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Les Thérapies cognitives et comportementales (TCC) explorent les schémas de pensée en lien avec les troubles psychiques, agissant sur le plan cognitif, comportemental et émotionnel, selon des protocoles structurés et validés. Les représentations culturelles du patient peuvent être questionnées dès l'étape initiale de l'Analyse fonctionnelle (AF), permettant ainsi l'adaptation des modèles TCC en situation transculturelle. L'AF interroge le trouble et son contexte. La Synchronie, selon le modèle SECCA (Cottraux), aborde les cognitions, les émotions et les croyances en lien avec la situation problématique. La Diachronie recueille les données structurales et d'anamnèse en lien avec le trouble. Une modélisation de l'AF peut être proposée en contexte transculturel, prenant en compte la construction sociale et culturelle du symptôme, de la maladie, du trouble, ou de la crise. L'AF, à travers l'adaptation du modèle SECCA et de la grille de lecture diachronique, s'adapte à la situation transculturelle et prend en compte les aspects relatifs à la culture, à l'exil, à la migration, au modèle étiologique, à l'itinéraire thérapeutique, au traitement traditionnel de la maladie, aux représentations du patient et à ses croyances. Elle questionne également la notion de famille et d'affiliations, de transmission, et ce qui relève chez certains patients du « monde invisible ». L'ajustement de l'AF en contexte transculturel interroge les représentations, le système de croyance et l'histoire individuelle et collective dans laquelle s'inscrit le patient. La sensibilisation des cliniciens à la question culturelle en TCC permet de mieux appréhender l'influence de celle-ci dans l'expression clinique des troubles psychiatriques, et leur conceptualisation par les patients, au-delà des stéréotypes et des représentations du thérapeute lui-même. Le modèle théorique de l'AF ainsi conceptualisé prend en compte la subjectivité du patient, mêlant l'approche transculturelle à la méthodologie cognitivo-comportementale et permet ainsi de s'adapter à nos patients du monde et à leurs singularités. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT) explore thought patterns related to psychological disorders, acting on the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional levels, according to structured and validated protocols. The patient's cultural representations can be questioned as early as the initial stage of Functional Analysis (FA), enabling CBT models to be adapted to transcultural situations. FA examines the disorder and its context. Synchrony, based on Cottraux's SECCA model, addresses the cognitions, emotions and beliefs associated with the problematic situation. Diachrony collects structural and anamnestic data related to the disorder. A model of FA can be proposed in a transcultural context, taking into account the social and cultural construction of the symptom, illness, disorder or crisis. By adapting the SECCA model and the diachronic reading grid, FA is adjusted to the transcultural situation, considering aspects relating to culture, exile, migration, the etiological model, the therapeutic itinerary, the traditional treatment of the illness, and the patient's representations and beliefs. It also questions the notion of family and affiliations, transmission, and what, for some patients, is the "invisible world". The adjustment of FA in a transcultural context raises questions about representations, belief systems and the individual, and the collective history of the patient. Raising the clinicians' awareness of the cultural issue in CBT helps them to better understand its influence on the clinical expression of psychiatric disorders and their conceptualization by patients, over and above stereotypes and the therapist's own representations. The theoretical model of FA conceptualized in this way takes into account the subjectivity of the patient, combining the transcultural approach with cognitive-behavioral methodology; and thus making it possible to adapt to our global patients and their singularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les exilés ont souvent vécu de multiples traumatismes et lorsqu'ils arrivent en France, ils restent en général dans une situation sociale précaire avec un certain nomadisme et un isolement important. L'offre de soins existante pour la santé mentale du public exilé n'est malheureusement pas suffisante actuellement ; aussi, multiplier les moyens et innover dans les prises en charge permettrait de soulager la pression de la demande. La présentation de l'État de Stress Post-Traumatique (ESPT) chez ce public est très fréquemment somatique, avec une errance diagnostique initiale fréquente. À travers trois vignettes cliniques, nous pouvons observer que le médecin généraliste formé, en tant que médecin de premier recours, peut déjà rétablir un lien de confiance qui est souvent rompu, redonner un certain sentiment de sécurité et apporter du soutien, ce qui est la base du soin dans le psychotrauma chez ces patients souvent déshumanisés, isolés et loin de leur environnement soutenant culturel. Il est possible pour le médecin de dépister, orienter, et prendre en charge selon ses compétences ces psychotraumatismes en étant une personne ressource et en utilisant une méthode complémentariste, tout en prenant en compte l'ensemble des symptômes présentés par les patients. Prendre en charge l'ESPT en situation transculturelle nécessite un décentrage indispensable et une prise en charge globale du patient, afin d'obtenir une alliance thérapeutique nécessaire à la qualité des soins. Or le travail en médecine générale est déjà dans cette démarche de raisonnement. Enfin, la continuité des soins dans la durée permet d'éviter les ruptures de soins qui peuvent alors être traumatogènes pour ces patients. Le travail du médecin généraliste permettra alors d'améliorer l'accès aux soins psychiques des exilés et développer des