41 results on '"Ehbrecht M"'
Search Results
2. Transpiration on the rebound in lowland Sumatra
- Author
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Röll, A., Niu, F., Meijide, A., Ahongshangbam, J., Ehbrecht, M., Guillaume, T., Gunawan, D., Hardanto, A., Hendrayanto, Hertel, D., Kotowska, M.M., Kreft, H., Kuzyakov, Y., Leuschner, C., Nomura, M., Polle, A., Rembold, K., Sahner, J., Seidel, D., Zemp, D.C., Knohl, A., and Hölscher, D.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Landscape management strategies for multifunctionality and social equity
- Author
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Neyret, M., Peter, S., Le Provost, G., Boch, S., Boesing, A.L., Bullock, J.M., Hölzel, N., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Krauss, J., Müller, J., Müller, S., Ammer, C., Buscot, Francois, Ehbrecht, M., Fischer, M., Goldmann, Kezia, Jung, K., Mehring, M., Müller, T., Renner, S.C., Schall, P., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Westphal, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Manning, P., Neyret, M., Peter, S., Le Provost, G., Boch, S., Boesing, A.L., Bullock, J.M., Hölzel, N., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Krauss, J., Müller, J., Müller, S., Ammer, C., Buscot, Francois, Ehbrecht, M., Fischer, M., Goldmann, Kezia, Jung, K., Mehring, M., Müller, T., Renner, S.C., Schall, P., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Westphal, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, and Manning, P.
- Abstract
Increasing pressure on land resources necessitates landscape management strategies that simultaneously deliver multiple benefits to numerous stakeholder groups with competing interests. Accordingly, we developed an approach that combines ecological data on all types of ecosystem services with information describing the ecosystem service priorities of multiple stakeholder groups. We identified landscape scenarios that maximize the overall ecosystem service supply relative to demand (multifunctionality) for the whole stakeholder community, while maintaining equitable distribution of ecosystem benefits across groups. For rural Germany, we show that the current landscape composition is close to optimal, and that most scenarios that maximize one or a few services increase inequities. This indicates that most major land-use changes proposed for Europe (for example, large-scale tree planting or agricultural intensification) could lead to social conflicts and reduced multifunctionality. However, moderate gains in multifunctionality (4%) and equity (1%) can be achieved by expanding and diversifying forests and de-intensifying grasslands. More broadly, our approach provides a tool for quantifying the social impact of land-use changes and could be applied widely to identify sustainable land-use transformations.
- Published
- 2023
4. Molecular Beams of Silicon Clusters and Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Pyrolysis of Gas Phase Reactants
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., Hofmeister, H., Kohn, B., Huisken, F., and Campargue, Roger, editor
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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5. Le mélange des espèces réduit la sensibilité à la sécheresse du pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) et du chêne (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) - L'approvisionnement en eau et la fertilité du site modifient l'effet de mélange
- Author
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Steckel, M., del Río, Macarena, Heym, M., Aldea, J., Bielak, K., Brazaitis, G., Cerny, J., Coll, L., Collet, Catherine, Ehbrecht, M., Jansons, A., Nothdurft, A., Pach, M., Pardos, M., Ponette, Quentin, Reventlow, D.O.J., Sitko, R., Svoboda, M., Vallet, Patrick, Wolff, B., Pretzsch, Hans, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF VALLADOLID AND INIA MADRID ESP, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SGGW WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES POL, Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), FORESTRY AND GAME MANAGEMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE JILOVISTE CZE, UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA ESP, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GEORG AUGUST UNIVERSITAT GOTTINGEN DEU, LATVIAN STATE FOREST RESARCH INSTITUTE SILAVA SALASPILS LVA, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE KRAKOW POL, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN DNK, Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), CZECH UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES SUCHDOL CZE, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), European Union as part of the ERA-Net SUMFOREST project REFORM -Mixed species forest management, German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) : 2816ERA02S, Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT): S-SUMFOREST-17-1, Ecofor, Allenvi, French national research infrastructure ANAEE-F, European Project: 778322,H2020-EU.1.3.3.,CARE4C (2018), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), and Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE)
- Subjects
