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In this work, we show the success of unsupervised transfer learning between Electroencephalographic (brainwave) classification and Electromyographic (muscular wave) domains with both MLP and CNN methods. To achieve this, signals are measured from both the brain and forearm muscles and EMG data is gathered from a 4-class gesture classification experiment via the Myo Armband, and a 3-class mental state EEG dataset is acquired via the Muse EEG Headband. A hyperheuristic multi-objective evolutionary search method is used to find the best network hyperparameters. We then use this optimised topology of deep neural network to classify both EMG and EEG signals, attaining results of 84.76% and 62.37% accuracy, respectively. Next, when pre-trained weights from the EMG classification model are used for initial distribution rather than random weight initialisation for EEG classification, 93.82%(+29.95) accuracy is reached. When EEG pre-trained weights are used for initial weight distribution for EMG, 85.12% (+0.36) accuracy is achieved. When the EMG network attempts to classify EEG, it outperforms the EEG network even without any training (+30.25% to 82.39% at epoch 0), and similarly the EEG network attempting to classify EMG data outperforms the EMG network (+2.38% at epoch 0). All transfer networks achieve higher pre-training abilities, curves, and asymptotes, indicating that knowledge transfer is possible between the two signal domains. In a second experiment with CNN transfer learning, the same datasets are projected as 2D images and the same learning process is carried out. In the CNN experiment, EMG to EEG transfer learning is found to be successful but not vice-versa, although EEG to EMG transfer learning did exhibit a higher starting classification accuracy. The significance of this work is due to the successful transfer of ability between models trained on two different biological signal domains, reducing the need for building more computationally complex models in future research.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if progesterone (P4) profiles differed between dairy cows with or without inflammatory disorders early postpartum. A total of 708 cows from 2 commercial herds were enrolled 3 wk before parturition and examined for clinical health disorders (difficult calving, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, mastitis, or lameness) until 5 wk postpartum. Serum haptoglobin (Hp) was measured in blood at 2 and 6 DIM (range ±2 d); metritis was assessed at 4, 8, 11, and 15 DIM; and purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis (≥6% PMN in endometrial cytology sampled by cytobrush) were assessed at 35 ± 3 DIM. As Hp ≥0.8 g/L or endometritis were associated with ovarian dysfunction in previous studies, cows with serum Hp ≥0.8 g/L at either time point and endometritis, regardless of clinical disease, were classified as the cohort with inflammatory disorders (INFLAM; n = 139). Clinically healthy cows without difficult calving, with singleton birth, with Hp

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between fractures of the floor of the orbit (blow outs) and their repercussions on eye movement, based on the available scientific literature. In order to obtain more reliable results, we opted for a methodology that could answer the guiding question of this research. To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, using a rigorous methodological approach. The risk of bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane tool for the risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2). This systematic review was carried out according to a systematic review protocol previously registered on the PROSPERO platform. The searches were carried out in the PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases, initially resulting in 553 studies. After removing duplicates, 515 articles remained, 7 were considered eligible, of which 3 were selected for detailed analysis. However, the results of the included studies did not provide conclusive evidence of a direct relationship between orbital floor fractures and eye movement.

Abstract Genetic selection has remarkably helped U.S. dairy farms to decrease their carbon footprint by more than doubling milk production per cow over time. Despite the environmental and economic benefits of improved feed and milk production efficiency, there is a critical need to explore phenotypical variance for feed utilization to advance the long-term sustainability of dairy farms. Feed is a major expense in dairy operations, and their enteric fermentation is a major source of greenhouse gases in agriculture. The challenges to expanding the phenotypic database, especially for feed efficiency predictions, and the lack of understanding of its drivers limit its utilization. Herein, we leveraged an artificial intelligence approach with feature engineering and ensemble methods to explore the predictive power of the rumen microbiome for feed and milk production efficiency traits, as rumen microbes play a central role in physiological responses in dairy cows. The novel ensemble method allowed to further identify key microbes linked to the efficiency measures. We used a population of 454 genotyped Holstein cows in the U.S. and Canada with individually measured feed and milk production efficiency phenotypes. The study underscored that the rumen microbiome is a major driver of residual feed intake (RFI), the most robust feed efficiency measure evaluated in the study, accounting for 36% of its variation. Further analyses showed that several alpha-diversity metrics were lower in more feed-efficient cows. For RFI, [Ruminococcus] gauvreauii group was the only genus positively associated with an improved feed efficiency status while seven other taxa were associated with inefficiency. The study also highlights that the rumen microbiome is pivotal for the unexplained variance in milk fat and protein production efficiency. Estimation of the carbon footprint of these cows shows that selection for better RFI could reduce up to 5 kg of diet consumed per cow daily, potentially reducing up to 37.5% of CH4. These findings shed light that the integration of artificial intelligence approaches, microbiology, and ruminant nutrition can be a path to further advance our understanding of the rumen microbiome on nutrient requirements and lactation performance of dairy cows to support the long-term sustainability of the dairy community.