structures spécialisées dans le psychotrauma des personnes migrantes, tout en innovant dans la prise en charge. Exiles have often experienced multiple traumas, and when they arrive in France, they generally find themselves in precarious social situations, often with a certain level of nomadism and significant isolation. Unfortunately, the existing mental health care services available for exiles are currently inadequate, and more resources and innovative approaches to providing care would help alleviate the pressure of demand. The presentation of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in this population is often somatic, with frequent initial misdiagnoses. Through the study of three clinical vignettes, we are able to substantiate that a trained general practitioner, as the primary care physician, can readily establish a bond of trust that has often been broken, restore a sense of security, and provide support, which is at the core of trauma care for these patients who are often dehumanized and isolated, far from their supportive cultural environment. The general practitioner can screen, refer, and manage these psycho-traumas according to their competence, serving as a resource person and using a complementary approach while taking into account all the symptoms presented by the patients. Addressing PTSD in a transcultural context requires essential decentralization and comprehensive patient care to establish a therapeutic alliance necessary for quality care. This approach is increasingly being used in general medical practice. Additionally, the continuity of care over time helps prevent breaks in treatment, which can be traumatic for these patients. The treatment provided by the general practitioner will help to improve access to mental healthcare for refugees and to develop structures specialized in treating psychotrauma in migrant populations, while at the same time being innovative in patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores place–identity relationship by employing the concept of place-making in a prolonged exile context. It undertakes a study of the association of exiled Tibetan community with Dharamshala, the de-facto Tibetan capital-in-exile. I conceptualize this association through Tibetan place-making in two mutually inclusive processes. The first is the creation and recreation of an 'essentially Tibetan space' through visual and demographic landscape of the town. The second process constitutes the daily acts/practices that facilitate place-making. Consequently, I demonstrate the manner in which Tibetan place-making practices inculcate a sense of belonging with the place of residence thus depicting the association of place and identity among refugees. The article postulates the agency of Tibetan community in enabling visibility of Dharamshala as a marker of Tibetan exilic identity despite their marginal status as de facto refugees in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1950, exiles from all across Latin America met in Havana for a congress. The event's purpose was to unite those striving for a democratic Latin America, free from US imperialism and Soviet totalitarianism. This current of opinion was not marginal: it was enthusiastically backed by millions of voters in largely free elections across the continent. However, very little has been written on democracy in Latin America, particularly during the period explored in this paper, 1940–1960. Recent scholarship on the period has instead focused on the ideological struggle between capitalism and socialism. In this paper, I highlight two democratic congresses held in Latin America in 1950 and 1960, under the title Conferencia Interamericana Pro Democracia y Libertad. The conferences served as a forum to delineate a common definition of democracy for the continent, and to explore how it could take hold in Latin America. This paper thus reveals an ideological current independent from the superpowers, which tried to democratise the region against what participants identified as the twin evils of imperialism and totalitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small, two-verse interpolation of Ezekiel 47:22-23 is widely considered one of the most inclusive texts in the Hebrew Bible. Its instruction regarding the גרים allowed for full inclusion into the community that Ezekiel believed to be the true Israel. However, interpretations that view these verses as hyper-inclusive often view the גרים as foreigners. Such a view is largely based on understanding the term גר along linguistic rather than anthropological lines. This paper will explore the use of the term גר in both Ezekiel and the Holiness School to better understand the group envisioned by the author of Ezekiel 47:22-23. In so doing, I will demonstrate that these verses should not be understood simply along a binary of inclusive versus exclusive, but rather as part of a larger project of identity reformulation that occurred as part of a trauma process around the Babylonian exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plague at Noricum in Georgics 3 creates empty space (deserta). A geocritical analysis of the plague landscape and related spaces illuminates generic trajectories of Virgil's poem and its relationship to sociopolitical developments. Virgil energizes emptiness as negative space through a rhythmic relationship between objects and void, which both makes an aesthetic appeal and offers an opening for narrative. The plague narrative's emphasis on spatial disorder with reference to pastoral and to Lucretius shows emptiness as the outcome of historical and literary processes. The spatialized textuality of the plague also points toward epic and the aestheticized framing of imperial conquest in the Aeneid as a story about exile, invasion, and settlement. Virgilian emptiness attracts the gaze, and in the context of Augustan geopolitics, the potential that vacancies carry to be filled, including by state power