Drought stress ,SPEI ,Resilience ,Recovery ,education ,fungi ,Resistance ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,food and beverages ,Complementarity ,Facilitation ,Ecological gradient - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; International audience; Tree species mixing has been widely promoted as a promising silvicultural tool for reducing drought stress. However, so far only a limited number of species combinations have been studied in detail, revealing inconsistent results. In this study, we analysed the effect of mixing Scots pine and oak (pedunculate oak and sessile oak) trees on their drought response along a comprehensive ecological gradient across Europe. The objective was to improve our knowledge of general drought response patterns of two fundamental European tree species in mixed versus monospecific stands. We focused on three null hypotheses: (HI) tree drought response does not differ between Scots pine and oak, (HII) tree drought response of Scots pine and oak is not affected by stand composition (mixture versus monoculture) and (HIII) tree drought response of Scots pine and oak in mixtures and monocultures is not modified by tree size or site conditions. To test the hypotheses, we analysed increment cores of Scots pine and oak, sampled in mixed and monospecific stands, covering a wide range of site conditions. We investigated resistance (the ability to maintain growth levels during drought), recovery (the ability to restore a level of growth after drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover to pre-drought growth levels), involving sitespecific drought events that occurred between 1976 and 2015. In monocultures, oak showed a higher resistance and resilience than Scots pine, while recovery was lower. Scots pine in mixed stands exhibited a higher resistance, but also a lower recovery compared with Scots pine in monocultures. Mixing increased the resistance and resilience of oak. Ecological factors such as tree size, site water supply and site fertility were found to have significant effects on the drought response. In the case of Scots pine, resistance was increased by tree size, while recovery was lowered. Resistance of oak increased with site water supply. The observed mixing effect on the tree drought response of Scots pine and oak was in some cases modified by the site conditions studied. Positive mixing effects in terms of resistance and resilience of oak increased with site water supply, while the opposite was found regarding recovery. In contrast, site fertility lessened the positive mixing effect on the resistance of Scots pine. We hypothesise that the observed positive mixing effects under drought mainly result from waterand/or light-related species interactions that improve resource availability and uptake according to temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2020
6. Stand growth and structure of mixed-species and monospecific stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Q. robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) analysed along a productivity gradient through Europe
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Pretzsch, H., Steckel, M., Heym, M., Biber, P., Ammer, C., Ehbrecht, M., Bielak, K., Bravo, F., Ordóñez, C., Collet, C., Vast, F., Drössler, L., Brazaitis, G., Godvod, K., Jansons, A., de-Dios-García, J., Löf, M., Aldea, J., Korboulewsky, N., Reventlow, D. O. J., Nothdurft, A., Engel, M., Pach, M., Skrzyszewski, J., Pardos, M., Ponette, Quentin, Sitko, R., Fabrika, M., Svoboda, M., Černý, J., Wolff, B., Ruíz-Peinado, R., del Río, M., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Pretzsch, H., Steckel, M., Heym, M., Biber, P., Ammer, C., Ehbrecht, M., Bielak, K., Bravo, F., Ordóñez, C., Collet, C., Vast, F., Drössler, L., Brazaitis, G., Godvod, K., Jansons, A., de-Dios-García, J., Löf, M., Aldea, J., Korboulewsky, N., Reventlow, D. O. J., Nothdurft, A., Engel, M., Pach, M., Skrzyszewski, J., Pardos, M., Ponette, Quentin, Sitko, R., Fabrika, M., Svoboda, M., Černý, J., Wolff, B., Ruíz-Peinado, R., and del Río, M.
- Abstract
Past failures of monocultures, caused by wind-throw or insect damages, and ongoing climate change currently strongly stimulate research into mixed-species stands. So far, the focus has mainly been on combinations of species with obvious complementary functional traits. However, for any generalization, a broad overview of the mixing reactions of functionally different tree species in different mixing proportions, patterns and under different site conditions is needed, including assemblages of species with rather similar demands on resources such as light. Here, we studied the growth of Scots pine and oak in mixed versus monospecific stands on 36 triplets located along a productivity gradient across Europe, reaching from Sweden to Spain and from France to Georgia. The set-up represents a wide variation in precipitation (456–1250 mm year−1), mean annual temperature (6.7–11.5 °C) and drought index by de Martonne (21–63 mm °C−1). Stand inventories and increment cores of trees stemming from 40- to 132-year-old, fully stocked stands on 0.04–0.94-ha-sized plots provided insight into how species mixing modifies stand growth and structure compared with neighbouring monospecific stands. On average, the standing stem volume was 436 and 360 m3 ha−1 in the monocultures of Scots pine and oak, respectively, and 418 m3 ha−1 in the mixed stands. The corresponding periodical annual volume increment amounted to 10.5 and 9.1 m3 ha−1 year−1 in the monocultures and 10.5 m3 ha−1 year−1 in the mixed stands. Scots pine showed a 10% larger quadratic mean diameter (p < 0.05), a 7% larger dominant diameter (p < 0.01) and a 9% higher growth of basal area and volume in mixed stands compared with neighbouring monocultures. For Scots pine, the productivity advantages of growing in mixture increased with site index (p < 0.01) and water supply (p < 0.01), while for oak they decreased with site index (p < 0.01). In total, the superior productivity of mixed stands compared to monocultures increased wit
- Published
- 2020
7. Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) - Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect
- Author
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Steckel, M., del Rio, M., Heym, M., Aldea, J., Bielak, K., Brazaitis, G., Cerny, J., Coll, L., Collet, C., Ehbrecht, M., Jansons, A., Nothdurft, A., Pach, M., Pardos, M., Ponette, Q., Reventlow, D. O. J., Sitko, R., Svoboda, M., Vallet, P., Wolff, B., Pretzsch, H., Steckel, M., del Rio, M., Heym, M., Aldea, J., Bielak, K., Brazaitis, G., Cerny, J., Coll, L., Collet, C., Ehbrecht, M., Jansons, A., Nothdurft, A., Pach, M., Pardos, M., Ponette, Q., Reventlow, D. O. J., Sitko, R., Svoboda, M., Vallet, P., Wolff, B., and Pretzsch, H.