Domain-specific standards and documents heavily regulate safety-critical systems. One example is the DO-178C standard for aerospace, which guides organizations to achieve system safety and evidence for their certification. Under such regulated contexts, most organizations use traditional development processes, in contrast to the massive adoption of Agile in the software industry. Among other benefits, Agile methods promise faster delivery and better flexibility to address customer needs. Adopting Agile methods and practices are possible in aerospace because the DO-178C standard does not prescribe concrete software development methods. In spite of that, Agile development is not used in DO-178C contexts. To help change that, our research aims to understand whether and how organizations engineering safety-critical software systems for aerospace may benefit from Agile methods and practices. We analyzed the DO-178C standard and confirm that it is compatible with Agile methods. Then, we present a systematic literature mapping of adopting Agile in software development for aerospace, where we identified significant concerns, recurrent issues, and several challenges. Some real industry aerospace projects provided us with important data and the perspective of domain experts about the pros and cons of Agile methods in this context. We conclude by proposing an agenda of research opportunities to improve safety-critical software development towards agility that we consider worthy of further research, application and confirmation in wider contexts.

Objective: To analyze morphometric measurements in dry jaws, chins, and hip bones to contribute to clinical predictability in the reconstruction of grafted areas. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 619 anatomical specimens. Anatomical structures were measured at predetermined points using a digital vernier caliper. Measurements of average thickness and linear dimensions of the coronoid process, as well as the average thickness of the mentum and iliac crest points, were obtained. Results: The average morphometric measurements of anatomical structures revealed that male individuals exhibit larger values than female individuals, with a mean difference of 1.57 mm. The mean estimated bone volume of the iliac crest and iliac fossa was 21,347.19 mm³ and 21,125.56 mm³ for the left and right sides, respectively. The coronoid process displayed a smaller thickness (2.11 mm) and linear measurement (5.77 mm) in its upper portion and a larger thickness (3.63 mm) and linear measurement (14.51 mm) at its base, on average. In the mentum, the greatest average thickness was found at the midline, with a value of 12.90 mm. Conclusion: The surgeon can predict the amount of bone that can be obtained from donor areas, as well as the predominant type of bone in each area, aiming to optimize its clinical application. It is important to highlight that both the iliac crest and iliac fossa provide a significant bone volume in comparison to intraoral areas.

O estudo realiza uma revisão sistemática de literatura em teses e dissertações brasileiras quanto ao uso do enfoque CTS para a compreensão de conceitos em aulas de Química e possível proposição de sinais-termo em língua brasileira de sinais (LIBRAS). No arcabouço teórico, alicerçou-nos autores que centralizam o enfoque CTS como abordagem produtiva para o ensino de Química, em interface com considerações que versam sobre inclusão de pessoas surdas nas práticas pedagógicas sobre inclusão. Metodologicamente, o estudo balizou-se em Sampaio e Mancini (2017) quanto à revisão sistemática. Os achados da revisão identificaram cinco pesquisas, entre estudos de Mestrado e Doutorado, que servem à análise, a qual se pautou em duas questões norteadoras. A revisão sistemática de literatura permitiu perceber que, nas produções brasileiras dos últimos anos quanto ao ensino de Química para surdos, que as pesquisas produzidas sobre a utilização do enfoque CTS no ensino de Química para surdos ainda são incipientes, o que deixa espaço aberto para estudos que localizem centralidade nessa direção. Os resultados revelam que cada pesquisa oferece novos sinais-termo para os conceitos trabalhados, não apresentando um padrão metalinguístico para a comunidade.

Resumo Durante quase três séculos o “gerais” do Alto-Médio rio São Francisco foi ocupado com sistemas de produção adaptados às chapadas, veredas e brejos. As tomadas de terras comuns, desmates e drenagens estimuladas pela “modernização agrícola” dos anos 1970 reduziram drasticamente as fontes e o acesso às águas, e então as secas passaram a afetar o abastecimento doméstico e produtivo. Este artigo analisa a travessia da “grande seca” de 2011/2019 em três comunidades do gerais, investigando programas públicos, abastecimento de água e produção agrícola na perspectiva da população rural. A metodologia foi referenciada na classificação local de agroambientes, usando grupos focais, entrevistas com lideranças comunitárias e famílias amostradas segundo diferentes composições. Conclui que o desaparecimento das condições históricas de acesso aos recursos levou a população a rearranjar a agricultura e o consumo de água. Vivendo novas situações, a lembrança da abundância de terras e águas é a inspiração para reivindicar, negociar e adequar programas públicos à cultura e às necessidades das comunidades.

Abstract This study explores the fabrication of nanofibers using different types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins. The gelatins exhibited distinct molecular weights and apparent viscosity values, leading to different entanglement behavior and nanofiber production. The electrospinning technique produced nanofibers with diameters from 47 to 274 nm. The electrospinning process induced conformational changes, reducing the overall crystallinity of the gelatin samples. However, porcine gelatin nanofibers exhibited enhanced molecular ordering. These findings highlight the potential of different gelatin types to produce nanofibers with distinct physicochemical properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between gelatin properties, electrospinning process conditions, and the resulting nanofiber characteristics, providing insights for tailored applications in various fields.

ABSTRACT There are 553 development banks in the world: 18% of these institutions have emerged since the 2008 financial crisis. There is a large theoretical literature on such institutions, but the evidence on their effectiveness is scattered. This paper provides a systematic review of causal effect studies of one of the largest and most representative development banks in the world, the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES). We review 48 academic papers that estimate BNDES loans and credit programs impact in several policy dimensions. In general, the evidence indicates that development banks can be an effective instrument to increase investment, exports, employment and GDP, particularly when borrowers are micro, small and medium-sized companies. The Brazilian experience also suggests that development banks can be an important tool to fight against climate change, reducing deforestation. On the other hand, evidence indicates that the greatest difficulty for these institutions is to generate positive impacts on productivity, an essential variable for economic growth. Finally, the evidence is inconclusive on political influence on development bank’s loans.

