiphysis to metaphysis on one side of the bone. The tethering effect of the fibrotic band around the growth plate is thought to be the main etiology for the development and progression of the deformity. FFCD mostly affects the proximal tibia and the distal femur. The literature contains different treatment options. Here, we present the case of a 20-month-old girl with FFCD on the medial side of the distal femur causing varus deformity. Our treatment protocol included excision of the fibrotic band from the medial side and application of a two-hole plate for guided growth on the lateral side of the distal femur. Deformity correction was achieved rapidly with no complications. A literature review is also presented along with pathologic and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

This study investigated the effects of thioacetimide (TAA) on liver damage by using the extract of the Juncus inflexus subsp. inflexus (JI) plant. Six experimental groups were formed using 42 8-12-weeks Sprague dawley male rats, with seven experimental animals per group. Two doses of normal saline (SF) (i.p) were administered within 120 minutes to each control group. 250 mg/kg single dose of TAA (i.p) was administered 120 minutes after administration of SF in the TAA group. 50 mg/kg single dose of JI extract (i.g) was administered 120 minutes after SF administration to the JI group. TAA+JI group was given 50 mg/kg JI extract 120 minutes after 250 mg/kg TAA was administered. 250 mg/kg of TAA was administered 120 minutes after 50 mg/kg of JI extract was applied to the JI+TAA group. TAA+JI+ group was administered 50 mg/kg JI extract 120 minutes after 250 mg/kg TAA was administered and 2 more 50 mg/kg JI extract were administered after 48 hours. At the end of the trial, blood samples were analyzed for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with autoanalyser. Liver tissue sections were examined by staining with hematoxylin eosin (H-E), periodic acid schiff (PAS) and caspase-3. On the other hand, the tissue homogenates were analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH).In H-E and PAS studies, while a marked damage was detected in TAA group compared to other groups, based on biochemical analysis, only a significant change in parameter AST was determined. Compared to other groups, it was observed that the MDA rose significantly in the TAA group and that the GSH fell and that the expression of the kaspaz-3 was significantly increased.. On the other hand, it was found that lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in the TAA+JI group compared to JI+TAA group.In conclusion, this study has revealed that the extraction obtained from the Juncus inflexus plant has protective and therapeutic properties for the liver.

Enhancing the self-determination of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is a prominent factor in their daily, community, school, or post-school outcomes. Parental practices play a crucial role in promoting self-determination of children with IDD. Families worldwide engage in parenting practices determined by each family's beliefs and values filtered through cultural experiences related to the place of origin, social structure, and living area.This study investigated the impact of parental habitus as structured within social and cultural capital on family ratings of child self-determination in two distinct regions of Turkey (Türkiye). Our assumption is that the gap in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital between different districts of the same country affects parental habitus in fostering their children's self-determination.Researchers collected information from 232 family members regarding the degree of their children's self-determination in two different geographic areas of Türkiye. We used the American Institutes for Research (AIR) Self-Determination Scale - Parent Form (AIR-SDS-PF questionnaire and a socio-demographic form to collect data. We employed the univariate analysis (two-way ANOVA) to identify the main and interactional effect among variables.Parental habitus depending on where families live, socioeconomic level, and child's disability status was influential in promoting self-determination for their children with IDD and counterparts.Regional or micro-cultural differences impacting parental dispositions should be considered in developing or planning self-determination interventions for children with/without IDD in the same country.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Renal infection in children is rare. Besides medical treatment, open surgery, laparoscopy and retroperitonoscopy have been started to be used increasingly. A 13-year-old girl with a kidney cyst hydatid applied to the hospital and laparoscopic excision was performed, and there was no complication in 12-month follow-up period. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a safe and feasible method for kidney cyst hydatid disease.