- Published
- 2020
8. Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) – Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect
- Author
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Steckel, M., primary, del Río, M., additional, Heym, M., additional, Aldea, J., additional, Bielak, K., additional, Brazaitis, G., additional, Černý, J., additional, Coll, L., additional, Collet, C., additional, Ehbrecht, M., additional, Jansons, A., additional, Nothdurft, A., additional, Pach, M., additional, Pardos, M., additional, Ponette, Q., additional, Reventlow, D.O.J., additional, Sitko, R., additional, Svoboda, M., additional, Vallet, P., additional, Wolff, B., additional, and Pretzsch, H., additional
- Published
- 2020
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9. Generation, analysis, and deposition of silicon nanocrystals up to 10 nm in diameter
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Ehbrecht, M., Ferkel, H., and Huisken, F.
- Published
- 1997
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10. Deposition and analysis of silicon clusters generated by laser-induced gas phase reaction
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Ehbrecht, M., Ferkel, H., Huisken, F., Holz, L., Polivanov, Yu. N., Smirnov, V.V., Stelmakh, O.M., and Schmidt, R.
- Subjects
Semiconductors -- Research ,Carbon dioxide lasers -- Usage ,Silicon crystals -- Research ,Scanning electron microscopes -- Usage ,Physics - Published
- 1995
11. Generation, analysis, and deposition of silicon nanocrystals up to 10 nm in diameter
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Ferkel, H., additional, and Huisken, F., additional
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- 1997
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12. Stand growth and structure of mixed-species and monospecific stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Q. robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) analysed along a productivity gradient through Europe
- Author
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Pretzsch, H., primary, Steckel, M., additional, Heym, M., additional, Biber, P., additional, Ammer, C., additional, Ehbrecht, M., additional, Bielak, K., additional, Bravo, F., additional, Ordóñez, C., additional, Collet, C., additional, Vast, F., additional, Drössler, L., additional, Brazaitis, G., additional, Godvod, K., additional, Jansons, A., additional, de-Dios-García, J., additional, Löf, M., additional, Aldea, J., additional, Korboulewsky, N., additional, Reventlow, D. O. J., additional, Nothdurft, A., additional, Engel, M., additional, Pach, M., additional, Skrzyszewski, J., additional, Pardos, M., additional, Ponette, Q., additional, Sitko, R., additional, Fabrika, M., additional, Svoboda, M., additional, Černý, J., additional, Wolff, B., additional, Ruíz-Peinado, R., additional, and del Río, M., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features
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Penone, C., Allan, E., Soliveres, S., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Gossner, M.M., Seibold, S., Simons, N.K., Schall, P., van der Plas, F., Manning, P., Manzanedo, R.D., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Ehbrecht, M., Goldmann, Kezia, Jung, K., Müller, J., Müller, J.C., Pena, R., Polle, A., Renner, S.C., Ruess, L., Schönig, I., Schrumpf, M., Solly, E.F., Tschapka, M., Weisser, W.W., Wubet, Tesfaye, Fischer, M., Penone, C., Allan, E., Soliveres, S., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Gossner, M.M., Seibold, S., Simons, N.K., Schall, P., van der Plas, F., Manning, P., Manzanedo, R.D., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Ehbrecht, M., Goldmann, Kezia, Jung, K., Müller, J., Müller, J.C., Pena, R., Polle, A., Renner, S.C., Ruess, L., Schönig, I., Schrumpf, M., Solly, E.F., Tschapka, M., Weisser, W.W., Wubet, Tesfaye, and Fischer, M.
- Abstract
While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above‐ and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation.
- Published
- 2018
14. Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services
- Author
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Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Soliveres, S., Penone, C., Manning, P., van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Schall, P., Gossner, M.M., Bauhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Blaser, S., Blüthgen, N., de Frutos, A., Ehbrecht, M., Frank, K., Goldmann, Kezia, Hänsel, F., Jung, K., Kahl, T., Nauss, T., Oelmann, Y., Pena, R., Polle, A., Renner, S., Schloter, M., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Schulze, E.-D., Solly, E., Sorkau, E., Stempfhuber, B., Tschapka, M., Weisser, W.W., Wubet, Tesfaye, Fischer, M., Allan, E., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Soliveres, S., Penone, C., Manning, P., van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Schall, P., Gossner, M.M., Bauhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Blaser, S., Blüthgen, N., de Frutos, A., Ehbrecht, M., Frank, K., Goldmann, Kezia, Hänsel, F., Jung, K., Kahl, T., Nauss, T., Oelmann, Y., Pena, R., Polle, A., Renner, S., Schloter, M., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Schulze, E.-D., Solly, E., Sorkau, E., Stempfhuber, B., Tschapka, M., Weisser, W.W., Wubet, Tesfaye, Fischer, M., and Allan, E.
- Abstract
Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated the relationships between 12 stand-level forest attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity and plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, and proxies for 14 ecosystem services in 150 temperate forest plots. Our results show that forest attributes are the best predictors of most ecosystem services and are also good predictors of several synergies and trade-offs between services. Environmental factors also play an important role, mostly in combination with forest attributes. Our study suggests that managing forests to increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, and canopy gaps would promote the supply of multiple ecosystem services. These results highlight the potential for forest management to encourage multifunctional forests and suggest that a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help to mitigate trade-offs in human-dominated landscapes.
