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In this study, bismuth-doped zinc selenide ZnSe/Bi single crystals were deposited on conducting glass substrates to study the effects of single crystals' molar concentration on a variety of properties. These properties were characterised using SEM, EDX, XRD, and UV–vis. The various characterisations were carried out to determine the material's morphological, elemental, structural, optical, and electrical characteristics. The ZnSe material's diffraction peaks were found at (1 1 1), (2 0 1), and (2 1 1), while the ZnSe/Bi material's peaks were found at (2 2 0), (2 2 1), and (3 0 0), which correspond to the angles (26.12°), (31.00°), (37.02°) (51.73°), (62.67°), and (65.83°), respectively. The material showed a smaller nano-grain size that covered the entire substrate, indicating uniform deposition. A band gap energy of 1.55 to 1.72 eV was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we deposited the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide material for photovoltaic application on FTO glass and studied the effect of precursor pH. The thin films deposited with titanium-doped barium sulphide underwent examination for their optical, structural, electrical, and surface morphological properties. As the wavelength of the photon increased, the absorbance decreased. The Ti-doped CuS thin film had the highest absorbance value (0.79) at pH 4.60 and the lowest value (0.48) at pH 5.10. The films deposited at pH 5.10, 4.90, 4.80, 4.70, and 4.60 yielded data of 0.48, 0.56, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.79. The energy band gaps for the thin films deposited at pH 5.1, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, and 4.6 were 2.90 eV, 2.87 eV, 2.79 eV, 2.60 eV, and 2.42 eV, respectively. The film’s energy bandgap decreased as the bath pH decreased, as indicated by the results. The X-ray diffraction findings unveiled a cubic structural phase of barium sulphide, with a lattice constant of 6.3748 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]