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Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Celal Bayar University Health Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Over the past two decades, oral contraceptives have emerged as the predominant choice for contraception globally. This study explores women’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding oral contraceptives and the pharmacist’s possible role. Material and Method: From November 2020 to January 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional observational study in Turkey. To assess the women’s knowledge attitudes and knowledge level about oral contraceptives, we developed an online questionnaire utilizing Google Forms. The data were gathered through an exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling method. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach α value. The data obtained from the participants were statistically analyzed using principal component factor analysis and chi-square test. Results: This study involved 140 participants, with a mean age of 32.31±14.21. Most participants (77, 55%) reported being single. Among the participants, a notable majority (93, 66.4%) were not utilizing any contraceptive methods, and a statistically significant discrepancy was observed between the married and single women (p<0.001, χ²=21.968). Nearly half of the participants (75, 53.6%) indicated lack of usage of any contraception methods. According to our findings, a substantial portion (76, 54.3%) of participants gathered information about oral contraceptives from sources with lower reliability, including sources like television, Internet, social media, friends, and relatives. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitudes regarding oral contraceptives among different age groups within the Turkish population are not at the desired level. The involvement of community pharmacists, who serve as accessible healthcare professionals, educating women about contraception and family planning, would yield favorable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of herbal products is increasing in Turkey, as it is all over the world. Community pharmacists are of critical importance for public health in the use of herbal products. In this research, the behavior of community pharmacists working in Isparta province on herbal products was examined. The research was conducted with community pharmacists working in Isparta province center between 20.10.2022-20.03.2023. Survey forms were used in the research and descriptive statistics were shown with percentage and frequency values. According to the research results, 54.3% of pharmacists reported that they frequently sell herbal products. Pharmacists stated that they sell these products to support the immune system with a rate of 61.4%. It was observed that 51.4% of the herbal products in pharmacies were preferred for the pediatric patient groupIt was determined that 45.7% of pharmacists received information about herbal products from product sales representatives and 41.4% had not heard of the definition of phytopharmacovigilance before. In this research, 92.9% of pharmacists are concerned about the safety of herbal products, and 95.7% find the legal regulations regarding herbal products inadequate. As a result, community pharmacists should give correct advice to patients about herbal products and pharmacists should have strong knowledge on this subject. Vocational training should be planned so that pharmacists have up-to-date knowledge about herbal products. Legal regulations regarding herbal products should be made in more detail by the responsible authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the opinions and experiences of family physicians regarding the practice of obtaining reported drugs directly from the pharmacy during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: The research is of cross-sectional type. The population of the research consisted of 427 family physicians who are actively working in Şanlıurfa and are members of Şanlıurfa Association of Family Physicians (ŞUAHED). 206 family physicians participated in the study. Research data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The application of the questionnaire was done electronically using the ŞUAHED communication phrase. Results: It was determined that 94.2% of family physicians were satisfied or very satisfied with the application. As the positive aspects of the application; As the negative aspects of the application; It was determined that 2 different answers were given regarding the concern that the drug did not reach the patient and the vulnerability, and these were between 46.1 and 68.4%, and there was a response regarding the continued administration of the drugs that were removed from the treatment, and this was at the level of 59.2%. Conclusions: Significant experience has been gained with the application. The application should not be used only as a crisis application. It should be added to the health system by making arrangements for its negative aspects and improvements for its positive aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Irrational drug use is a severe problem affecting public health, increasing morbidity, mortality rates, and treatment costs. Healthcare personnel has important responsibilities in this regard. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians. Materials and Methods: Pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and technicians working in pharmacies registered in an urban area were reached. Volunteers with the support extended to literature Turkey Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Department of Rational Drug Use 'Survey of Hospital Pharmacists were required to be filled out online. Results: 156 pharmacy personnel voluntarily participated in the study. Of the volunteers, 48.1% were pharmacists, 4.5% pharmacy assistants, and 47.4% pharmacy technicians. 59% of the participants declared that they did not receive training on rational drug use. Among pharmacy technicians, this rate is 73%. All pharmacies monitor the drug monitoring with electronic devices or instant measurements by the responsible persons; 99.4% of the participants stated that they informed the patient about the storage conditions of the drug, and 84% informed the health personnel about the drug with a special preparation condition. 18.6% of the participants reported one or more adverse events in the last two years. It has been determined that there is no complete standardization in the disposal of residual/waste drugs for drugs from patients. Conclusion: In order to organize rational drug use training for pharmacy technicians, implement a standard method for waste residual medicine management, and increase feedback on pharmacovigilance practices, it is necessary to encourage the staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the High-Alert Medications (HAM) Questionnaire in Turkish healthcare professionals. Methods: This methodological study was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018 in a private university hospital. The healthcare professionals, including nurses, health service technicians, and pharmacists, who are older than 18 years old were eligible for this study. After following the appropriate translation and cultural adaptation process, the internal consistency of the HAM Questionnaire using the Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient and test-retest reliability was evaluated. Results: Among 146 healthcare professionals, the mean age was 25.40±5.16 years, wherein 76% were females. Most participants were nurses (69.9%) and other healthcare professionals were health service technicians (28.1%) and pharmacists (2.0%). The mean total score of the HAM Questionnaire was 70.00±19.50. The Kuder-Richardson 20 was 0.815. A statistically significant correlation was found between the scores of the HAM Questionnaire at baseline and after 15 days, which confirmed the test-retest reliability (r=0.527; p<0.01). A statistically significant correlation was found between the HAM Questionnaire score and advanced age (r=0.310; p<0.001) and higher professional year (r=0.445; p<0.001). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the HAM Questionnaire could be used to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge about highalert medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Colleague solidarity, which emphasizes trust, independent thinking skills, and sharing, enables the problems encountered in the health service delivery to be dealt with effectively. This study aims to identify the current situation regarding colleague solidarity among pharmacists, which is also included in Turkey's pharmacy legislation. Materials and Methods: "Colleague Solidarity Scale Among Nurses" was used in this study conducted with the questionnaire technique. The scale comprises of 23 items and was scored using a 5-point Likert scale. In addition, there were three demographic questions and six questions to get information from participants related to collegial solidarity in the questionnaire. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin: 0.837), three factors reported 51.029% of the total variance. The t-test indicated a significant difference between gender groups only in the negative opinions about solidarity (NOS) factor (p=0.000). Females exhibited more negative thoughts about solidarity. The ANOVA showed a significant difference in the academic solidarity (AS) factor (p=0.007) among the participants' works in community pharmacies and universities. Pharmacists working in universities had higher means in the AS factor. Moreover, the number of working years made significant differences in the emotional solidarity factor (p=0.000) and NOS factor (p=0.002). Additionally, it was found that the average responses in all factors of the participants who thought that they supported their colleagues in need and that solidarity with their colleagues increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic period (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that colleague solidarity among pharmacists should be addressed profoundly as an element specified in legislation and education processes. It is crucial to determine the level of colleague solidarity and improve it using this scale for different practice areas in pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of an oral anticoagulation knowledge (OAK) test in Turkish patients on warfarin therapy at an anticoagulant outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at an ambulatory anticoagulation clinic and included patients older than 18 years who had been using warfarin for at least six months. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were collected. Internal consistency was calculated using the Kuder- Richardson 20 (KR-20) coefficient, and the test-retest reliability of the Turkish version of the OAK test was assessed. Results: Patients’ mean age was 59.83±11.93 (26-90) years (n=240; 133 women). The mean score of the OAK test was 14.19±3.01. The test-retest reliability of the scale (n=30) was moderate for the total score (p<0.001). The KR-20 value, a measure of internal consistency, was 0.671. Patients of a younger age and higher educational level were more likely to have higher levels of anticoagulation knowledge than patients of an older age and lower education level (p<0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the OAK test can be used to determine the patients’ knowledge on oral anticoagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and opinions of students at Sivas Cumhuriyet University on rational drug use. Method: In this study, 400 students at different faculties at Sivas Cumhuriyet University constituted the universe of this study. All students who agreed to participate in the study were included. A questionnaire consisting of 17 questions about rational drug use was prepared and students were allowed to participate in the survey with their own consent. Results: In our study, the responses of the participants to the questions in the questionnaire study were evaluated. According to the results, it was observed that the participants do not have sufficient information about rational drug utilization. It was observed 230 women participants and 170 men participants included in our study. Conclusions: As a result of the survey, the opinions of the participants were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the majority of the participants should be informed about rational drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Herkes için sağlık hizmeti sağlayabilmek amacıyla, tüm ülkelerdeki sağlık sistemleri insan kaynaklarının mekansal ve zamansal olarak eğitim ve uygun dağılımına ihtiyaç duyar. Bu çalışma, ülkedeki tıp üniversitelerine bağlı eczacıların dağılım eşitliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma için veriler İran İstatistik Merkezi ve 2014 İstatistik Yıllığı'ndan toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasından sonra, eczacıların populasyona göre dağılımını incelemeye başladık. İran’ın tümünde 31 il ve üç tür tıp bilimi üniversitesi her ildeki insan sağlık kaynaklarının Gini ve Theil T endeksince dağılımından sorumludurlar. Theil T, İran illerindeki "iç" ve "ara" eşitsizlikleri açısından genel eşitsizliği gidermek ve sonuçları Excel ve STATA yazılımı ile gerçekleştirmek için kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: 16 ilin olumlu bir boşluğa sahip olduğunu ve 15 ilin olumsuz bir boşluğa sahip olduğunu ve illerin herhangi birinde eczacının karşılaştırılmasında populasyon payında denge olmadığını göstermektedir. Genel Gini katsayısı 0.71 ve Theil T eşitsizlik içinde % 47.2 olduğu ve eşitsizlik arasında % 52.8 genel eşitsizlik olduğu açıklandı. Tip 3 illerindeki Gini indeksi 0.5 olup ve tip 3 illerindeki bu indeks tip 1 ve 2'ye göre 0.6 ve 0.64 Gini indeksli olup daha iyi dağılım göstermektedir.Sonuç: Eczacılar ilaçların doğru kullanımı için rehberlik ve tavsiye sağlamada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Eczacıların uygun dağılımı erişim ve sağlık hizmetlerinin topluma yaygınlaştırılmasında en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Ancak maalesef ülkede dengesiz bir coğrafi dağılım vardır ve hala yoksul bölgelerde önemli bir açık bulunmaktadır

Aim: To assess the pharmacy workers' role in rational drug therapy and to draw attention to the missing points. Methods: The questionnaire used in this study was mainly based on the questions included in the "Hospital Pharmacist Survey" prepared by the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Department of Rational Drug Use as well as previous literature. One hundred and eighty-two voluntary workers attended to face-to-face survey in Aydın/Efeler district. Results: Fifty-one-point-one percent of the workers had primary or secondary education; only 22.5% of them were bachelor of pharmacy. Thirty-eight-point-five percent stated not having enough time to attend in-service training. It was found that only, 45.8% of workers received training on "rational drug use"; and gave more information to patients. Although, 4 of 5 workers were not bachelor of pharmacy and all of them have not taken "rational drug use" education; it was determined that 71.3% of workers recommended medications to patients who come to the pharmacy for any reason. Conclusion: Pharmacy workers have taken a big responsibility at the last step of "rational drug use". Although, they have not sufficient education, it is remarkable that they recommend medications to patients. Therefore, their training will contribute to rational drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare various software programs in detecting potential drug-drug interactions in a community pharmacy setting. Materials and Methods: Details of prescriptions were collected from 50 community pharmacies located in İstanbul in March and April 2015 (two days per week). From each pharmacy, the first 20 prescriptions that included more than one drug were collected to evaluate potential drug-drug interactions. The following software programs were utilized to detect potential drug-drug interactions: micromedexsolutions.com, medscape.com, and drugs.com. The number of potential interactions detected by the software programs was determined. Results: At least one potential drug-drug interaction was detected in 39.2% of the 1000 prescriptions by one of the