- Published
- 2018
15. The structures of small methyl fluoride clusters from infrared dissociation experiments.
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., de Meijere, A., Stemmler, M., and Huisken, F.
- Subjects
- *
ORGANIC compounds , *MOLECULAR beams , *ELECTRONIC excitation , *SPECTRUM analysis - Abstract
Molecular beam depletion spectroscopy has been employed to study the dissociation of small methyl fluoride clusters upon excitation of the ν3 C–F stretch vibration at 1048.6 cm-1. Size selection has been achieved by dispersing the (CH3F)n cluster beam by a secondary rare gas beam. For the methyl fluoride dimer only very weak dissociation signals could be observed. The corresponding spectrum features a single, 13.4 cm-1 broad absorption line. This observation is explained with a symmetric dimer structure, in which both monomer units reside at equivalent positions, and an inefficient coupling of the molecular vibration to the intermolecular bond. For the trimer and tetramer very strong dissociation yields are observed. Whereas the trimer shows a complicated spectrum which is attributed to its nonsymmetric structure, the tetramer spectrum is again characterized by a single peak. In order to obtain supplementary information, dissociation spectra have also been measured for small methyl fluoride clusters residing inside or on the surface of large Arx host clusters. These matrixlike spectra are consistent with the free gas-phase cluster data. Finally, in a computational approach, the structures of the methyl fluoride dimer, trimer, and tetramer have been determined by total energy minimization. The theoretical results are in perfect agreement with the experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Iron-oxide-based nanoparticles produced by pulsed infrared laser pyrolysis of Fe(CO)2
- Author
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Alexandrescu, R., Morjan, I., Crunteanu, Aurelian, Cojocaru, Costel Sorin, Petcu, S., Teodorescu, V., Huisken, F., Kohn, B., Ehbrecht, M., Cojocaru, Costel Sorin, Institut de Recherche en Communications Optiques et Microondes (IRCOM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire de physique des interfaces et des couches minces [Palaiseau] (LPICM), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Francis PERRIN (LFP - URA 2453), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Laser pyrolysis ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Iron pentacarbonyl ,Iron oxides ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] - Abstract
International audience; The synthesis of nanosized ( 1-100 nm) particles is an active research field in chemical processing technologies. The process may be of particular relevance in the case of the widely used iron-based materials. In this paper, we report on the preparation and characterization of ultrafine powders produced by pulsed infrared laser pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, in sensitized mixtures. The synthesis is performed in a flow reactor, at rather high pressure (400 mbar) and high laser fluence ( ~ 5 J cm−2). The average diameter of the particles is 30 nm. Different characterization methods of the fine powder aged in atmosphere indicate the presence of a substantial oxidic portion, identified as the β-Fe2O3 * H2O form. Some experimental observations suggest the possibility of iron-oxides formation during synthesis in the
- Published
- 1998
17. Infrared Spectroscopy of Nano‐sized Carbon Grains Produced by Laser Pyrolysis of Acetylene: Analog Materials for Interstellar Grains
- Author
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Schnaiter, M., primary, Henning, Th., additional, Mutschke, H., additional, Kohn, B., additional, Ehbrecht, M., additional, and Huisken, F., additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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18. Optical properties of nanocrystalline silicon thin films produced by size-selected cluster beam deposition
- Author
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Laguna, M.A, primary, Paillard, V, additional, Kohn, B, additional, Ehbrecht, M, additional, Huisken, F, additional, Ledoux, G, additional, Papoular, R, additional, and Hofmeister, H, additional
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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19. Photoluminescence and resonant Raman spectra of silicon films produced by size-selected cluster beam deposition
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Kohn, B., additional, Huisken, F., additional, Laguna, M. A., additional, and Paillard, V., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Deposition and analysis of carbon and silicon clusters generated by laser-induced gas phase reaction
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Ferkel, H., additional, Huisken, Friedrich, additional, Holz, L., additional, Polivanov, Yu. N., additional, Smirnov, V. V., additional, and Stelmakh, O. M., additional
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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21. Raman studies of silicon layers formed by cluster beam deposition
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Holz, L., additional, Huisken, Friedrich, additional, Polivanov, Yu. N., additional, Smirnov, V. V., additional, and Stelmakh, O. M., additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Laser-driven flow reactor as a cluster beam source
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Ferkel, H., additional, Smirnov, V. V., additional, Stelmakh, O. M., additional, Zhang, W., additional, and Huisken, F., additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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23. CO2-laser-driven production of carbon clusters and fullerenes from the gas phase
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., primary, Faerber, M., additional, Rohmund, F., additional, Smirnov, V.V., additional, Stelmakh, O., additional, and Huisken, F., additional
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Deposition and analysis of carbon and silicon clusters generated by laser-induced gas phase reaction.
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., Ferkel, H., Huisken, Friedrich, Holz, L., Polivanov, Yu. N., Smirnov, V. V., and Stelmakh, O. M.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. LASER-DRIVEN SYNTHESIS OF CARBON AND SILICON CLUSTERS FROM GAS-PHASE REACTANTS.
- Author
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EHBRECHT, M., FERKEL, H., SMIRNOV, V.V., STELMAKH, O., ZHANG, W., and HUISKEN, F.