This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the detection and characterization of droplets with volumes in the nanoliter range. Leveraging the precise control of minute liquid volumes, we introduced a novel spectroscopic on-chip microsensor equipped with integrated microfluidic channels for droplet generation, characterization, and sensing simultaneously. The microsensor, designed with interdigitated ring-shaped electrodes (IRSE) and seamlessly integrated with microfluidic channels, offers enhanced capacitance and impedance signal amplitudes, reproducibility, and reliability in droplet analysis. We were able to make analyses of droplet length in the range of 1.0–6.0 mm, velocity of 0.66–2.51 mm/s, and volume of 1.07 nL–113.46 nL. Experimental results demonstrated that the microsensor’s performance is great in terms of droplet size, velocity, and length, with a significant signal amplitude of capacitance and impedance and real-time detection capabilities, thereby highlighting its potential for facilitating microcapsule reactions and enabling on-site real-time detection for chemical and biosensor analyses on-chip. This droplet-based microfluidics platform has great potential to be directly employed to promote advances in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, drug discovery, food engineering, flow chemistry, and cosmetics.

O presente artigo analisa projetos pedagógicos e matrizes curriculares de cinco cursos de Licenciatura em Química de universidades federais no Rio Grande do Sul, buscando perceber a presença de disciplinas que abordem a neuroeducação ou situações correlatas. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo e natureza aplicada, apresentando coleta de dados por análise documental. Discute-se sobre a escassez de disciplinas de neurociência/neuroeducação nas matrizes dos cursos analisados. Como próximos passos, espera-se a continuação da pesquisa em outros cursos de graduação, despertando a necessidade deste tema estar inserido principalmente em cursos de licenciatura.

Las políticas de Educación Especial desde una perspectiva inclusiva tienen el desafío de garantizar las condiciones de acceso, permanencia, participación y aprendizaje de los estudiantes a quien se destinan. Tal problema encuentra mayores dificultades cuando se trata de localidades rurales, ya sea por el despojo histórico de derechos que han enfrentado los pueblos campesinos, o incluso por las disputas contemporáneas entre fuerzas que aún defienden un modelo educativo urbano-céntrico. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un panorama de las matrículas en Educación Especial de las poblaciones rurales de Brasil de 2008 a 2020. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con datos extraídos de microdatos del censo escolar de Educación Básica referentes a los años de 2008, 2014 y 2020. Se concluye que la articulación entre Educación Especial y Educación Rural se ha convertido en un lineamiento de política pública reciente y, en las escuelas rurales, el número de alumnos con discapacidad aumentó significativamente durante el período estudiado. Sin embargo, el 71,9% de las escuelas rurales no cuentan con accesibilidad, solo el 5% cuentan con Salas de Recursos y solo el 27,4% de los estudiantes reciben asistencia educativa especializada (AEE).

Resumo: A articulação entre as áreas da educação especial e da educação escolar indígena é uma diretriz de política pública recente no Brasil, e, por esse motivo, torna-se fundamental investigar a escolarização de alunos indígenas com deficiência. Diante desse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um retrato da escolarização de alunos indígenas com deficiência no Brasil a partir da análise dos microdados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica nos anos de 2010, 2015 e 2020. As variáveis selecionadas foram do banco de matrículas e de escolas, especificamente da localização diferenciada da escola (terra indígena), a região de localização da escola, a modalidade de ensino, o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), o tipo de deficiência ou Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e a disponibilidade de sala de recursos multifuncionais. Os dados apontam a ampliação das matrículas de escolares indígenas com deficiência ou TEA em todas as regiões brasileiras, no período analisado, sendo a deficiência intelectual prevalente entre os escolares indígenas; a modalidade ensino regular possui a maior parte das matrículas desses alunos e uma pequena parcela de alunos indígenas com deficiência ou TEA receberam atendimento educacional especializado. Diante desse contexto, aponta-se a necessidade da elaboração de políticas públicas sobre educação especial e a articulação com a educação escolar indígena e que considere as especificidades dos povos indígenas no que se refere às diversidades culturais.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o caso de um potro da raça Quarto de Milha, com 9 meses de idade e pesando 166 kg, atendido pelo setor de clínica médica e cirúrgica de grandes animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná para correção de uma fenda palatina. Como medicação pré-anestésica, fez-se o uso de xilazina 0,5 mg/kg. Posteriormente, a indução foi realizada com propofol 1mg/kg e cetamina 1 mg/kg. Para manutenção anestésica, optou-se pela utilização de isoflurano, lidocaína (3 mg/kg/h), cetamina (0,6 mg/kg/h) e dexmedetomidina (1 ug/kg/h). A analgesia transoperatória foi somada com a realização de bloqueios locorregionais, sendo executados por referências anatômicas os bloqueios dos nervos maxilar, mentual e alveolar inferior com lidocaína e bupivacaína, utilizando 3 ml por ponto. Dentre os parâmetros fisiológicos monitorados, destaca-se a frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial média e pressão arterial diastólica, as quais mantiveram-se estáveis durante todo o período anestésico. Por fim, a técnica de bloqueio dos nervos maxilar, mentual e alveolar inferior mostraram-se alternativas viáveis para o procedimento proposto, uma vez que foram inexistentes as alterações paramétricas de nocicepção no transoperatório.