and violence, eases the visualization of Noricum as potential Roman territory, but not without also confronting human subjectivities that have been impacted by exile and death. The spatial reality of the plague landscape is shaped out of divergent experiences, forced movement, and settlement or conquest, intersecting in generically complex, spatialized textuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty-first century has brought an upsurge in intellectual exile due to protracted crises: important migrant flows from Afghanistan, Syria, Ukraine and Venezuela, to name a few, include professionals with huge integration challenges due to collective trauma, language and recertification barriers. Based on original research with intellectual exiles in Canada, underemployment provokes emotional and physical damage that can be avoided through a more encompassing approach to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). I propose a model to redefine R2P in terms of hospitality and protection of people displaced by crises, including recognising their past credentials. Our model contributes to previous literature on skilled migration, bridging the fields of conflict resolution and the ethnography of forced displacement. I propose that credential recognition should be an integral part of R2P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between exile and artistic primitivism, focusing on the experiences of European artists who sought refuge in twentieth-century Brazil. It begins by looking at broad issues of acculturation to Brazilian society, through a cursory examination of the biographies of artists Carybé, Hansen-Bahia, and Pierre Verger, all of whom engaged directly with Afro-Brazilian culture in Bahia. It then proceeds to a detailed discussion of the concept of transcendental homelessness, drawn from Lukács's The Theory of the Novel, as an overarching category encompassing both exile and primitivism. It concludes with a case study of painter Dimitri Ismailovitch, born in Kyiv and active in Rio de Janeiro, whose work straddles the borderline between cultural appropriation and transculturation. The role of emulation, conversion, and the carnivalesque as strategies affording cultural conviviality is analyzed. How does the condition of exile overlap with racial difference, and can it play a role in overriding it? The intersection of the exilic imagination with diasporic imaginaries deserves further scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the study of three post-2000 novels appropriating Beowulf, whose common denominator is the amplification and humanization of the figure of Grendel's mother and the reconstruction of her potential personal history. The paper argues that multiple ambiguities concerning Grendel's mother in the poem render her a perfect vehicle for exploring modern assumptions concerning monstrosity, humanity, and femininity. By foregrounding the fact that the canonicity of Beowulf legitimizes the status quo that it represents, the paper elucidates the reasons for which modern female writers look to such an old and culturally remote text. They seem to recognize Beowulf as a carrier of cultural memory and, in their herstories, they often attempt to present the values that it espouses as the foundations of persistent objectification and oppression of women. The female authors also strive to point to the male appropriation of history and memory by presenting mechanisms leading to the dehumanization of Grendel's mother such as defamation, exile, and oblivion. Identifying Beowulf as a text written by a man, for men, and about men, they offer its feminist reclamations written by women, for women, and about women. The paper also discusses the alternative morality and wisdom represented by women in these modern novels as well as their criticism of traditional gender roles as social constructs which fail to appreciate female self-efficiency, resourcefulness, individualism, psychological strength, and stamina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the real-life experiences of Indonesian exiles, Leila S. Chudori's Pulang explores the journey of an exile of the New Order regime attempting to come to terms with the trauma of the 1965 tragedy, and the inherited trauma of his daughter, who returns to the country of her father's birth amid political turmoil. This research focused on revealing the discourse of exile as a victim who transmits their trauma to a subsequent generation, as well as the position of gender in the formulation of transmission, affecting the identification of trauma inheritance. Hirsch's postmemory perspective was employed to analyze the process of trauma inheritance, which was rarely found in Indonesian literary works, as were the historical descriptive, causality, and comparison methods. The trauma inheritance experienced by the first generation is the trauma of loss due to the 1965 tragedy, which was then passed down to a child. Familial transmission becomes the basis of trauma inheritance, strengthened by affiliate transmission, which was a work of authentication in Indonesia. Gender plays a role in the affectivity of transmission, wherein transmissions involving fathers (exiles) and daughters are just as trauma-creating triggers. It is noteworthy that affiliative transmission fosters intersubjectivity among non-exiled female characters who are closely connected to the first generation, thereby enhancing the inheritance of trauma more effectively than familial transmission. The first generation is exiled and identifies its trauma by remembering and bringing with it Indonesian features, in various forms. In contrast, the second generation does it more concretely by becoming a real Indonesian. These findings underpin how an exile's trauma stemming from the 1965 tragedy can be passed on to the second generation, through a transmission process, a journey back to Indonesia, and gender relevance. Pulang redefines an exile as