- Abstract
A newly developed technique is employed for the production of carbon and silicon cluster beams starting from gaseous compounds. It is based on the
2 -laser-induced decomposition of molecular gases containing carbon and silicon, such as2 H2 and4 , in a flow reactor. In order to decompose acetylene,6 is used as a sensitizer. By introducing a skimmer into the reaction zone, the generated silicon and carbon clusters are transferred to free molecular flow and analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is shown that the technique can be efficiently employed to produce fullerenes60 and70 and, in the case of silicon, ultrapure nanosized particles of up to 3-nm diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ethanol Molecules and Complexes Selectively Prepared in the Gas Phase and Adsorbed on Large Argon Clusters
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M. and Huisken, F.
- Abstract
Molecular beam depletion spectroscopy (MBDS) has been employed to study the dissociation of ethanol monomers [C
2 H5 OH], dimers [(C2 H5 OH)2 ], and trimers [(C2 H5 OH)3 ]. In the spectral region between 870 and 1100 cm-1, which was accessed with a CO2 laser, four vibrational modes were investigated: the symmetric and asymmetric CCO stretches and the in-plane and out-of-plane rocking modes. Contributions from larger ethanol polymers have been eliminated by dispersing the (C2 H5 OH)n clusters with a secondary He beam and measuring the laser-induced depletion off-axis in the scattered cluster beam. To study the C 2 H5 OH monomer, ethanol molecules were deposited on large ArN clusters employing the pickup technique. Ethanol dimers and trimers attached to argon clusters have been studied as well. In a computational approach, the structures of ethanol dimers and trimers have been determined by total energy minimization. These theoretical results are of great value for the interpretation of the experimental data as far as the expected splitting of vibrational bands is concerned. The present investigations allow us to give a consistent interpretation of the available data ranging from the gas phase to the liquid as well as to the bulk matrix. - Published
- 1997
27. Iron-oxide-based nanoparticles produced by pulsed infrared laser pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5
- Author
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Alexandrescu, R., Morjan, I., Aurelian Crunteanu, Cojocaru, S., Petcu, S., Teodorescu, V., Huisken, F., Kohn, B., and Ehbrecht, M.
28. Transpiration on the rebound in lowland Sumatra
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Roell, A., Niu, F., Meijide, A., Ahongshangbam, J., Ehbrecht, M., Guillaume, T., Gunawan, D., Hardanto, A., Hendrayanto, Hertel, D., Kotowska, M. M., Kreft, H., Kuzyakov, Y., Leuschner, C., Nomura, M., Polle, A., Rembold, K., Sahnerq, J., Seidel, D., Zemp, D. C., Knohl, A., and Hoelscher, D.
- Subjects
stand transpiration ,leaf-area ,trees ,oil palm ,water use ,land-use intensification ,jungle rubber ,tropics ,forest ,jambi province ,sap flow ,oil palm expansion ,rubber plantation ,sap flux ,water-use ,land-cover change ,environmental variables ,rubber plantations - Abstract
Following large-scale conversion of rainforest, rubber and oil palm plantations dominate lowland Sumatra (Indonesia) and other parts of South East Asia today, with potentially far-reaching ecohydrological consequences. We assessed how such land-use change affects plant transpiration by sap flux measurements at 42 sites in selectively logged rainforests, agroforests and rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations in the lowlands of Sumatra. Site-to-site variability in stand-scale transpiration and tree-level water use were explained by stand structure, productivity, soil properties and plantation age. Along a land-use change trajectory forest rubber-oil palm, time-averaged transpiration decreases by 43 +/- 11% from forest to rubber monoculture plantations, but rebounds with conversion to smallholder oil palm plantations. We uncovered that particularly commercial, intensive oil palm cultivation leads to high transpiration (827 +/- 77 mm yr(-1)), substantially surpassing rates at our forest sites (589 +/- 52 mm yr(-1)). Compared to smallholder oil palm, land-use intensification leads to 1.7-times higher transpiration in commercial plantations. Combined with severe soil degradation, the high transpiration may cause periodical water scarcity for humans in oil palm-dominated landscapes. As oil palm is projected to further expand, severe shifts in water cycling after land-cover change and water scarcity due to land-use intensification may become more widespread.
29. Silicon as a candidate carrier for ERE
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gilles ledoux, Ehbrecht, M., Guillois, O., Huisken, F., Kohn, B., Laguna, M. A., Nenner, I., Paillard, V., Papoular, R., Porterat, D., Reynaud, C., Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), MPI fur Strömungsforchung, and Ledoux, Gilles
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
International audience; Amorphous hydrogenated carbons and their alloys with silicon are discussed as candidate carriers of Extended Red Emission. In this respect, their photoluminescence spectra are too blue, weak and broad. By contrast, crystalline nanoparticles of pure silicon are shown to satisfy the constraints of available observations. Such dust can plausibly condense, even in carbon-rich circumstellar shells, in the form of polydispersed nuggets, either free or embedded in SiC, for instance.