Com um consumo crescente de notícias nas redes sociais em Portugal (Cardoso, Baldi, Paisana et al., 2021) e uma presença crescente do jornalismo no digital (Salaverría, 2019), as capas das edições físicas têm também vindo a ser partilhadas naquelas. Enquanto todos de informação, as capas produzem sentidos e discursos. Visando tal comprovar, procedeu-se, portanto, aos contributos da Semiótica Social e dos Estudos do Discurso para analisar duas capas de jornais e quatro publicações no Facebook e no Twitter, com alcance relevante. Conclui-se sobretudo que os sentidos produzidos pelas capas sobre as pessoas nelas incluídas são: da parte do Record, interventivo, e da parte do Tal&Qual, depreciativo. Quanto aos discursos produzidos em torno delas com as publicações, destaca-se uma convergência com os sentidos produzidos pela capa, no caso do Record, e uma divergência com os que são produzidos com a capa do Tal&Qual.

A Revista Thema se apresenta como importante periódico de divulgação científica brasileiro e, no ano de 2022, completa 25 anos de lançamento de seu primeiro número. Esse artigo trata de uma investigação qualitativa que analisa as contribuições feitas nesta revista a respeito da temática Ensino de Química, buscando construir resposta para a seguinte pergunta: O que se mostra em publicações da Revista Thema entre os anos de 2012 e 2022 a respeito do Ensino de Química? Com esse objetivo, foi desenvolvida revisão sistemática de literatura em 28 produções encontradas, acompanhada de Análise Textual Discursiva. Emerge da análise a compreensão que as temáticas desses artigos podem ser divididas nas categorias Atividades Didáticas no Ensino de Química, a partir de 20 artigos identificados, e Formação de Estudantes e Docentes, com 8 produções. Como pontos que ainda podem sugerir novas publicações, percebem-se as questões sobre ensino inclusivo e discussões sobre materiais didáticos de Química, incluindo os livros didáticos, além da participação da Química nos itinerários formativos do novo ensino médio. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Química; Revista Thema; Análise Textual Discursiva; revisão sistemática; metodologias de ensino.

The inappropriate use of water resources by human actions compromises the balance between natural and anthropogenic factors. In this study, exploratory and field research were conducted with a scope of quantifying, based on satellite imaging, the use and occupation of land on the banks of the Itajaí-Açu River, the largest watercourse in the Itajaí River Basin, located in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Five sampling points were allocated along the river at different times of the year to analyze water quality using chemical and biological indicators. The characterization of land use and occupation was carried out with Sentinel-2B satellite images at 10m resolution and QGIS software. Version 3.6.3 of the R Software was used to consolidate the data. The land use was categorized into several classes, the most representative of which was vegetation, which presented coverage of 34.42%, followed by the pastures and open fields class, with 27.83%, agriculture, with 18.18%, and urban areas, with 16.59% coverage. Our study showed that 62.6% of the river’s base was affected by anthropogenic influence, characterizing an environment severely altered from its normal state. The results obtained in the statistical analysis revealed a directional correlation between land use and water quality, thus indicating that cities on the banks of watercourses are major sources of potential contaminants. Among the classes of land use, the presence of vegetation along the riverside territory attenuated part of the load of pollutants launched into the Itajaí-Açu River. This finding highlights the importance of conserving the vegetation alongside the river to maintain water quality and, consequently, preserve the ecosystem’s biota.

Abstract Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychedelic beverage with therapeutic potential for many mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are some preclinical studies, no published reports have tested the behavioral effects of AYA gavage in animal models. This investigation aimed to characterize the behavior of Wistar rats after acute ingestion of AYA for 40 min in the open field test (OFT). The sample consisted of three experimental groups treated with different dosages of AYA (125, 250, or 500 mg kg-1) and a control group. Each group consisted of 10 participants. After gavage, the number of crossings of the OFT grid lines, latency to enter the central area of the device, grooming frequency, and time spent in the central perimeter of the device were immediately evaluated. Analyses were based on one-way ANOVA and a linear-regression mixture model for longitudinal data. AYA intake did not interfere with habituation. The 500 mg kg-1 group showed a decrease in the time spent in the center of the device and in the number of crossings compared to the control group in the last 10 min. These results suggest that gavage with AYA did not interfere with the results, and the behavioral effects were perceived only between 30 and 40 min after gavage. Taken together, the results indicate that three aspects should be considered in OFT studies of AYA acute effects: the moment when the observation starts, the observation period, and the AYA dosage.

The lack of annotated semantic segmentation datasets for electrical substations in the literature poses a significant problem for machine learning tasks; before training a model, a dataset is needed. This paper presents a new dataset of electric substations with 1660 images annotated with 15 classes, including insulators, disconnect switches, transformers and other equipment commonly found in substation environments. The images were captured using a combination of human, fixed and AGV-mounted cameras at different times of the day, providing a diverse set of training and testing data for algorithm development. In total, 50,705 annotations were created by a team of experienced annotators, using a standardized process to ensure accuracy across the dataset. The resulting dataset provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working in the fields of substation automation, substation monitoring and computer vision. Its availability has the potential to advance the state of the art in this important area.