Günümüzde e-ticaret uygulamaları küresel çapta etkileyici bir şekilde büyüyerek nihai tüketicilerin sıklıkla tercih ettikleri bir alışveriş ortamı haline gelmiştir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin firmadan-müşteriye (B2C) doğru perakende e-ticaret işlem hacimlerinin yüksek olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’de ise benzer bir performans ortaya konulamadığı görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki e-ticaret pazar potansiyelinin beklendiği düzeyde gerçekleşmemiş olmasının nedenlerini tespit ederek çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle sektör bazında yapılmış araştırmalar incelenmiş ve bu çalışmalardan faydalanılarak bir anket formu geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra bu anket formu İstanbul’da e-ticaret müşterisi olarak tanımlanan, orta gelir düzeyinde maaşlı çalışan 312 kişiden oluşan örneklem kitlesine uygulanmıştır. Toplanan anketler neticesinde, örnek kitlenin e-ticaret uygulamaları için harcadığı alışveriş bütçesi ile bu işlemler için ayırdığı zamanın çok düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşın anket katılımcılarının e-ticaret firmalarının performansını değerlendirilirken önem verdikleri unsurlar olarak satış sonrası hizmet kalitesi ve teslimat süresinin makul olması belirlenmiştir. E-ticaret uygulamalarıyla ilgili genel olarak müşterilerin en büyük çekincesiyse güvenlik algısı sorunudur. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelinmesi mikro ölçekte firma bazında değil ancak makro boyutta devlet ve sektörün hep birlikte hareket etmesiyle ele alınmalıdır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye yerli milli siber güvenlik tedbirlerini geliştirmeli ve sektörde faaliyet gösteren firmalara yönelik yasal düzenlemeler oluşturmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Firmadan Tüketiciye (B2C), E-ticaret, E-Perakendecilikte Kalite Ölçeği, Müşteri Güven Algısı, Müşteri Tercihi, Nowadays in globally e-commerce applications have grown dramatically and it has become the commonly preferred shopping medium by the end customers. Despite the fact that the high volume of B2C retailing e-commerce rate in developed and emerging countries, Turkey does not show that performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop the suggestions and identify the reasons for the unrealized market potential of Turkish e-commerce sector. In that context, some sector related market studies have been investigated and then based on these studies’ results a structured questionnaire form has been generated. Later, this survey has been conducted to sampling which includes 312 respondents, who are identified as potential e-commerce customers in Istanbul. The collected data show that people, who included sampling, are not into spending their shopping budget and their spare time for e-commerce implementations. According to the results, the operational performance of e-commerce firms was determined by respondents as "post-sales service quality" and "appropriate lead-time". The crucial problem for the Turkish customers about e-commerce applications is the security issue. To overcome this issue the solving efforts should be handled on the macro level, instead of individual strives of each e-commerce companies at the micro level. For that purpose, Turkey should develop its own national cybersecurity protection and also should regulate the Turkish e-commerce sector structure based on the firm's competencies. Keywords: Business to Consumer (B2C), E-commerce, E-Tail Quality Scale, Customers’ Trust Perception, Customers’ Behavior Preferences

To assess electronic absorption spectra, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity, 12 new hydrazone compounds that have different substituents and in different positions were synthesized and characterized. HOMO–LUMO energies and theoretical electronic spectra of synthesized compounds were computed via Gaussian 09 software. Global reactivity descriptors were computed from HOMO–LUMO energies. In addition, 1JXA protein was used for molecular docking studies structure. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (as negative bacteria), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (as gram positive) was selected. Compound 3 was observed to be the most effective against propagations of E. Coli. Similarly, compounds 7 and 9 were found to be the most effective against the reproduction of P. aeroginosa. The most powerful compound against the growth of E. faecalis was ascertained to be compound 7.

