Search

Pakistan and Italy have a cordial economic relationship, and both countries have been working for economic development for many years. The objective of the study is to evaluate both countries' economic performance using three performance indicators—the debt-to-GDP ratio, the GNI per capita, and the unemployment rate—using data from the three years 2024, 2023, and 2022. We conducted document analysis and also employed thematic analysis to extract useful themes from the data. We arrived at several significant findings. The debt-to-GDP ratio for Pakistan is 71.8 percent in 2024, 77.1 percent in 2023, and 76.2 percent in 2022. Italy's debt-to-GDP ratio is 140.5 percent in 2022, 137.3 percent in 2023, and 139.2 percent in 2024. The projected GNI per capita for Pakistan is $1,560 in 2022, $1,500 in 2023, and $1,470 in 2024. Pakistan is categorized as a lower middleincome country based on the available statistics. Pakistan's current GNI per capita status is not satisfactory, hence the country needs to improve its situation. The rate of unemployment in Pakistan was 5.6% in 2022, 5.5% in 2023, and 8% in 2024. The unemployment rate in Italy is 7.8% in 2024, 7.7% in 2023, and 8.1% in 2022. The debtto-GDP ratio, GNI per capita, and unemployment rate indicated that Pakistan's economy needed sustainable policies. Pakistan's and Italy's economic circumstances are strategically significant, thus both nations must improve their institutional frameworks for the advantage of their citizens. Pakistan and Italy ought to cooperate to boost investment and trade. The findings recommend Pakistan adopt Italy's the best economic development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the transboundary nature of air pollutants, a province's efforts to improve air quality can reduce PM2.5 concentration in the surrounding area. The inter-provincial PM2.5 pollution transport could bring great challenges to related environmental management work, such as financial fund allocation and subsidy policy formulation. Herein, we examined the transport characteristics of PM2.5 pollution across provinces in 2013 and 2020 via chemical transport modeling and then monetized inter-provincial contributions of PM2.5 improvement based on pollutant emission control costs. We found that approximately 60% of the PM2.5 pollution was from local sources, while the remaining 40% originated from outside provinces. Furthermore, about 1011 billion RMB of provincial air pollutant abatement costs contributed to the PM2.5 concentration decline in other provinces during 2013–2020, accounting for 41.2% of the total abatement costs. Provinces with lower unit improvement costs for PM2.5, such as Jiangsu, Hebei, and Shandong, were major contributors, while Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, bearing higher unit costs, were among the main beneficiaries. Our study identifies provinces that contribute to air quality improvement in other provinces, have high economic efficiency, and provide a quantitative framework for determining inter-provincial compensations. This study also reveals the uneven distribution of pollution abatement costs (PM2.5 improvement/abatement costs) due to transboundary PM2.5 transport, calling for adopting inter-provincial economic compensation policies. Such mechanisms ensure equitable cost-sharing and effective regional air quality management.

Through this article, the author aims to present the role of the EBITDA indicator in measuring the financial performance of a company by analyzing its operational profitability. Both the advantages of using this indicator and the shortcomings of using its interpretations were pointed out. Since the method of determining the indicator does not take into account expenses related to debt financing, hence the acronym EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization). EBITDA informs about the amount of profit earned by the company before paying interest, taxes, amortization and depreciation. The profitability of operating activity, quantified by gross operating surplus (EBE or EBITDA) is the most relevant measure of a company's performance, as it reflects its return on its core business, namely production of goods and/or provision of services and marketing activity. Although the financial result can have a considerable impact on the profitability of the firm, the basis of the company's earnings must be its operating activity, since it groups together the operations that the economic entity currently carries out in order to obtain profit.