software programs. According to the rates of total drug-drug interactions gathered from various software programs, these programs gave the following results: medscape.com 33.3%, drugs.com 31.3%, and micromedexsolutions.com 21.2%. Conclusion: After comparing different software programs, the potential drug-drug interactions found by the programs proved to be different. Therefore, we recommend that pharmacists confirm with a different program before making a decision when they detect clinically significant potential drug-drug interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir’deki eczacıların bakış açısından eczane teknisyenlerinin değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Metod: Bu çalışmanın eczacıları tesadüfî örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir ve kendilerinden konu ile ilgili soruları yanıtlamaları istenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 20 ve Microsoft Excel programları ile genel olarak ve genel içerisinde gruplara göre analiz edilmiştir ve bu analizler yüzde oran olarak verilerek grafiklerle gösterilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışma, eczacıların eczane teknisyenlerinden eczanedeki görevleri ve özellikleri, eğitim düzeyleri, tecrübeleri, ilaçlar ve eczane prosedürleri hakkındaki bilgileri ile ilgili beklentilerini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç: Bu anket çalışmasında, genelde ve alt gruplarda benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Genellikle eczacılar için eczane sisteminin en önemli kısmı reçete ve provizyon sistemidir; bu yüzden eczane teknisyenlerinin en çok bu alanda donanımlı olmalarını istemektedirler.

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Committed legal regulations in primary healthcare services have resulted in certain issues and requirements about community pharmacy practices in Turkey. A professional collaboration between general practitioners and pharmacists is essential for the continuity of care in primary care settings. Therefore, the aim of this was study to explore community pharmacists' opinions on collaborative care along with new primary care regulations. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire was implemented during a period of five months to a voluntary sample of community pharmacists. The questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice questions that allowed participants to select more than one answer wherever appropriate. Results: One hundred ninety-seven community pharmacists responded to the questionnaire; 66% were younger than 39 years and had less than 15 years' experience in the profession. In general, the pharmacists are willing to be involved in maintaining continuity of care, especially in patient counselling. However, 10.7% of participants indicated that the main reasons for not being actively involved in patient care were 'mainly dealing with explaining prescription co-payment procedures' and 'having unfavorable attitudes of other healthcare professionals'. They believed that their contributions were restricted by laws and regulations (14.2%) as well as declined perceived reputation (53.8%) of the profession among the public. Conclusion: Revealing misperceptions among patients and healthcare professionals, overcoming limitations of current practice and an understanding of each profession's responsibilities may lead to formation of a new and more effective model of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to demonstrate how physician, nurse and pharmacist are presented on Ekşi Sözlük, which is one of the social networking site. For this reason, ''doctor'', ''nurse'' and ''pharmacist'' have been searched on Ekşi Sözlük website. It was found that 142 headings for physicians, 157 headings for nurses and 117 headings for pharmacists were opened on Ekşi Sözlük website. 103 headings for physicians, 120 headings for nurses and 95 headings for pharmacists were classified according to the similarities. The repetitions, irrelevant and insulting discourses were excluded from the headings. The contents of the headings classified were examined and discourses in the headings were subjected to content analysis. The study revealed the lack of satisfaction from physicians, nurses and pharmacists on various topics and made suggestions for the elimination of negativity in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the current work, we aimed to carry out a research on the evaluation of pharmacy technicians from the perspective of pharmacists in Eskişehir. Material and Methods: The pharmacists of this test were chosen by random sampling method and they were asked to answer the questionary. The data of this test was analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Microsoft Excel programs in general and in subgroups, then those analysis were given in percentages and shown in graphs. Results: This survey revealed the expectation of pharmacists from their pharmacy technicians associated with their duties in the pharmacy and properties, education levels, professional experience, knowledge about medicines and pharmacy procedures. Conclusion: In this survey, similar results were obtained in general and in subgroups. Generally the most important part of pharmacy system for pharmacists is prescription and authorization system so they want pharmacy technicians to be most well-equipped in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutics, which is an indispensable addition to medical services for the treatment