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Management earnings forecasts (MEFs) may reduce information risk by corroborating the inferences that lenders draw from their private communication with borrowers. Consistent with this idea, we find that among firms with a general policy of issuing MEFs, those providing MEFs in the 6 months before loan origination with a forecast horizon beyond the origination date enjoy lower loan spreads. The frequency and precision of MEFs are also negatively associated with loan spreads. The associations are stronger when lenders' need for corroboration of their private information is expected to be greater. The associations are not driven by a firm's general information environment, signaling of managerial ability, opportunistic disclosure, or competition between public and private debt markets. Moreover, the issuance, frequency, and precision of MEFs are associated with loan amounts more spread out among participating lenders, suggesting that MEFs also reduce information asymmetry within a loan syndicate. Our study provides insight into the corroboration role of publicly disseminated MEFs in private loan markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library managers have acquired the skills to make better choices about deciding when to retire and in selecting options that lead to a successful retirement. The best situation is when the manager can voluntarily make the decision without any life factors that force the issue or efforts by the library to get the manager to retire. The reasons for retiring can include family obligations, time for other activities, and health concerns including work stress. Greater financial resources in retirement increase the manager's options, but waiting a year or two before making major decisions, such as moving makes sense. Some retirees will start a new life of leisure. Others may wish to volunteer or find paid employment including consulting, part-time work, or opening a business. Some will wish to continue their professional involvement, but others will reduce their service activities to make these opportunities available to the next generation. Managerial skills, such as planning, project management, and budgeting should lead to a more successful retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaders may be seen by their followers as miscalibrating the quantity of their communication—sharing too much or too little. We propose that leaders are more likely to be seen as under-communicating than over-communicating, even though under-communication is more heavily penalized. In Study 1a, we examine 2,717 qualitative comments from archived leadership assessments and find that leaders are nearly 10 times as likely to be criticized for under-communicating than for over-communicating. In Study 1b, we obtain further evidence of this bias using a representative sample of U.S. adults. In Study 2, we manipulate communication (mis)calibration, showing that leaders who under-communicate are viewed as less qualified for a leadership role because they are viewed as less empathic. In Study 3, we use separate measures of employee perceptions of their manager's communication as well as their preferences. When there is a lack of congruence between perceived and preferred communication, employees judge their leaders as lacking empathy and, in turn, leadership ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an empirical study on a new training program for the professional development of school inspectors and principals. The international literature reviews show that training based on the learning of managerial skills has limits. Another approach to training based on professional difficulties experienced and on authentic practice is necessary for school inspectors and principals. The study explores the effects of the training program "NeopassCadres" on the professional development of inspectors and school principals. A qualitative research design elaborated from a practice perspective and based on self‐confrontation interviews with inspectors and school principals who participated in the program "NeopassCadres". The results show the impact of the activity analysis on the professional development of inspectors and principals. The activity analysis is an opportunity to describe professional actions and difficulties, share experiences between peers, engage in professional debates on generic problems, identify progress in the practice, and assess the effectiveness of new actions. The study focuses on a case study in France. The number of participants is low; the results must therefore be supplemented by new studies on the impact of activity analysis on the professional development of inspectors and principals. The study contributes to the evolution of training for novice inspectors and novice school principals. The main contribution concerns the understanding of the process of professional development, linking it with individual and collective activity analysis. The other contribution relates to the evolution of the trainers' posture during viewing and analysis of videos. The study provides knowledge about training based on analyzing the "non‐visible" dimensions of actors' activity at work. The activity analysis method helps inspectors and school principals evoke difficulties, motives, intentions, and emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of managerial ability on bank loan contracting. We find that firms with higher‐ability managers obtain more favourable loan contract terms, including lower loan spreads, fewer covenants, and more short‐term maturities. Furthermore, the negative relation between managerial ability and loan spread is concentrated in firms with higher information asymmetry, higher default risk, or lower agency costs of debt. Finally, we find that firms with higher‐ability managers are more likely to choose public bonds over bank loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether (I) workmotive values influence the appraisal of specific work characteristics of significance for health and function and (II) subject variables impact workmotive values. Two aspects of work-motive values were studied: values that assign importance to pursuing one's personal goals and interests, internally based work-motive values (IntWMVs), and values that assign importance to external factors, externally based work-motive values (ExtWMVs). These aspects of motive values, age, gender, skill level, managerial role, and specific psychosocial work characteristics were analyzed in a cross-sectional sample of 12,994 employees in 101 private and public organizations. Twoyear follow-up prospective data from 6,252 employees in 69 organizations elucidated whether associations were stable over time. The results showed that IntWMV influenced reports of levels of control of decisions, empowering leadership, innovative climate, quantitative demands, feedback from work, and self-leadership. ExtWMVs were most consistently associated with role clarity. Skill level and managerial role were associated with reporting higher levels of IntWMVs and lower ExtWMVs. In conclusion, the present data support the assumption that work-motive values influence the appraisal, reporting, and consequently measurements of work characteristics. Managers differ from subordinates in work-motive values and may face challenges in ascertaining and supporting subordinates' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research suggests that generalist CEOs, who possess managerial skills that are transferrable across firms and industries, are more able to bear downside risk than specialist CEOs with non-transferrable managerial expertise. In this paper, we examine whether generalist CEOs are better positioned to engage in risky tax avoidance strategies than specialist CEOs. Our empirical results support this prediction and show that firms with generalist CEOs tend to engage in more tax avoidance than those with specialist CEOs. Our identification strategy includes an instrumental variable method and a difference-in-differences test using CEO turnover as a quasi-natural experiment to correct for endogeneities. A battery of robustness checks and cross-sectional tests strengthens our findings. Taken together, our findings imply that general managerial skills of CEOs matter more for tax planning than do specific managerial skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "AI-Driven Project Management: Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT to Achieve Peak Productivity and Success" by Kristian Bainey. The book explores how artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT, can transform project managers' everyday operations and provides guidance on integrating AI into project management practices. It emphasizes four key areas where AI can enhance project outcomes: decision-making and risk management, optimization and efficiency, innovation and strategic insights, and ethics, bias reduction, and quality control. The book is divided into six parts, covering various aspects of AI in project management, including practical applications, prompt engineering, AI implementation strategies, and the future impact of AI on project management. It also addresses the ethical implications and human factors surrounding the use of AI in project management. The book is suitable for project managers and team leaders in any industry who want to stay ahead in the age of intelligent automation. [Extracted from the article]

We examine whether managerial ability affects the relationship between corporate digital transformation and trade credit. To measure digital transformation, we perform a textual analysis of companies' annual reports using a customized Chinese dictionary containing digital transformation keywords based on national policy documents and academic literature. Using 10,554 observations from 2509 A‐shares listed companies in China, we show that corporate digital transformation has significantly impacted trade credit. Managerial ability enhances the relationship between digital transformation and received trade credit but does not change the impact between digital transformation and provided trade credit. A battery of robustness tests confirms the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to innovate and invest in research and development (R&D) activities to remain competitive. However, due to their liability of smallness, the returns from R&D in terms of financial performance may not be as expected in such firms. Combining the resource management perspective with managerial ability research, we elaborate upon how managerial ability influences the effect of R&D on the financial performance of high-tech SMEs. We also investigate how this moderation is affected by the external environment in which high-tech SMEs operate. Using a moderated moderating model and the panel data of 256 Chinese high-tech SMEs from 2007 to 2019, we find that managerial ability strengthens the impact of R&D on the financial performance of high-tech SMEs. This moderating effect is more pronounced during the economic downturn and in regions with better digital economy development. Our findings provide important implications for high-tech SMEs on their R&D strategies and human capital management as well as the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portfolio performance is determined by both stock selection and portfolio construction. Mean–variance portfolio construction as formulated by Markowitz showed many years ago that efficient portfolios most accurately reflect expected returns in portfolio performance, whereas inefficient portfolios always incur unnecessary risk and leave potential outperformance on the table, thereby wasting some of the portfolio manager's skill. Standard portfolio optimization, however, is widely regarded as problematic, so many managers adopt heuristic portfolio construction methods instead. This article argues that the underlying problem is not with the idea of portfolio efficiency, but with its implementation. A simple analysis of the risk structure of a portfolio can identify which holdings are most inefficient and which are "efficient enough" given the limitations of any manager's forecasting ability. This information can then be used in rebalancing to ensure the greatest increase in overall portfolio efficiency for the least amount of turnover while considering the inherent uncertainty in all forecasts. For active managers with stock selection skill, more efficient portfolios mean better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the association of managerial ability (MA) with efficiency in working-capital management (WCM) of firms. Using a large sample of 1,14,173 firm-year observations between 1988 and 2018 in the US, we show a negative contemporaneous