Search

Economic empowerment (EE) services promote survivors' economic stability and well-being. A target for intervention and prevention, then, is to offer more effective EE services. The study purpose was to develop a clearer picture of what EE services agencies offer, and how prepared staff are to provide these services. We collected data from 154 providers. Survivors most requested, and agencies most frequently provided, housing services. EE services offered did not differ by agency location, staff size, or number of clients. Providers' confidence was greater if they completed high school; their agency offered more EE services; and they completed voluntary training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the potential of agriculture to reduce unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa, research on agricultural entrepreneurship is scarce, especially regarding the entrepreneurs' motivations. The aim of this research is to examine the intensity of necessity and opportunity motivations among agricultural entrepreneurs and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics, personality, and environmental factors. Hence, the study reports a survey of 819 agricultural entrepreneurs in Benin and uses multinomial logistic regressions. Most agricultural entrepreneurs are moderately necessity-driven (76%); the remainder includes highly necessity-driven entrepreneurs (4%), moderately opportunity-driven entrepreneurs (6%), and highly opportunity-driven entrepreneurs (14%). Those displaying higher intensity of necessity motivations can be at any education level, are former employees, are less proactive, less optimistic, and operate in the services sector. In contrast, highly opportunity-driven entrepreneurs are likely to have received a university education and agricultural professional training, operate in the services sector, and have better access to finance and technologies. This study advances the push-pull theory by revealing a richer set of entrepreneurial motivations beyond the simplistic dichotomic view. Hence, policymakers could devise entrepreneurship strategies and programs that consider the diverse motivations of entrepreneurs and the influencing factors to move them toward increased opportunity entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal the level of application of human resources management practices in light of Yemen's Vision 2030 from the point of view of academic and administrative employees in colleges of education in Yemeni universities. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used. The study sample consisted of (281) academic and administrative employees. They were selected by stratified random method from workers in colleges of education in Yemeni universities (Sana'a, Al-Hudaydah, Amran, Dhamar, and Ibb). The study tool was the questionnaire. One of the most prominent findings of the study is that the reality of implementing the practice of human resources management in colleges of education in light of Yemen's Vision 2030 was to a (weak) degree, and the practice was at the level of the fields (planning, selection and appointment, organizational and legislative construction, training and development, compensation and benefits, innovation and creativity). and scientific research) in ascending order from weak to weakest. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average ratings of the study sample members at the level of the tool's fields in general, due to the variable (gender, educational qualification, job title, years of experience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the role of human capital in enhancing corporate value becomes increasingly prominent in the new economic era, employee satisfaction has garnered widespread attention in organizational behavior theory and business practices. However, constrained by the traditional governance model of "shareholder primacy", which tends to view employees instrumentally, adverse effects on employee satisfaction and organizational identification persist. Currently, corporate ESG behaviors are flourishing in China, bringing profound and extensive transformations to economic and social sustainability. Yet, the research on whether and how corporate ESG behaviors improve employee satisfaction remains unclear. This study, based on data from the "China's 100 Best Employers Award" and employing regression analysis on panel data from listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, reveals that corporate ESG behaviors have the potential to enhance employee satisfaction. Transparency in corporate environmental information and internal control mechanisms emerge as the primary means through which corporate ESG behaviors elevate employee satisfaction. Furthermore, heightened environmental awareness among executives and higher educational qualifications among employees strengthen the relationship between corporate ESG behaviors and employee satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Degree apprenticeships (DA) help employees gain new knowledge and skills by allowing them to study towards a university degree while working full time. For these programmes to be effective, the learning design should be adapted to the needs of these students, who are goal oriented (i.e. they want to gain only knowledge that can be applied within their workplace), have limited time for studying, and usually have not attended formal education for some time. As these programmes are relatively new, there is limited research on how these students can be supported to achieve the programmes' learning goals by using information and communication technologies. Objectives: This paper aims to understand whether a learning design that combines game‐based learning with online flipped classrooms can engage DA students in their learning and help them develop their reflective skills. Methods: Two focus groups were conducted with DA students that study at a UK Business School towards gaining the Chartered Manager status. The focus groups recordings have been analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results and Conclusions: The three main themes, "change can be helpful and challenging at the same time", "the ideal game", and "the effect of others", show that DA students find game‐based learning and online flipped classrooms useful, with the right support. Simulation games can be more fulfilling to DA students than quiz games, even if they take more of their out‐of‐class time. In addition, instructors are advised to work more closely with diverse teams to enable students share their work experiences and learn from each other. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Online flipped classrooms offer flexibility in learning, but instructors need to find solutions to challenges, like students' limited e‐learning readiness and lack of motivation.Game‐based learning has been found to facilitate learning in general, but there is a need to identify the specific circumstances (i.e. settings, gaming elements) under which it is effective.Degree apprenticeship students need more support with their learning compared to traditional university students, as they face additional challenges in terms of family life‐work balance and connecting their learning to their working experience. What this paper adds?: Game‐based learning can be useful to degree apprenticeship students providing that focuses on the application of knowledge and provides feedback.Despite facing challenges related to maintaining work‐study‐life balance, degree apprenticeship students are willing to complete the flipped classroom's out‐of‐class activities, if they see a clear benefit from doing so.Online group activities can be challenging for degree apprenticeship students, if they are not able to form teams with other learners that work for the same organisation. The implications of study findings for practitioners: Avoid quiz‐like games and select the ones that use real‐life scenarios for degree apprenticeship students to help them link their learning to their practice.Formative feedback should be provided by both the instructor and the game to motivate degree apprenticeship students to spend the additional time to complete the out‐of‐class activities.Students should be reminded frequently of the purpose of any new learning elements (e.g. learning analytics) as they may not have the time to explore them on their own.When forming student teams based on students' workplace is not possible, spend more time in each breakout room to facilitate the online group discussion and help students bring their different working experiences together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (Türk-İş) and the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) from the 1960s until the 1990s with a focus on the transnational collaboration of activists who organised educational activities for women workers and trade unionists to empower them as rights-seeking political subjects and strengthen their position within the trade union movement. Demonstrating how women's trade union education evolved within the framework of local politics as well as global processes such as the Cold War and the emergence of a UN-led gender equality regime, it argues that global inequalities, geopolitical differences, and Türk-İş leaders' ambivalent attitude towards women's status in the trade union movement led to a loose, sporadic relationship between local activists and those from the west. At the same time, it was often these activists' sustained efforts towards collaboration and the circulation of