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Domestic use accounts for 70-80 % of drinking water consumption. The French reference value of 120 m3/water subscriber/year does not take into account the distribution of water uses at home, nor their spatial and temporal distribution. A survey of 1026 residents of Gironde was conducted to characterise domestic drinking water consumption, and the volume of water per use was estimated. The results show that only a small share of this consumption is transferred to other locations (work, leisure) or other territories. Compared with the CIEau results, the volumes for personal care and watering are high, whereas the proportions for laundry, washing up and food are low, which can be explained by a difference in assumptions (time of presence, flow rates, duration, et cetera). In the context of water resource management, this update of domestic consumption should enable to target water savings more effectively.

Due to growing social acceptance, there has been an increasing number of gender-affirmation surgeries performed in North America. Most research in this patient population focuses on surgical outcomes and advancing techniques. However, little work has been done to study functional outcomes. To better evaluate urinary dysfunction in the postphalloplasty trans men patient population, our group developed a novel patient-reported outcome instrument – the postphalloplasty urinary function test (PP UFT) and protocol to measure postvoid urethral volume (PVUR), and we present our preliminary results. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study in a cohort of 15 adult trans men who had undergone phalloplasty with urethral lengthening surgery between 2018 and 2021. Patients had stable urinary function via the neophallus at the time of survey. Patients filled out the PP UFT and were asked to record their PVUR as per our protocol. The average PP UFT score was 8.9 out of 40 and the average quality-of-life (QOL) score was 2.6. Postvoid dribbling constituted the major complaint and on average comprised 63.2% of the reported PP UFT score. The average PVUR was 2.2 ml (range: 0.5–5.6 ml). There was a positive correlation between higher PP UFT and worse-reported quality of life (P < 0.01; R2 = 0.4). Current questionnaires accepted in cis-male urology have limitations for accurately capturing urinary dysfunction in this specific patient group. The combination of PP UFT and PVUR measurement offers potential for quantifying urinary function and quality of life in patients who undergo phalloplasty. Future studies will validate these instruments.

Cet article présente un résumé de l’épidémiologie des cas de syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez les enfants (MIS-C) déclarés à l’échelle nationale au Canada par les autorités sanitaires provinciales et territoriales. Le syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez les enfants est un syndrome inflammatoire post-viral qui suit la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Les symptômes peuvent comprendre de la fièvre, des douleurs abdominales, des vomissements, de la diarrhée, des éruptions cutanées et d’autres signes d’inflammation. Au Canada, le MIS-C est rare, avec 269 cas signalés à l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada entre le 11 mars 2020 et le 2 octobre 2021. Cent quarante-deux (53 %) de ces cas étaient des cas de COVID-19 confirmés en laboratoire ou liés épidémiologiquement à des cas de COVID-19. Des cas ont été signalés chez des nourrissons d’à peine une semaine et des jeunes de 18 ans, l’âge médian étant de six ans. Les cas étaient plus susceptibles de se produire chez les garçons que chez les filles (58 % contre 42 %, respectivement; p = 0,006). Presque tous les cas de MIS-C (99 %) ont nécessité une hospitalisation et 36 % une admission en unité de soins intensifs. Aucun décès n’a été signalé à ce jour. La tendance temporelle du MIS-C s’aligne sur la tendance temporelle du taux d’incidence du COVID-19 rapporté chez les enfants, avec un décalage de deux à six semaines.

This article provides a summary of the epidemiology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases reported nationally in Canada by provincial and territorial health authorities. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a post-viral inflammatory syndrome that temporally follows coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash and other signs of inflammation. In Canada, MIS-C is rare, with 269 cases reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada between March 11, 2020 and October 2, 2021. One hundred forty-two (53%) of these cases were lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases or epidemiologically-linked with COVID-19 cases. Cases have been reported in infants as young as one week to youth as old as 18 years, with a median age of six years. Cases were more likely to occur in males than females (58% vs 42%, respectively; p=0.006). Almost all MIS-C cases (99%) required hospitalization and 36% required intensive care unit admission. No deaths have been reported to date. The time trend of MIS-C aligns with the incidence rate time trend of COVID-19 reported in children, with a two to six-week lag.

The “anti-branching rule”, introduced in 1950, excludes branched polyphosphates from biological relevance due to their supposedly rapid hydrolysis. Here, the authors synthesize monodisperse branched polyphosphates and demonstrate their unexpected stability in water, as well as provide evidence for their competence in phosphorylation.

In the learning environments offered in higher education for the teaching/learning of languages, we observe the emergence of practices that are challenging teaching habits and leading to new models of learning. The learning process that takes place in formal institutional contexts covers only a limited period of life. Given that, to a very large extent, language practice takes place in informal situations, the institution should now take account of these practices, even if it is sometimes difficult to access these 'already there' uses. In our research, we sought to identify the intentions behind the integration of these forms of informal and non-formal learning into a self-directed language learning environment (English and French as a Foreign Language). In other words, do learners make explicit and intentional use of resources from their personal sphere? What place does informal learning take within this system? How do learners choose digital resources and how do they structure the resulting informal activities for their learning? What metacognitive strategies are at work in the appropriation of such forms of learning? This analysis, based on the answers given by the students to a questionnaire, has led to the emergence of a common learning dynamic in which the boundaries between formal and informal learning become blurred and which leads to individual intentional trajectories.

Myo-Inositol phosphates (InsPs) and pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are important second messengers but their analysis remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantitation of InsP and PP-InsP isomers in cells and tissues.

The role of chemoreceptors on vomeronasal neurons are not fully understood. Here the authors show that in mice, the vomeronasal chemoreceptor Fpr3 responds to peptides from the bacterial MgrB protein, and that exposure to these peptides drives an avoidance response.

To analyse the epidemiology and population structure of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) and carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates, patients were screened for rectal colonisation with 3GCR/CR K. pneumoniae complex on admission to six German university hospitals (2016–2019). Also collected were 3GCR/CR and susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with bloodstream infections (2016–2018). Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST), core-genome MLST, and resistome and virulome analysis. The admission prevalence of 3GCR K. pneumoniae complex isolates during the 4-year study period was 0.8%, and 1.0 bloodstream infection per 1000 patient admissions was caused by K. pneumoniae complex (3GCR prevalence, 15.1%). A total of seven K. pneumoniae complex bloodstream isolates were CR (0.8%). The majority of colonising and bloodstream 3GCR isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae, 96.7% and 98.8%, respectively; the remainder were K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae. cgMLST showed a polyclonal population of colonising and bloodstream isolates, which was also reflected by MLST and virulome analysis. CTX-M-15 was the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and 29.7% of the colonising and 48.8% of the bloodstream isolates were high-risk clones. The present study provides an insight into the polyclonal 3GCR K. pneumoniae population in German hospitals.