We assessed SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity and probable impact on epidemiology, immune response and clinical disease in Turkey.Complete genomes and partial Spike (S) sequences were accessed from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database. The genomes were analysed for variations and recombinations using appropriate softwares.Four hundred ten complete genomes and 206 S region sequences were included. Overall, 1,200 distinct nucleotide variations were noted. Mean variation count was 14.2 per genome and increased significantly during the course of the pandemic. The most frequent variations were identified as A23403G (D614G;92.9,%), C14408T (P323L, 92.2%), C3037T (89.8%), C241T (83.4%) and GGG28881AAC (RG203KR, 62.6%). The A23403G mutation was the most frequent variation in the S region sequences (99%). Most genomes (98.3%) belonged in the SARS-CoV-2 haplogroup A. No evidence for recombination was identified in genomes representing sub-haplogroup branches. The variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 were detected, with a statistically-significant time-associated increase in B.1.1.7 prevalence.We described prominent SARS-CoV-2 variations as well as comparisons with global virus diversity. Continuing a molecular surveillance in agreement with local disease epidemiology appears to be crucial, as vaccination and mitigation efforts are ongoing. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Turkiye kaynakli SARS-CoV-2 genomik dizi cesitliliginin ve epidemiyoloji, bagisik yanit ve hastalik seyri uzerine muhtemel etkili varyasyonlarin incelenmesi.“Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data” (GISAID) veri tabaninda yer alan tum genom ve “Spike” (S) bolgesine ait verilere ulasilarak uygun yazilimlar yardimiyla varyasyon ve muhtemel rekombinasyonlar arastirildi.Toplam 410 tam genom ve 206 S bolgesi dizisi incelendi, 1200 farkli nukleotid duzeyinde varyasyon saptandi. Genom basina toplam varyasyon ortalamasi 14.2 olarak hesaplandi ve salginin ilerleyisi suresince istatistiksel olarak anlamli artis izlendi. En sik saptanan varyasyonlar A23403G (D614G;92.9,%), C14408T (P323L, 92.2%), C3037T (89.8%), C241T (83.4%) ve GGG28881AAC (RG203KR, 62.6%) olarak siralandi. S bolgesi dizilerinde de A23403G, en yaygin varyasyon (%99) seklinde izlendi. Incelenen genomlarin siklikla (%98.3) SARS-CoV-2 A haplogrubuna ait oldugu goruldu. Alt haplogruplari temsil eden genomlarda yapilan incelemelerde rekombinasyon bulgusu saptanmadi. Calisma grubunda B.1.1.7, B.1.351 ve P.1 varyantlari tespit edildi. B.1.1.7 prevalansinda izlenen zamanla iliskili artis, istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulundu.Calismada ulkemiz kaynakli SARS-CoV-2 genomlarinda belli basli varyasyonlar belirlenmis ve kuresel virus cesitliligi isiginda degerlendirilmistir. Kontrol ve asilama calismalari ile eszamanli olarak onemli varyantlarin tanimlanabilmesi icin, bolgesel epidemiyoloji ile uyumlu molekuler surveyans calismalari surdurulmelidir. (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Turkish Journal of Biochemistry / Turk Biyokimya Dergisi is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF); is an autosomal recessively inherited autoinflammatory disease caused by the mutations in the Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) gene. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic control mechanisms, particularly non-coding RNAs, may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoinflammation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating host gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The phenotypic heterogeneity of FMF disease suggests that FMF may not be a monogenic disease, suggesting that epigenetic factors may affect phenotypic presentation. Here we examined the potential anti-inflammatory effect of miR-197-3p, which is a differentially expressed miRNA in FMF patients, by using inflammation related functional assays. We monitored gene expression levels of important cytokines, as well as performed functional studies on IL-1β secretion, caspase-1 activation, apoptosis assay, and cell migration assay. These experiments were used to evaluate the different stages of inflammation following pre-miR-197 transfection. Anti-miR-197 transfections were performed to test the opposite effect. 3′UTR luciferase activity assay was used for target gene studies. Our results obtained by inflammation-related functional assays demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect of miR-197-3p in different cell types (synovial fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages). 3′UTR luciferase activity assay showed that miR-197-3p directly binds to the interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) receptor, type I (IL1R1) gene, which is one of the key molecules of the inflammatory pathways. This study may contribute to understand the role of miR-197-3p in autoinflammation process. Defining the critical miRNAs may guide the medical community in a more personalized medicine in autoinflammatory diseases.

[No Abstract Available]

Background Cystic fibrosis, the most prevalent autosomal recessive genetic disease, is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The spectrum and frequency of CFTR mutations in Turkish patients show heterogeneity. Methods We investigated CFTR gene mutations in samples from 604 cystic fibrosis patients diagnosed at Hacettepe University, the largest referral CF center in Turkey, by different techniques such as strip assay and direct sequencing. We also analyzed the effects of novel variants and predicted pathogenicity by integrating information from different insilico tools. Results We showed that mutation detection rate increased to 76.7% with direct sequencing of the coding region and exon/intron boundaries. Ten variants were described for the first time. All variants except T788R were reported as pathogenic. Conclusion Characterization of patients with CFTR mutations that occur at very low frequencies is necessary for mutation-based treatments. Population specific genetic screening panels should be designed since none of them are suitable for Turkish patients due to heterogeneous mutation distribution. The preliminary data obtained from in silico results of novel variants will pave the way for functional analysis by using samples obtained from patients. These observations will facilitate the discovery and development of new targeted and personalized therapies.

Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder. Emerging animal and human data point to various changes in microbiota that could be linked with the syndrome. However, the effects of therapeutic approaches on gut microbial composition in women with PCOS remain unknown. Objective We aimed to assess whether gut microbial composition is altered in PCOS and to determine the potential impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use on gut microbiota. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Tertiary referral hospital. Patients and Other Participants The study included 17 overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 15 age- and body mass index-matched healthy control women. Main Outcome Measures At baseline, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluations and gut microbial composition assessment by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed for both groups. All measurements were repeated in patients after receiving an OC along with general lifestyle advice for 3 months. Results Alpha and beta diversity did not show a difference between patients with PCOS and healthy controls at baseline and remained unaltered after 3 months of OC use in the PCOS group. Relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was higher in PCOS (P = 0.006) and did not show a significant change after treatment. Conclusion Women with PCOS have an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, whereas short-term OC use does not alter compositional features of gut microbiota in the syndrome.

Objective Data on bacterial diversity and microbiota alterations in acromegaly are currently lacking. The effects of somatostatin receptor analogs on gut microbiota remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine microbiota alterations in patients with acromegaly and to assess the effects of somatostatin receptor analogs on gut microbiota. Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional case-control research and three cohorts, comprising individuals with acromegaly without medical therapy (n=5), acromegaly receiving octreotide acetate (OCT) (n=8) and healthy controls (n=5), were evaluated. Results No statistically-supported changes in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria abundance were observed. Bacteroidaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae and Alistipes families of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus of the Actinobacteria phyla were detected, without overt differences. Variations in Clostridia, Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae were not significant, while Lactobacillales were increased in individuals receiving OCT. Moreover, Akkermansia mucinophila was present in patients under OCT treatment. Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that the bacterial community profile under OCT treatment may facilitate a colonic microenvironment for improved glucose metabolism. Alterations in the gut microbiota may be a factor affecting diabetes development during somatostatin analog treatment in acromegalic patients.

Aim Role of extrachromosomal DNA in cancer and the consequences of mutations are unclear. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in the D-loop region have been suggested to be associated with different clinical parameters and proposed as controversial prognostic markers. Impaired function of mitochondria cannot be tolerated by highly energy requiring brain cells. Therefore, we have focused on the regulatory region D-loop which is thought to cause no growth disadvantage for cells. Our aim is to investigate the effect of mtDNA variants mainly in D-loop on glioma biology. Material and methods Sanger sequencing of D-loop (15971 - 16451 bp) for 52 glioma patients was performed and the variations were statistically analyzed for gender, WHO classification, morphological grade, IDH / TERT status. Results Total of 122 variations (51 unique) was identified in 52 patients. C16223T, T16189C, T16311C and T16126C variants were frequently detected. Total variation number was statistically non-significant among the analyzed categories. When individual variants were considered, T16311C and T16224C were statistically significant for WHO classification (p=0.033), morphological grade (p=0.036) and gender (p=0.039), respectively. Conclusion Total variation number in D-loop was not found to be related with clinical variables. Our data suggests that individual variants may play critical role in glioma biology.

COVID-19 is the third spread of animal coronavirus over the past two decades, resulting in a major epidemic in humans after SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is responsible of the biggest biological earthquake in the world. In the global fight against COVID-19 some serious mistakes have been done like, the countries’ misguided attempts to protect their economies, lack of international co-operation. These mistakes that the people had done in previous deadly outbreaks. The result has been a greater economic devastation and the collapse of national and international trust for all. In this constantly changing environment, if we have a better understanding of the host-virus interactions than we can be more prepared to the future deadly outbreaks. When encountered with a disease which the causative is unknown, the reaction time and the precautions that should be taken matters a great deal. In this review we aimed to reveal the molecular footprints of COVID-19 scientifically and to get an understanding of the pandemia. This review might be a highlight to the possible outbreaks.

(Z)-4-(2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)benzonitrile compound (DHMB) was synthesized by a condensation reaction of 4-cyanophenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde. For characterization of DHMB were used IR, UV visible, LC-MS NMR devices. Kamlet-Taft and Catalan parameters were computed from max abs values obtained from UV spectra in different solvents of DMBH. It was used Gaussian 09 software for theoretical calculations. From theoretical data obtained was calculated global reactivity descriptors of DMBH. It was observed that there was a good agreement between experimental NMR and calculated NMR data. R2 for 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were computed as 0.9516 and 0.8847 respectively. While parameter affecting the resolution of DMBH was solvent dipolarity parameters according to Kamlet-Taft equation, it was solvent polarizability ability according to Catalan equation.