their agendas that pressured Türk-İş to invest in women's empowerment in trade unions. Utilising archival and trade union sources as well as oral history interviews, the article integrates the work of women labour activists in feminist labour historiography, offering a more comprehensive understanding of trade unions' gender politics in Turkey and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Various strategies against COVID-19 have been adopted in different countries, with vaccination and mask-wearing being widely used as self-preventive interventions. However, the underlying structure of these behaviors and related factors remain unclear. Purpose In this study, we aimed to explore the network structure of preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and their underlying factors, incorporating age and sex in the network. Methods We used a multi-center sample of 20,863 adults who were vaccinated against COVID-19 in China between April 1, 2021, and June 1, 2021. Networks were estimated using unregularized partial correlation models. We also estimated the accuracy and stability of the network. Results The preventive behaviors related to network factors revealed that self-initiated vaccination was more connected with cognition factors, and mask-wearing was more connected with personal profiles. The two clusters were linked through information-seeking and political beliefs. Moreover, self-initiated vaccination was negatively connected with vaccine hesitancy and concerns about COVID-19 vaccines and positively connected with trust in the vaccines, pandemic-related altruism, political beliefs, and being married. Mask-wearing was negatively connected with being a professional/white collar worker and higher education level and positively connected with regular physical examination, self-rated health, migration, being married, and better family relationships. Incorporation of age and sex into the network revealed relevant associations between age and mask-wearing and age and self-initiated vaccination. The network was highly accurately estimated. The subset bootstrap showed that the order of node strength centrality, betweenness, and closeness were all stable. The correlation stability coefficient (CS-coefficient) also showed the stability of this estimate, with 0.75 for node strength, 0.75 for betweenness, and 0.67 for closeness. Conclusions The internal structures of vaccination and mask-wearing behaviors were quite different, the latter of which were mainly affected by socioeconomic status and health-related behaviors and the former by knowledge about vaccines and political beliefs. Information-seeking and family relationships were the bridge factors connecting these two self-preventive behavior clusters, suggesting the direction of future efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Βackground: Children of parents with a mental illness have up to 50% chance of developing a mental illness themselves. Numerous studies have shown that preventive family-oriented interventions can decrease the risk by 40% and that professionals are a decisive factor influencing family-oriented practice. There are also substantial differences between professions in terms of their family-oriented practices. This study examines the level of family-oriented practice for different professional groups in Germany. Methods: Data were used from the baseline assessment of the two-group randomized controlled multicenter trial ci-chimps as a subproject of CHIMPS-NET, which took place from January 2020 to May 2021 in 18 clinical centers in Germany. Child and adolescent mental health systems as well as adult mental health systems took part and every professional involved in the treatment was invited to participate. Data was used from 475 mental health professionals including physicians, psychologists, psychotherapists for adults and for children and adolescents, occupational/ music/ physio/ art therapists/ (social) education workers and nursing/ education service. Family-oriented mental health practice was examined using the translated version of the Family-Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire (FFMHPQ) with means and standard deviations calculated for each of the 18 FFMHPQ-GV subscales. ANOVAs were computed to compare professions and significant differences were examined via post hoc analyses (Scheffé). Additionally, effect sizes were calculated (Omega squared). Results: Differences were seen between the professions in all aspects of family-oriented practice: Both regarding organizational policy and support aspects, issues concerning working with parent-clients, as well as professional skills and knowledge aspects. Psychotherapists for children and adolescents scored the highest family-oriented practices compared to all other professional groups on almost all subscales. Conclusion: This study examines the level of family-oriented practice for different professional groups in Germany. Apart from skills and knowledge about the impact of mental illness and parenting, psychotherapists for children and adolescents had the highest scores and engaged most in family-oriented practice. Psychotherapists for adults got the least workplace support for family-oriented practice but were competent providing resources and referral information to the concerned families and feel confidence working with them. Due to these results, a training need exists to improve skills and knowledge about the impact of mental illness and parenting. Additionally, there is still potential for institutional support in promoting family-oriented work. Trial registration: The CHIMPS-NET-study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register on 2019–12-19 (DRKS00020380) and with Clinical Trials on 2020–4-30 (NCT04369625), the ci-chimps-study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026217) on 2021–08-27 and with Clinical Trials on 2021–11-04 (NCT05106673). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expatriates play a critical role in the long‐term success of global organizations; however, expatriate assignments are risky endeavors, and not all employees are keen on such opportunities. Thus, it is critical that we examine the antecedents of employee willingness to expatriate. In this first such meta‐analysis, we drew on data from 55 studies (published in English and Traditional Chinese), and identified 22 antecedents. Results indicate that education, self‐efficacy, prior international experience, language skills, cultural intelligence, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, the importance of assignment value, financial support and career support were positively related to employee willingness to expatriate. Some societal differences were identified. We then discuss implications and offer future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Across the care economy there are major shortages in the health and care workforce, as well as high rates of attrition and ill-defined career pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate current evidence regarding methods to improve care worker recruitment, retention, safety, and education, for the professional care workforce. Methods: A rapid review of comparative interventions designed to recruit, retain, educate and care for the professional workforce in the following sectors: disability, aged care, health, mental health, family and youth services, and early childhood education and care was conducted. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched, and studies published between January 2015 and November 2022 were included. We used the Quality Assessment tool for Quantitative Studies and the PEDro tools to evaluate study quality. Results: 5594 articles were initially screened and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in the rapid review. Studies most frequently reported on the professional nursing, medical and allied health workforces. Some studies focused on the single domain of care worker education (n = 11) while most focused on multiple domains that combined education with recruitment strategies, retention strategies or a focus on worker safety. Study quality was comparatively low with a median PEDro score of 5/10, and 77% received a weak rating on the Quality Assessment tool for Quantitative Studies. Four new workforce strategies emerged; early career rural recruitment supports rural retention; workload management is essential for workforce well-being; learning must be contextually relevant; and there is a need to differentiate recruitment, retention, and education strategies for different professional health and care workforce categories as needs vary. Conclusions: Given the critical importance of recruiting and retaining a strong health and care workforce, there is an immediate need to develop a cohesive strategy to address workforce shortfalls. This paper presents initial evidence on different interventions to address this need, and to inform care workforce recruitment and retention. Rapid Review registration PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022371721 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022371721 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the challenges and issues facing liberal arts and humanities education in the U.S. Also cited are the claim by U.S. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona that students should focus on courses that align with industry demands to prepare them as the workforce of the future, and how humanities and liberal arts can contribute to the training and education of said students.