O direito à escolarização de camponeses com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação tem figurado em documentos político-normativos brasileiros, sobretudo nas duas últimas décadas. Nessa direção, este texto objetiva tensionar, no contexto da governamentalidade neoliberal, os processos de in/exclusão nas interfaces da Educação Especial e da Educação do/no Campo, particularmente quanto à oferta de escolarização e de atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) às populações camponesas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, com revisão documental e bibliográfica, bem como de levantamento de microdados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica, do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, nos recortes de 2008, 2014 e 2020. Os resultados indicam: a tendência de crescimento nas matrículas desse público; o fluxo de alunos que deixam o campo para serem escolarizados na zona urbana; o fechamento das escolas no meio rural; a insuficiência de salas de recursos multifuncionais e de AEE nas escolas do campo. Assim, o estudo problematiza como a governamentalidade neoliberal pode, a partir dos movimentos de in/exclusão escolar dos camponeses com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação, assumir uma vertente urbanocêntrica e intensificar o esfacelamento de uma Educação Especial do/no Campo.

Infrared thermography is a predictive maintenance tool used in substations to identify a disturbance in electrical equipment that could lead to poor operation and potential failure in the future. According to Joule’s law, the temperature of electrical equipment is proportional to the current flowing through it. Other external factors, such as solar incidence, air humidity, wind speed, and air temperature, can interfere with its operating temperatures. Based on this premise, this article aims to analyze the influence of atmospheric and load conditions on the operational cycle of thermography-monitored equipment in order to describe the operating temperature of the object using only external data and to show the impacts of external influences on the final temperature reached by the object. Five multivariate time series regression models were developed to describe the maximum equipment temperature. The final model achieved the best fit between the measured and model temperature based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) metric, where all external variables were used to compose the model. The proposed model shows the impacts of each external factor on equipment temperature and could be used to create a predictive maintenance strategy for power substations to avoid failure.

The Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS) is a free and open distance education platform of the Ministry of Health (MS). AVASUS is a scalable virtual learning environment that has surpassed 800,000 users, 2 million enrollments, and 310 courses in its catalog. The objective of this paper was to assess the impacts of the educational offerings on health services and AVASUS course participants' professional practice. This study analyzed data from AVASUS, the Brazilian National Registry of Health Care Facilities (CNES), the Brazilian Occupational Classification (CBO), and a questionnaire applied to 720-course participants from five regions of Brazil. After acquiring and extracting data, computational methods were used for the evaluation process. Only the responses of 462 participants were considered for data analysis, as they had a formal link to CNES. The results showed that respondents recommended 76.2% of AVASUS courses to peers. Accordingly, the quality of educational offerings motivated 81.3% of such recommendations. In addition, 75.6% of course participants who answered the questionnaire also indicated that AVASUS course contents contribute to enhancing existing health services in the health facilities where they work. Finally, 24.6% of all responses mentioned that courses available in AVASUS were essential in offering new health services in such facilities.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the chronic effects of resistance training on resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in normotensive and hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Experimental study based on TREND. Hypertensive patients were diagnosed by an independent doctor. Before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, we evaluated blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Results: Sample consisted of 41 participants divided into two groups (normotensive n = 28; hypertensive n = 13). We observed significant values in the reduction of blood pressure levels only in the group of hypertensive participants. In functionality outcomes, we observed significant values in all tests and both groups. Outcomes contemplate effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training lowers resting blood pressure levels, increases handgrip strength, and improves physical functional performance. Although the normotensive group did not show a reduction in blood pressure levels, an improvement was observed in the functional physical tests.

ABSTRACT This study provides an ex-post evaluation of selected filters to find cartels. We evaluate whether filters incurred in type I errors, i.e., failing to recognize the presence of a cartel. We use seven cartel cases in the retail fuel sector in Brazil, for which detailed local price and gross retail margins are available. Cartel cases provided 14 fuel-location events. The evaluated methods include GARCH-based and structural break methods from the international literature and three filters associated with Brazilian antitrust and regulation authorities (ANP, SBDC, and local correlation). All methods are based on an analytical framework which considers cartels as periods of higher average prices (margins) and lower price (margin) variance. Our results indicate that our filters failed to correctly signal most fuel-location cartel events, even using endogenous model-based price changes dates. The problems filters show of detecting actual cartels may be due to difficulties dating cartels or the possibly inappropriate use of price mean-variance markers to evaluate cartel behavior.