relationship between MA and efficiency of WCM, indicating that more able managers manifest higher WCM efficiency and thereby affect firm performance positively through a mediating channel of WCM. Further, we show that this association is non-linear in nature with managers focusing more on long-term value-enhancing projects for the firm beyond a threshold MA level, having already attained the optimal efficiency in WCM. The results remain robust after a series of robustness tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the green innovation effect of investor preference on Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020. We observe that investors with environmental protection preferences can significantly increase enterprise green innovation. The baseline conclusions remain robust after we conduct multiple sensitivity tests, such as establishing a shift-share instrumental variable (Bartik IV), using the Heckman's two-step method, changing the regression methods, substituting the core variables, adopting the DID method, and considering investors' ownership. Our analysis shows that the green innovation effect of environmental investors is highly pronounced in companies with a high level of indebtedness and low managerial ability. We verify that environmental investors can improve the green innovation level of enterprises through two potential mechanisms, namely, easing corporate financing constraints and incentivising managers. In addition, political and public attention can strengthen the positive relationship between environmental investors and green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to empirically investigate the impact of managerial ownership and managerial competence on tax avoidance, along with examining how firm size moderates these relationships. The study utilized panel data linear regression with a fixed effects approach, employing purposive sampling from 87 manufacturing firms in Indonesia spanning the years 2019 to 2021, totaling 261 firm years. The analysis reveals that managerial ownership does not influence tax avoidance, while managerial competence demonstrates a positive association with tax avoidance. Additionally, the findings suggest that neither firm size nor its interaction with managerial ownership and ability significantly affects the practice of tax avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology chief executive officers have become public figures, their personae operate as loci for journalistic discourse about the intersection of moral responsibilities, regulation, and political-economic power of the tech industry. They possess a power often construed as beyond the reach of politics or civil society to address. This study considers how the ubiquity of tech power has become a kind of common sense in journalistic discourse, specifically looking at news, commentary, and analysis that has circulated around Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg since 2016, arguing that even as critiques of Zuckerberg's moral fitness and leadership capacity proliferate, they construct the epistemic bounds within which tech industry power over American public life is understood as legitimate, even as journalists and commentators question certain executives' ability to wield the tech industry's infrastructural and cultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What competencies are essential for a 21st-century executive? Are we sufficiently preparing our leadership for the relentless challenges and perpetual transformations characteristic of the digital and globalized epoch? (Levy, 2007). Business schools are progressively shifting their focus towards leadership and personal development, recognizing the paramount importance of these proficiencies. However, does this emphasis prove adequate? Undoubtedly, the exigencies posed by the contemporary era are subjecting the managerial skill set to scrutiny, not merely due to the intricate orchestration of personnel (Pérez, 2018), who increasingly articulate a demand for personal gratification in their professional pursuits, but also considering the rapidity of metamorphoses (Tapscott, 1995), and the imperative to make decisions concomitant with such promptness. The ultimate inquiry is whether current leaders possess the ethical fortitude to adapt to these disruptive changes (Echevarría, 2008), or if we are indeed confronting an insurmountable utopia, thrust into a new era dictated by artificial intelligence, where pragmatic logic eclipses matter of the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health infrastructures and managerial skills of countries have been decisive in controlling the COVİD-19 pandemic. While some countries preferred stricter measures and restrictions against the pandemic, others preferred more liberal and lax policies. Besides determination of the government implementing these restrictions and measures and commitment of the people exposed to the restrictions the and rules have been effective in the success of the pandemic response. Many studies in the literature focus on the socio-economic problems caused by the pandemic. This study focuses on the success of countries in managing the pandemic and the impact of public measures and restrictions on managerial skills. First, we compare the relative performance of 31 selected countries in controlling the pandemic in the pre-vaccine period depending on their health infrastructure. In the second stage, the impact of the restrictions and measures implemented in Turkey in the pre-vaccine period on Turkey's relative performance in the fight against COVID-19 was analyzed. The 63-week period between the first week of April 2020 and the second week of June 2021, which refers to the pre-vaccine period, was analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis with Two Stage Bootstrap Estimation. According to the results of the analysis, Turkey ranked 17th among 31 countries (TE: 0.4081) in terms of its performance in minimizing the number of case-fatalities and maximizing the number of recovered patients. In the second stage, it was concluded that the public measures and restrictions implemented in Turkey during the pandemic did not lead to a significant change in the relative performance ranking of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The faculties are crucial to education. They should have enough training facilities and be encouraged to actively contribute to high-quality education and successful learning. Faculty engagement and development activities should be explored and included in learning organizations and employee engagement in India. This paper aims to describe higher education as a learning organization. The research will also assess how faculty development programs affect faculty engagement behaviors in these institutions and if professional development mediates this effect, which has not been previously examined. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted with quantitative data collected from 267 faculties through reliable and validated adapted questionnaires. Semistructured interviews were conducted with heads and professor-level faculties to gain insights into faculty development and engagement. Partial least squares structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM 3.3.6 version) was used to test the conceptually drafted model. Findings: Faculty professional development programs shown to improve higher education faculty engagement and professional progress. The studies also showed that higher education institutions must prioritize faculty development to become learning organizations. Professional development reduced the direct effects of faculty development program (FDP) on faculty engagement. This suggests that professional growth mediates the research. Practical implications: This research emphasizes and professional development to boost teacher involvement in B-Schools. Management must design faculty development programs to construct professional development and learning organizations, according to the results. Developing and writing rules that encourage faculty engagement in such internal and external programs would also enhance their academic and administrative abilities and assist higher education institutions become learning organizations. Originality/value: The study is one of the few to examine the impact of faculty development programs and professional development on faculty engagement in higher education institutions, particularly B-Schools, and its competitive mediating role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge management and career development in an era characterized by high levels of youth unemployment and a demand for specialized skills. Despite the increasing transition to a knowledge-based economy, there is a significant gap between young people's skills and career readiness, necessitating an in-depth analysis of the role of knowledge management at the individual, organizational and national levels. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a qualitative study using the theory-context-characteristics-methodology approach based on a systematic literature review. The authors created an ecological framework for reflecting on knowledge management and career development, arguing for a multidisciplinary approach that invites collaboration across sectors to generate innovative and reliable solutions. Findings: This study presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature and trends, noting the need for more focus on the interplay between knowledge management and career development. It emphasizes the need for businesses to promote the acquisition, storage, diffusion and application of knowledge and its circulation and exchange to create international business human capital. Practical implications: The findings may help multinational corporations develop managerial training programs and recruitment strategies, given the demand for advanced knowledge-based skills in the modern workspace. The study also discusses the influences of education, experience and job skills on business managers' performance, guiding the future recruitment of talents. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this review is among the first to assess the triadic relationship between knowledge management, career development and the global unemployment crisis. The proposed multidisciplinary approach seeks to break down existing silos, thus fostering a more comprehensive understanding of how to address these ongoing global concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the effect of stable institutional investors on firms' product quality failures. Furthermore, the authors investigate the channels through which institutional ownership stability enhances product quality management. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses probit, ordered probit and negative binomial regression frameworks to investigate the research questions. In addition, the authors utilize the three-stage least-squares to address the endogeneity issues. Findings: Using a sample of product recall incidents from 2012 to 2021, the authors find that firms with more stable institutional ownership have a lower probability, frequency and severity of recall incidents and adopt a proactive product recall strategy. Institutional investors with significant and persistent holdings improve quality management by reducing overinvestment and the use of option-linked and relative performance executive compensations. Furthermore, the influence of stable institutional owners on product quality failures is more pronounced in firms with low managerial ability and specialist CEOs. Lastly, the empirical evidence demonstrates that stable holdings by active investors have a more substantial impact on reducing product recalls than passive and other stable institutional holdings. Originality/value: This study is the first to examine the impact of institutional ownership stability on firms' product recalls. The authors contribute to the literature on the benefits of stable institutional ownership on firm outcomes and the determinants of product quality failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managers at all levels have been making efforts to improve environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in response to mounting pressure from stakeholders. This research examines the relationship between the managers capabilities and their ability to achieve high ESG performance, particularly in challenging and restricting financial environments. This research also uncovers the process through which competent managers reduce the financial restrictions of businesses. Panel regressions are estimated on a dataset of 6294 firm years of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019. Our study