In Turkey, the housing market is affected by various factors, and housing prices are shaped according to current conditions. In this study, the relationship between the housing price index (HPI) and economic variables (inflation and exchange rate) in Turkey was investigated. We used a 10-year time period for this study, from January-2010 to December-2019, with monthly data frequency. For our research, we employ the Wavelet Coherence Transformation (WCT) method. The results show that there is a positive relationship between inflation and housing prices in the short and long run. In addition, a continuous rise in inflation led to an increase in housing prices all over the period from 2010 to 2019. The findings of this study can aid in achieving the goal of the research by offering evidence-based perceptions of how housing prices and different economic variables are related. Housing costs in Turkey increased as a result of the substantial likelihood that the Turkish lira would weaken. The expansion of global inflation is a further anticipated factor contributing to the rise in housing costs in Turkey. This study can also be used by investors to help them decide whether to engage in the Turkish real estate industry.

The research is conducted to examine the relationship between suicide rate and the macroeconomic indicators of high-income countries according to the World Bank income classification. In the research, the independent variables comprise of the economic variables, and the dependent variable is the suicide rate seen in a country. An econometric model with a random effects approach is developed for the effect of the specified independent variables on suicide rate in the population. As a result of the analysis, a 1%increase in the Gini index value may cause an increase of 0.26% in the suicide rate; income distribution disorders directly affect the suicide rate and increase suicide; and a 1% increase in the unemployment level causes 0.02% increase in the suicide rate. In addition, it is stated that there is a negative correlation between income per capita and suicide rate, and a 1% increase in income per capita may cause a 0.10% decrease in the suicide rate. Within the scope of the research, suicide rate, which is an important indicator of society, can be examined in different income groups or in similar income groups within the scope of different variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, the housing market is affected by various factors, and housing prices are shaped according to current conditions. In this study, the relationship between the housing price index (HPI) and economic variables (inflation and exchange rate) in Turkey was investigated. We used a 10-year time period for this study, from January-2010 to December-2019, with monthly data frequency. For our research, we employ the Wavelet Coherence Transformation (WCT) method. The results show that there is a positive relationship between inflation and housing prices in the short and long run. In addition, a continuous rise in inflation led to an increase in housing prices all over the period from 2010 to 2019. The findings of this study can aid in achieving the goal of the research by offering evidence-based perceptions of how housing prices and different economic variables are related. Housing costs in Turkey increased as a result of the substantial likelihood that the Turkish lira would weaken. The expansion of global inflation is a further anticipated factor contributing to the rise in housing costs in Turkey. This study can also be used by investors to help them decide whether to engage in the Turkish real estate industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese sulfate solution would be affected by various factors in electrolytic production of manganese. When different electrolysis time was controlled, the effects of current density on the growth law of cathode manganese, the current efficiency, cell voltage and energy consumption in the electrodeposition process were studied. The results showed that too low or too high current density was not conducive to the growth of manganese grains. When the current density was about 450 A/m2, the manganese grains grew uniformly with spherical morphology and the cathode manganese sheet had high density. The α-manganese with good crystallinity and high density was obtained after electrodeposition for 10 h. Under this current density, the current efficiency of manganese deposition was high, the cell voltage was stable, and the energy consumption was low. The average current efficiency was 71.656%, the cell voltage fluctuated between 3.89 and 3.95 V, and the average energy consumption was 5.33 kW h/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The break-even point is one of the most used tools when carrying out financial analysis in order to make the most appropriate business decisions, the calculation and result of this tool is used to determine the economic amount in sales and the volume of units of products or necessary services to cover operating expenses and variable costs, showing its result that there is no profit or loss in the business activity, thus achieving the operating break-even point

In the decade of 1979-1988, there was no development plan in Iran. During 1989-2022, six development plans implemented in Iran’s economy. The assessment of development plans conducted based on the performance and the results of economic indicators over the period. Economic Growth over the course of development plans was volatile. There has been a double-digit inflation rate over the course of the development plans and Productivity and the distribution of income indices were volatile. The challenges of planning in Iran include lack of common understanding on basic concepts of development plans, challenges of comprehensive plan, essential change due to external shocks, time span, parallel initiatives, coordination failure and lack of independent evaluation entity.