30. Transpiration on the rebound in lowland Sumatra
- Author
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Röll, A., Niu, F., Meijide, A., Ahongshangbam, J., Ehbrecht, M., Guillaume, T., Gunawan, D., Hardanto, A., Hendrayanto, ?, Hertel, D., Kotowska, M.M., Kreft, H., Kuzyakov, Y., Leuschner, C., Nomura, M., Polle, A., Rembold, Katja, Sahner, J., Seidel, D., Zemp, D.C., Knohl, A., and Hölscher, D.
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,15. Life on land ,580 Plants (Botany) - Abstract
Following large-scale conversion of rainforest, rubber and oil palm plantations dominate lowland Sumatra (Indonesia) and other parts of South East Asia today, with potentially far-reaching ecohydrological consequences. We assessed how such land-use change affects plant transpiration by sap flux measurements at 42 sites in selectively logged rainforests, agroforests and rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations in the lowlands of Sumatra. Site-to-site variability in stand-scale transpiration and tree-level water use were explained by stand structure, productivity, soil properties and plantation age. Along a land-use change trajectory forest-rubber-oil palm, time-averaged transpiration decreases by 43 ± 11% from forest to rubber monoculture plantations, but rebounds with conversion to smallholder oil palm plantations. We uncovered that particularly commercial, intensive oil palm cultivation leads to high transpiration (827 ± 77 mm yr−1), substantially surpassing rates at our forest sites (589 ± 52 mm yr−1). Compared to smallholder oil palm, land-use intensification leads to 1.7-times higher transpiration in commercial plantations. Combined with severe soil degradation, the high transpiration may cause periodical water scarcity for humans in oil palm-dominated landscapes. As oil palm is projected to further expand, severe shifts in water cycling after land-cover change and water scarcity due to land-use intensification may become more widespread.
31. CO 2-laser-driven production of carbon clusters and fullerenes from the gas phase
- Author
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Ehbrecht, M., Faerber, M., Rohmund, F., Smirnov, V.V., Stelmakh, O., and Huisken, F.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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32. Negative effects of forest gaps on dung removal in a full-factorial experiment.
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Staab M, Achury R, Ammer C, Ehbrecht M, Irmscher V, Mohr H, Schall P, Weisser WW, and Blüthgen N
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- Animals, Biodiversity, Feces, Forests, Mammals, Soil, Coleoptera physiology, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Ecosystem functioning may directly or indirectly-via change in biodiversity-respond to land use. Dung removal is an important ecosystem function central for the decomposition of mammal faeces, including secondary seed dispersal and improved soil quality. Removal usually increases with dung beetle diversity and biomass. In forests, dung removal can vary with structural variables that are, however, often interrelated, making experiments necessary to understand the role of single variables on ecosystem functions. How gaps and deadwood, two main outcomes of forest management influence dung removal, is unknown. We tested if dung removal responds to gap creation and deadwood provisioning or if treatment effects are mediated via responses of dung beetles. We expected lower removal rates in gaps due to lower dung beetle biomass and diversity. We sampled dung beetles and measured dung removal in a highly-replicated full-factorial forest experiment established at 29 sites in three regions of Germany (treatments: Gap, Gap + Deadwood, Deadwood, Control). All gaps were experimentally created and had a diameter of around 30 m. Dung beetle diversity, biomass and dung removal were each lower in gaps than in controls. Dung removal decreased from 61.9% in controls to 48.5% in gaps, irrespective of whether or not the gap had deadwood. This treatment effect was primarily driven by dung beetle biomass but not diversity. Furthermore, dung removal was reduced to 56.9% in the deadwood treatment. Our findings are not consistent with complementarity effects of different dung beetle species linked to biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships that have been shown in several ecosystems. In contrast, identity effects can be pronounced: gaps reduced the abundance of a large-bodied key forest species (Anoplotrupes stercorosus), without compensatory recruitment of open land species. While gaps and deadwood are important for many forest organisms, dung beetles and dung removal respond negatively. Our results exemplify how experiments can contribute to test hypotheses on the interrelation between land use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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33. Dataset on microclimate and drone-based thermal patterns within an oil palm agroforestry system.
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Donfack LS, Röll A, Ellsäßer F, Ehbrecht M, Irawan B, Hölscher D, Knohl A, Kreft H, Siahaan EJ, Sundawati L, Stiegler C, and Zemp CD
- Abstract
Microclimate and Land Surface Temperature (LST) are important analytical variables used to understand complex oil palm agroforestry systems and their effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. In order to examine experimental effects of tree species richness (0, 1, 2, 3 or 6), plot size (25 m
2 , 100 m2 , 400 m2 , 1600 m2 ) and stand structural complexity on microclimate and Land Surface Temperature, related data were collected following a strict design. The experiment was carried out in the Jambi province, in Sumatra (Indonesia), as part of the collaborative project EFForTS [Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems]. Microclimate data collected using miniaturized data loggers combined with drone-based thermal data were considered within an oil palm plantation enriched with six target tree species. The timeframe considered for data analysis was 20th September 2017 to 26th September 2017. The experiment data can be used for comparison with data from conventional oil palm agroforestry systems in the tropics. They can more specifically be used as reference to assess microclimate and Land Surface Temperature patterns within similar agroforestry systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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34. Predicting Tree Species From 3D Laser Scanning Point Clouds Using Deep Learning.