findings demonstrate that chief executive officers (CEOs) with strong management skills exhibit a positive correlation with their company's ESG performance and its subcomponents. Moreover, financial constraints exert a negative moderating effect on the relationship between CEO management competence and ESG performance. Specifically, competent CEOs of financially constrained organizations prioritize ESG performance more significantly than their counterparts in companies without financial limitations. The findings are robust to various estimating methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether future stock returns and earnings persistence decline when a firm has issued equity within 1 month of its earnings announcement (post‐EA equity financing), considering managerial ability and overconfidence. The results show that when overconfident managers engage in post‐EA equity financing, buy‐and‐hold returns significantly decrease in the subsequent month and earnings persistence is low within the subsequent year. However, firms with overconfident, high‐ability managers do not experience lower returns following post‐EA equity financing and have larger earnings variability within the subsequent 3 years. The decline in returns in the month during post‐EA equity financing is more pronounced for firms with high financial constraints or low financial flexibility with overconfident managers. Overall, our results highlight the managerial traits of firms that engage in equity issuance after information release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a sample of the biggest private Colombian exporting firms to propose and estimate a two‐step methodology for measuring international managerial skill and calculating its impact on international firm performance. The first step quantifies the managerial team's organisational capital contribution to rise firms' export proficiency through the average of a regression residuals group conformed by export unit value residuals for differentiated products (multiplying by −1 the price competition products' residuals) and export quantity residuals for homogeneous products. The second step results indicate that: (i) international managerial quality has a significant and robust positive effect on export value, (ii) better managers in the international market do not increase the number of products exported but upgrade export basket's quality and (iii) export value elasticity relative to international managerial quality is around 5 times larger than export value elasticity relative to exogenous global demand shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the crucial link between managerial ability and green innovation. Motivated by the need for sustainable business practices and the pivotal role innovation plays in environmental sustainability, we identify a significant gap in the existing literature: the specific impact of managerial ability on fostering green innovation has not been adequately explored. Our research is anchored in the resource-based view, arguing that managerial ability is a strategic resource that can significantly influence a firm's capacity for green innovation. Our empirical analysis employs multiple regression analysis on a dataset of 2455 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2022, examining the relationship between managerial ability and green innovation. To ensure a thorough investigation, we control for both firm-specific and year-specific fixed effects. Our findings reveal a significant positive correlation between managerial ability and green innovation, highlighting the critical role of managerial competencies in enhancing environmental innovation. Notably, subgroup analyses indicate that this relationship is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms with a higher proportion of institutional investors, and in contexts with stricter environmental regulations and less developed product markets. These results not only fill the identified gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence of the impact of managerial ability on green innovation but also offer practical insights for businesses, managers, and policymakers looking to promote sustainable innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The reason for addressing the issue of the roles and competencies of managers of process-project organizations was the results of literature research. Based on them, it was found that there is a cognitive gap in this area, although it is emphasized that processes and projects are complementary elements of modern organizations. The main objective of the study was to identify the roles and competencies of managers that are important in a process-project organization. Its implementation was carried out within the framework of two sub-objectives: 1) to synthesize theoretical considerations on the roles and competencies of managers in modern organizations, including process-project organizations, 2) to assess the importance of managerial roles and competencies in process-project organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The formulated main objective was achieved in the course of two stages of research. The first step involved a literature study, while the second one consisted of interviewing 152 managers in the process-design organizations. Findings: During the course of the research it was established that so far a lot of theoretical considerations have been presented in the field of traditional and contemporary managerial roles and competencies. Based on the studies of 152 cases, it was concluded that there is knowledge and experience in practice to identify the roles and competencies that managers of process-project organizations should fulfill. As part of the discussion, it should be noted that the assessment of roles and competencies dedicated to managers of process-project organizations varies depending on their process-project maturity and internationalization. Research limitations/implications: The opinion of the research group of 152 internationalized companies from the Silesian Voivodeship may differ from others, especially non-internationalized entities. The survey also did not take into account the respondents' business focus and size. Practical implications: The research results obtained, based on the knowledge and experience of 152 organizations, can provide a basis for determining the roles