A new technique is suggested in this paper for optimal electrical power energy production and demand forecasting in China. The paper provides a new improved design of the Search and Rescue algorithm for better optimization of the forecasting models. This study is performed based on three scenarios on the electrical power energy production and demand in the period 2020–2050. The study utilizes linear and quadratic models for electricity energy production and demand prediction of the analyzed scenarios. The improved Search and Rescue algorithm in the study is designed based on import and export, gross domestic product (GDP), and population. All of the models based on the scenarios are applied for optimal prediction of electrical power energy generation and demand. The results show that the proposed optimal quadratic models based on the Improved Search and Rescue algorithm provides the fittest results with economic indicators.

Measurements and perceptions of growth are often contrasting and, indeed, GDP growth does not necessarily imply an economic improvement that is felt by the population. In order to quantify this difference, we are developing an indicator of monetary well-being called "Real Feel GDP", which measures, in a money metric, the national average contribution of income to life satisfaction. It offers a retrospective view that is very different from that measured by GDP. For example, in the United States, Real Feel GDP stagnated between 1978 and 2020, while GDP tripled. The gap between Europe and the United States has widened in terms of GDP per capita, but it has narrowed in terms of Real Feel GDP per capita, with countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Finland and France even overtaking the United States. We also see that economic crises last much longer as measured by Real Feel GDP growth, up to a decade, compared to one or two years with the conventional measurement of growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa to determine the effect of adding sheep and cows rumen liquids to drinking water as a biological promoter and its effects on productive traits and economic indicator of meat broiler. 240 of one-day-old meat chicks (c.v Ross 308), sex unspecified with initial weight of 45 g were used. Chicks were raised for 35 days in closed hall divided into coops, 3 m2 in surface area for each and distributed randomly in four treatments with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks for each replicate). Treatments were as follows: T1 (control without adding rumen liquid), T2 (adding 1 mL L-1 sheep rumen liquid to drinking water), T3 (adding 1 mL L-1 cow’s rumen liquid to drinking water) and T4 (adding 0.5 mL L-1 sheep and cow rumen liquids to drinking water). Chicks were fed with rennet (starter) from the first day for 10 days and fed with grower from the 11th to 24th days then with finisher diet from 25th to 35th days. Results showed that adding sheep and cow rumen liquids together to the diet of broiler was gave the best outcome for the final live body weight, final weight gain, improving feed conversion rate and economic indicator. Most studied traits were not significantly differ when adding cow’s rumen liquid to drinking water alone, also all experimental treatments were not significantly differ for the total consumed feed and dressing percentage. Adding the sheep and cow rumen liquids together had positive impact on some productive traits and enhanced the economic indicator of meat broiler.