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Seidel D, Annighöfer P, Thielman A, Seifert QE, Thauer JH, Glatthorn J, Ehbrecht M, Kneib T, and Ammer C
- Abstract
Automated species classification from 3D point clouds is still a challenge. It is, however, an important task for laser scanning-based forest inventory, ecosystem models, and to support forest management. Here, we tested the performance of an image classification approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with the aim to classify 3D point clouds of seven tree species based on 2D representation in a computationally efficient way. We were particularly interested in how the approach would perform with artificially increased training data size based on image augmentation techniques. Our approach yielded a high classification accuracy (86%) and the confusion matrix revealed that despite rather small sample sizes of the training data for some tree species, classification accuracy was high. We could partly relate this to the successful application of the image augmentation technique, improving our result by 6% in total and 13, 14, and 24% for ash, oak and pine, respectively. The introduced approach is hence not only applicable to small-sized datasets, it is also computationally effective since it relies on 2D instead of 3D data to be processed in the CNN. Our approach was faster and more accurate when compared to the point cloud-based "PointNet" approach., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Seidel, Annighöfer, Thielman, Seifert, Thauer, Glatthorn, Ehbrecht, Kneib and Ammer.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity.
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Ehbrecht M, Seidel D, Annighöfer P, Kreft H, Köhler M, Zemp DC, Puettmann K, Nilus R, Babweteera F, Willim K, Stiers M, Soto D, Boehmer HJ, Fisichelli N, Burnett M, Juday G, Stephens SL, and Ammer C
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forestry methods, Geography, Models, Theoretical, Rain, Seasons, Trees classification, Climate, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Forests, Trees growth & development
- Abstract
The complexity of forest structures plays a crucial role in regulating forest ecosystem functions and strongly influences biodiversity. Yet, knowledge of the global patterns and determinants of forest structural complexity remains scarce. Using a stand structural complexity index based on terrestrial laser scanning, we quantify the structural complexity of boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical primary forests. We find that the global variation of forest structural complexity is largely explained by annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality (R² = 0.89). Using the structural complexity of primary forests as benchmark, we model the potential structural complexity across biomes and present a global map of the potential structural complexity of the earth´s forest ecoregions. Our analyses reveal distinct latitudinal patterns of forest structure and show that hotspots of high structural complexity coincide with hotspots of plant diversity. Considering the mechanistic underpinnings of forest structural complexity, our results suggest spatially contrasting changes of forest structure with climate change within and across biomes.
- Published
- 2021
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36. How a measure of tree structural complexity relates to architectural benefit-to-cost ratio, light availability, and growth of trees.
- Author
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Seidel D, Annighöfer P, Stiers M, Zemp CD, Burkardt K, Ehbrecht M, Willim K, Kreft H, Hölscher D, and Ammer C
- Abstract
Aboveground tree architecture is neither fully deterministic nor random. It is likely the result of mechanisms that balance static requirements and light-capturing efficiency. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to investigate the relationship between tree architecture, here addressed using the box-dimension ( D
b ), and the architectural benefit-to-cost ratio, the light availability, and the growth of trees. We detected a clear relationship between Db and the benefit-to-cost ratio for the tested three temperate forest tree species ( Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Acer pseudoplatanus L.). In addition, we could also show that Db is positively related to the growth performance of several tropical tree species. Finally, we observed a negative relationship between the strength of competition enforced on red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) trees and their Db. We therefore argue that Db is a meaningful and integrative measure that describes the structural complexity of the aboveground compartments of a plant as well as its relation to structural efficiency (benefit-to-cost ratio), productivity, and growing conditions (competition or availability of light)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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37. Assessing Understory Complexity in Beech-dominated Forests ( Fagus sylvatica L.) in Central Europe-From Managed to Primary Forests.
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Willim K, Stiers M, Annighöfer P, Ammer C, Ehbrecht M, Kabal M, Stillhard J, and Seidel D
- Subjects
- Europe, Germany, Humans, Plant Leaves physiology, Ecosystem, Fagus physiology, Forests, Trees physiology
- Abstract
Understory vegetation influences several ecosystem services and functions of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. Despite this knowledge on the importance of understory vegetation, it is still difficult to measure its three-dimensional characteristics in a quantitative manner. With the recent advancements in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), we now have the means to analyze detailed spatial patterns of forests. Here, we present a new measure to quantify understory complexity. We tested the approach for different management types, ranging from traditionally and alternatively managed forests and national parks in Germany to primary forests of Eastern Europe and the Ukraine, as well as on an inventory site with more detailed understory reference data. The understory complexity index (UCI) was derived from point clouds from single scans and tested for its relationship with forest management and conventional inventory data. Our results show that advanced tree regeneration is a strong driver of the UCI. Furthermore, the newly developed index successfully measured understory complexity of differently managed beech stands and was able to distinguish scanning positions located on and away from skid-trails in managed stands. The approach enables a deeper understanding of the complexity of understory structures of forests and their drivers and dependents.
- Published
- 2019
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38. Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features.