of disease, has turned into a profession that requires school education rather than being a craft branch barely in the nineteenth century. Therewithal, the teaching and performing of the pharmaceutics had experienced many changes. Civilian pharmacies began to operate in Istanbul in 1830, and in provincial cities in the second half of the nineteenth century. The medicine trade in the Ottoman cities became operational in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This paper tries to examine pharmacies, pharmacists and medicine dealers in one of the most prominent provincial towns in the Ottoman Empire, namely Bursa, in the framework of the development of medical activities in the of modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coined by al-A'mash, who had initially told it to praise Abū Hanīfah, the wellknown phrase "ايا معاشر الفقهاء! أنتم الأطباء ونحن الصيادلة/O the scholars of fiqh! You are akin to physicians and us to apothecaries!", points out the close relation between the studies of fiqh and hadīth. Many scholars and academics, including Al-A'mash himself have encouraged the muhaddith to pick up studies on fiqh, and the faqih on hadīth studies. Whereas the interpretation that 'the phrase implies the scholars of hadīth do not possess sufficient knowledge in terms of Islamic law and are oblivious to the elaborations on and interpretations of the hadīth that they study' is a misinterpretation which is certainly not in accordance with the intended meaning of the phrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AİM: This study aims to understand and manifest the health professionals point of views' (pharmacists and physicians) on direct to consumer drug advertisements as a part of patient right, who are members of Non Governmental Organisations (NGO). METOD: Focus group discussions and interviewing is used as one of a qualitative research method. In summer and fall of 2012, 3 group discussions were carried out with physicians and pharmacists. Participants' own opinions on direct to consumer drug advertisements, independent from their memberships of their NGO's, were talked and recorded via semi structured questions. All the group interviews lasted 1 to 2 hours. The assessments were done after the transcriptions. RESULTS and DISCUSSION: In this priliminary reserach, it is understood that, direct to consumer drug advertismets may harm the patient rights as well as human rights. The participants, phsicians and pharmacists, who are members of pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical profession association, declared and mentioned that, a global negotiation of drug industry, manufactırers, exporters,stake holders, pharmacists, community representers and governmental authority is needed on drug advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reason for choosing pharmacist as a professional group in this study is ease of access and application of the test to them, and the aim of the study is to determine descriptive personality profiles of pharmacist in the context of a model study. 106 women and 75 men pharmacists between the ages of 25-79 participated in the study carried out by Five Factor Personality Inventory (5FKE). The comparison group consisted of a total of 5477 people, men and women, between the ages of 25-87. The findings revealed that women pharmacists were more loner, tolerant, moderate, agreeable, altruist, orderly, compliant with the rules, conscientious, deliberate, provident, emotionally stable, easy - going, self-confident, abstract thinking, sensitive, and open to newness than the normative group. While men pharmacists were more loner, assertive, tolerant, moderate, and agreeable, altruist, orderly, compliant with the rules, conscientious, deliberate, provident, self-confident, abstract thinking and sensitive than the normative group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees' individual and social management behavior is a subject of organizational behavior discipline. Organisational commitment and job satisfaction concepts are widely studied items of organisational behavior researchers. The factors and results of job satisfaction and organization behaviour are related to each other. The services given by the health professionals are also affected by organizational commitment and job satisfaction and needed to be measured, impoved and searched. This review summarises the factors of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and researches conducted on health care givers including pharmacists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to document the management of dyspepsia by community pharmacies in two major cities of Pakistan; Islamabad (national capital) and Rawalpindi (twin city). A comparative, cross-sectional study was designed to document the management of dyspepsia including history taking and provision of advice at 238 randomly selected pharmacies through simulated patient visits in twin cities of Pakistan. Kruskal-Wallis test and Man-Whitney test (p ≤ 0.05) were used to compare management of dyspepsia by the dispensers working at community pharmacies handled by different provider types in the two cities. The simulated patients were dealt by a pharmacy salesperson in 75.6% (n= 180) of visits. Medication was dispensed in 73.5% (n= 175) of the visits, while in 10.9% (n= 26) of the cases the customer was referred directly to a physician. No significant difference at (p ≤ 0.05) was observed among history taking and advice