Background: Most workplace learning is informal. However, some employees struggle to execute informal learning strategies effectively because they lack the necessary knowledge or skills or use their knowledge and skills ineffectively or not at all. Objectives: We examined the effects of computer‐based micro‐learning interventions that provide strategy knowledge, prompts, or both, on strategy knowledge, strategy use, and goal achievement—to compensate for these deficits. Methods: A total of 122 employees were randomized into four interventions groups, that is, knowledge, prompts, both, and waiting control group, for a longitudinal micro‐learning training experiment. The participants received 10 micro‐learning nuggets over a month. Results and Conclusion: Compared with the control group, results of the interventions suggested that providing knowledge led to more declarative knowledge. Surprisingly, prompts resulted in more declarative knowledge. Combined interventions led to greater declarative knowledge, but no further synergetic effects could be observed. Over the training course, results showed positive, cubic effects on strategy use and for individual goal achievement for the prompts and combined intervention group. Qualitative data suggest a self‐assessment adjustment of strategy use. In future studies, interventions could be custom‐designed to compensate for the different deficits. Lay Description: Learning in the workplace occurs informal: Most workplace learning occurs informal.However, employees might use informal learning strategies deficiently.They might not know about strategies, do not use them, or use them inefficiently.Can training compensate for the deficits? Study finds encouraging training effects: Longitudinal workplace micro‐learning training, that provide knowledge, prompts, or both can foster informal learning.Effects were compared quantitatively over time to a control group and qualitative statements were analyzed.Metacognitive knowledge, strategy use, and goal achievement can be fostered.In a next step, training could be customized according to the individual deficit. Advise for practical implementation: Micro‐learning intervention can be easily embedded into organizational learning strategy.Implementation time should be long enough to avoid demotivation.Training could be integrated into a holistic organizational approach to foster employees' informal learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first to provide up-to-date assessment of the characteristics of parttime employees, then to explore the factors that affect the likelihood of working part-time in Türkiye for 2005-2020 period with two probit models. Statistics show that part-timers’ share is steadily increasing, part-timers are getting younger and more educated, most part-timers are women between ages 25 and 55 and married. Results of two probit models show that, education enables employees to be a in full-time employment rather than in part-time employment yet, this effect is not as prominent for women as it is for men. However, for less educated women, part-time employment serves as a bridge between full-time employment and unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore community schools, as first theorized through community organizing, in relation to movements for racial justice in education to address the following question: How has educational equity been radically imagined by the community school movement in New York City to reframe how we understand success, meaningful school experiences, and the possibility for hope, healing, and racial equity in education? Using ethnographic methods, we answer this question by examining what went into the grassroots commitments of organizers and the grasstops implementation of the community schools' strategy at the district level. This examination sets a context for exploring what we saw happening at the school level, where we observed community meetings with organizers and district officials and interviewed key stakeholders about their deep histories of advocating for equitable reform. Drawing on an abolitionist paradigm, we describe how organizers such as those in NYC, who were interested in transforming systems as a prerequisite to advancing freedom, were the first major advocates of the original community schools project. Valuing the knowledge and strength of communities that have survived and thrived in the face of centuries of oppression, we conclude that community stakeholders in collaboration with education workers, from organizers to students, envisioned a blurring of communities and schools as part of a strategy to build collective power that both exposes and challenges injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry–exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low‐voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high‐voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the influence of spatial mobility on the risk of overeducation of French young workers. Mobilizing a survey following a cohort of young graduates entering the labour market from 2010 until 2013, our results reveal that interregional migration decreases the risk of (statistical and subjective) overeducation. We also evidence that migration to an economic centre (the Paris region) has an even stronger negative effect and that more educated workers benefit more from spatial mobility. These results are robust to controlling for self‐selection and the endogeneity of migration, as well as to various specifications of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem-solving courts use an interdisciplinary approach with treatment mandates, hearings, and monitoring to rehabilitate individuals arrested for drug-related crimes or lost custody of children due to drug use. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are the standard of care for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), but few problem-solving court clients with OUD are referred to MOUD. Previous studies found court staff often harbor misconceptions about MOUD and could benefit from MOUD education. Tailoring education to the intended audience is an educational best practice. We sought to identify content and style preferences for two MOUD education videos: 1) an introduction to MOUD and, 2) MOUD myths/misconceptions. We recruited 40 Florida problem-solving court staff. Using semi-structured interviews, invited document/script edits, and qualitative surveys, we collected data at each of four video development stages. We used template analysis for qualitative data. Court staff desired the following content: OUD as a chronic brain condition and MOUD as an effective response; MOUD risks and benefits; how MOUD is accessed; and the appropriate role of court staff with MOUD decisions. Style preferences were: no juvenile/cutesy animation; relatable characters/environments; simple concept illustration; individualizing the learning experience; and combinations of scientific animated videos and successful stakeholder interviews. Our findings reinforce the importance of tailoring MOUD education to the audience. Court staff's wish for education about their appropriate role with MOUD reflects their unique position making treatment referrals. Court staff's desire for stakeholder recordings of success stories mirrors the importance of opinion leaders in other dissemination studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reads Georg Lukács's early thought in light of his vexed relationship to the Social Democratic theorist Karl Kautsky. Though Lukács criticized Kautsky as the archetypal "vulgar Marxist," Lukács's larger project of promoting "class consciousness" follows from Kautsky's own political and pedagogical work. For Kautsky, Social Democratic intellectuals had to transmute proletarian "class instinct" into class consciousness by disseminating a simplified version of scientific socialism, transmitting the conclusions but not the method of Marxist thought. But because Lukács had defined "vulgar Marxism" as the forgetting of Marx's method in favor of his conclusions, "vulgar Marxism" turned out to be both the precondition and an obstacle to proletarian class consciousness and thus to revolutionary action. The essay then reads Lukács's changing understanding of the role of the party as a response to this impasse: a response that can help us understand the heterogeneous tradition of "Western Marxism." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine whether cyberslacking behaviors of call center employees have changed in terms of demographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, work style, age, and educational status. The research was conducted with the survey method on 334 employees working in a call center in 2021. T-test and one-way variance analysis were used in the data analysis. As a result of the study conducted at the level of two dimensions with the help of demographic factors, it turned out that female employees showed more significant cyberslacking behavior than male employees; single workers revealed more significant cyberslacking behavior than married workers; married workers revealed more insignificant cyberslacking behavior than single workers; full-time workers showed more negligible cyberslacking behavior than part-time workers; primary school graduates revealed more significant cyberslacking behavior than employees of other education levels; those with undergraduate and postgraduate education levels showed more negligible cyberslacking behavior than employees with other education levels; and employees in the 18-26 age range engaged in more trivial cyberslacking behavior than employees in the other age range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of food safety knowledge and climate with gender, education level, length of employment, food safety training, and professional role was measured using a 15-item food safety climate survey and a 20-item food safety questionnaire on a sample of 263 employees from 19 small and medium-sized university canteens in Croatia, Hungary, and Portugal. The relationship between knowledge and climate and the demographic determinants of both variables were examined. Food safety knowledge was inadequate (45.5% of correct responses), while perceptions of food safety, as measured by the food safety climate survey, were positive (2.69 out of a maximum of 3.00). The perception of resources in canteens was the least favorable across all countries. Leaders did not exhibit better food safety knowledge or perceptions. Food safety climate and knowledge were significantly positively correlated and influenced by training. Perceptions of food safety compared to employee knowledge levels indicated that some employees were overly optimistic about food safety risks. Therefore, food safety knowledge and food safety climate should be assessed in parallel, and both could be improved through ongoing training of employees, especially leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has revealed a global (re)configuring of the relationships between the state, society and educational settings in the direction of systems of performance management. In this article, the authors conduct a critical feminist inquiry into this changing relationship in relation to the professionalisation of early childhood education and care practitioners in Ireland, with a focus on dilemmatic contradictions between the policy reform ensemble and practitioners' reported working conditions in a doctoral study. The critique draws from the politics of power and education, and gendered and classed subjectivities, and allows the authors to theorise early childhood education and care professionalisation in alternative emancipatory ways for democratic pedagogy rather than a limited performativity. The findings reveal the state (re)configured as a central command centre with an over-reliance on surveillance, alongside deficits of responsibility for public interest values in relation to the working conditions of early childhood education and care workers, who are mostly part-time 'pink-collar' women workers in precarious roles. The study has implications that go beyond Ireland for the professionalisation of early childhood education and care workers and meeting the early developmental needs of young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face major financial losses due to mental health issues affecting employees at all levels but seldom apply programs to promote wellbeing and prevent mental health issues among employees. To support the development of a multi-country workplace-based mental health intervention for SMEs (MENTUPP), a multinational consultation study was conducted. The study aimed to examine the experiences and needs of SMEs concerning the promotion of employee wellbeing, and the prevention and management of non-clinical mental health problems in workplaces. Methods: A survey consisting of open and closed questions was designed to assess key informants' opinion about the acceptability, the use, and the implementation of interventions to promote wellbeing and prevent mental health issues in the workplace. Academic experts and representatives of SME organisations, specific sector organisations, labour or advocacy groups, and occupational health organisations across the nine MENTUPP intervention countries (eight European countries and Australia) were invited to complete the survey. Data were collected via the online platform Qualtrics. Sixty-five of 146 informants responded, representing a 44.5% response rate. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Results: Measures to create mentally healthy workplaces were most used in SMEs, while more specific mental health interventions, such as training staff on how to promote wellbeing, were hardly used. Managers lack resources to implement mental health interventions and are concerned about employees spending too much time on these interventions during working hours. Receiving information about the economic benefits of mental health interventions and hearing successful testimonials from other SMEs can persuade managers otherwise. Employees have concerns about confidentiality, discrimination and stigma, and career opportunities when using such interventions. Conclusions: The study identifies a variety of challenges, needs and possibilities related to implementing mental health interventions in SMEs. Employers need to be convinced that investing in mental health in the workplace is worth their time and money. This requires more studies on the (cost-)effectiveness of mental health interventions. Once employers are engaged, their knowledge and competencies about how to implement such interventions should be increased and privacy concerns of employees to participate in them should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, countries are taking actions to ensure that their population have improved access to people-centred and integrated health services. Attaining this requires improved access to health workers at all levels of health service delivery and equitably distributed by geographical location. Due to the persistent health worker shortages, countries have resorted to implementing task shifting and task sharing in various settings to optimally utilize existing health workers to improve access to health services. There are deliberations on the need for an implementation framework to guide the adoption and operationalization of task shifting and task sharing as a key strategy for optimally utilizing the existing health workforce towards the achievement of UHC. The objective of this study was to develop an implementation framework for task shifting and task sharing for policy and practice in Africa. Methods: A sequential multimethod research design supported by scoping reviews, and qualitative descriptive study was employed in this study. The evidence generated was synthesized into an implementation framework that was evaluated for applicability in Africa by 36 subject matter