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Penone C, Allan E, Soliveres S, Felipe-Lucia MR, Gossner MM, Seibold S, Simons NK, Schall P, van der Plas F, Manning P, Manzanedo RD, Boch S, Prati D, Ammer C, Bauhus J, Buscot F, Ehbrecht M, Goldmann K, Jung K, Müller J, Müller JC, Pena R, Polle A, Renner SC, Ruess L, Schönig I, Schrumpf M, Solly EF, Tschapka M, Weisser WW, Wubet T, and Fischer M
- Subjects
- Animals, Fungi, Biodiversity, Trees
- Abstract
While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above- and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Assembly processes of trophic guilds in the root mycobiome of temperate forests.
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Schröter K, Wemheuer B, Pena R, Schöning I, Ehbrecht M, Schall P, Ammer C, Daniel R, and Polle A
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Fagaceae microbiology, Forests, Mycobiome genetics, Mycorrhizae classification, Pinaceae microbiology, Ecosystem, Mycorrhizae genetics, Plant Roots microbiology, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Root-associated mycobiomes (RAMs) link plant and soil ecological processes, thereby supporting ecosystem functions. Understanding the forces that govern the assembly of RAMs is key to sustainable ecosystem management. Here, we dissected RAMs according to functional guilds and combined phylogenetic and multivariate analyses to distinguish and quantify the forces driving RAM assembly processes. Across large biogeographic scales (>1,000 km) in temperate forests (>100 plots), RAMs were taxonomically highly distinct but composed of a stable trophic structure encompassing symbiotrophic, ectomycorrhizal (55%), saprotrophic (7%), endotrophic (3%) and pathotrophic fungi (<1%). Taxonomic community composition of RAMs is explained by abiotic factors, forest management intensity, dominant tree family (Fagaceae, Pinaceae) and root resource traits. Local RAM assemblies are phylogenetically clustered, indicating stronger habitat filtering on roots in dry, acid soils and in conifer stands than in other forest types. The local assembly of ectomycorrhizal communities is driven by forest management intensity. At larger scales, root resource traits and soil pH shift the assembly process of ectomycorrhizal fungi from deterministic to neutral. Neutral or weak deterministic assembly processes are prevalent in saprotrophic and endophytic guilds. The remarkable consistency of the trophic composition of the RAMs suggests that temperate forests attract fungal assemblages that afford functional resilience under the current range of climatic and edaphic conditions. At local scales, the filtering processes that structure symbiotrophic assemblies can be influenced by forest management and tree selection, but at larger scales, environmental cues and host resource traits are the most prevalent forces., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services.
- Author
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Felipe-Lucia MR, Soliveres S, Penone C, Manning P, van der Plas F, Boch S, Prati D, Ammer C, Schall P, Gossner MM, Bauhus J, Buscot F, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, de Frutos A, Ehbrecht M, Frank K, Goldmann K, Hänsel F, Jung K, Kahl T, Nauss T, Oelmann Y, Pena R, Polle A, Renner S, Schloter M, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Schulze ED, Solly E, Sorkau E, Stempfhuber B, Tschapka M, Weisser WW, Wubet T, Fischer M, and Allan E
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Europe, Forestry trends, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forestry methods, Forests, Trees physiology
- Abstract
Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated the relationships between 12 stand-level forest attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity and plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, and proxies for 14 ecosystem services in 150 temperate forest plots. Our results show that forest attributes are the best predictors of most ecosystem services and are also good predictors of several synergies and trade-offs between services. Environmental factors also play an important role, mostly in combination with forest attributes. Our study suggests that managing forests to increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, and canopy gaps would promote the supply of multiple ecosystem services. These results highlight the potential for forest management to encourage multifunctional forests and suggest that a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help to mitigate trade-offs in human-dominated landscapes.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil-Palm-Dominated Landscapes in Indonesia.
- Author
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Teuscher M, Gérard A, Brose U, Buchori D, Clough Y, Ehbrecht M, Hölscher D, Irawan B, Sundawati L, Wollni M, and Kreft H
- Abstract
Tropical biodiversity is threatened by the expansion of oil-palm plantations. Reduced-impact farming systems such as agroforests, have been proposed to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In regions where oil-palm plantations already dominate the landscape, this increase can only be achieved through systematic ecological restoration. However, our knowledge about the underlying ecological and socio-economic processes, constraints, and trade-offs of ecological restoration in oil-palm landscapes is very limited. To bridge this gap, we established a long-term biodiversity enrichment experiment. We established experimental tree islands in a conventional oil-palm plantation and systematically varied plot size, tree diversity, and tree species composition. Here, we describe the rationale and the design of the experiment, the ecosystem variables (soil, topography, canopy openness) and biotic characteristics (associated vegetation, invertebrates, birds) of the experimental site prior to the establishment of the experiment, and initial experimental effects on the fauna. Already one year after establishment of the experiment, tree plantings had an overall positive effect on the bird and invertebrate communities at the plantation scale. The diversity and abundance of invertebrates was positively affected by the size of the tree islands. Based on these results, we expect a further increase of biodiversity and associated ecological functions in the future. The long-term interdisciplinary monitoring of ecosystem variables, flora, fauna, and socio-economic aspects will allow us to evaluate the suitability of tree islands as a restoration measure. Thereof, guidelines for ecologically improved and socio-economically viable restoration and management concepts could be developed.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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