In this study, the environmental gamma radiation starting at December, 2014 through November, 2015 were measured at different 16 points. The environmental gamma radiation measurement was made from the ground and one meter above the surface by using portable gamma survey meter which consisted of NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The lowest values of environmental gamma radiation are 0.041 µSv/h at ground level and 0.035 µSv/h at the one-meter level on the location XIII, the highest values of environmental gamma radiation are 0.478 µSv/h at the ground level and 0.453 µSv/h at the one-meter level on the location XVI.

Introduction: HFE gene mutations are responsible from iron overload in general population. Studies in hemodialysis patients investigated the effect of presence of HFE gene mutations on serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) with conflicting results. However effect of HFE mutations on iron overload in hemodialysis patients was not previously extensively studied. Methods: 36 hemodialysis patients (age 51.3 ± 15.6, (18/18) male/female) and 44 healthy control subjects included in this cross sectional study. Hemoglobin, ferritin, TSAT in the preceding 2 years were recorded. Iron and erythropoietin (EPO) administered during this period were calculated. Iron accumulation in heart and liver was detected by MRI. Relationship between HFE gene mutation, hemoglobin, iron parameters and EPO doses, and tissue iron accumulation were determined. Findings: Iron overload was detected in nine (25%) patients. Hemoglobin, iron parameters, weekly EPO doses, and monthly iron doses of patients with and without iron overload were similar. There was no difference between control group and hemodialysis patients with respect to the prevalence of HFE gene mutations. Iron overload was detected in five of eight patients who had HFE gene mutations, but iron overload was present in 4 of 28 patients who had no mutations (P = 0.01). Hemoglobin, iron parameters, erythropoietin, and iron doses were similar in patients with and without gene mutations. HFE gene mutations remained the main determinant of iron overload after multivariate logistic regression analysis (P = 0.02; OR, 11.6). Discussion: Serum iron parameters were not adequate to detect iron overload and HFE gene mutation was found to be an important risk factor for iron accumulation.

YILMAZ, Engin/0000-0001-8873-7645; Ergunay, Koray/0000-0001-5422-1982; Karagozlu, Cem/0000-0002-2874-4998; Kose, Fadime Aydin/0000-0001-5222-7555; bellikci koyu, ezgi/0000-0001-5279-2394, WOS: 000487964600296, PubMed: 31487797, Several health-promoting effects of kefir have been suggested, however, there is limited evidence for its potential effect on gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular kefir consumption on gut microbiota composition, and their relation with the components of metabolic syndrome. in a parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial setting, patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive 180 mL/day kefir (n = 12) or unfermented milk (n = 10) for 12 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements, blood samples, blood pressure measurements, and fecal samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease by the intervention of kefir (p 0.05 for each). Gut microbiota analysis showed that regular kefir consumption resulted in a significant increase only in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (p = 0.023). No significant change in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria or Verrucomicrobia by kefir consumption was obtained. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of sub-phylum bacterial populations did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05, for each). Kefir supplementation had favorable effects on some of the metabolic syndrome parameters, however, further investigation is needed to understand its effect on gut microbiota composition., Turkish Council of Higher EducationMinistry of National Education - Turkey, This research was funded by the Turkish Council of Higher Education.

Background Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a periodic fever syndrome, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serosal inflammation accompanied with high acute phase reactants.The analysis of possible comorbidities is important to understand the impact of these conditions on clinical care and whether they share a common etiological pathway. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the comorbidities associated with FMF patients in a large genetically diagnosed cohort. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of FMF patients who were followed up at Department of Pediatric Rheumatology in Hacettepe University between 2000 and 2015. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The diagnosis of FMF was made according to Tel Hashomer diagnosis criteria for patients who applied prior to April 2009 and to the Turkish FMF pediatric diagnosis criteria after April 2009. The FMF patients who had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were included in the study. Comorbidities associated with FMF were divided into three groups; associated with increased inflammation, associated with FMF and incidental. Results A total of 1999 patients were enrolled in the study. Of all 1999 FMF patients, 636 were children (31.8%), 1029 were males (51.4%), with a mean age of 31.60±16.01 years. The mean follow up time was 4.50±3.99 years (median:3.84 range from 0.21-29.4 years). 880 of 1999 (44%) FMF patients had homozygous MEFV gene mutation, the most common mutation was M694V homozygous. The remaining were compound heterozygous. 656 patients (32.8%) had one or more than one comorbidity associated with FMF. Ankylosing spondylitis was the most common comorbidity associated with increased inflammation while the most common comorbidity in FMF related comorbidities was renal amyloidosis. The frequency of ankylosing spondylitis, henoch schonlein purpura, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), multiple sclerosis (MS) and Behcet’s disease were increased in patients with FMF when compared to those in the literature. Systemic lupus erythematosus was observed less frequently in the patients with FMF than in the population. While the increase in the frequency of MS was 3.3 times, the frequency of PAN was increased 110 times. Conclusion This study shows that FMF is a hereditary disease associated with significant comorbidity. We also confirm that inflamatory and rheumatic diseases are more common in FMF. Disclosure of Interests Ummusen Kaya Akca: None declared, Banu Balci Peynircioglu: None declared, Zehra Serap Arici: None declared, Edibe Avci: None declared, Zulfiye Yeliz Akkaya Ulum: None declared, Engin Yilmaz: None declared, Yelda Bilginer: None declared, Seza ozen Consultant for: Seza Ozen is receiving consultancy fees from Novartis, Speakers bureau: Roche