experts. Results: The implementation framework for task shifting and task sharing has three core components – context, implementation strategies and intended change. The implementation strategies comprise of iterative actions in the development, translation, and sustainment phases that to achieve an intended change. The implementation strategies in the framework include mapping and engagement of stakeholders, generating evidence, development, implementation and review of a road map (or action plan) and national and/or sub-national policies and strategies, education of health workers using manuals, job aids, curriculum and clinical guidelines, and monitoring, evaluation, reviews and learning. Conclusion: The implementation framework for task shifting and task sharing in Africa serves as a guide on actions needed to achieve national, regional and global goals based on contextual evidence. The framework illustrates the rationale and the role of a combination of factors (enablers and barriers) in influencing the implementation of task shifting and task sharing in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to "To study the impact of work life balance attributes on employee commitment in education sector". The paper applies data reduction using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a sample of 480 respondents drawn from educational institutions in the Bengaluru and condenses a set of 16 work life balance statement converted into a five attributes. The present study proposes a model of the impact of work life balance attributes on employee commitment in education sector. The study found that working environment, decision making power, personal role, work support and conflict with colleagues are impacting significantly the employee commitment in education sector. Therefore, educational institutions HR managers should focus on the above factors to enrich employee commitment. The study investigated the impact of work life balance attributes on employee commitment in education sector. Multiple linear regression analysis highlights that working environment, decision making power, personal role, work support and conflict with colleagues have significant impact on employee commitment in education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much is not known about education programmes for Nigerian incarcerated individuals. Consequently, different correctional institutions worldwide have different forms of correctional education offered to incarcerated individuals. Nigerian incarcerated individuals perceive that there are implementations of education programmes offered to them. However, little or nothing is known about how incarcerated individuals perceive these education programmes. To this end, this study ascertains the incarcerated individuals' perception of education programmes as well as the expectations of social work profession in ensuring that incarcerated individuals in correctional institutions are provided with quality education. In-depth interviews involving 20 convicted incarcerated individuals from Owerri correctional centre were conducted. Thematic analysis was used in analyzing data generated for the study. Findings show that education programmes are available and essential, but the quality of the programme does not go down well with the incarcerated individuals. It also revealed that incarcerated individuals were not allowed to decide on the type of education programme to be involved in. To this end, their participation in the programme is jeopardized. The findings further revealed that little or nothing is known about social workers in prison education. Therefore, the inclusion of correctional social workers as an integral part of education programmes that aim to reform, rehabilitate and reintegrate incarcerated individuals becomes necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of industrially injured workers (IIW) is increasing in Korea. However, little research has been conducted on whether first aid is performed at industrial sites or on the association between first aid for industrial injuries and the prognosis of IIW, including healthcare utilization. Methods: A total of 3,092 participants (2,562 males and 530 females) were analyzed during the 4-year study period, which contributed to 11,167 observations. Healthcare utilization was evaluated based on the number of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and duration of hospitalization using a generalized estimating equation Poisson regression. Several time-varying socioeconomic characteristics and information about the injury were adjusted, and transfer time to the medical institutions was also considered. Results: During 4-year after the termination of medical treatment, participants who had not receive first aid visited outpatient clinics 15.243 times per year, and those who had visited 13.928 times per year, which is 16.16% less (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.838, 95% CI = 0.740–0.950). Participants who had received on-site first aid with less than a 0.5-hour transfer time to the medical institutions visited outpatient clinics 14.87% less per year than those who had not received first aid (aRR: 0.851, 95% CI = 0.750–0.966). Conclusion: To reduce the long-term outpatient utilization rate for IIW after medical treatment, on-site first aid must be provided in a timely manner. Employee education and first aid training are also necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using survey data from 1438 Peruvian manufacturing firms, we explore multiple and simultaneous relationships between the effects of innovation activities, employee level of education, and the firm size on manufacturing firms' innovation outcomes. We find that there is a positive relationship between innovation activities, employee level of education, and firm size. In addition, innovation activities have direct and positive effects on product and service innovation. However, employee level of education has positive indirect effects, especially on product innovation. The study also highlights that there is a negative direct relationship between size and service innovation. Thus, it is important to establish public policies aimed to promote service innovation in manufacturing firms, with specific support for small firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational culture, talent management and job satisfaction of the employees in the private sector. According to the results of the study which was applied on the employees working in private sector in the province of Istanbul; there is a significant difference in the comparison of the demographic characteristics of the sector, education level and duration of work in the current workplace with the organizational culture and talent management scale scores. In addition, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between all scales and their subdimensions. Referring to this result, organizational culture, talent management and job satisfaction concepts follow and affect each other. Both are organizational culture and talent management practices will affect the level of job satisfaction. An effective organizational culture will be effective on people performance and bring success to the organization by increasing the job satisfaction of the employees. Therefore, talent management practices should be considerad significantly in order to retain the organization's talented workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the experiences of cybersecurity professionals in the context of supply chain cybersecurity in a developing nation. Sixteen professionals from various industries in Botswana were interviewed. The study found that despite the critical role of cybersecurity as an organizational resource, it was still undervalued and underdeveloped, and leadership lacked comprehension of its importance. The participants expressed concerns about the increasing cybersecurity threats, lack of reporting, and technological inadequacies. The