This study seeks to evaluate the economic implication of a biogas digester built from composite material to ascertain its cost effectiveness. The feasibility study conducted indicates that a brick made only of fixed dome digester costs between USD 3193.99 and USD 4471.59. This high cost is attributed to the construction material, thus prompting the need to use materials of lower cost for affordability and sustainability. Hence, the digester under study was made from composite material comprising high-density polyethylene (HDPE), bricks and cement. The inlet and outlet chambers were built using bricks and cement, while the digestion chamber was made from HDPE material. From the economic analysis conducted, the total initial investment cost of the biogas digester was reported to be USD 1623.41 with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 8.5%, discount payback period (DPP) of 2 years and net present value (NPV) of USD 1783.10. The findings equally revealed that the estimated quantity of biogas could replace 33.2% of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking gas. Moreover, the biogas daily yield of 1.57 m3 generates approximately 9.42 kWh of electricity, which costs about USD 1.54. Thus, the study recommends the use of composite material of plastics and bricks in constructing the biogas digester, as it is cost effective and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study disentangles the relationships that exist between the four indicators of corporate sustainable development: economic, environmental, social, and governance. We account for the potential bidirectionality of the relationships, control for the dynamic nature of the sustainability process, and address the endogeneity problem to appropriately analyze the sustainability process. We estimated a panel data from 734 U.S. companies from 2004 through 2016 by using the system generalized method of moments and find evidence of a clear dynamic nature of the businesses' sustainability process. The results show that the current levels of the four sustainable development indicators are strongly determined by the levels of these indicators in the two previous years. Our results also show that corporate sustainable development follows a virtuous circle. The relationships across the economic, environmental, and social indicators are bidirectional and positive. Hence, these three sustainability indicators do not compete for available resources. On the contrary, they are tightly interconnected in a firm's sustainable development processes. Therefore, practitioners and regulators should consider these indicators simultaneously to promote sustainability in businesses and apply long-term sustainability policies. Altogether, our evidence supports the idea that firms can do good by doing well, and they do well by doing good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the decade of 1979-1988, there was no development plan in Iran. During 1989-2022, six development plans implemented in Iran's economy. The assessment of development plans conducted based on the performance and the results of economic indicators over the period. Economic Growth over the course of development plans was volatile. There has been a double-digit inflation rate over the course of the development plans and Productivity and the distribution of income indices were volatile. The challenges of planning in Iran include lack of common understanding on basic concepts of development plans, challenges of comprehensive plan, essential change due to external shocks, time span, parallel initiatives, coordination failure and lack of independent evaluation entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa to determine the effect of adding sheep and cows rumen liquids to drinking water as a biological promoter and its effects on productive traits and economic indicator of meat broiler. 240 of one-dayold meat chicks (c.v Ross 308), sex unspecified with initial weight of 45 g were used. Chicks were raised for 35 days in closed hall divided into coops, 3 m² in surface area for each and distributed randomly in four treatments with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks for each replicate). Treatments were as follows: T1 (control without adding rumen liquid), T2 (adding 1 mL L-1 sheep rumen liquid to drinking water), T3 (adding 1 mL L-1 cow's rumen liquid to drinking water) and T4 (adding 0.5 mL L-1 sheep and cow rumen liquids to drinking water). Chicks were fed with rennet (starter) from the first day for 10 days and fed with grower from the 11th to 24th days then with finisher diet from 25th to 35th days. Results showed that adding sheep and cow rumen liquids together to the diet of broiler was gave the best outcome for the final live body weight, final weight gain, improving feed conversion rate and economic indicator. Most studied traits were not significantly differ when adding cow's rumen liquid to drinking water alone, also all experimental treatments were not significantly differ for the total consumed feed and dressing percentage. Adding the sheep and cow rumen liquids together had positive impact on some productive traits and enhanced the economic indicator of meat broiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and reduce waste in PT Rajapaksi Adya Perkasa manufacturing company. The analysis uses the concept of green productivity with Green Value Stream Mapping as the analysis model. Through the GVSM current state, this study calculates the amount of green waste in the production line including seven green waste. The result of this study shows an improvement to minimize the waste that occurs through the GVSM future state. GVSM technique increases the green productivity value from 1.12 to 1.81.