and competencies of managers for organizations that want to move to a process-project orientation. Originality/value: The scientific value of the publication is to define the roles and competencies of managers of process-project organizations. The addressee of the publication can be both academics and management practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Being the professional membership body for pharmacists in Jordan, the Jordan Pharmacists Association (JPA) took the initiative to establish a training centre for practising pharmacists. This study aims to identify the self-assessed training priorities of community pharmacists in Jordan. Methods: In the period between August and October 2022, an online self-administered questionnaire was distributed using a variety of participants' identification and recruitment approaches. The questionnaire targeted currently practising community pharmacists. Data were analysed descriptively and inferentially. Results: In total, 470 community pharmacists participated in this study. Of 470 participants, 307 (65.3%) were employees, of which 206 were full-time employees. Results showed that only 97 (21%) had access to an in-house training programme or scheme. Self-assessment of training needs highlighted differences between the three competencies clusters. While administrative and managerial skills and competencies were more frequently prioritised on average than the other two clusters, interpersonal and communication skills were needed the least. Evidence showed a significant difference between female and male participants regarding the need for training addressing maternity and early childhood health training issues. Lastly, the role-based comparison showed that, compared to pharmacy owners, employees had a significantly higher need for training related to bookkeeping and taxation returns preparation and how to handle and manage records of narcotic and controlled medicines. Conclusions: If training and development programmes are tailored to address specific needs in administrative, clinical, and interpersonal competencies, community pharmacists have the potential to enhance public health, expand their role, provide patient-centred care, and support the national healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novelty and appropriateness are two fundamental components of creativity. However, the way in which novelty and appropriateness are separated at behavioral and neural levels remains poorly understood. In the present study, we aim to distinguish behavioral and neural bases of novelty and appropriateness of creative idea generation. In alignment with two established theories of creative thinking, which respectively, emphasize semantic association and executive control, behavioral results indicate that novelty relies more on associative abilities, while appropriateness relies more on executive functions. Next, employing a connectome predictive modeling (CPM) approach in resting-state fMRI data, we define two functional network-based models—dominated by interactions within the default network and by interactions within the limbic network—that respectively, predict novelty and appropriateness (i.e., cross-brain prediction). Furthermore, the generalizability and specificity of the two functional connectivity patterns are verified in additional resting-state fMRI and task fMRI. Finally, the two functional connectivity patterns, respectively mediate the relationship between semantic association/executive control and novelty/appropriateness. These findings provide global and predictive distinctions between novelty and appropriateness in creative idea generation. Novelty and appropriateness are two fundamental components of creativity. This study distinguishes novelty and appropriateness of idea generation at the cognitive and neural levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the moderating role of the macroeconomic environment in the crash risk-policy uncertainty sensitivity. We find that managers have lower risk perception and crash risk is less sensitive to policy uncertainty during periods of economic expansion. Managers' risk perception is the critical channel through which the macroeconomic environment affects the relationship between crash risk and policy uncertainty. Consequently, when firms' managers have an accurate understanding of the future economic environment, the moderating effect of economic growth is lower. This manifests in the weaker moderating effect of economic growth for SOEs and firms with stronger managerial ability, lower managerial ownership, and high media attention, which further supports the risk perception channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a firm's information technology (IT) capability and managerial ability on financial reporting quality has been documented in prior literature. However, scant empirical work exists on the moderating effect of managerial ability on a firm's IT capability and its impact on financial reporting quality. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm and a sample of firms from 2000 to 2013, we predict and find that InformationWeek 500 (IW500) firms with high-ability managers are associated with better financial reporting quality than non-IW500 firms. Specifically, we find that IW500 firms have better financial reporting quality and are less likely to restate their financial statements in subsequent periods and the interaction of IT capability and managerial ability improves financial reporting quality. Our findings document the importance of IT and the moderating effect of managerial ability on IT in influencing financial reporting quality. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine merging firms' additions and removals of products for a sample of 66 mergers across a wide variety of consumer packaged goods markets. We find that mergers lead to a net reduction in the number of products offered by merging firms. Merging firms tend to both drop and add products at the periphery of their joint product portfolios, with the net effect of increasing within‐firm product similarity. These results are consistent with theories of the firm that emphasize cost synergies among similar types of products or managerial core competencies linked to particular segments of the product market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on U.S. banks' performance over the period 2001:Q1-2021:Q1. The empirical results indicate that EPU exerts an adverse influence on banks' return on assets (ROA), but this effect diminishes with the increasing level of bank ROA. The baseline result remains resilient to using state-level EPU as an alternative measure of policy uncertainty. In addition, the findings survive a battery of robustness and endogeneity tests, including instrumental variable (IV) regressions. It is observed that EPU exhibits a differential impact on banks' ROA during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it is found that while the deterring effect of EPU is more pronounced for banks with greater earning opacity, it is significantly mitigated by a bank's search for yield, managerial ability, and diversified business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship of fund managers' performance persistence with (a) personal characteristics of managers and (b) fund characteristics. The study uses a sample of fund managers from India to create a comprehensive dataset of manager returns from December 2006 to March 2022. Using the four factor performance model of Carhart (1997), we investigate the persistence in manager performance across (a) managerial characteristics and (b) fund characteristics based on one month holding period returns over previous 24-months estimation period. The study indicates considerable persistence among the top decile fund managers who are male, MBA-postgraduate, undergraduate with technical qualifications, and also from top institutions. It is also evident among managers who are old, and possess long experience. We also find evidence of persistence in the performance of managers from foreign funds, Indian funds, and also for the joint venture predominantly Indian funds. This study allows investors in mutual funds to make more informed decisions. It is also useful for recruiters and policymakers who are responsible for appointing mutual fund managers and making policy recommendations in light of continuing regulatory changes. This can be considered one of the earliest studies to analyse the relationship of fund managers performance persistence with (a) personal characteristics of managers and (b) fund characteristics from the perspective of an emerging Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We unravel the conditions under which the type of education found among board members mitigates the uncertainty in new equity markets. Our results indicate that issuers in low R&D industries—as well as those faced with complex organizational structures—leave less money on the table when their boards are dominated by executives with managerial skills. Conversely, boards with highly specialized members in small and knowledge‐intensive firms reduce underpricing. Finally, we document that both types of board education lessen initial public offering share–price volatility in the immediate post‐issue period. This research is the first to derive conclusive evidence that more executives in the boards with managerial skills and boards with highly specialized members facilitate price discovery in signaling issuer reputation on the first trading day. This study has implications that we provide investors with unique non‐financial information, boards' "education capital," that can be considered before making investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies document that investing in research and development is a key factor to keep firm survive in the long-run. This study instead focuses on the relationship between managerial role and R&D decisions. Specifically, we investigate whether more talented managers facilitate firms' R&D investment. Using the MA-score as a proxy for managerial ability, we find that more able managers increase R&D spending. Furthermore, the results show that more talented managers decide to invest more in R&D investment depending on several conditions, such as whether firms are financially unconstrained or in non-crisis period. Other conditions include whether firms are facing lower default probability, in competitive industries, and with some CEOs' characteristics, such as male, young age, higher granted stock option and higher salary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While extensive research has explored the relationship between HRM and various organizational and employee outcomes, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of HRM in discouraging extreme work. To address this gap, building mainly on stakeholder theory, we specifically propose that HR managers' ethical leadership negatively influences precarious work, which serves as a catalyst for extreme work cultures by exacerbating workloads, prolonging working hours, and intensifying physical and mental stress. Importantly, we propose that sustainable HRM mediates the association between HR managers' ethical leadership and precarious work. Finally, the present study hypothesizes that HR managers' political skill acts as a boundary condition for the effects of HR managers' ethical leadership on sustainable HRM and precarious work. Data collected from two sources (260 employees and the same number of HR managers) employing a time-lagged design supported our hypotheses. Other than theoretical contributions to different important knowledge areas, such as ethical leadership, HRM, and precarious work, we offer a number of practical implications that could help organizations counter extreme work and its negative repercussions mainly for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the effect of whistleblowing and interpretation among practitioners in the Nigerian economy. The research puts a premium on understanding the relevance and critical issues in its practices and developing an improved model for the effective practice of whistleblowing and interpretation in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted a conceptual approach, relying on extant literature to understand the management of whistleblowing incidents and identify the managers' and other stakeholders' responsibility in the whistleblowing process. It applied systems dynamics conceptual modelling and presented an improvement approach to addressing the complexities associated with whistleblowing and interpretation among Nigerian organizations. Findings: This study contributed to the extant literature by developing a model for proper management of whistleblowing in the