a victim and as an effort for reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kein anderer deutscher Emigrant, der 1933 ins amerikanische Exil gegangen war und nach der Ausbürgerung aus Deutschland und dem Erwerb der amerikanischen Staatsbürgerschaft zum Emigranten wurde, ist nach dem Ende des zweiten Weltkriegs so oft nach Deutschland zurückgekehrt wie Paul Tillich. Auch wenn er die Remigration auf den Frankfurter Lehrstuhl ablehnte und auch Rufen an die Universität Hamburg und die Freie Universität Berlin nicht folgte, lehrte er als Visiting Professor an mehreren deutschen Universitäten. Auch hielt er vor zahlreichen Hörerinnen und Hörern Hunderte von Vorträge in westdeutschen Städten und im Westteil der einstigen deutschen Hauptstadt Berlin. Tillich wurde zu einer Projektionsfigur, zum Idealbild des guten Deutschen. Dies bezeugen auch die zahlreichen Ehrungen und Orden, mit denen er ausgezeichnet wurde. Die folgende Edition dokumentiert die Quellen, die zur Ehrung Tillichs mit dem „Großen Verdienstkreuz (Halskreuz)" Federal Order of Merit 1956 und fünf Jahre später, zu seinem 75. Geburtstag, mit dem „Großen Verdienstkreuz mit Stern" führten. No other German emigrant, who went into exile in America in 1933 and became an emigrant after expatriating from Germany and acquiring American citizenship, returned to Germany as often as Paul Tillich after the end of the Second World War. Even though he refused to remigrate to the Frankfurt chair and did not accept calls to the University of Hamburg and the Free University of Berlin, he taught as a visiting professor at several German universities. He also gave hundreds of lectures to numerous listeners in western German cities and in the western part of the former German capital Berlin. Tillich became a projection figure, the ideal image of the good German. This is also evidenced by the numerous honors and medals with which he was awarded. The following edition documents the sources used to honor Tillich with the „Great Cross of Merit (Neck Cross)" of the Federal Order of Merit in 1956 and five years later, on his 75th birthday, with the „Großen Verdienstkreuz mit Stern". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Norton (fl. 1770–1823) has long fascinated historians. After having been taken in by the prominent Mohawk leader Thayendanegea Joseph Brant as a young man, Norton claimed to imperial outsiders that he occupied a position of great influence among the Haudenosaunee. Norton bolstered this assertion with the improbable story that his own father had been Cherokee. While many historians have accepted Norton's claims, there is good reason to reconsider this view. Existing records, including Six Nations council minutes, suggest that not only did Norton misrepresent his ancestry, he greatly exaggerated his standing among the Grand River communities. Rather than an authentic representative of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, it appears much more likely that Norton mobilized his claims of Cherokee blood and Six Nations belonging in order to gain remarkable influence in the British Atlantic World. Recognizing the power of these claims, his opponents eventually succeeded in undermining Norton's self-presentation, eventually resulting in his political marginalization and ultimately in his exile from the Grand River under pain of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Profoundly original and deliberately shocking, innovative and puzzling at the same time, Roberto Bolaño (1953 – 2003) is now considered one of the most important Latin American writers of the 20th century. Born in Chile, he grew up in Mexico and then traveled across the South American continent, finally settling in Europe, in his steady attempt to establish his reputation of a poet and a novelist. His entire work represents a constant challenge to the literary critics, given the fact that he distinctively addressed some important universal issues (like human loneliness or the impossibility to establish an authentic connection and dialogue in the midst of an alienated society); but he is also famous for his particular way of meditating upon the often hidden meanings of exile in the contemporary world. His characters travel around the world as well as within themselves, in order to find their identity and to assert the truth of their own existence at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authoritarian regimes frequently reach across borders to repress against exiled dissidents. Existing scholarship has investigated the methods and effects of transnational repression. Yet, we lack knowledge of the role that the political context of a host country and its relations to the origin country of diasporas play in incidents of transnational repression. Addressing this gap, we use a Freedom House dataset on physical acts of transnational repression (2014–2020) to study how the regime type of the host country and the regional ties between the host and origin country influence the likelihood and type of transnational repression incidents. Conducting a logistic regression analysis with yearly directed dyads, we find that to target exiles in autocratic host states perpetrators primarily rely on the cooperation of authorities, whereas in democratic host states they resort more often to direct attacks. We also show that authoritarian cooperation on transnational repression is regionally clustered: it often occurs when home and host state are situated within the same authoritarian neighbourhood, and partly also when they are members in the same regional organization. Our article reveals some of the host state conditions and relational dynamics that shape the decisions and strategies of transnational repression perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an intensive—although still not exhaustive—reading of a letter written to the adolescent Lorenzo de' Medici by Braccio Martelli, a member of his brigata. It is a document that