The United Nations action plan Agenda 21 has represented a milestone toward Sustainable Development. On its 40th Chapter, it is introduced the requirement to dispose of an accurate and continuous collection of information, essential for decision-making. Besides bridging the data gap and improving the information availability, it is highlighted the need to dispose of sustainable development indicators, in order to assess and monitor the performances of countries toward sustainability. In this paper, we develop an improvement of a new indicator, recently introduced linking environmental anthropic footprint and social and industrial targets. Here, we suggest a link with the Income Index, in order to consider also a condition of people well-being. Our results consists in an improvement of the present approaches to sustainability; indeed, we link the socio-economic considerations, quantified by the Income Index and the Human Development Index, to the engineering approach to optimization, introducing the thermodynamic quantity entropy generation, related to irreversibility. In this way, two different new indicators are introduced, the Thermodynamic Income Index and the Thermodynamic Human Development Index, which quantitatively express a new viewpoint, which goes beyond the dichotomy between socio-economic considerations on one hand and engineering and scientific approach to sustainability on the other one. So, the result leads to a unified tool useful for the designing of new policies and interventions for a sustainable development for the next generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the performance and techno-economic analysis of micro-hydropower plant consists of array of Helical Savonius hydrokinetic turbines (HSHKT). In this study, an optimal inter-turbine distance (L) and two specific HSHKT array formations, i.e., triangular and staggered are considered on a 69 m river stretch corresponding to a study area of 2.36 km2. River free stream velocity ranges between 0.88 and 1.88 m/s. Sensitivity analyses were carried out in HOMER software based on the free stream velocity and electric load to investigate the feasibility of the standalone hydrokinetic turbine renewable energy systems (RES) suitable for the rural community. Further, optimization analyses were performed considering minimum total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE). The optimum RES consists of triangular formation of 24 numbers of HSHKTs, with 524 kWh/d electrical load, 187 numbers of battery and converter of 46 kW, having COE of Rs 8.22/kWh, TNPC of Rs 14.5 × 106 and electric production of 399.5 MWh/yr. TNPC and COE of triangular formation are 4.83% and 9.12% less than staggered formation, whereas electric production of the triangular is 4.99% more than the staggered formation. Thus, based on economic and energy indicators triangular array formation is considered as best for RES configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the transboundary nature of air pollutants, a province's efforts to improve air quality can reduce PM 2.5 concentration in the surrounding area. The inter-provincial PM 2.5 pollution transport could bring great challenges to related environmental management work, such as financial fund allocation and subsidy policy formulation. Herein, we examined the transport characteristics of PM 2.5 pollution across provinces in 2013 and 2020 via chemical transport modeling and then monetized inter-provincial contributions of PM 2.5 improvement based on pollutant emission control costs. We found that approximately 60% of the PM 2.5 pollution was from local sources, while the remaining 40% originated from outside provinces. Furthermore, about 1011 billion RMB of provincial air pollutant abatement costs contributed to the PM 2.5 concentration decline in other provinces during 2013-2020, accounting for 41.2% of the total abatement costs. Provinces with lower unit improvement costs for PM 2.5 , such as Jiangsu, Hebei, and Shandong, were major contributors, while Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, bearing higher unit costs, were among the main beneficiaries. Our study identifies provinces that contribute to air quality improvement in other provinces, have high economic efficiency, and provide a quantitative framework for determining inter-provincial compensations. This study also reveals the uneven distribution of pollution abatement costs (PM 2.5 improvement/abatement costs) due to transboundary PM 2.5 transport, calling for adopting inter-provincial economic compensation policies. Such mechanisms ensure equitable cost-sharing and effective regional air quality management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The aim of this article is to analyze the economic and financial performance of Slovenian enterprises, as a European Union (EU) member state case study. A favorable economic and financial performance is crucial for long-term sustainable enterprise growth and survival. Eight economic and financial performance indicators are used to evaluate the sustainability in the growth of enterprises: seven of them are financial indicators--assets, revenues from sales, equity, net profits, operating efficiency, return on equity, and value added per employee--while the eighth variable is the economic indicator for the number of employees. A distinction is made between enterprises that did and that did not receive subsidies from national and EU funds. Three enterprise-level data sources are combined in the empirical analysis: balance sheet data from enterprise accounts, own surveys data, and government data on public subsidies to enterprises. The mean values and standard deviations of economic and financial indicators based on balance sheet data for the years in two financial periods are estimated. The summary statistics for economic and financial indicators and correlation analysis are conducted and the results of the economic and financial indicators are compared using the parametric paired sample two-tailed t-test that allows comparison between the enterprises in the two financial periods. An increase in the economic and financial indicators is investigated by comparing the enterprises that did receive subsidies with the enterprises that did not receive subsidies in the two financial periods. The empirical results confirm that the value added per employee is the only financial indicator where a positive link is found between the financial indicator and subsidies. The results suggest that subsidies can be important for cash flow into enterprises, but entrepreneurial activities are crucial for favorable economic and financial performance and long-term sustainable growth in a competitive market environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study seeks to evaluate the economic implication of a biogas digester built from composite material to ascertain its cost effectiveness. The feasibility study conducted indicates that a brick made only of fixed dome digester costs between USD 3193.99 and USD 4471.59. This high cost is attributed to the construction material, thus prompting the need to use materials of lower cost for affordability and sustainability. Hence, the digester under study was made from composite material comprising high-density polyethylene (HDPE), bricks and cement. The inlet and outlet chambers were built using bricks and cement, while the digestion chamber was made from HDPE material. From the economic analysis conducted, the total initial investment cost of the biogas digester was reported to be USD 1623.41 with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 8.5%, discount payback period (DPP) of 2 years and net present value (NPV) of USD 1783.10. The findings equally revealed that the estimated quantity of biogas could replace 33.2% of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking gas. Moreover, the biogas daily yield of 1.57 m3 generates approximately 9.42 kWh of electricity, which costs about USD 1.54. Thus, the study recommends the use of composite material of plastics and bricks in constructing the biogas digester, as it is cost effective and sustainable.