Ao longo de décadas, famílias de agricultores se deslocaram pelos “gerais” do Alto-Médio São Francisco, no Norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Com acesso livre às terras e às águas, “geralistas” adaptaram técnicas de manejo que asseguraram produção abundante até finais do século XX, quando a tomada de terras comuns promovida pela “modernização agrícola” foi seguida pela implantação de unidades de conservação. Essas mudanças tiveram papel fundamental na história vivenciada pela população rural e suas narrativas mesclam a avaliação das transformações do acesso aos recursos e ao território com a criação de formas de resistência e adaptação a novos modos de viver, fazer e produzir. A memória sustenta a avaliação e o enfrentamento. Este artigo analisa as relações entre população, terra e água, investigando a comunidade de Cabeceirinha, banhada pelo Pandeiros, um dos últimos rios vivos do território. Usando técnicas da etnografia e de pesquisa social, debate a partir das histórias e memórias de que maneiras as restrições fundiárias, legais e ambientais modificaram costumes e, contraditoriamente, fundamentam a recriação cotidiana das condições de vida. elocation-id: e2230111 Recebido: 15.11.2021 • Aceito: 07.04.2022 • Publicado: 20.05.2022 Artigo original / Revisão por pares cega / Acesso aberto

O Semiárido de Minas Gerais conviveu com forte seca entre 2011 e 2018. Nessa área de mananciais já degradados, precipitações escassas e concentradas contribuíram para reduzir a água para uso doméstico e produtivo. Tomando a grande seca como cenário, este artigo busca compreender a dinâmica cotidiana de abastecimento das famílias rurais e analisar os arranjos feitos para assegurar provisão de água em duas comunidades de agricultores familiares do gerais, os vastos chapadões do Alto-Médio rio São Francisco. Investigou o tema usando técnicas de pesquisa social (entrevistas e grupos focais) e ambiental (dimensionamento de oferta e consumo de água) durante as estações de estiagem e de chuvas ao longo de um ano. Este artigo revela que, nessa “quadra de seca”, a existência de programas públicos para provimento de água e renda assegurou abastecimento suficiente para a população rural. No entanto, os agricultores precisaram introduzir ajustes e inovações na gestão da água, no consumo e, principalmente, na agricultura, para conservar, mesmo que em novas bases, os sistemas de produção e a organização comunitária.

Antitrust remedies are a central part of the competition policy toolbox. Their actual use and design depends on interrelated factors such as the Antitrust Authority’s analytical capabilities, institutional design and bargaining power. Economics can contribute to the design of remedies, using a transaction cost, principal-agent incomplete contract framework, as remedies are generally drawn as an agreement between the Authority and parties under extensive information asymmetries. This provides a rationale for the principles and policies’ choices of the Brazilian Antitrust Authority, CADE, on remedies over the past decade. There has been a shift towards agreements instead of unilaterally imposed remedies, extensive use of trustees and communication by an Antitrust Remedies Guide to signal CADE’s policies.

Este trabalho objetiva, na interface das áreas da Educação e da Saúde, compreender a organização e o funcionamento das classes hospitalares, bem como a definição dos estudantes/pacientes destinados a este serviço, alocado sob a competência da Educação Especial. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa define-se como um estudo documental e bibliográfico, operacionalizado por meio de seleção de fontes, leituras e fichamentos. A classe hospitalar é conceituada como espaço destinado ao apoio pedagógico educacional aos alunos matriculados na Educação Básica e que se encontram hospitalizados. Este serviço consta no rol de atendimentos da Educação Especial por abranger necessidades específicas e educacionais especiais durante o período de hospitalização, visando o acesso aos conteúdos curriculares, de modo que o estudante possa retornar ao processo regular de escolarização.

Este artigo relata investigação sobre subprojetos de Química do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – Pibid, em Instituições de Ensino Superior no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram analisados depoimentos de licenciandos, coordenadores de área e professores de Química egressos do programa. Buscou-se responder à seguinte pergunta: De que modo a participação no Pibid, na forma de uma Comunidade de Prática, impacta na formação e na prática docente de professores de Química no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul? Os dados de pesquisa foram produzidos por meio de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas, cujas respostas foram tratadas pela Análise Textual Discursiva. A análise realizada das respostas permite afirmar que as ações realizadas no âmbito do Pibid atuam na forma de comunidades de prática, pois sua organização interna e seus resultados se equiparam com os pressupostos teóricos desse modo de ação formativa.