provision in treatment of dyspepsia by the dispensers working at community pharmacies handled by different provider types and situated at different settings in the two cities. This study highlighted poor case management and dispensing practices of dyspepsia at community pharmacies in Pakistan. Absence of qualified people, lack of provision of advice and lack of professionalism by the dispensers are the main reasons for the poor quality of services at community pharmacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to design, implement and evaluate a patient monitoring process by involving community pharmacists in order to maintain continuity of care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study was undertaken in Glasgow between December 2001- November 2002, as a shortterm randomised controlled trial. Community pharmacists were randomly assigned to the study and the control group. The study group were intended to receive a methotrexate care plan issued by the rheumatology specialists and by the pharmacist at the hospital which is designed to enable the pharmacist to support the general practitioner in the patient monitoring role. The control group patients only received a methotrexate monitoring card in addition to their routine health care that they used to receive. During the recruitment period, 30 community pharmacists (17 in the control; 13 in the study group) and 59 patients (31 in the control; 28 in the study group) were involved. For the total patient population, 76% were female, 85% were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 13.3% with psoriatic arthritis and 1.7% with polyarthritis. The comparison between the frequency of the identified drug therapy problems in the hospital and in the community settings showed no statistically significant difference regarding the medication needs and safety problems (Chi-square test, p>0.05). There were significantly more drug therapy problems identified in the hospital clinics for the effectiveness and compliance problems (Chi-square test, p<0.05). In conclusion, pharmacists are in a distinct position to support patient care through identifying drug therapy problems, guidance on patient self-management and monitoring of the patients who potentially need extra vigilance in the community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based pharmacy, both hospital and community pharmacists use the best available evidence when making decisions for patients. In evidence based pharmacy, pharmacist should take into account the patient's situation, the values and conditions when making decisions. Evidence is the drug for the pharmacist and pharmacists can contribute to the formation of evidence with notification of adverse effects. Increasing patient expectations, aging population, advances in medical technology have increased the importance of evidence based pharmacy today. In evidence based treatment, medical errors and health care expenditures is reduced, the scientific evidence is increased with pharmacist's contribution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community pharmacists are one of the closest health care professional who can provide information to the diabetic patients about their disease and treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the role of community pharmacists on the life style changes of diabetic patients in Turkey. Questionnaires addressing issues which were important for their diseases and lifestyles were given to diabetic patients who visited the pharmacy of the researcher in Safranbolu (district of Kastamonu province). Patients were informed about the quality of lifestyle changes by the pharmacist, and then questionnaire forms were re-given. It was observed that 64% of the patients who participated in the first questionnaire were on a diet. After consultation with the pharmacist and having the necessary information, it was determined that 76 % of patients took up a diet. Results of the study suggest that pharmacists have a positive effect on life style changes of diabetic patients. Therefore community pharmacists should take a more active role in managing the life quality of patients who have chronic diseases such as diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The study was carried out as descriptive to determine the knowledge and practices about the subject emergency contraception of the pharmacists and their helpers in the pharmacies in central Manisa. METHOD: The universe of the research was formed by the 113 pharmacies registered to Manisa chamber of pharmacists in the year 2008 and all the pharmacies were included in the study. 47 pharmacists and 88 helpers agreed to join the study. The research which was planned to be descriptive March-to-June 2008. A questionnaire was produced by researchers and filled in during face-to face interviews with the pharmacists and their helpers. RESULTS: The pharmacists and their helpers stated that combined pills (46.8% and 44.5%) and condoms (41.5% and 42.7%) the most requested family planning methods their pharmacy. It was determined that 48.9% of the pharmacists, 33% of the pharmacist's helpers gave information to customers about their use of family planning methods, 38.3% of the pharmacists, 23.9 % of the pharmacist's helpers gave information what to do in case of failure to use/ where to apply to. 91.5% of the pharmacists, 95.5% of the pharmacist's helpers stated that they had emergency contraception (EC) purpose pills in their pharmacies. It was determined