Abstract. The first cryptocurrency was born in 2008. Already today, virtual financial assets and tokens are a significant part of trading in global financial markets. The cryptocurrency market capitalization currently exceeds 600 billion U.S. dollars. However, there is a lot of discussion about cryptocurrency functions and the correlation between Bitcoin prices and the basic economic indices. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to define the statistical substantiation of the influence of fundamental economic indicators on the market of virtual financial assets and the possibility of using cryptocurrency as the investment assets. This article is based on the theoretical principles and methods of econometric analysis; the system approach methods to define the main vehicles and trends of the international financial market. The study presents correlation analysis, regression models with paired and multiple variables. For these models, R-Studio instruments are the main tools of quality estimation and results interpretation. The article shows the results of the correlation analysis of Bitcoin’s U.S. dollar price dynamics and changes in the main stock, monetary market indicators, cryptocurrencies market tendency, levels of the United States fundamental economic indicators for the period from 2014 to 2021. Traditional multifactorial regression models are used to determine the level and the impact of individual indicators of the world stock market at the U.S. dollar price of Bitcoin. A comparison of the level of volatility of key investment financial assets in the market of cryptocurrencies and stock markets is carried out. The authors determine the level of correlation dependence and make a regression model of the impact of fundamental economic indicators and stock market trends on the dynamics of U.S. dollar prices for key cryptocurrencies. The article presents conclusions on trends and problems of using cryptocurrencies as an investment asset, considering volatility and profitability. Implementation of the results allows to clarify the economic essence of cryptocurrencies as a specific financial vehicle, as well as improving the existing models of investment management, considering the statistical characteristics of the virtual financial assets. The main direction of further research is to build models of medium-term prediction of prices for the main cryptocurrencies as an investment asset in conditions of changes in global financial markets, which must consider the fundamental economic indicators of the world economy and trends on key stock and commodity markets. Keywords: virtual financial asset, cryptocurrency, bitcoin, econometric model, financial market, economic indicator, investment asset. JEL Classification D53, E44, G15, C58 Formulas: 3; fig.: 3; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 31.

Recently, a new bioeconomic indicator has been introduced in order to avoid the difficulties in evaluating the process and technologies for sustainability. Indeed, the indicator has been based on the exergy and irreversibility analysis. The aim of this paper is to highlight how this new indicator could be used for the analysis of climate and weather changes. To do so, the thermoeconomic bases of the indicator are developed in order to link them to the thermodynamic analysis of the Earth system. The result is to describe analytically the effect of the anthropic activities on the Earth system, related to the variation of the Earth internal energy. So, this internal energy variation is linked to the increase in the intensity of the present rainfalls, by using the concept of mass of water vapour present in the dry air, used in the thermodynamic analysis of moist air. It is possible to point out the effect on the increase in mass of water vapour in the atmosphere, due to the increase in the mean Earth temperature and the related partial saturation pressure of water vapour itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last message to the people of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the President set the task of improving the quality of life and improving the economic condition of rural areas. An important step towards this task is to study rural areas and determine their level of economic development. In this article describes a methodology of evaluation of rural territories with the use of indicators, including the indicator of economic development. Statistical data of various economic sectors of the districts of Pavlodar region were systematized. In the course of the study, a rating assessment of the economic indicators of each district was calculated, as a result of which it became possible to classify them into types. The result of this article is the division of rural areas of Pavlodar region into three types according to the level of economic development, a map was compiled describing these types, showing the pros and cons of each of the sectors of the economy, which allows us to understand which of them should be improved in the future. A sample of special measures that can be carried out in the districts and villages of the region in accordance with the identified types is shown. Based on these measures, it is determined what work should be carried out in each district. At the same time, the word about the level of quality of life in each rural area was raised, and its importance in the present day was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canonical correlation analysis, which is one of the multivariate statistical methods, is an alternative to multivariate regression analysis and it reveals the relationship between the variable sets. In this study, Canonical Correlation Analysis and Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis are studied practically. In the application part, various data of 31 countries including EU Countries in 2015 are used. Considering that there is a multidimensional relationship between human investments and economic indicators of the countries, the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is applied in order to reveal these relationships. In addition to variable sets of human investments and economic indicators, a new variable set which is expressed to investments for development is added to application for Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis (PCCA). Afterwards, the study is terminated with detailed interpretations.