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre interdisciplinaridade em instituições de ensino tendo como objetivo realizar um exercí­cio de análise em um grupo de doze artigos desenvolvidos sobre o tema, buscando responder a pergunta "que impactos as teorias de Japiassú e Fazenda exercem na compreensão de outros autores a respeito do tema interdisciplinaridade?". Buscou-se apresentar as ideias mais relevantes de cada artigo e uma análise utilizando como embasamento teórico os conceitos de Japiassú (1976; 1994) e Fazenda (2008; 2011). Constatamos nos artigos analisados que a interdisciplinaridade fundamenta-se desde os cursos de formação docente, a fim de superar o dualismo entre teoria e prática, conhecimento e realidade, buscando integrar os diferentes saberes com base no diálogo, almejando a aproximação das disciplinas e as opiniões dos autores convergem para o fato que ela viabiliza a integração dos conhecimentos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is no consensus as to which cemented or screwed retention system is best to avoid bone loss around the implant from a fixed implant-supported restoration. Objective: To evaluate the prosthesis retention systems on screw and cemented implants, regarding: bone loss, survival and failure rate, biological complications and microbiological analysis. Methods: A search was made for scientific articles that contemplated the subject through the databases Pubmed and SciELO, without period restriction. The titles, abstracts and then access to the full text has been verified. Results: It was found that excess cement may play an important role in the development of peri-implant disease. Technical failures are most seen in prosthesis retained by screws, and biological complications in cemented crowns. The success rate for both restraint systems is high, and retention-independent implant prosthesis treatment provides predictability. Conclusion: The appropriate retention system for the patient depends on several factors, including indication, advantages and disadvantages, retention provided, aesthetics and clinical performance.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the benefits and possible adverse side effects of oxytocin use during farrowing. Randomized controlled trials that were published in English within the last 50 years were eligible for inclusion. Eligible research needed to contain the PICO elements: population (P)—sows at farrowing; intervention (I):—oxytocin given to sows—comparator (C): sows at farrowing not given oxytocin, as well as sows given different dosages and/or different timing of administration; and outcomes (O):—stillbirths, sow mortality, and piglet viability. Four bibliographic databases were used: PubMed, CAB Direct, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Global. In addition, we performed a manual search of the table of contents in the American Association of Swine Veterinarians database for relevant conference proceedings and reports. To assess the risk of bias at the study level, a modified version of the Cochrane 2.0 ROB was used. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the average stillbirth rate, farrowing duration, and birth interval between piglets using random-effect standardized mean difference (SMD) models. To explore heterogeneity, a sub-group analysis was performed on the objectives of the study, dose, time, and route of administration. Of the 46 studies eligible for meta-analyses, only 25 had sufficient information. The pooled analyses of the random effect model demonstrated that the average number of stillborn pigs was lower in the comparator group (SMD = 0.23; CI95% = 0.1, 0.36), and both the farrowing duration (SMD = −8.4; CI95% = −1.1, −0.60) and the birth interval between piglets (SMD = −1.41; CI95% = −1.86, −0.97) were shorter in the oxytocin group. The majority of the studies had an overall risk of bias of ‘some concerns’. It was concluded that the use of oxytocin increases the overall number of stillborn piglets, but decreases the farrowing duration and time interval between piglets. However, future studies should focus on the effect of oxytocin on the experience of dystocia among sows.

While nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) commonly presents lymphoid metastases, the enormous cervical metastasis causing dysphagia and limitation of neck motion is not a familiar symptom for most of NPC cases. We report a 23-year-old male with undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx, stage Ⅲ (T3N2M0), who had undergone aggressive surgical resection of bilateral huge cervical mass first followed by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy with cisplatin-based regimens. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful and follow-up, 2 years later, revealed no recurrence of primary lesion and neck metastases. We recommend that aggressive surgical resection may be considered when NPC patients significantly suffer clinical symptoms from a huge cervical metastasis.

Introduction : The continued use of dentures and inadequate hygiene may lead to the development of denture stomatitis, a frequent disease in patients who wear dentures and very much associated with Candida spp. Objective : To determine the social characteristics and the care of the individuals with the hygiene of their dentures, as well as the presence of Candida species in patients who wear dentures from a community of Cabedelo Municipality, Paraíba, Brazil. Methods : This is a pilot, cross-sectional, observational and laboratory study with the evaluation of 14 volunteers. Research forms were used and the collection, isolation and identification of the biological material were carried out. Results : The participants had low income and schooling. The daily hygiene of the prostheses, brushing with dentifrice, the non-removal of the prosthesis for sleeping and their use for more than six years were verified in most of the sample. Conclusions : A high presence of Candida spp. in the patients who wear dentures was shown, while C. albicans was the most prevalent species.

Na sequência do desenvolvimento da pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, entretanto designado por Coronavírus, a busca para uma vacina da doença associada, a COVID-19, tem sido mundialmente encarada como um desafio. Neste sentido, profissionais do campo da Saúde e de outros campos, têm tentado procurar curas alternativas, embora nem sempre sejam benéficas. O presente artigo propõe uma análise de conteúdo da reportagem ‘Coronavirus: Ghana 'quack doctors' selling 'cure'’ – em português, ‘Coronavírus: 'médicos charlatões' do Gana que vendem 'curas'’ –, produzida pela BBC e conduzida pelo jornalista Anas Aremeyaw Anas. Definiram-se e exploraram-se categorias temáticas a partir desta peça jornalística, tendo estes sido: a desinformação nos média tradicionais, a interferência da espiritualidade nas práticas da saúde e o jornalismo de investigação como forma de combate da informação falsa. Com este artigo, debate-se como este tipo de jornalismo pode contribuir para o combate à desinformação nos média, originada pelas crenças associadas à espiritualidade no continente africano e, em especial, no país ganês, no qual se foca a reportagem em análise.

Editorial

A formação do professor pesquisador reflexivo é importante para a qualificação da Educação Básica Brasileira. O presente artigo, derivado de uma pesquisa de doutoramento, tem por objetivos analisar os fatores que influenciam, ou não, a participação efetiva de docentes em uma investigação e ainda, as vantagens e dificuldades que os docentes enfrentam na implementação da pesquisa como princípio educativo. Os colaboradores são 27 profissionais em exercício em diversas áreas e níveis de atuação na Educação Básica, dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. De cunho qualitativo, o artigo apresenta dados referentes à formação desse grupo de pesquisa e seus discursos, analisando os motivos que levam docentes a assumirem os pressupostos da pesquisa como atitude profissional e pedagógica. Conclui-se que os professores em exercício ainda encontram dificuldades em apropriar-se dos pressupostos de pesquisa, tanto como atitude educativa, quanto como pedagógica e que, as formações continuadas podem colaborar para essa mudança de concepção.