Objectives FMF is the most common periodic fever syndrome, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serosal inflammation accompanied with high acute phase reactants. The analysis of possible comorbidities is important to understand the impact of these conditions on clinical care and whether they share a common aetiological pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the comorbidities associated with FMF patients in a large genetically diagnosed cohort. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the medical and genetic records of FMF patients who were followed up by rheumatologists in Hacettepe University for 15 years. The FMF patients who had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were included in the study. Comorbidities associated with FMF were divided into three groups: (i) comorbidities directly related to FMF, (ii) comorbidities due to increased innate inflammation, and (iii) comorbidities that were regarded as being incidental. Results A total of 2000 patients with a diagnosis of FMF were enrolled in the study. Among them 636 were children (31.8%) and M694V was the most common mutation in patients with associated inflammatory conditions. The frequency of AS, Iga Vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, multiple sclerosis and Behçet’s disease were increased in patients with FMF when compared with those in the literature. Conclusion This study represents the largest genetically confirmed cohort and compares the frequencies with existing national and international figures for each disease. The increased innate immune system inflammation seen in FMF may be considered as a susceptibility factor since it predisposes to certain inflammatory conditions.

Öğrenici profiline uygun öğretim araç-gereçlerinin yeterli düzeyde geliştirilememesi, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde önemli bir sorun alanıdır. Nitekim, dil gelişimi için önemli olan otantik materyallerin ve işbirlikçi sistemlerin yeterli düzeyde olmayışı Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi önünde “lojistik bariyer”ler olarak durmaktadır. Öğrenici düzeyine uygun olarak geliştirilemeyen materyallerin başında ise öğrenici sözlüğü gelmektedir. Bu konuda, artan çalışma ve araştırmalara rağmen Türkiye’de henüz model teşkil edebilecek bir eser ya da kaynak ortaya konulamamıştır. Tarafımızdan hazırlanan ve Pegem Akademi Yayınları arasında çıkan Yabancılar İçi Başlangıç Düzeyi Türkçe Sözlük (A1)adlı eser, öğrenici sözlüğü alanında öncü bir çalışma olarak değerlendirilebilir. Araştırma ile, Türkiye’de yeterince geliştirilememiş olan pedagojik sözlükbilimi (pedagogical lexicography) alanına kuramsal ve uygulamalı açıdan katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, betimsel bir araştırma niteliğindedir.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently a global pandemic with unprecedented public health, economic and social impact. The development of effective mitigation strategies, therapeutics and vaccines relies on detailed genomic and biological characterization of the regional viruses. This study was carried out to isolate SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in Anatolia, and to investigate virus propagation in frequently-used cells and experimental animals. We obtained two SARS-CoV-2 viruses from nasopharngeal swabs of confirmed cases in Vero E6 cells, visualized the virions using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and determined size distribution of the particles. Viral cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells were initially observed at 72 h post-inoculation and reached 90% of the cells on the 5th day. The isolates displayed with similar infectivity titers, time course and infectious progeny yields. Genome sequencing revealed the viruses to be well-conserved, with less than 1% diversity compared to the prototype virus. The analysis of the viral genomes, along with the available 62 complete genomes from Anatolia, showed limited diversity (up to 0.2% on deduced amino acids) and no evidence of recombination. The most prominent sequence variation was observed on the spike protein, resulting in the substitution D614G, with a prevalence of 56.2%. The isolates produced non-fatal infection in the transgenic type I interferon knockout (IFNAR−/-) mice, with varying neutralizing antibody titers. Hyperemia, regional consolidation and subpleural air accumulation was observed on necropsy, with similar histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings in the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen and kidneys. Peak viral loads were detected in the lungs, with virus RNA present in the kidneys, jejunum, liver, spleen and heart. In conclusion, we characterized two local isolates, investigated in vitro growth dynamics in Vero E6 cells and identified IFNAR−/− mice as a potential animal model for SARS-CoV-2 experiments., Bioinformatics; Microbiology; Virology; Viral disease; Viral genetics; Epidemiology; Respiratory system; SARS-CoV-2; Isolate; Genome; IFNAR−/- mice