This study provides evidence on the role of public firms' financial reports in the state‐bond secondary market. I investigate the informational role of corporate earnings announcements and find that public firms' monthly earnings signals aggregated to the state level are positively associated with contemporaneous state‐bond returns. Further analyses reveal that public firms' earnings announcements predict traditional economic indicators and contain incremental information that is independent of the traditional economic indicators. In cross‐sectional analyses, I show that the earnings–returns relation is especially pronounced when bondholders face longer investment horizons and higher credit risks. Taken together, the evidence indicates a positive externality of corporate financial reports in alleviating the opacity in the municipal bond secondary market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bur gherkin cultivation is predominantly carried out without a staking system, but problems such as the “white belly” and fruit rot occur in this system. This study aimed to evaluate staking systems for bur gherkin plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (no staking,agricultural netting staking, Mexican staking, vertical ribbon with total secondary stem thinning and vertical ribbon with alternate secondary stem thinning) and four replicates. The fresh mass and number of fruits per plant, fruit length and average diameter, number and fresh mass of fruits with white belly per plant, fresh mass per fruit and total yield were evaluated, as well as the economic indicators gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability index. For all the staking systems, the incidence of fruits with white belly was lower. The agricultural netting (43.75 t ha-1), Mexican (35.94 t ha-1) and vertical ribbon with alternate secondary stem thinning (22.24 t ha-1) systems promoted yields superior to that for no staking. The best economic indicator (US$ 21,031.46 ha-1) was observed for the agricultural netting staking, which is the most recommended for the bur gherkin cultivation.