ABSTRACT Objective: To achieve a literature review on the impacts of COVID-19 on dentistry. Methods: Analysis of scientific articles contained in the LILACS and PubMed platforms that fulfill the informative purpose of the research. Results: The production of aerosols during dental procedures could be highlighted as the most dangerous agent, the literature recommends restricting the type of service only to emergencies and reducing the use of rotating instruments or cough-inducing equipaments. New protective measures must be taken, such as the type of PPE used and the frequency of asepsis of the workplace, since any surface that has been exposed to oral or pharyngeal secretions may contain a load of viral particles, an online triage is also recommended before any assistance. Due to the easy spreading of this disease and the possibility of asymptomatic patients, the current best measure is avoiding the execution of procediments. Conclusion: COVID-19 will be a milestone for the current generations of health professionals, it could also be an advance for use distance technologies and integration of new biosafety techniques.

Introduction: Several situations in the dental office may cause emergency cases. Administration of local anesthetics, dental care to patients with systemic deterioration, anxiety and fear are often the most common causes. Objective: To evaluate the dental level of perception of dental students facing the main dental emergencies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study of the data through questionnaires. We interviewed 138 students from the 5th to the 10th period of Dental Medicine at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the city of Patos, Paraíba. Results: We observed that 86.2% of the interviewed students knew the difference between urgency and emergency; 52.2% of the students confirmed receiving or having received extracurricular instructions about the topic; 59.4% answered that the learning provided about this topic after graduation is not being sufficient. About 17.4% of these students responded positively to knowing how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers; 11.6% of those interviewed felt themselves prepared to deal with an emergency situation, while 81.9% of the students interviewed intended to seek complementary training during or after graduation. Conclusion: Dental students were found to have a low level of perception about medical emergencies in the dental office.

O estudo de um grupo de pesquisa, formado por estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio, em uma escola da rede privada no município de Rio do Sul – SC, pode subsidiar a reflexão sobre a institucionalização da Iniciação Científica (IC) no Brasil e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento de conceitos e atitudes científicas nos estudantes participantes. As metodologias utilizadas foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a observação participante, sendo os dados coletados, tratados por análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram duas unidades de análise: distanciamentos e aproximações entre o grupo de pesquisa e princípios da Iniciação Científica institucionalizada no Brasil. Os dados mostraram que há distanciamentos e aproximações do grupo em relação a IC, tanto na ênfase quanto nas concepções de ambos, sendo o distanciamento maior em relação as concepções. Em sua especificidade, a ênfase e as concepções do grupo contribuem positivamente para a realização das pesquisas planejadas.

Mudanças no poder de mercado de empresas alteram o emprego pela mudança no nível de atividade, mas também pela alteração da sensibilidade do emprego ante a mudanças na receita. Este estudo considera o efeito do grau de competição sobre a demanda por emprego, utilizando mudanças de exposição à competição externa via variações do câmbio e da penetração das importações no Brasil. Os resultados confirmam que maior competição torna o emprego em firmais industriais mais sensível a choques de demanda. O efeito se verifica com variações em preços relativos (taxa de câmbio), mas não na penetração das importações.

Abstract Objective This research investigate the presence of external root resorption (ERR) in second molars caused by impacted third molars in panoramic radiographs, relating to the position of third molars according to classification of Winter, Pell and Gregory. Material and method A cross-sectional, retrospective study using panoramic radiographs obtained from January 2014 to December 2015. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson's Chi-Square Test and Fisher's Exact Test (p≤0.05) were performed. Result The sample consisted of 584 panoramic radiographs, 356 (60.95%) of women, and 228 (39.05%) of men, the mean age was 25.31 years. The prevalence of ERR was 12.5%, and the group of 14-24 year olds was the most affected (p = 0.46). The presence of ERR was statistically higher in the mandible (42.1%) with p=0.01. The ERR located in the cervical (57.1%) and medium (58.8%) thirds was proportionally higher in the teeth with B2 (p=0.02) and mesio-angular positions (p=0.26). Conclusion The prevalence of ERR in second molars, caused by impacted third molars, was shown to be similar to results found in the literature, with no gender preference, this affects young patients, occurring frequently in mandible teeth, and presents greater severity in the cervical and middle thirds. The B2 and mesio-angular positions were more prone to ERR.

O artigo busca responder à questão Como se caracterizam e quais as consequências para a aprendizagem das perguntas feitas por quatro professores e 455 estudantes do ensino médio durante as aulas de Química em escolas de uma cidade no interior do Rio Grande do Sul? Durante a pesquisa foram anotadas 1.178 perguntas em 18 turmas de ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas do Rio Grande do Sul, após observações feitas em 40 aulas de Química. As perguntas foram analisadas sob o enfoque de sua demanda e de seu perfil, tendo sido classificadas e analisadas de acordo com Roca, Márquez e Sanmartí (2013). Pela análise das informações produzidas pode-se perceber que essas perguntas são, em sua maioria, de perfil informativo.

In order to improve the zeolite chemical sensors sensibility, three different electrode structures are compared in this work: conventional interdigitated electrodes (IDE), serpentine electrodes (SRE) and ring-shaped electrodes (RSE). Simulation results and experimental characterization of these electrodes showed that ring-shaped electrodes have a slight capacitance increase per unit of area. When used as a zeolite chemical sensor, the ring-shaped electrodes prove to be more suitable since they take advantage of a better usage of the drop distribution and a better capacitance per area ratio.