focuses on the celebrations accompanying the wedding of Lucrezia Donati, the object of Lorenzo's affections, to Niccolò Ardinghelli, an anti-Medicean living in exile. I examine some of the letter's multiple overlapping topics and contexts, including private sociability (wedding practices, music, dance, dress), the trophy status of Lucrezia, sexual and political tensions, and the ties between the letter writer and his addressee in terms of client/patron and homosocial relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper seeks to demonstrate how the recognition and study of women's exile narratives could bring new analytical and reflexive registers to the field of philosophical work on political punishment. In order to do this, first of all, a review of its classical, Greek and Roman origins is made, pointing out that, although the exile has varied over the centuries, there are certain constituent elements that are maintained in its contemporary applications. This leads us to observe the way that these constitutive elements of exile are present in a particular way in women's exile narrative writing - especially those of the last civil-military dictatorships of the Latin American Southern Cone. To recognise and include these women's experiential narratives in a highly masculinised textual and analytical corpus allows for new approaches and reflexive projections to the field of philosophical studies on exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the events leading to the overthrow of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz in 1954, examining its significance within the context of the Cold War in Latin America. Topics include the involvement of the CIA in the coup, the subsequent exile of Guatemalan revolutionaries to Mexico, and the challenges they faced while in exile, shedding light on a forgotten chapter of Guatemalan revolutionary history.

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the Cape's long rule by the Dutch East India Company, it served as a place of exile for hundreds of men from the Company's eastern empire. Among them was the ruler of Tambora, a tiny kingdom on Sumbawa in the Indonesian archipelago, who was twice-exiled. The Rajah and his family have been scrutinised recently in a study by Dr Najma Moosa. The present article gives additional information about the Rajah and his wife based on archival documents. It provides an introduction to his correspondence. An archival source which identifies his wife's link to Shaykh Yusuf is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a transnational comparison of the different public policies and individual strategies in the labour market insertion of women exiled after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1945) in the two main host countries: France and Mexico. In recent years, studies based on documentary sources or oral interviews from Mexico have shed light on the history of female exile in these terms, a task that is continuing in the French case. The aim of this research is to define the possibilities of insertion and the link with work of Spanish women in both countries, comparing the incidence of material conditions, exiled labor management policies and gender issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a dossier on female migrations between Spain and America in the 19th and 20th centuries from a sociocultural perspective. It highlights that migrations have been part of human history, both for personal reasons and due to political or social conflicts. It mentions that migrations between America and Europe have had a comprehensive impact on Latin American culture, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. The dossier seeks to make visible the role of women in the common history of Europe and Latin America, presenting four investigations that analyze female migratory processes from the most recent theoretical trends. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to analyzing and projecting María Zambrano's representation of Antigone's myth within contemporary debates about the recovery of the bodies of human victims in post-violence contexts. Beyond the mythic-religious framework in which The Tomb of Antigone seems to be located, it will be unraveled the different semantic and philosophical layers underlying Zambrano's re-reading of the Theban heroine. This will pave the way towards highlighting the subversive political potential of Antigone's gesture by embracing historical subjects traditionally marginalized from the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the traces of two Early Modern Arab figures dramatized in The Moor's Account (2014) by Laila Lalami and Leo Africanus (1992) by Amin Maalouf. Marginality, nomadism, and humanism are dramatized in the lives of Mustafa Al-Zammouri/Estebanico a black Arab from Zammour taken as a slave and sold to a Spanish conquistador who joined the Narvaez Expedition and Leo Africanus/Alhassan Alwazzan who was captured by Spanish pirates and sent as a gift to Pope Leo X (1475-1521) around the same time. The lives of those two Early Modern Arab travelers provide the flesh for a bicultural humanism that avoids jingoistic nationalism that is centered around ideas of the canon that excludes narratives and texts from 'the other world.' Bicultural humanism, I argue, is a unique space where both Maalouf and Lalami exercise their talent of recovering the lives of the silenced other and in doing so, challenge Orientalist stereotypes by creating dynamic narratives of Arabs and Muslims as complex nomad characters not essentialized violent multitudes enraged at Western modernity. Keywords: Bicultural Humanism, Amin Maalouf, Laila Lalami, Leo Africanus, Renaissance, Amphibious storytellers, Mustafa Al-Zammouri, Bicultural humanists Laila Lalami and Amin Maalouf are notable for writing back to the center from a humanistic point of view, while remaining aware of the highly charged context in [...]