study recommends that organizations should develop a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy that includes policies, procedures, technical controls, vendor management, employee awareness and education, regular risk assessments, and incident response plans. The authors also proposed further research steps on supply chain cybersecurity for developing nations. The study contributes to the literature on supply chain cybersecurity in the context of developing nations and provides practical recommendations for organizations to enhance their cybersecurity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Power and progress: our thousand-year struggle over technology and prosperity," Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson argue that technological change can worsen economic inequality unless leaders take appropriate action. They also suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) could pose a threat to democracy and capitalism. However, the authors have been criticized for overlooking important political and international factors in their previous work. The book proposes remedies such as redirecting technological change towards greater productivity and social responsibility, strengthening labor unions, and implementing government subsidies for beneficial technological advancements. While the authors' arguments are not necessarily wrong, the evidence provided in the book is less cohesive and convincing than other works on the topic. The article suggests that a diverse and competitive environment, along with investments in education and worker training, are key to maintaining a healthy political-economic system. However, it cautions against seeking fundamental changes in human nature and American culture. [Extracted from the article]

The study aimed to present a proposed perspective for consolidating the values of digital citizenship among the leaders of the education and supervision sector in Yemen. To achieve this, the descriptive method of both survey and development was used. The questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of (28) participants who were selected in a purposive style from a population of (276) employees in Ibb Education Office. The study findings revealed that the availability of digital citizenship received a low score among the Education Office employees from the point of view of the study participants with a mean of (1.61) and a standard deviation (0.76) of the total responses to the dimensions of the questionnaire. However, the importance of digital citizenship among the study participants received a higher score with a mean of (2.41) and a standard deviation of (0.64) of the total response to all dimensions. Based on these results, a perspective for consolidating the values of digital citizenship among the leaders of the education and supervision sector in Yemen was recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the experiences and stressors of education workers is critical for making improvements and planning for future emergency situations. Province-specific studies offer valuable information to understand the stressors of returning to the workplace. This study aims to identify the stressors education workers experienced when returning to work after months of school closures. This qualitative data is part of a larger study. Individuals completed a survey including a questionnaire and some open-ended questions in English and French. A total of 2349 respondents completed the qualitative portion of the survey, of which most were women (81%), approximately 44 years of age, and working as teachers (83.9%). The open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged from our analysis: (1) challenges with service provision and using technology; (2) disruption in work–life balance; (3) lack of clear communication and direction from the government and school administration; (4) fear of contracting the virus due to insufficient health/COVID-19 protocols; (5) increase in work demands; (6) various coping strategies to deal with the stressors of working during the COVID-19 pandemic; (7) lessons to be learned from working amid a global pandemic. Education workers have faced many challenges since returning to work. These findings demonstrate the need for improvements such as greater flexibility, training opportunities, support, and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the differences in labor market effects between a regular tertiary degree and a tertiary degree obtained while working a job. Using multiple-year data that span the drastic policy initiatives targeting on-job education in China, we find significantly lower returns to an on-job degree compared to a regular degree at the bachelor's and graduate levels, but no significant differences at the junior college level. However, when applying the correlated random coefficient model with heterogeneous returns, the estimated gaps from the conventional model disappeared in earlier years and reversed their signs in later years in general. We find that the results are affected by the extent of workers' self-sorting into on-job schooling based on unobserved heterogeneity and anticipated future returns. Policies that change the returns to on-job degrees for specific workers can create different incentives and thus may alter the nature of self-selection for adult workers when pursuing education at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nursing home (NH) staff mention knowledge deficits regarding the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) in residents with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Staff training therefore appears to be necessary. However, existing evidence on best training practices and their outcomes remains scattered. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify the best clinical practices and theoretical bases of staff training interventions on BPSD management in NHs and (2) summarize the effects of these interventions on resident and staff outcomes. Methods: A mixed methods systematic review was conducted. Two nurse researchers independently searched nine electronic databases to identify studies on the efficacy of staff training interventions aimed at BPSD management in NHs, on a variety of resident and staff outcomes. The search was conducted for articles published between 1996 and 2022, using selected keywords, MeSH terms, and predefined eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was assessed using JBI checklists. Results: Overall, 39 studies in 47 articles were included. Ten categories of trainings were identified, of which three demonstrated the most promising results on both residents and staff: (1) structured protocols and models, (2) person-centred bathing, and (3) communication techniques. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was generally weak. Issues with intervention feasibility and reproducibility were also noted. Conclusion: Training interventions incorporating structured protocols and models, person-centred bathing, and communication techniques are associated with better staff and resident outcomes. However, there is a strong need for high-quality research to strengthen existing evidence and ensure feasibility and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It was possible to identify profiles of both general and intervention-specific implementation readiness. • Predictors of implementation readiness profile were proportion of fulltime educators, proportion of employees with a teaching-related education, and investment in professional development in the childcare center. • Early educators' implementation readiness predicted implementation fidelity of early childhood interventions, namely implementation dosage as well as adherence. Research has indicated that early educators' intervention fidelity is a significant predictor of children's responsiveness to classroom interventions. To improve understanding of predictors of intervention fidelity in early childhood settings, this