The aims of the present study were to provide a portrait of the techno-economic status of dairy herds in Minas Gerais, Brazil, particularly with respect to bulk-tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) data, and to examine the herd-level associations of BTSCC with various economic performance indicators (EPI). Data from 543 herds, 1,052 herd-year records in total, spread over 3 years (2015–2017), from the South and Southwest mesoregions of Minas Gerais State were provided by the Brazilian Support Agency to Micro and Small Companies Division Minas Gerais (SEBRAE). Herds had an average of 82 lactating cows per herd, milk yield of 17 L/cow per day, and availability of financial information via routine monthly economic surveys. The EPI data (revenue, gross margin, GM; net margin, NM; profit; break-even point; and operational profitability) of each herd was measured monthly by SEBRAE personnel, and herd-year averages of all variables were computed. Bulk-tank data (SCC, total bacterial count, content of crude protein and fat) taken by producers or dairy processors were recorded by SEBRAE personal; and corresponding herd-year averages were calculated and included in the SEBRAE database. There were 209 selected herds, which passed all edit checks, and which had data for all 3 years. The EPI (all expressed on a per-cow basis, $/cow per year) were analyzed, including the effects of region, year, log (ln) BTSCC, production level, and herd size, together with the random effect of herd nested within region. A high proportion of herds (94.6%) presented data records (herd-years) with an average BTSCC > 200 × 103 cells/mL: 37.8% of herd-year records had BTSCC between >200 and ≤400, 14.5% with BTSCC between >400 and ≤500, 25% with BTSCC between >500 and ≤750, and 17.3% with BTSCC >750. For each unit increase in ln BTSCC, revenue declined by $228.5/cow per year, GM by $155.6/cow per year, and profit by $138.6/cow per year. Herds with cows of lower production (<14 kg/d) presented lower GM ($286.8/cow per year) compared with herds containing cows producing ≥14 kg/d (≥14 and <19 kg/d = $446.5, and ≥19 kg/d = $601.9). The small-scale milk producers (<39 lactating cows) presented lower revenue ($1,914.9/cow per year) and GM ($274.5/cow per year) and consequently a negative profit (−$224.1/cow per year) compared with other herd size categories (≥39 lactating cows). The reduction in milk yield was 641 L/cow per lactation for each unit increase in ln BTSCC; this represented 9.4% of the milk yield per lactation, assuming an average milk production of 6,843.3 L/cow per lactation of cows from herds that had BTSCC ≤ 200 × 103 cells/mL. Consequently, we found a negative association of BTSCC with profit; profit declining from $227.0 to −53.1/cow per year when the BTSCC increased from 100 to 750 × 103 cell/mL. In short, the lower the BTSCC, the greater the revenue, GM and NM, profit, and operational profitability of the herds. The reduction of milk yield was the main factor associated with higher BTSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and reduce waste in PT Rajapaksi Adya Perkasa manufacturing company. The analysis uses the concept of green productivity with Green Value Stream Mapping as the analysis model. Through the GVSM current state, this study calculates the amount of green waste in the production line including seven green waste. The result of this study shows an improvement to minimize the waste that occurs through the GVSM future state. GVSM technique increases the green productivity value from 1.12 to 1.81. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is concerned with the problems of growth of economic potential of the State in the world market. On the basis of a carried out analysis of scientific literature, current economic studies, comparative characteristics of both successful and poor countries of the world, as well as application of the results of mathematical models, are determined the main factors that are unfavorable for Ukraine’s economic growth. Numerous examples are provided, also, on the basis of analysis of economic situation of other countries, the main directions and opportunities of economic growth of Ukraine are outlined.

ر عصر توسعه که نیاز جامعه به شهروندانی با سبک زندگی اقتصادی مبتنی بر توسعه متناسب با فرهنگ بومی خود مبرم است، روزآمد کردن آموزش و ایجاد تغییرات در برنامه های درسی آنها متناسب با شاخص های اقتصادی سبک زندگی امری ضروری محسوب می گردد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین میزان انطباق محتوا و اجرای برنامه درسی دوره ابتدایی با شاخص های اقتصادی سبک زندگی مبتنی بر توسعه اسلامی- ایرانی با روش پیمایشی- تحلیلی است. به منظور گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و تحلیل محتوای کتابهای درسی استفاده شد .این پژوهش بر روی نمونه ای متشکل از معلمان مناطق 2، 6 و 12 (176n=) شهر تهران و کتابهای درسی دوره ابتدایی در سال تحصیلی 94-1393 انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میزان توجه معلمان به آموزش شاخص های اقتصادی سبک زندگی مبتنی بر توسعه اسلامی- ایرانی از دیدگاه خودشان بالاتر از متوسط بوده است و محتوای برنامه درسی دوره ابتدایی به مقو له تلاش و پشتکار بیشترین توجه را داشته است و به مقوله پرهیز از مصرف گرایی کمترین توجه را داشته است

Social media has been used as both a communication tool and a policy evaluation tool in the public sector. Moreover, it has gradually become an important source for big data analytics in policymaking. However, little academic research has focused on the socio-technical problems that stem from the use of social media as a source for big data analytics in the public sector. This paper sheds light on such problems by focusing on several economic development indicators from social media analytics in the Japanese government. The author analyses three types of challenges identified in previous literature on big data analytics: (1) governance and privacy, (2) organisational settings, and (3) quality and bias of the data. The analysis reveals that the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) has tackled the problems by (1) collecting data from a study group, (2) involving academically and/or industrially highly skilled professionals across the public and the private sectors, and (3) giving explanations for the developed indicator. This paper concludes with some recommendations for other governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]