Nigerian context and enhancing the robust practice of whistleblowing and interpretation in Nigeria. The findings highlighted critical factors such as managers' skills development, legal system support, institutional stakeholders' function and ethical balance as key factors to effective whistleblowing management and interpretation. This implies that the act of identifying and developing responses to an emerging case of whistleblowing requires a process of developing underpinning assumptions, engagement and consideration of stakeholders' interests while driving the sustenance of organizational focus. Originality/value: This study emphasized the departure from absolute best practice to developing idea approaches that reflect stakeholders' interests and the context of whistleblowing and interpretation. While the study acknowledges limitations in the sole focus on the Nigerian private sector and the Nigerian economic background, it recommends further exploration of whistleblowing and its interpretation on a comparative approach, to improving the current understanding of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents concepts for managerial competencies of principals of educational institutions. The authors reviews the existent legal framework that states the competencies a principal should have and should continue to develop. A questionnaire with 25 managerial competencies is also presented in the article, which is applied at business organizations. The article also reveals results of empirical research with principals from Ruse, Burgas and Lovech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aims to investigate how a firm's management team's capacity to efficiently use its resources affects the firm's exposure to climate change. Specifically, the authors investigate the intriguing question – does managerial ability affect a firm's climate change exposure? Design/methodology/approach: The authors use an unbalanced panel dataset of 4,230 US based firms listed on Compustat from 2002–2019 and test the hypothesis by panel regression analysis. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, difference-in-differences and instrumental variable approaches are used. Findings: The baseline analysis shows a negative, statistically significant impact of managerial ability on climate change exposure. The findings hold after controlling for endogeneity using two-stage least squares regression and difference-in-differences tests. The authors find the negative effect is stronger for managers engaged in socially responsible activities, and after climate change issues receiving greater public awareness following the 2006 release of the Stern Review and the 2016 signing of the Paris Accord. Research limitations/implications: Motivated by the resource-based theory and the natural resource-based view of the firm model, the empirical results support the view that greater managerial ability protects the firm against environmental challenges through efficient use of firm resources. Compared with traditional climate change measures that are plagued by disclosure issues, the use of the Sautner, Van Lent, Vilkov and Zhang's machine learning based dataset utilizing earning conference calls provides stronger, robust findings that will be useful to management and investors in environmental performance assessments. Originality/value: Motivated by the resource-based theory and the natural resource-based view of the firm model, the empirical results support the view that greater managerial ability protects the firm against environmental challenges through efficient use of firm resources. Compared with traditional climate change measures that are plagued by disclosure issues, the use of the machine learning based dataset utilizing earning conference calls provides stronger, robust findings that will be useful to management and investors in environmental performance assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to identify the key competencies employers expect from newly hired managers for the position of Chief Operating Officer (COO). Design/methodology/approach: The preparation of the article was preceded by the observation of economic phenomena and processes and a literature review. Theoretical considerations in this area were supplemented with empirical research: qualitative research methods were used, which include a review of Polish and foreign literature on the subject and an analysis of the content of job offers, which constitute an essential source of information allowing the identification of crucial competencies expected on the labor market in Poland in the context of the position of director operational. Findings: The implementation of the research objective enabled the identification of key competencies that need to be developed to climb the career path more efficiently and reach the highest-level positions in the organization. The most desired competence was business orientation. The most common social competencies were communication, influencing and negotiating, and building relationships. They appeared most frequently in the group of managerial competencies, team management, and leadership. However, in the group of personal competencies, as many as four recurring competencies can be distinguished: analytical thinking, entrepreneurship - striving for results, self-management, and independence. The most frequently mentioned professional competencies included business orientation, knowledge of foreign languages, and professional knowledge. Research limitations/implications: In the job offers examined, the most common competencies were from the managerial competence category, while social competencies are less critical, according to the surveyed advertisers. That is undoubtedly inconsistent with the standard view that modern business is increasingly aware of the role that social competencies play in the effective functioning of the organization. Originality/value: The article contributes to the scientific literature on assessing the competencies of candidates recruited for the positions of operational directors. It also identifies shortcomings in the creation, development, use, and preservation of human capital that need improvement in areas such as education and the social and labor spheres. It indicates areas that need to be improved in the recruitment of managerial staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]