study adopted a person-centered approach to identify profiles of "implementation readiness" in 1,192 Danish educators, and to examine relations with implementation fidelity. Multilevel latent profile analyses including setting-level characteristics as well as characteristics particular to the individual educator, showed reliable profiles of general and intervention-specific implementation readiness, which were associated with proportion of fulltime educators, employees with a teaching-related pre-service education, and investment in professional development. Higher and more positive implementation readiness predicted implementation dosage and adherence to early childhood interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the success factors influencing product development design and product launch projects. The lives of people and businesses have been threatened and affected by the global COVID- 19 pandemic for more than two years. Knowing these factors can help us make the right decisions and develop an effective project plan and matrix. Nowadays, project management is a very important part of work in companies of different sizes. Project management can be seen as applying innovation processes in an enterprise. The authors conducted quantitative and qualitative research on 544 companies in the Slovak Republic. The research focuses on aspects of project management and individual success factors. The data obtained by the questionnaire survey were processed by statistical methods, where the authors chose the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test as the basic method and the Wilcoxon two-tailed test for independent sample data sets. An essential variable in the sample of enterprises surveyed was, in particular, the sector of the economy in which the enterprise surveyed operates. Two key factors were considered when developing the product - employee education and the implication of social responsibility. The study's uniqueness lies in surveying all types of enterprises, irrespective of their size, line of business, and financial turnover. The percentage distribution of the maximum use of CSR among the surveyed companies in each sector was most positive in the Logistics industry. Training and certification of employees are primarily one of the most important factors to ensure an increase in the success of those projects aimed at launching new products on the market; in the case of the surveyed sample, this is more than 40% of enterprises. Based on the sub-results, we can conclude that enterprises place more emphasis on new product development projects and the environmental concept of CSR. Still, the launch of new products or services is underestimated by the project management of enterprises. After more than eight years, the research has shown an increase in the importance of using social responsibility in management processes for new product development. A breakthrough finding is comparing the use of CSR in small businesses in Slovakia to global trends in which we perceive the dominance of multinational corporations. Enterprises are advised to focus specifically on new product launches and detailed planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Youth Global Awareness Programme (YGAP) is a 2-week residential 'popular education' programme for young, diverse, international, labour movement activists, run by the International Federation of Workers Education Associations in Cape Town, South Africa. In this mixed method study (N = 47), we draw on the Social Identity Approach to Education and Learning. We propose that the participatory, peer-to-peer learning during YGAP leads to activist identity change, where critical consciousness, collective empowerment and global awareness develop as group norms. The first longitudinal questionnaire study found significant increases in activist identity and critical consciousness, which predicted increased collective empowerment. In the second focus group study, data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis and two themes provide compelling evidence of learning during YGAP as identity change processes. Participants' commonalities and differences enhanced activist identities with global awareness. Simultaneously, new knowledge, passion, hope and connection to a global activist community created collective empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase "civil rights movement" scarcely appears in Redmond's I Everything Man i , and not without good reason: whether for reasons of Robeson's communist associations, ill health, or personal choice, Robeson had a tenuous association with the narrowly construed "classical phase" of the movement. In I Black Patience i , Fleming shows how the Black theatrical tradition of the civil rights movement "helped time" by making regimes of Black patience - and white I im i patience - visible as structures of domination. In making these unexpected moves, Fleming suggests the possibility of a broader constituency of civil rights movement artists and artworks. Fleming repeatedly invokes the historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall's clarion call to "make civil rights harder" (quoted on 23) - that is, to make accounts of the movement more textured and complex and, in doing so, to resist calcified or sanitized narratives that would deprive the movement of its variety and its militancy. [Extracted from the article]

Digital inclusive finance (DIF) has the power to spawn a new system of Internet finance and realize financial inclusion. However, the role of DIF in improving the health status of individuals is largely unknown. This study aims to demonstrate whether and how the development of DIF impacts the mental health of Chinese employees. This paper performs an empirical study based on the city-level data of the digital inclusive financial index with the China family panel studies. Ordinary least squares (OLS), probit models and mediation techniques are employed with appropriate instruments to alleviate endogeneity concerns. The results show that DIF can help employees improve their mental health. The results were robust to a variety of checks. Moreover, increasing income is the main pathway in which DIF improves individual mental health. Finally, it also reveals the heterogeneous effects of DIF on individual mental health. That is, the use depth of DIF has a significant positive effect on mental health status, but not on other sub-indicators, such as coverage breadth and degree of digital service provision; on those vulnerable groups containing females and employees with low education, its decisive role is larger than their counterparts who are males and have high levels of education. These results highlight the vital role of DIF in improving the mental health status of individuals. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure and achieve a deeper integration of the financial system with digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified early evidence quantifying the disruption to the education of health workers by the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuing policy responses and their outcomes. Methods: Following a pre-registered protocol and PRISMA/AMSTAR-2 guidelines, we systematically screened MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar from January 2020 to July 2022. We pooled proportion estimates via random-effects meta-analyses and explored subgroup differences by gender, occupational group, training stage, WHO regions/continents, and study end-year. We assessed risk of bias (Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies, RοB2 for randomized controlled trials [RCT]) and rated evidence certainty using GRADE. Results: Of the 171 489 publications screened, 2 249 were eligible, incorporating 2 212 observational studies and 37 RCTs, representing feedback from 1 109 818 learners and 22 204 faculty. The sample mostly consisted of undergraduates, medical doctors, and studies from institutions in Asia. Perceived training disruption was estimated at 71.1% (95% confidence interval 67.9–74.2) and learner redeployment at 29.2% (25.3–33.2). About one in three learners screened positive for anxiety (32.3%, 28.5–36.2), depression (32.0%, 27.9–36.2), burnout (38.8%, 33.4–44.3) or insomnia (30.9%, 20.8–41.9). Policy responses included shifting to online learning, innovations in assessment, COVID-19-specific courses, volunteerism, and measures for learner safety. For outcomes of policy responses, most of the literature related to perceptions and preferences. More than two-thirds of learners (75.9%, 74.2–77.7) were satisfied with online learning (postgraduates more than undergraduates), while faculty satisfaction rate was slightly lower (71.8%, 66.7–76.7). Learners preferred an in-person component: blended learning 56.0% (51.2–60.7), face-to-face 48.8% (45.4–52.1), and online-only 32.0% (29.3–34.8). They supported continuation of the virtual format as part of a blended system (68.1%, 64.6–71.5). Subgroup differences provided valuable insights despite not resolving the considerable heterogeneity. All outcomes were assessed as very-low-certainty evidence. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted health worker education, inflicting a substantial mental health burden on learners. Its impacts on career choices, volunteerism, pedagogical approaches and mental health of learners have implications for educational design, measures to protect and support learners, faculty and health workers, and workforce planning. Online learning may achieve learner satisfaction as part of a short-term solution or integrated into a blended model in the post-pandemic future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the gender wage gap in Spain by analyzing data from the 2018 Spanish Structure of Earnings Survey to quantify the gap and decompose it into the explained and unexplained gaps using three different "discrimination- free" distributions (Reimers, Cotton and Jann). As covariates, in addition to seniority at work, studies and type of contract, common in the literature, they introduce occupation. The study treats full-time workers separately from part-time workers. This distinction is important due to the characteristics of the Spanish labor market, where part-time contracts predominate among women. The results show that part-time female employees are less discriminated against than full-time female employees, and that at lower levels of education and in lower skilled occupations The results show that part-time workers are less discriminated against and that at lower levels of education and in lower-skilled occupations, women's wages are closer to those of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to situate the strategy of formation of socio-emotional competencies as part of the education of the productive worker for contemporary society. We systematize the theoretical elements for the interpretation of the world of work, considering as categories the Toyostist productive restructuring, financialization and its consequences for the expansion of the precariat (HARVEY, 1992; 2018; ASSAD, 2014; MÉSZÁROS, 2002; ALVES, 2007). Our methodology consists of studying documents from the OECD and Brazil (OECD, 2014; 2015; 2017; 2022; BRASIL, 2018) to demonstrate that there is an international attempt to promote governance in educational policies so that they institutionalize the teaching of socio-emotional competencies in school. By comparing international documents with the National Common Curricular Base of High School (BNCCEM) and the legislation of the reform of High School, we conclude that Brazil has aligned itself with this perspective, making evident a trend of school formation of adaptability to adverse situations, accountability of individuals when they do not fit into formal employment ties and the stimulus to undertake to seek income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to question whether valuing workers in education is a reality or just an ideological discourse. When analyzing the view of the National Confederation of Workers in Education about the valorization processes, it establishes the criticism, pointing out that there were advances in achieving the legal norms, but there was a process of class illusion when it asserts that the norms would be fulfilled. Establishes theoretical discussion to support the fight in defense of the valorization of education professionals. The approach is critical-dialectic, since it intends to unveil the conflicts of interests that are established in social movements and discuss processes of transformation of social reality, anchored in the category of founding work of the social being, analyzing from the method the totality, praxis, contradiction and mediation allowing us to apprehend the reality that presents itself as a structured whole. We affirm that, in a certain way, the changes that occur in society have broadened the locus of struggle and differentiated the subjects, giving greater visibility to the differences and drawing up joint tactics requires the understanding that, at this moment, ideological differences have to be overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The federal Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) provides on-the-job training to people 55 years and older with incomes at or below 125% of the federal poverty level with multiple barriers to employment. This study examined the processes by which SCSEP may influence participant financial, physical, and mental well-being. We engaged 15 SCSEP participants and case managers over four virtual and one telephone session using a participatory research method called community-based system dynamics. Activities included identifying key problem trends, variable elicitation, developing a causal map, and identifying changes to the system to increase participant well-being. Respondents identified how individual, organizational, and program and policy factors relate to participant well-being (e.g., SCSEP participation reduces social isolation, which increases desire to participate) and suggested program and policy recommendations to strengthen SCSEP (e.g., benchmarks of success should include health and well-being outcomes). These findings highlight the benefits and potential of this long-running program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to analyze the teacher's right to intimacy based on the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD - Law n° 13.709/2018). Throught the inductive method, the study has as specific objectives the exam of the mentioned law, the conceptualization of the rights related to personality (personality rights), specially the right to intimacy and the comparison with teacher data protection in the pre-contractual, contractual and pos-contractual phases. The work begins with the study of the law and its application in labor relations. The teacher is approached as an employee of an education institution and the emphasis is placed on the scope of legislative protection for the teacher's personal data and his consent. As a result, the right to intimacy is emphasized as a teacher's personality right regarding his personal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assesses hotel workers' perceptions regarding their soft and hard skills, during COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, data were collected through a survey applied to 4 and 5 star hotel workers in the Historical Center of Porto (Portugal). The results show that workers have a generally positive perception on their skills, especially in the case of teamwork, interpersonal relationship and flexibility (soft skills). Digital competencies (hard skills), present the lowest level of confidence. Data also show that essential competencies are rarely provided by the employer. Moreover, the evaluation of workers with a higher education degree only differs significantly regarding hard skills (linguistic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]