A genetic mutation was detected by our clinic in two sisters in a family with low iron levels and mild symptoms. We identified this missense mutation in the FTL gene (c.473T > C; p.Pro158Leu, rs374486686) of the sisters who had weakness symptom and low serum ferritin level. This mutation causes the codon CCG changing into CTG, thus composing an amino acid substitution in which proline 158 is replaced by leucine. The patients with this mutation had unmeasurable serum ferritin levels while other iron parameters’ levels are normal. As a result of this mutation, we demonstrated that ferritin connects iron however it can not store iron.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common of the systemic autoinflammatory disorders, is caused by mutations in the MEFV (Mediterranean Fever) gene, which encodes the protein pyrin. Neutrophils, one of the major components during inflammation, are the main cell type that expresses pyrin. In response to an inflammatory stimulus, neutrophils migration to their main active site. To date, several pyrin-interacting proteins have been demonstrated to co-localise with the cytoskeletal protein actin, which is important in the process of neutrophil migration and raises the question of whether pyrin plays a role in the actin cytoskeletal network during inflammatory cell migration. In this study, we examined the possible role of pyrin during inflammatory cell migration in neutrophils. We generated a cell migration assay with neutrophils and primary neutrophils from patients. We also knocked down pyrin expression using siRNA and then performed cell migration assay. We showed co-localisation of pyrin and F-actin at the leading edge during inflammatory cell migration. In pyrin knocked down cells, we identified a significant decrease in neutrophil migration. In addition, we demonstrated a dramatic increase in migration in the neutrophils of FMF patients compared with a healthy control group. These data together provide new insight into the cellular function of pyrin and demonstrate an important link between pyrin and polymerising actin in the process of inflammatory cell migration.

Kargin cakici, Evrim/0000-0002-1697-6206 WOS: 000462568200010 PubMed: 30636381 Background The aim of this study was to identify the cut-offs of postnatal anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD), according to the urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system, to identify the predictors of final diagnosis of UTD and the need for surgery. Methods A total of 260 infants (336 renal units) with prenatally detected UTD were prospectively evaluated on serial ultrasonography by the same radiologist. Additional voiding cystourethrography and scintigraphy was done according to the clinical algorithm. Results Prenatal and postnatal APRPD in patients with transient dilation were significantly lower than in those with urinary tract anomalies (UTA). On follow up, the slope of decrease in APRPD was significantly higher in transient dilation compared with UTA. APRPD 10 mm at first-month ultrasonography, predicted UTA with a sensitivity of 83.1%, and specificity of 71.1%. On multivariate analysis the likelihood of surgical intervention and final diagnosis were predicted independently by the UTD system risk group. Conclusions Careful ultrasonography evaluation can avoid unnecessary testing in patients with transient or clinically insignificant dilation. The UTD classification system is valid for evaluation of postnatal hydronephrosis and is reliable in predicting the need for surgical intervention.

ObjectivesTo determine whether implementation of a case-based payment system changed all-cause readmission rates in the 30 days following discharge after surgery, we analysed all surgical procedures performed in all hospitals in France before (2002–2004), during (2005–2008) and after (2009–2012) its implementation.SettingOur study is based on claims data for all surgical procedures performed in all acute care hospitals with >300 surgical admissions per year (740 hospitals) in France over 11 years (2002–2012; n=51.6 million admissions).InterventionsWe analysed all-cause 30-day readmission rates after surgery using a logistic regression model and an interrupted time series analysis.ResultsThe overall 30-day all-cause readmission rate following discharge after surgery increased from 8.8% to 10.0% (PConclusionIn France, the increase in the readmission rate appears to be relatively steady in both the private and public sector but appears not to have been affected by the introduction of a case-based payment system after accounting for changes in care practices in the public sector.

