Effect of precursor pH on the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide (BaTiS) material for photovoltaic application.

In this study, we deposited the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide material for photovoltaic application on FTO glass and studied the effect of precursor pH. The thin films deposited with titanium-doped barium sulphide underwent examination for their optical, structural, electrical, and surface morphological properties. As the wavelength of the photon increased, the absorbance decreased. The Ti-doped CuS thin film had the highest absorbance value (0.79) at pH 4.60 and the lowest value (0.48) at pH 5.10. The films deposited at pH 5.10, 4.90, 4.80, 4.70, and 4.60 yielded data of 0.48, 0.56, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.79. The energy band gaps for the thin films deposited at pH 5.1, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, and 4.6 were 2.90 eV, 2.87 eV, 2.79 eV, 2.60 eV, and 2.42 eV, respectively. The film’s energy bandgap decreased as the bath pH decreased, as indicated by the results. The X-ray diffraction findings unveiled a cubic structural phase of barium sulphide, with a lattice constant of 6.3748 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]