that 61.7% of the pharmacists, 28.4% of the pharmacist's helpers had the knowledge about EC, 61.7% of the pharmacists, 52.3% of the pharmacist's helpers could consider the EC methods true, 68.1% of the pharmacists, 70.5% of the pharmacist's helpers gave the correct answers to the question of when the EC - purpose pills would be used. 68.1% of the pharmacists, 45.5% of the pharmacist's helpers stated that EC methods might have adverse effects, 14.9% of the pharmacists, 25% of the pharmacist's helpers stated that EC methods were protect agains to STD or not information about it, 12.8% of the pharmacists, 9.1% of the pharmacist's helpers stated that these pills might be effective after the pregnancy occurred. It was determined that 53.2% of the pharmacists, 48.9% of the pharmacist's helpers got information about EC before. CONCLUSION: It was found out that the pharmacists and their helpers did not make enough counseling about the use of family planning methods, the knowledge level of the pharmacists and their helpers about emergency contraception was quite low, and they had some misinformation. It was also concluded that the pre-graduation education given to the pharmacists shout be upgraded with respect to adulth education principles so that they can act as EC consultants and wide-scale in-service aducation programmes which would also pharmacist's helpers, should be organized and participationin these programmes should be further ancouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electronic information resources (EIR) on drugs are increasing in parallel to the increasing number and type of drugs on the market. However, in Turkey, we did not encounter any study investigating the prevalance and the use of electronic information resources in drug market. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine the purpose of using drug related EIR and the benefits provided by this process. Our study was performed with 102 pharmacists in the districts of Atasehir, Kadiköy, Kartal, Pendik, Samandira, Umraniye and Uskudar, who accepted to participate in the present study. The questioneer consisted of questions about their demographic characteristics, level of knowledge about EIR and the frequency of their use of EIR. All of the pharmacist who participated in the study were using at least one EIR and %51 were using it for 6-10 years. Ninety nine percent of pharmacists (n = 101) reported that they did not receive any training on electronic information resources during their years in the school of Pharmacy. The pharmacist reported that they were using EIR mostly to give information to their patients. According to the present study, in the pharmacies EIR is used widely but not efficiently. We believe that the education programs in pharmacy schools should include lectures about the EIR on drugs and postgraduate training programs can be organized in cooperation with the marketing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many patients consult the pharmacists about their illness as well as the drugs they use; thus, it is essential to provide a good pharmacy practice and thus promote rational use of medicines. In the last century pharmacy profession consisted of compounding and dispensing medicines. As the compounding functions were significantly reduced recently, a new role was developed for the profession. The role of today's pharmacists needs to be expanded to include pharmaceutical care concepts, turning the pharmacist into a healthcare professional rather than a shopkeeper in a commercial enterprise. The mission of the pharmacy practice must be to provide medication as well as other health care products and services, and to help people and the society to make the best use of them. It also involves identifying, resolving and preventing drug-related problems, as well as encouraging proper use of medications, and general health promotion and education, thus improving clinical outcome of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounded drugs in pharmacies constitute negligible rate in the whole drug utilization. However, compounded drugs sometimes do not meet required standards and unfortunately their pharmaceutical specifications are not regularly controlled. In the present study, the amount of nitroglycerin active ingredient was measured in 23 nitroglycerin (0.4%) ointment samples prepared in 23 community pharmacies. In addition to the ingredient, the packaging and labeling were also evaluated. Our findings showed that 0.4% nitroglycerin ointment was prepared in only 4% of the pharmacies admitted. None of the compounded drugs met the acceptable (0.36-0.44%) range for 0.4% nitroglycerin content. Furthermore, nine of them were below the measurable value (<0.008%). The highest concentration of the compounded drugs was found 0.24%. Only three samples met the required active ingredient amount in terms of nitroglycerin and all of them were the pharmaceutical preparations of Rectogesic® with different serial numbers. Moreover, preparations compounded in the pharmacies lacked a proper packaging and labeling. We may conclude that there is a difficulty in accessing the above mentioned medication since the ointment was available in only 4% of the pharmacies and none of the preparations contained enough active ingredient. Only a few had proper package and adequate labeling. It seems that a regular auditing needs to be conducted for compounded drugs in the pharmacies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]