The effect of monetary and fiscal policy on the output depends on the frequency of price changes. When the prices change infrequently or prices change slowly, monetary and fiscal policy have a real effects on the output. Developed countries generally have a rigid prices but developing countries have a relatively flexible prices. This difference is originated from the reality that the developing countries have higher average inflation than the developed countries. Economic literature focuses on the micro reasons of the frequency of price changes, on the other hand, the inflation is seen the main factor which affects the frequency of price changes in the macro perspective. This study holds down the assumption that the frequency of price changes is a function of the inflation rate in the macro perspective. In addition to this, it is also focused on the direct relationships between the frequency of price changes and the macro variables which affect the inflation rate. It is revealed the effect of macro factors on the frequency of price changes in this work. It is concluded that the determinants of the frequency of price changes in the macro perspective in Turkey are the expected inflation and the exchange rate rather than output gap. It can be said that firms’ price frequency behavior directly depends on cost push factors in Turkey.

WOS: 000452101400018 The behaviors of Legendre polynomials representing angular movements are independent of the type of reaction and can be studied in detail paying attention to the changes on effective and centrifugal potentials. For the title reaction, dynamic calculations taking into account the effects of potential energy surfaces have been investigated using the real wave packet method on the most realistic potential energy surface (LZHH) recently obtained. The total electrical dipoles and energies were also calculated in the corresponding quantum states of the molecular system.

A set of mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene causes familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common auto-inflammatory disease. The gene encodes a protein named pyrin, which appears to play an important role in inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, pyrin, which is expressed in neutrophils, has been reported to interact with proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) and actin proteins. However, the relations between pyrin and PSTPIP1 during the cell migration have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we constructed a cell migration assay method using HL-60 cells. Pyrin-PSTPIP1 interactions were analysed by immunofluorescence staining in control, differentiated and differentiated-stimulated HL-60 cells. In stimulated cells, pyrin-polymerised actin, PSTPIP1-polymerised actin and pyrin-PSTPIP1 were found to be colocalised. Pyrin has been shown to be colocalised with actin and PSTPIP1 at the leading edge of the migrating cell. For the first time, PSTPIP1 was found to interact with dynamic actin and pyrin at the site of polarisation.

Bu çalışma içerisinde, enflasyonun vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmalarda ortaya konulan, “gelişmekte olan ülkelerde verginin ağırlıklandırılmış fiyat elastikiyetinin birim olduğu” varsayımı Türkiye için 1998 -2013 periyodu için yeniden değerlendirilecektir. Ağırlıklandırılmış fiyat elastikiyetinin hesaplanmasında Türk vergi gelirleri ve fiyat endeksleri verileri kullanılmıştır. Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLS) yöntemiyle, vergi sisteminin uzun dönem ağırlıklandırılmış fiyat elastikiyeti tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmanın önemi Türkiye için verginin ağırlıklandırılmış fiyat elastikiyetini hesaplamaya yönelik ilk çalışma olmasıdır. Bu anlamda “gelişmekte olan ülkelerde verginin ağırlıklandırılmış fiyat elastikiyetinin birim olduğu” varsayımının yeniden gözden geçirilmesi için yol gösterici bir çalışma olacaktır.

Aim: We investigated the role of the H63D mutation on the development of hepatic iron overload and hepatic injury in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients and its association with insulin resistance and metabolic alterations.Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with NASH, who were diagnosed at Hacettepe University Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic depending on clinic and laboratory findings, were included into study. Metabolic syndrome was sought. Waist hip ratio and body mass index were calculated. H63D gene mutation, iron level at serum and liver biopsy specimens and histopathologic exam on liver biopsy specimens were studied in study group. Fasting and post-prandial blood sugar, lipid profile, 75-gr-glucose tolerance test and HOMA insulin resistance were measured to document the insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.Results:Thirty-two patients with mean body mass index was 28.1 kg/m23,3 were included in study. Hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance were found at 25 %, 37 %, 56 %, 28 % and 39 %, respectively. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation values were within normal limits in all but except 2 patients. Hepatic iron concentration was ≥ 1600g in 12 (41%) of patients. H63D mutation was homozygote in 1 (3%) and heterozygote 12 (40%) patients. Therefore the H63D allele frequencies were 3.3% for homozygous, 20% for heterozygous and as total 23.4%. The patients with H63D mutation had normal serum and tissue iron parameters. There was no statistically significant relationship between H63D mutation and histopathological findings. Two hour blood sugar levels were higher in Stage 2 patients than in Stage 1 patients (p=0.05), and also higher in Class 4 patients than in Class ≤3 patients (p=0.05).Conclusion: The H63D mutation did not affected either serum iron parameters or histopathology. However, the insulin resistance was related with fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients.