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323 results on '"EMBRAPA Cerrados"'

1. Integration of crop-livestock in Conservation Agriculture systems

Author: Brazil Independent Consultant, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Robélio Leandro Marchão, J. N. Landers, Brazil Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Pedro L. de Freitas, Júlio César Salton, Brazil Embrapa Solos, and Brazil Embrapa Cerrados
Subjects: Geography, Agroforestry, Conservation agriculture, Crop livestock
Published: 2020

2. Determinação de atributos radiculares de culturas anuais através de amostras destrutivas e auxílio de aplicativo computacional para processamento de imagens

Author: Rafael Felippe Ratke, Embrapa Cerrados, Géssica Pereira de Souza, and João de Deus Gomes dos Santos Junior
Published: 2019

3. Métodos para estudo da dinâmica de raízes

Author: Géssica Pereira de Souza, Rafael Felippe Ratke, João de Deus Gomes dos Santos Junior, and Embrapa Cerrados
Published: 2019

4. The role of soil fauna in soil health and delivery of ecosystem services

Author: H. Nadolny, Cintia Carla Niva, Samuel W. James, Alexandre Casadei Ferreira, Klaus Dieter Sautter, Rodrigo F. Segalla, Ana C. Conrado, Lilianne S. Maia, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Elodie da Silva, Luís Cunha, Maria J. I. Briones, Wilian C. Demetrio, Brazil Embrapa Forestry, Thibaud Decaëns, Zaida Inês Antoniolli, Amarildo Pasini, George G. Brown, Dilmar Baretta, Patrick Lavelle, Marcílio José Thomazini, Alessandra Santos, Jörg Römbke, José Paulo Sousa, Brazil Embrapa Cerrados, and Talita Ferreira
Subjects: Soil health, Agroforestry, Soil biology, Environmental science, Ecosystem services
Published: 2018

5. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of industrial purpose cassava accessions with potential for adaptation to the conditions of Cerrado of Central Brazil

Author: Embrapa, CNPq e Fundação Banco do Brasil., Vieira, Eduardo Alano; Embrapa Cerrados, Fialho, Josefino de Freitas; Embrapa Cerrados, Faleiro, Fabio Gelape; Embrapa Cerrados, Bellon, Graciele; Embrapa Cerrados, Fonseca, Kenia Graciele da; Embrapa Cerrados, Silva, Marilia Santos; Embrapa Cerrados, Paula-Moraes, Silvana Vieira de; Embrapa Cerrados, Carvalho, Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco; Embrapa Cenargen, Embrapa, CNPq e Fundação Banco do Brasil., Vieira, Eduardo Alano; Embrapa Cerrados, Fialho, Josefino de Freitas; Embrapa Cerrados, Faleiro, Fabio Gelape; Embrapa Cerrados, Bellon, Graciele; Embrapa Cerrados, Fonseca, Kenia Graciele da; Embrapa Cerrados, Silva, Marilia Santos; Embrapa Cerrados, Paula-Moraes, Silvana Vieira de; Embrapa Cerrados, and Carvalho, Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco; Embrapa Cenargen
Abstract: The aim of the present work was to characterize and estimate the genetic variability among industrial purpose cassava accessions, with potential for adaptation to the conditions of Cerrado of Central Brazil, by means of quantitative and qualitative characters, and molecular markers through isolated and joint analysis, as well as to establish the correlation among the estimated indexes obtained by each used methodology. Sixteen industrial purpose cassava accessions with potential for adaptation to the conditions of Cerrado of Central Brazil were evaluated in field conditions in terms of 11 quantitative characters and 33 qualitative characters, in an experiment carried out at Embrapa Cerrados. The accessions were also evaluated through RAPD markers in laboratorial conditions. Afterwards, the matrices of genetic dissimilarity/distance among the accessions were estimated through qualitative characters, quantitative characters and molecular markers, besides through the joint analysis of the obtained data. Moreover, the association among the matrices was estimated. The results revealed existence of high variability among the accessions in terms of quantitative, qualitative and molecular characters evaluated. The only significant correlations found were between (i) the dissimilarity matrix estimated through joint analysis and the dissimilarity matrix estimated through qualitative data (r = 0,52); and (ii) the dissimilarity matrix estimated through joint analysis and the dissimilarity matrix estimated through molecular markers (r = 0,75). The weak association between these measures indicated that the best strategy to guide conservation actions and use of cassava industry germplasm is through studies of genetic divergence by the use of molecular markers, qualitative and quantitative traits in a joint and complementary way., O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar e estimar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de mandioca de indústria, com potencial de adaptação às condições do Cerrado do Brasil Central, por meio de caracteres quantitativos, qualitativos e marcadores moleculares de forma isolada e conjunta, bem como estimar a correlação entre as estimativas obtidas com base em cada grupo de caracteres. Dezesseis acessos de mandioca de indústria com potencial de adaptação às condições do Cerrado do Brasil Central foram avaliados a campo quanto a 11 caracteres quantitativos e 33 caracteres qualitativos, em experimento conduzido na Embrapa Cerrados. Os acessos foram também avaliados quanto a marcadores RAPD em laboratório. Posteriormente, foram estimadas as matrizes de dissimilaridade/distância genética entre os acessos por meio dos caracteres qualitativos, quantitativos e marcadores moleculares e pela análise conjunta dos dados. Além disso, foi estimada a correlação entre as matrizes. No grupo de acessos de indústria avaliados existe ampla variabilidade quanto aos caracteres quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares aferidos. As únicas correlações significativas encontradas foram entre (i) a matriz de dissimilaridade estimada por meio da análise conjunta e a matriz de dissimilaridade estimada por meio de dados qualitativos (r = 0,52) e; (ii) a matriz de dissimilaridade estimada por meio da análise conjunta e a matriz de dissimilaridade estimada por meio de marcadores moleculares (r= 0,75). A fraca associação entre essas medidas indicou que a melhor estratégia para orientar ações de conservação e uso de germoplasma de mandioca de indústria é por meio de estudos de divergência genética com o emprego de marcadores moleculares, caracteres qualitativos e caracteres quantitativos de forma conjunta e complementar.
Published: 2013

6. Phosphorus fertilization in the sowing furrow and foliar as affecting the common beans grain yield

Author: Embrapa, Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Cobucci, Tarcísio; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Sousa, Djalma Martinhão Gomes de; Embrapa Cerrados, Lima, Daniel de Paiva; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Embrapa, Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Cobucci, Tarcísio; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Sousa, Djalma Martinhão Gomes de; Embrapa Cerrados, and Lima, Daniel de Paiva; Embrapa Arroz e Feijão
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element in plant metabolism, and limiting the production of beans. One option would be through foliar fertilization, favoring the reduction of phosphate fertilizers in the soil, causing economic and environmental gains. However, this practice is still carried out without scientific basis, making it difficult to obtain reliable results. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the foliar P application increases the efficiency of utilization of P from soil by bean. The trial was conducted for three consecutive years in a representative soil of the Cerrado in the winter season with supplemental irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates in a factorial scheme 4 (rates of P applied in the soil) x 4 (rates of P applied foliar). The Increased in the rates of P applied to soil and foliar provided increased in the number pods m-2, grain yield and P content in the common bean plant. The highest grain yield (3,446 kg ha-1) was obtained with the combination of 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the soil with 1662 g of P2O5 ha-1 foliar. The crop response to the application of P in the soil was increased with foliar application., O fósforo (P) é um elemento essencial no metabolismo das plantas. Devido à elevada taxa de fixação do P em solos tropicais, o aproveitamento pela cultura varia de 5% a 25%. Uma opção seria fornecê-lo por meio da adubação foliar, favorecendo a redução da quantidade de adubos fosfatados aplicados via solo, gerando ganhos econômicos e ambientais. Entretanto, essa prática ainda é realizada sem embasamento cientifico, o que dificulta a obtenção de resultados confiáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que a aplicação de P foliar aumenta a eficiência de utilização de P do solo pelo feijoeiro. O experimento foi realizado por três anos agrícolas consecutivos em solo representativo do Cerrado, em cultivo de inverno com irrigação suplementar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 (doses de P no solo) x 4 (doses de P via foliar). O aumento das doses de P aplicadas via solo e foliar proporcionaram aumento do número vagens m-2, produtividade e teor de P na planta do feijoeiro comum. A maior produtividade do feijoeiro (3446 kg ha-1) foi obtida com a combinação de 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 via solo com 1662 g de P2O5 ha-1 via foliar. A resposta da cultura à aplicação de P no solo é incrementada com a aplicação do nutriente via foliar.
Published: 2014

7. Soil erosion as a result of phosphate fertilization on estimated aggregate stability in a typic Acriferric Red Latosol

Author: capes, cnpq, Martins, Sérgio Gualberto; Centro Universitário de Lavras. UNILAVRAS, Sá, Marcos Aurélio Carolino de; Embrapa Cerrados, Silva, Marx Leandro Naves; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lima, José Maria de; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Oliveira, Anna Hoffmann; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Nóbrega, Júlio César Azevedo; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Embrapa Pesca, Aquicultura e Sistemas Agrícolas, capes, cnpq, Martins, Sérgio Gualberto; Centro Universitário de Lavras. UNILAVRAS, Sá, Marcos Aurélio Carolino de; Embrapa Cerrados, Silva, Marx Leandro Naves; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lima, José Maria de; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Oliveira, Anna Hoffmann; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Nóbrega, Júlio César Azevedo; Universidade Federal do Piauí, and Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Embrapa Pesca, Aquicultura e Sistemas Agrícolas
Abstract: Phosphorus application in Brazilian soils is a common practice and such operation may affect some soil properties. Thus, with the objective of measuring the effect of the phosphate fertilization on aggregate stability and soil loss by erosion of a typic Acriferric Red Latosol from Lavras (MG), soil plots were fertilized with the equivalent to 450 kg ha-1 of P2O5, broadcasted, and 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5 applied over lines, in two plots of 72 m2. Aggregate stability was measured by sonication at different sizes of aggregates: 7.93 to 4.76; 4.76 to 2.00; 2.00 to 1.00; 1.00 to 0.50; 0.50 to 0.25 and <0.25 mm. Wet sieving was also performed to estimate aggregate stability at the fraction of 7.93 to 4.76 mm. The amount of erosion was measured using a grid of pins on soil surface. Phosphate fertilization significantly reduced aggregate stability by wet sieving and ultrasonic for larger aggregates than 1 mm, and increased the erosion in 2.85 times. Aggregates larger than 2 mm showed stability 2.83 times lower with phosphate, which could influence soil loss. The phosphate fertilization reduced the zero point of salt effect, and increased the negative charges density, which helps to explain these results., A aplicação de fósforo em solos brasileiros é uma prática frequente e tal operação pode afetar alguns atributos do solo. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fosfatagem na estabilidade de agregados e nas perdas de solo por erosão de um Latossolo Vermelho Acriférrico típico de Lavras (MG), foram aplicados, em duas parcelas de 72 m2, o equivalente a 450 kg ha-1 de P2O5 a lanço mais 180 kg ha-1 de P2O5 em linhas. A estabilidade de agregados foi determinada por ultra-som para classes de 7,93 a 4,76; 4,76 a 2,00; 2,00 a 1,00; 1,00 a 0,50; 0,50 a 0,25 e < 0,25 mm, e por peneiramento úmido para a fração de 7,93 a 4,76 mm. Também foi estimada a perda de solo por erosão com uso do sistema de pinos. A fosfatagem reduziu significativamente a estabilidade de agregados por peneiramento a úmido e por ultra-som para agregados maiores que 1 mm e aumentou as perdas de solo em 2,85 vezes. Agregados maiores que 2 mm apresentaram estabilidade 2,83 vezes menor com fosfatagem, o que pareceu influenciar as perdas de solo. A fosfatagem reduziu o ponto de efeito salino nulo e aumentou a densidade de cargas negativas, o que explicou os resultados obtidos.
Published: 2011

8. Iron and aluminum forms and their relationship with texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in the Cerrado Oxisol

Author: Égide - Centre Français pour l'Accueil et les Echanges Internationaux, Vendrame, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Eberhardt, Diogo Néia; Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Brito, Osmar Rodrigues; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Marchão, Robélio Lenadro; Embrapa Cerrados, Quantin, Cécile; Université de Paris-Sud XI, Becquer, Thierry; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Égide - Centre Français pour l'Accueil et les Echanges Internationaux, Vendrame, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Eberhardt, Diogo Néia; Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Brito, Osmar Rodrigues; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Marchão, Robélio Lenadro; Embrapa Cerrados, Quantin, Cécile; Université de Paris-Sud XI, and Becquer, Thierry; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Abstract: The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite and iron and aluminium oxides. The aim of this work was to perform a sequential extraction of iron and aluminium and to relate them to texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in Oxisols of the Cerrado region. The soil samples, 35 in total, were taken from the 0–20 cm layer in Oxisols under pasture located in the Brazilian Cerrado Region. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by full attack, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate were analyzed according to the textural classes using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Then these data were related to the mineralogy and organic carbon through a principal component analysis. Whatever the textures, iron oxides of high degree of crystallinity were the main form of iron and are positively correlated with the iron total content. The aluminum oxides have a high affinity to organic carbon than iron oxides. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by sodium pyrophosphate were closely related to soil pH., Os Latossolos da região do Cerrado apresentam mineralogia da fração argila relativamente simples, sendo constituídos principalmente por caulinita e óxidos de ferro e de alumínio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar extrações sequênciais de ferro e de alumínio e relacioná-los à mineralogia, textura e teores de carbono orgânico em Latossolos da região do Cerrado. Coletaram-se 35 amostras na camada de 0-20 cm de Latossolos sob pastagem da Região do Cerrado. Os teores de ferro e de alumínio extraídos pelo ataque total, ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio, oxalato ácido de amônia e pirofosfato de sódio foram analisados de acordo com a classe textural através do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Em seguida estes dados foram relacionados com a mineralogia e o carbono orgânico por meio de uma análise de componentes principais. Independentemente da classe textural, os óxidos de ferro de alto grau de cristalinidade representaram a principal forma de ferro e se correlacionam positivamente com os teores totais de ferro. Os óxidos de alumínio apresentaram maior afinidade ao carbono orgânico do que os óxidos de ferro. Os teores de ferro e alumínio extraídos pelo pirofosfato foram estreitamente relacionados ao pH dos solos.
Published: 2011

9. Brazilian passion fruit as a new healthy food: from its composition to health properties and mechanisms of action

Author: Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte, Tatiana Karla dos Santos Borges, Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira, Ana Maria Costa, Dragan Milenkovic, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), and EMBRAPA Cerrados
Subjects: 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Isovitexin, Flavonoid, Vitexin, Biodiversity, Biology, Antioxidants, Passiflora, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutraceutical, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Noncommunicable Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Orientin, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Traditional medicine, Plant Extracts, food and beverages, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Rats, chemistry, Fruit, Chronic Disease, Brazil, Food Science, Global biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the largest in the world, with about 41 000 species cataloged within two global biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah. Passiflora, known also as passion flowers, is a genus of which 96% of its species are distributed in the Americas, mainly Brazil and Colombia. Passion fruit extracts have a commercial value on a global scale through the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, self-care, and food and beverage industries. Passiflora are widely studied due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and vascular and neuronal protective effects, probably owing to their content of polyphenols. Passiflora setacea DC is a species of wild passion fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado, rich in flavonoid C-glycosides, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and orientin. Intake of these plant food bioactives has been associated with protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDCs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss the varieties of Passiflora, their content in plant food bioactives and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in preventing or reversing CNDCs.
Published: 2021

10. Acute Effects of the Consumption of Passiflora setacea Juice on Metabolic Risk Factors and Gene Expression Profile in Humans

Author: Tatiana Karla dos Santos Borges, Dragan Milenkovic, Artur J.M. Rosa, Ana Maria Costa, Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira, Christine Morand, Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)CAPES 001, and University of California
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Gene Expression, phenolic compounds, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Receptors, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, Passiflora, Interleukin-17, Diabetes, Interleukin, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Cholesterol, Homeostatic model assessment, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, insulin, HDL, lcsh:TX341-641, Inflammation, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Insulin resistance, Food Sciences, nutrigenomics, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Passiflora setacea, medicine, Cell Adhesion, Genetics, Humans, Receptors, Cytokine, Cytokine, Metabolic and endocrine, Nutrition, bioactive compounds, business.industry, Insulin, Prevention, Cholesterol, HDL, Overweight, medicine.disease, cytokines, cardiovascular diseases, immune system, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Dietary Supplements, gene expression, Insulin Resistance, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Food Science, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Background: Passiflora setacea (PS) is a passionfruit variety of the Brazilian savannah and is a rich source of plant food bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute intake of PS juice upon inflammation, metabolic parameters, and gene expression on circulating immune cells in humans. Methods: Overweight male volunteers (n = 12) were enrolled in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Blood samples were collected from fasting volunteers 3 h after the consumption of 250 mL of PS juice or placebo (PB). Metabolic parameters (insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total triglycerides) and circulating cytokines were evaluated (study 1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from the same subjects were isolated and RNA was extracted for transcriptomic analyses using microarrays (study 2). Results: Insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased statistically after the PS juice intake, whereas HDL level increased significantly. Interleukin (IL)-17A level increased after placebo consumption, whereas its level remained unchanged after PS juice consumption. Nutrigenomic analyses revealed 1327 differentially expressed genes after PS consumption, with modulated genes involved in processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, or cytokine&ndash, cytokine receptor. Conclusion: Taken together, these clinical results support the hypothesis that PS consumption may help the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Published: 2020

11. The 4 per 1000 goal and soil carbon storage under agroforestry and conservation agriculture systems in sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Emmanuel Torquebiau, Hervé Guibert, Rémi Cardinael, Krishna Naudin, Marc Corbeels, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, and Cardinael, Rémi
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Crop residue, Conservation agriculture, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Minimum tillage, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 2. Zero hunger, biology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Soil type, biology.organism_classification, Climate change mitigation, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: The 4‰ initiative launched by the French government at COP21 in Paris in December 2015 aspires to increase global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a rate of 0.4% per year. We conducted a systematic literature review on SOC storage under agroforestry and conservation agriculture systems in sub-Saharan Africa, where we reported 66 and 33 cases for both systems respectively. The results showed that SOC storage rates were significantly higher than 4‰ yr−1 in fallows and in multistrata agroforestry systems (P = 0.0001 and 0.0178, respectively), but not in alley cropping and parklands systems. For conservation agriculture, SOC storage rates were only significantly higher than 4‰ yr−1 (P = 0.0438) when all three principles were applied, i.e. no- or minimum tillage combined with crop residue retention and intercropping or rotation. The data showed very large variability in SOC storage rates as the result of various factors, including previous land-use history, experimental set up and approach used to determine SOC storage (diachronic versus synchronic approach), soil type, depth of soil sampling, type of crops and management, and duration of the experiment. SOC storage rates significantly decreased with time in the agroforestry systems (P = 0.0328). However, we were unable to find significant relationships with initial SOC stocks or tree density. Given the limited published data and the high variability in results, no significant relationships between SOC storage rates and site variables were found for conservation agriculture. We argue that there is a potential for SOC storage in agricultural soils of sub-Saharan Africa, as illustrated by SOC gaps observed on smallholder farms. Low SOC levels are, however, to a great extent the result of limited resources of most smallholder farmers. Practices such as agroforestry and conservation agriculture can restore SOC in these soils, but the 4‰ initiative has to be implemented on the grounds of the positive impact on crop productivity rather than on climate change mitigation. The efficiency in doing so will depend on the specific situations and will need economic support to smallholder farmers, including the promotion of good markets for sale of extra produce and for input supply, effective private support and policy, such as credit schemes and subsidies for inputs, and efficient extension services which incentivize farmers to invest in new technologies.
Published: 2019

12. Shrinkage of microaggregates in Brazilian Latosols during drying: significance of the clay content, mineralogy and hydric stress history

Author: Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Adriana Reatto, Isabelle Cousin, Michel Brossard, Éder de Souza Martins, Régis Guégan, Ary Bruand, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This research is part of the project Embrapa Cerrados - IRD, N°0203205 (Mapping of the Biome Cerrado Landscape and Functioning of Representative Soils)., Empresa (Embrapa Cerrados), Empresa, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Mineralogy, clay content, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Latosol, mineralogical composition, 01 natural sciences, Specific surface area, size distribution, microaggregate, medicine, shrinkage property, propriété de retrait, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shrinkage, latosol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Water retention, Soil water, Particle-size distribution, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle size, medicine.symptom, Clay minerals
Abstract: P>Latosols (Oxisols, Ferralsols) are characterized by a poor soil horizon differentiation, with a strong microgranular structure formed by microaggregates 50 to 300 mu m in size. This microgranular structure is generally considered to be very stable and the shrinkage properties of microaggregates as poor or absent. The objective of our study was to analyse the shrinkage properties of microaggregates in diagnostic Bw horizons collected in Latosols with various particle size distributions and mineralogical compositions depending on their location in a regional toposequence across the Brazilian central plateau. We measured the water retention properties at -300 and -1500 kPa with a centrifugation method. The morphology and size of elementary particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy; specific surface area (SSA) was determined by nitrogen adsorption. We also determined the pore size distribution of microaggregates by the combined use of mercury intrusion and the nitrogen desorption isotherm. Our results show that microaggregates of the Latosols studied were not rigid and shrank during drying. The pore volume of the -300 and -1500 kPa-treated samples, that of the dried microaggregates and the SSA were closely related to the clay content. The mineralogy of particles < 2 mu m played a secondary role in the properties studied. Our results show that microaggregate shrinkage at -300 kPa and -1500 kPa varied with the location of the Latosols in the landscape. Thus, microaggregates of Latosols located on the upper highland surface of Late Tertiary shrank less than those of the lowland surface of Late Quaternary, and this difference was attributed to their different hydric stress histories. Proprietes de retrait des microagregats de Latosols bresiliens: importance de la teneur en argile, de la composition mineralogique et de l'histoire hydrique. Resume Les Latosols (Oxisols, Ferralsols) sont caracterises par une faible differenciation de leurs horizons et une structure microgranulaire representee par des microagregats de 50 300 mu m de diametre. Ces microagregats sont generalement consideres comme etant tres stables et leurs proprietes de retrait comme etant tres limitees, voire absentes. L'objectif de cette etude est d'analyser les proprietes de retrait des microagregats dans l'horizon diagnostic Bw de Latosols de composition granulometrique et mineralogique variable en fonction de leur position le long d'une toposequence regionale selectionnee pour l'etude dans le Plateau Central bresilien. Nous avons mesure les quantites d'eau retenues -300 et -1500 kPa en utilisant la methode par centrifugation. La morphologie et la taille des particules elementaires ont ete etudiees en microscopie electronique transmission et l'aide de mesure de surface BET. Nous avons aussi determine la distribution de taille des pores dans les agregats deshydrates en combinant les donnees de la porosimetrie au mercure et celles issues de l'isotherme de desorption d'azote. Nos resultats montrent que les microagregats des Latosols etudies ne sont pas rigides et diminuent de volume lors de la dessiccation. Le volume poral des microagregats -300 et -1500 kPa ainsi que leur volume poral apres deshydratation sont etroitement lies la teneur en argile. En revanche, la composition mineralogique de la fraction < 2 mu m ne jouerait au plus qu'un role secondaire dans les variations du volume poral. Nos resultats ont montre que les proprietes de retrait des microagregats varient en fonction de la position des Latosols dans le paysage. Ainsi, les microagregats des Latosols situes sur les hauts plateaux de la fin du Tertiaire diminuent moins de volume lors de la dessiccation que les agregats situes sur les surfaces du Quaternaire recent et situees en contrebas dans le paysage. Une telle difference de comportement serait liee l'histoire hydrique des Latosols, ceux situes sur les surfaces les plus anciennes ayant vraisemblablement subi des contraintes hydriques plus elevees que ceux situes sur les surfaces les plus recentes.
Published: 2009

13. Indicators of Soil Physical Quality: From Simplicity to Complexity

Author: Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola, Ary Bruand, Vilson Antonio Klein, Glenio Guimarães Santos, Alvaro Pires da Silva, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Rachel Muylaert Locks Guimarães, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Cássio Antonio Tormena, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá [Maringá] (UEM), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Departamento de Ciência do Solo e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná [Curitiba] (UTFPR), Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Marcos Bacis Ceddia, Marta Vasconcelos Ottoni, and Guilheme Kangussu Donnagema
Subjects: Least limiting water range, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil physics, Crop growth, Visual evaluation, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil compaction (agriculture), S index, Relative compaction, Soil structure, Soil functions, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Quality (business), Simplicity, Soil compaction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: International audience; In working with soil physics, getting new answers to the same questions is a challenge. As soil physicists, we are always hoping to find new ways of understanding such a complex soil science area. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the ways to assess soil physical quality for crop growth, using ascending complexity classification, from the simplest to the more complex soil physical indicators for crop growth.
Published: 2014

14. Burkholderia diazotrophica sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Mimosa spp

Author: J. Peter W. Young, Wen-Ming Chen, Geoffrey N. Elliott, Lionel Moulin, Rémy Melkonian, Cyril Bontemps, Eduardo Gross, Janet I. Sprent, Shih-Yi Sheu, Jui-Hsing Chou, Euan K. James, Fábio Bueno dos Reis Junior, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne (DynAMic), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The James Hutton Institute, Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Dundee, University of York [York, UK], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China [NSC 96-2313-B-022-001-MY3]
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Mimosa, food.ingredient, Root nodule, Burkholderia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Microbiology, Database, 03 medical and health sciences, Deoxyribonucleic-acid, food, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Symbiotic nitrogen-fixation, Phospholipids, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Base Composition, 0303 health sciences, Diversity, Strain (chemistry), Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Maximum-likelihood, Fatty Acids, Quinones, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Paraburkholderia, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, Legumes, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Burkholderia hospita, Genes, Bacterial, Ralstonia-taiwanensis, beta-rhizobia, Root Nodules, Plant, Brazil, Burkholderia phymatum, Phymatum
Abstract: Five strains, JPY461T, JPY359, JPY389, DPU-3 and STM4206 were isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of Mimosa spp. and their taxonomic positions were investigated using a polyphasic approach. All five strains grew at 15–40 °C (optimum, 30–37 °C), at pH 4.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0 % (w/v)]. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, a representative strain (JPY461T) showed 97.2 % sequence similarity to the closest related species Burkholderia acidipaludis SA33T, a similarity of 97.2 % to Burkholderia terrae KMY02T, 97.1 % to Burkholderia phymatum STM815T and 97.1 % to Burkholderia hospita LMG 20598T. The predominant fatty acids of the five novel strains were summed feature 2 (comprising C16 : 1 iso I and/or C14 : 0 3-OH), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0 , C16 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 : 1 ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content of the strains was 63.0–65.0 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and several unidentified phospholipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness of the novel strain with respect to recognized species of the genus Burkholderia was less than 54 %. On the basis of 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence similarities, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, the five strains represent a novel species in the genus Burkholderia , for which the name Burkholderia diazotrophica sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain, JPY461T ( = LMG 26031T = BCRC 80259T = KCTC 23308T).
Published: 2013

15. Analysis of physical quality of soil using the water retention curve: Validity of the S-index Analyse de la qualité physique du sol à partir de la courbe de rétention de l'eau : validité de l'indice S

Author: Guimarães Santos, Glenio, Medrado Da Silva, Euzebio, Leandro Marchão, Robélio, Marques Da Silveira, Pedro, Bruand, Ary, James, Francois, Becquer, Thierry, Universidade Federal do Piauí, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans (MAPMO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Embrapa Cerrados-IRD, No. 0203205 (Mapping of the Biome Cerrado Landscape and Functioning of Representative Soils)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Densité apparente, Modèle de van Genuchten, Indice S, Compaction du sol, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: C. R. Geosci. ISI Document Delivery No.: 761BF Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 30 Santos, Glenio Guimaraes da Silva, Euzebio Medrado Marchao, Robelio Leandro da Silveira, Pedro Marques Bruand, Ary James, Francois Becquer, Thierry CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil); Embrapa Cerrados-IRD [0203205] This research is part of the project Embrapa Cerrados-IRD, No. 0203205 (Mapping of the Biome Cerrado Landscape and Functioning of Representative Soils). This work was supported by a grant awarded to G.G. Santos by the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil) Elsevier france-editions scientifiques medicales elsevier Paris; International audience; Among the various soil indicators established in order to discuss physical properties of soils is the S-index, derived from the slope of the soil water retention curve at its inflection point, used by a number of authors. In this publication we discuss the value of the slope at the inflection point of the soil water retention curve according to the independent variable used to plot it. We show that a representation of the water content according to the arithmetic rather than logarithmic expression of the suction for the S-index yields a different result for the soil selected. More generally, our results show that examining the physical properties of soil using a water retention curve plotted with an arithmetic expression of suction offers greater potential than when plotted with its natural or decimal logarithm as is often found in the literature. Parmi les différents indicateurs qui ont été proposés pour rendre compte des propriétés physiques du sol, l'indice S, qui correspond à la pente de la courbe de rétention en eau du sol à son point d'inflexion, a été largement utilisé. Dans cet article, nous discutons de la valeur de la pente au point d'inflexion de la courbe de rétention en eau du sol, en fonction de la variable indépendante qui est utilisée pour le déterminer. Nous montrons que la représentation de la teneur en eau en fonction de l'expression arithmétique de la succion au lieu de son expression logarithme, comme pour l'indice S, conduit à un résultat différent pour le sol sélectionné. Plus généralement, nos résultats montrent qu'une discussion des propriétés physiques du sol, en utilisant une représentation de la courbe de rétention d'eau en fonction de l'expression arithmétique de la succion, offre plus de possibilités que l'expression logarithmique naturelle ou décimale qui a été largement utilisée jusqu'alors.
Published: 2011

16. Soil macroinvertebrate communities: A world‐wide assessment

Author: Patrick Lavelle, Jérôme Mathieu, Alister Spain, George Brown, Carlos Fragoso, Emmanuel Lapied, Adriana De Aquino, Isabelle Barois, Edmundo Barrios, Maria Eleusa Barros, Jose Camilo Bedano, Eric Blanchart, Mark Caulfield, Yamileth Chagueza, Jun Dai, Thibaud Decaëns, Anahi Dominguez, Yamileth Dominguez, Alexander Feijoo, Patricia Folgarait, Steven J. Fonte, Norma Gorosito, Esperanza Huerta, Juan Jose Jimenez, Courtland Kelly, Gladys Loranger, Robelio Marchão, Raphael Marichal, Catarina Praxedes, Leonardo Rodriguez, Guillaume Rousseau, Laurent Rousseau, Nuria Ruiz, Catalina Sanabria, Juan Carlos Suarez, Jerôme Ebagnerin Tondoh, Anne De Valença, Steven J. Vanek, Joel Vasquez, Elena Velasquez, Emily Webster, Chi Zhang, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), perso, Adresse personnelle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Instituto de Ecologia (INECOL), Taxonomia International Foundation, FAO Plant Production and Protection Division (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universidad del Atlántico (UA), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Farming Systems Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Department of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration, Faculté des sciences exactes et naturelles (UFR SEN), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, Embrapa Cerrados Planaltina, Coordenação de Zoologia, and We are grateful to Drs John Donaldson and Stella Zerbino for providing data from Australia and Uruguay, respectively, for the Macrofauna database.
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Macrofauna database, P34 - Biologie du sol, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, soil ecology, Soil Physics and Land Management, communities, land cover, soil macroinvertebrates, L20 - Écologie animale, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, network analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed world-wide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices. Location: Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55 degrees S to 57 degrees N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5-32 degrees C. Time period: 1980-2018. Major taxa studied: All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and "others". Methods: Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger's method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations. Results: Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 +/- 234 individuals/m(2)) and savannahs (1,796 +/- 72 individuals/m(2)), progressively decreased in tropical cropping systems (tree-associated crops, 1,358 +/- 120 individuals/m(2); pastures, 1,178 +/- 154 individuals/m(2); and annual crops, 867 +/- 62 individuals/m(2)), temperate grasslands (529 +/- 60 individuals/m(2)), forests (232 +/- 20 individuals/m(2)) and annual crops (231 +/- 24 individuals/m(2)) and temperate dry forests and shrubs (195 +/- 11 individuals/m(2)). Agricultural management decreased overall abundance by
Published: 2022

17. Introduire La recherche action en partenariat en cours de route : Le projet Unai au Brésil

Author: Sabourin, Éric, Triomphe, Bernard, Hocdé, Henri, Valadares Xavier, José Humberto, Nascimento De Oliveira, Marcelo, SABOURIN, ERIC, Actions collectives, politiques et marchés (UPR Politiques et marchés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), G. Faure, P. Gasselin, and B. Triomphe... [et al.]
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

18. Nature et propriétés de l'horizon diagnostic de Latosols du Plateau Central brésilien

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans, Ary Bruand, Michel Brossard, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Ary Bruand(Ary.Bruand@univ-orleans.fr), and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: minéralogie, Hydraulic properties, Ferralsol, Latosols, Propriétés hydrauliques, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Oxisol, mineralogy, micromorphology, Oxisols, termite, Microstructure, micromorphologie
Abstract: The Latosols correspond to about 40% of the Brazilian Central Plateau. They are characterized by low activity clay, little horizon differentiation, a weak macrostructure and a strong microgranular structure resulting in microaggregates 50 to 300 µm in size. Ten Latosols (L) were selected along a 350-km long regional toposequence across the South American Surface (SAS) (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (VS) (L5 to L10). The studied Latosols take into account the textural and mineralogical variability, as well as the topographical location and parental material variability. Our results showed a large variation of the kaolinite and gibbsite content in relation to a regional component attributed to the age of the geomorphic surface and a local component mainly related to the hydraulic conditions along the toposequence. The results showed also that the microgranular structure varied without any relationship with the texture and mineralogy of the fine material. It appeared as being mainly related to soil bioturbation by termites. The microaggregates of the Latosols studied are not rigid but shrink during drying with no relation with the mineralogy of the fine material. Our results showed that the microaggregates of the Latosols located on the SAS shrink less than those of the Latosols located on the VS. This would be related to a difference of hydric stress history. Finally, the water retention properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity varied according to the clay content and development of pores larger than 300 µm in diameter respectively without any apparent role of the mineralogy of the fine material.; Les Latosols correspondent à environ 40% du Plateau Central brésilien. Ils sont caractérisés par une faible activité de l'argile, une faible différenciation de leurs horizons, une macrostructure peu développée et une microstructure en revanche très développée représentée par des microagrégats de 50 à 300 µm de diamètre. Dix Latosols (L) ont été sélectionnés le long d'une toposéquence régionale d'environ 350 km de long qui recoupe la Surface Sud Américaine (SAS) (L1 à L4) et la Surface Velhas (VS) (L5 à L10). Ces différents Latosols rendent compte de la variabilité de composition granulométrique et minéralogique, et de celle de matériau parental que l'on peut rencontrer dans le Plateau Central brésilien. Nos résultats montrent que la variabilité de proportion de gibbsite et de kaolinite peut s'expliquer à la fois par l'âge de la surface géomorphologique et les conditions hydriques en fonction de la position topographique au sein de chaque toposéquence. Les résultats montrent également que la structure microagrégée ne varie pas en fonction de la composition granulométrique ou minéralogique. Elle est apparue en revanche liée à la bioturbation du sol par les termites. Il a aussi été montré que les microagrégats des Latosols étudiés ne sont pas rigides mais diminuent de volume lors de la dessiccation. De plus, la composition minéralogique de la fraction argileuse ne jouerait qu'un rôle marginal dans les variations du volume poral lors de la dessiccation. Les microagrégats des Latosols situés sur la SAS diminuent moins de volume lors de la dessiccation que les microagrégats situés sur la VS, cette différence serait liée à leur histoire hydrique. Enfin, les propriétés de rétention en eau et la conductivité hydraulique à saturation varient respectivement en fonction de la teneur en argile et du développement des pores de diamètre supérieur à 300 µm, et par conséquent sans lien étroit avec la minéralogie de la fraction argileuse.
Published: 2009

19. Development and origin of the microgranular structure in Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau: significance of texture, mineralogy, and biological activity

Author: Adriana Reatto, Osmar Abilio de Carvalho, Guy Richard, Ary Bruand, Michel Brossard, Fabrice Muller, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Éder de Souza Martins, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, Agrosystèmes et impacts environnementaux carbone-azote (Agro-Impact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Embrapa Cerrados - IRD, n°0203205, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité d'Agronomie Laon-Reims-Mons (LAON)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, GIBBSITE, Mineralogy, FAUNE DU SOL, Latosol, ANALYSE MINERALOGIQUE, 01 natural sciences, Texture (geology), STRUCTURE DU SOL, Termite, Soil structure, Micromorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Microstructure, ANALYSE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Horizon (geology), geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, TERMITE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, KAOLINITE, 15. Life on land, Oxisol, ARGILE, South american, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, MICROSTRUCTURE, Bioturbation, Porosity, Geology, Brazil
Abstract: International audience; Brazilian Latosols are characterized by low activity clay, little horizon differentiation, a weak macrostructure and a strong microgranular structure. The development of the latter that was reported as being possibly related to the fine material mineralogy, location in the landscape, parental material and biological activity is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to discuss the origin of the microgranular structure of Latosols located in the Brazilian Central Plateau. Ten Latosols (L) developed in different parent materials were selected along an approximately 350-km long regional toposequence across the South American Surface (SAS) (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (VS) (L5 to L10). The structure of the Latosols was studied in the field and samples of the diagnostic Bw horizons were collected for laboratory analyses. Basic soil characterization was performed on the
Published: 2009

20. Understanding the genesis of ultramafic soils and catena dynamics in Niquelandia, Brazil

Author: Jérémie Garnier, Thierry Becquer, Éder de Souza Martins, Vijayendra K. Garg, Cécile Quantin, Edi Mendes Guimarães, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus Univ. Darcy Ribeiro (IG GMP ICC Ctr), University Darcy Ribeiro, UMR BioSol 137, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Embrapa Cerrados, and EMBRAPA Cerrados
Subjects: Chromium, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Garnierite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ni-bearing smectites, Ultramafic rock, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pedogenesis, Chromite, Ultramafic soil, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Silicate, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Clay minerals, Geology
Abstract: This study focuses on the fate of chromium during ultramafic weathering under tropical conditions. Three soils were studied along a characteristic catena on the ultramafic outcrop of Niquelândia, Brazil. In these soils, the Cr-bearing minerals are inherited chromites (15.4–26.8 wt.% Cr) and magnetites (0.4–4.8 wt.% Cr) and secondary minerals such as iron oxides (0–2 wt.% Cr) or Ni-smectites (0–6.8 wt.% Cr). Indeed, during weathering, Cr liberated from primary minerals can first be incorporated into Ni-smectites (garnierite) or Fe oxides. As the weathering continues, smectites become unstable and Cr liberated into the soil solution, and incorporates in Fe oxides. In this oxidized environment, Fe and Mn are oxidized and oxides can incorporate elements like Cr, Ni and Al. Two types of chromites were distinguished, i.e. a vein type (VC) and a rock type (RC) according to their composition. Chromites could be used as tracer of pedogenesis processes due to the distinct composition of VC and RC types. They allow us to show that the upper part of some soil profile results exclusively from colluvial processes, and the lower part of the profile results from the ultramafic bedrock weathering. The chromite tracer allows us to propose a model of the catena evolution.
Published: 2009

21. Caracterização da polpa do coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata var capitata)

Author: FARIA, J. P., ALMEIDA, F., SILVA, L. C. R. da, VIEIRA, R. F., AGOSTINI COSTA, T. da S., Juliana Pereira Faria bolsista Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Fernanda Almeida, Embrapa Cerrados, Lucas Carvalho Ramos da Silva, Embrapa Cerrados, Roberto Fontes Vieira, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, and Tania da Silveira Agostini Costa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia.
Subjects: Vitamina, Cerrado, Fruta nativa, Coquinho, Butia capitata
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T00:41:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SP19561ID30533.pdf: 68915 bytes, checksum: 12046a4d139cbb8ad4afc1beda8deec3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-03
Published: 2008

22. Expression in Escherichia coli, purification, refolding and antifungal activity of an osmotin from Solanum nigrum

Author: CAMPOS, M. de A., SILVA, M. S., MAGALHÃES, C. P., RIBEIRO, S. G., SARTO, R. P. D., VIEIRA, E. A., GROSSI de SÁ, M. F., Magnólia de Araujo Campos estagiária Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Marília Santos Silva, Embrapa Cerrados, Cláudio Picanço Magalhães bolsista Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Simone da Graça Ribeiro, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Rafael Perseghini Del Sarto estagiário Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Eduardo Alano Vieira, Embrapa Cerrados, and Maria Fátima Grossi de Sá, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia.
Subjects: Escherichia Coli, Atividade antifúngica, Solanum nigrum
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-14T18:08:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SP19684ID31030.pdf: 2857869 bytes, checksum: 2fcb482559bb5ead05db3f020d34f5cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Published: 2008

23. Validity of the centrifuge method for determining the water retention properties of tropical soils

Author: Ary Bruand, Éder de Souza Martins, Adriana Reatto, Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Subjects: Centrifuge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pressure plate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Water retention, Set (abstract data type), Data point, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, medicine, Tropical soils, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Geotechnical engineering, medicine.symptom, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This study aims at comparing the centrifuge and pressure plate methods when appropriate duration of run is adopted. Samples collected in tropical soils located in Brazil along a 10-km local hydrosequence across the Cerrado-Amazonia transition (set 1) and along a 350-km regional toposequence across the Cerrado region (set 2) were selected to compare and discuss statistically the similarity of the soil-water retention recorded by using the pressure plate and centrifuge methods. The results showed good agreement (R2 = 0.99) for the 1:1 comparison of measured point-wise soil-water content values (set 1) as well as for the fitted soil-water content curves by van Genuchten model using data points obtained with the two methods (set 2). Thus, the centrifuge method should be considered as an appropriate method for determining soil-water retention properties not only for the similar results with the pressure plate method but also for being much less time consuming.
Published: 2008

24. Variation of the kaolinite and gibbsite content at regional and local scale in Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau Variabilité à l'échelle régionale et locale de la teneur en kaolinite et gibbsite des latosols du plateau central brésilien

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, De Souza Martins, Éder, Muller, Fabrice, Medrado Da Silva, Euzebio, Abilio De Carvalho Jr, Osmar, Brossard, Michel, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) for its financial support of A. Reatto's work in France. This research is part of the project Embrapa Cerrados-IRD, No.0203205 (Mapping of the Biome Cerrado Landscape and Functioning of Representative Soils).
Subjects: Ferralsol, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oxisol, Mineralogy, Iron oxyhydroxide, Biome Cerrado, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Soil color
Abstract: International audience; The mineralogy of the Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau remains under discussion in the absence of a clear relationship with their age according to their geomorphic location. The aim of this study was thus to clarify the origin of the kaolinite and gibbsite content variation by studying a regional toposequence and using data from the literature. Chemical composition and soil color were used to discuss mineralogy. The mineralogy of the clay fraction was also investigated using X-ray diagrams. Our results showed that the large variation of kaolinite and gibbsite content can be explained by taking into account both their local and regional location, the variation of the hematite and goethite content remaining limited. The model that is proposed to explain such variation combines a regional component, which is mainly associated to the age of the geomorphic surface and a local component which is mainly associated to the hydraulic conditions along the toposequence. La minéralogie des latosols du Plateau Central brésilien est discutée en l'absence de relation clairement établie avec leur âge qui est en fonction de leur position géomorphologique. L'objectif de cette étude est par conséquent de clarifier l'origine de la variation de teneur en kaolinite et gibbsite en étudiant une toposéquence régionale et les données de la littérature. La minéralogie a été discutée à partir de la composition chimique et de la couleur du sol. Elle a aussi été discutée à l'aide des données de la diffraction des rayons X. Les résultats montrent que la variation élevée de la proportion de kaolinite et de gibbsite des latosols peut être expliquée en prenant en compte à la fois leur localisation régionale et locale. Le modèle proposé combine en effet une composante régionale qui est principalement liée à l'âge de la surface géomorphologique et une composante locale qui est principalement liée aux conditions hydriques le long de la toposéquence.
Published: 2008

25. Atividade enzimática e perfil da comunidade bacteriana em solo submetido à solarização e biofumigação

Author: PASSOS, S. R., REIS JÚNIOR, F. B., RUMJANEK, N. G., MENDES, I. de C., BAPTISTA, M. J., XAVIER, G. R., Samuel Ribeiro Passos, UFRRJ, Fábio Bueno dos Reis Júnior, CPAC, Norma Gouvêa Rumjanek, CNPAB, Iêda de Carvalho Mendes, CPAC, Miriam Josefina Baptista, CNPH, Gustavo Ribeiro Xavier, CNPAB., Mirian Josefina Batista, Embrapa Hortaliças, Fábio Bueno dos Reis Junior, Embrapa Cerrados, Ieda de Carvalho Mendes, Embrapa Cerrados, Norma Gouvêa Rumjanek, Embrapa Agrobiologia, and Gustavo Ribeiro Xavier, Embrapa Agrobiologia.
Subjects: Solarização, Beta-glicosidade, Solo, Manejo do Solo, Microbio, Enzima, Ecologia microbiana, Cama de Galinheiro, Biofumigação, Diversidade microbiana, Ecologia, Beta-glicosidase
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo, por meio da atividade da enzima beta-glicosidase e do perfil do 16S rDNA, determinado com PCR-DGGE. A solarização do solo, com cobertura de plástico, foi feita por períodos de dois, quatro e seis meses, e a biofumigação foi realizada pela incorporação de 2 e 5% (v/v) de cama-de-frango ao solo. Logo após a retirada da cobertura de plástico e aos 30 dias após a remoção, a atividade da beta-glicosidase foi menor em relação ao tratamento não solarizado. Aos 60 dias, não foram mais observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de cama-de-frango a 5% estimulou a atividade da beta-glicosidase. O perfil da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi influenciado pelo tempo de solarização, independentemente da época da retirada da cobertura de plástico. Não foi observado efeito da adição de cama-de-frango ao solo, no perfil da comunidade. A solarização afeta a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas esses efeitos não são mais detectáveis após 60 dias da retirada da cobertura de plástico, diferentemente do que foi observado em relação à estrutura da comunidade bacteriana por PCR-DGGE. A biofumigação estimula a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas não afeta o perfil da comunidade microbiana. Made available in DSpace on 2011-07-08T11:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 43n07a12.pdf: 301268 bytes, checksum: 3a1676c11540527d960298e690b92edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05
Published: 2008

26. Activation Energy of Kaolinite Dehydroxylation of Brazilian Central Plateau Latosols

Author: De Souza Martins, Éder, Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, Medrado Da Silva, Euzebio, Abilio De Carvalho Jr, Osmar, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), EUROCLAY, and POTHIER, Nathalie
Subjects: [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The Brazilian Central Plateau Latosols occurs on Tertiary South American and Velhas planning surfaces. The purpose of this work was to determine activation energy of kaolinite dehydroxylation and its genesis relationships of the Brazilian Central Plateau Latosols.
Published: 2007

27. Kaolinite cristalinity index of Latosols as environment indicator of the Brazilian Central Plateau geomorphologic surfaces

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, De Souza Martins, Éder, Muller, Fabrice, Penhoud, Philippe, Medrado Da Silva, Euzebio, Brossard, Michel, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, EUROCLAY, and POTHIER, Nathalie
Subjects: CROISSANCE CRISTALLINE, KAOLINITE, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, MINERAL, COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE
Abstract: International audience; The Brazilian Central Plateau is constituted of the South American Surface and Velhas Surface geomorphologic surfaces and represents 24% of the Brazilian territory. Latosols cover about 40% of these Surfaces. Kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite and hematite were recognized in different proportions in the clay fraction of Latosols by many authors. The objective of this work was to analyse the kaolinite cristalinity and to discuss its variability according to the Latosol location on the geomorphic Surfaces of the Brazilian Central Plateau.
Published: 2007

28. Hydraulic properties of the diagnostic horizon of Latosols of a regional toposequence across the Brazilian Central Plateau

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, Silva, Euzébio M., De Souza Martins, Éder, Brossard, Michel, POTHIER, Nathalie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, EMBRAPA, and EMPRABA Cerrados - Brésil
Subjects: pedotransfer function, Ferralsol, oxisol, Structure, Cerrado, Water retention, structure, Oxisol, ferralsol, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Pedotransfer function, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, water retention
Abstract: International audience; The Brazilian Central Plateau covers about 40% of the Cerrados Biome and represents 24% of the Brazilian territory. The Latosols that correspond to about 40 % of the surface area of the Central Plateau are characterized by a poor horizonation, a weak macrostructure and a strong development of the fine granular structure composed of sub-rounded microaggregates 50 to 300 µm in size. In this study, we analyzed the hydraulic properties of a set of Latosols varying according to their clay content and mineralogy with respect to their location along a regional topossequence across the Brazilian Central Plateau. Ten Latosols (L) were selected on the South American Surface (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (L5 to L10) and we studied the properties of their diagnostic horizon (Bw). We measured their bulk density and particle density, and the soil-water retention properties at 1, 6, 10, 33, 300, and 1500 kPa by using the centrifugation method. We also determined the saturated hydraulic conductivity in the field using the Guelph permeameter procedure. Results showed that the total pore volume (Vp) ranged from 0.460 to 0.819 cm3 g-1 and 58.2 % of the variance was explained for by the clay content. According to Balbino et al. (2002), Vp was divided into a volume of intra-microaggregates pores (Vintra) and inter-microaggregates pores (Vinter). Results showed that Vintra ranged from 0.090 to 0.234 cm3 g-1 and Vinter from 0.305 to 0.585 cm3 g-1. Results showed also that Vp explained a proportion of the variance of the water retained that decreased with the water potential. On the other hand, the clay content explained a proportion of that variance that increases when the water potential decreased. The great proportion of variance (90.7 %) explained for by the clay content alone at 1500 kPa showed that there is little variability that can be attributed to clay mineralogy variation. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was related to an effective porosity (Φe) defined as the volume proportion of pore with equivalent diameter > 300 µm. Finally, our results showed that water retention properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity varied mainly according to the clay content and development of large pores without any close link with the mineralogy of the clay fraction.
Published: 2007

29. Risques de stress hydrique sur les cultures dans les Cerrados brésiliens. Du zonage régional à l'analyse des risques à l'échelle des exploitations familiales

Author: François Affholder, Assad, Eduardo Delgado, Bonnal, Philippe, Da Silva, Fernando Antonio Macena, Forest, Francis, Netto, Jose Madeira, Scopel, Eric, Corbeels, Marc, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Actions collectives, politiques et marchés (UPR Politiques et marchés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Systèmes de semis direct sous couverture végétale (UPR 1 Couverts permanents), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UMR INRA / ENSAM / CIRAD : Fonctionnement et Conduite des Systèmes de Cultures Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)
Subjects: models, cultivation, risk analysis, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, exploitation agricole, analyse du risque, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, modèle, farms, pratique culturale, Brazil, Brésil
Abstract: Article en libre accès : http://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/cahiers-agricultures/article/view/30603; International audience; This paper recalls the principal stages of a French-Brazilian research program on the management of farmers' production risks due to water stress in the Brazilian Cerrados. The objective was to make recommendations to lower the production risks, in terms of both agricultural management practices and insurance policies. An agro-climatic classification at a regional scale allowed for the creation of more efficient credit systems and agricultural insurance coverage, which were mostly beneficial to the large agro-industrial farmers of the region. Subsequently, the case of the smallholder farms was studied by using cropping systems and farm models. The application of these models showed that the risks with which small-scale farmers are confronted are very variable according to the environmental conditions and that they are a limiting factor for a possible intensification of the production. These models, which take into account the constraints specific to the various types of small-scale farms, might be used as a tool for improving existing agricultural insurance systems, particularly in order to better integrate the constraints specific to small-scale farms.; Cet article retrace les principales étapes d’une recherche franco-brésilienne portant sur la caractérisation des risques de stress hydrique dans les Cerrados brésiliens, avec l’objectif de faire des recommandations pour les réduire, à la fois en termes de pratiques culturales et en termes de politique d’assurance agricole. Un zonage agroclimatique à l’échelle régionale a permis d’améliorer le système de crédit de campagne et d’assurance agricole dont bénéficient les grandes exploitations agro-industrielles de la région. Le cas des exploitations familiales a été ensuite étudié en ayant recours à la modélisation des systèmes de culture et des exploitations. L’emploi de ces modèles a montré que les risques auxquels les exploitants sont confrontés sont très variables selon les milieux et peuvent limiter les possibilités d’intensification. Ces modèles pourraient être utilisés pour améliorer le système d’assurance existant et en particulier pour mieux tenir compte des contraintes propres aux divers types d’exploitations familiales.
Published: 2006

30. Mineralogy of Latosols along a regional toposequence across the Central Plateau (Brazil) : first results

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, De Souza Martins, Éder, Muller, Fabrice, Silva, Euzébio M., Guimarães, Edi M., Brossard, Michel, Vlahovic, I. (ed.), Tibljas, D. (ed.), Durn, G. (ed.), Bisevac, V. (ed.), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), and Embrapa
Subjects: HORIZON, GIBBSITE, KAOLINITE, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SOL DEGRADE, ANALYSE MINERALOGIQUE, MICROSCOPIE ELECTRONIQUE A TRANSMISSION
Abstract: The Brazilian Central Plateau is constituted of the two main geomorphic surfaces: the South American surface and the Velhas surface. These surfaces were developed during the Cretaceous Superior and Tertiary and are covered by deeply weathered Latosols. The South American surface is the oldest and occupies the highest position in the landscape (950 to 1,200 m altitude) with smoothly convex plane portions. The Velhas surface is composed by irregular and slightly sloping planes and occupies in the landscape (750 to 950 m altitude). It is connected to the South American surface by areas of steep hillsides.
Published: 2006

31. Mejoramiento participativo en maíz; su contribución: en el empoderamiento comunitario en le municipio de Muqui, Brasil

Author: MACHADO, A. T., NUNES, J. A., MACHADO, C. T. de T., NASS, L. L., BETTERO, F. C. da R., Altair Toledo Machado, Embrapa Cerrados, José Arcanjo Nunes, UFES, Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado, Embrapa Cerrados, Luciano Lourenço Nass, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, and Franknély Candido da Rocha Bettero, Comunidad Fortaleza en Muqui.
Subjects: Agrobiodiversidade, Brasil, Agroecologia, Muqui, Zea Mays, Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-07T01:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ID291711.pdf: 247599 bytes, checksum: a0957c71de128dd5444bf48edeed64ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-19
Published: 2006

32. Modeling of Latosol development on geomorphic surfaces of the Brazilian Central Plateau: First results

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Bruand, Ary, De Souza Martins, Éder, Silva, Euzébio M., Abilio De Carvalho Jr, Osmar, Brossard, Michel, Muller, Fabrice, Cornu, Sophie, Richard, Guy, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, Unité de Science du Sol, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Latosols are deeply weathered soils characteristic of the moist tropics. Many Latosols have kaolinitic horizons overlying more gibbsitic ones (Lucas, 1989), for which there has been no satisfactory pedological explanation and why they have often been considered as a sedimentary succession. Several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon were expressed: biogeochemical recycling of Si by the forest (Lucas et al., 1993) or the activity of termites (Volland-Tuduri, 2005). The objective of this study is to model the development of Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau considering the respective effect of parent material, time or biological activity. This plateau is constituted of the two main geomorphic surfaces: the South American surface (Suface I) and the Velhas surface (Surface II). In the Central Plateau, the Latosols can be identified as Red Latosols (~28%), Yellow Red Latosols (~10%) and Yellow Latosols (~2%), (Reatto, 1998).
Published: 2006

33. Particle size distribution and mineralogy of Brazilian Ferralsols: Significance for the structure and hydraulic properties

Author: Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Silva, E.M., Bruand, Ary, Martins, E.S., Cousin, Isabelle, Brossard, Michel, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Actualisation et valorisation des données pédologiques tropicales et méditerranéennes. Contributions à la recherche, à l'expertise et à l'aide à la gestion des ressources (VALPEDO)
Subjects: [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: The Cerrados Biome is one of the major regions of Brazil with 24% of the Brazilian territory (204.106 ha). It is mainly located in the center of Brazil and corresponds to the whole Central Plateau. About 49% of the soils are Ferralsols and approximately 79.106 ha of these soils are dedicated to agriculture. The main characteristics of Ferralsols are a poor horizonation, a weak development of the macrostructure, and a strong submillimetric granular microstructure.
Published: 2006

34. Modelling Bulk Density According to Structure Development: Toward an Indicator of Microstructure Development in Ferralsols

Author: Bruand, Ary, Balbino, Luíz Carlos, Volland-Tuduri, Nathalie, Cousin, Isabelle, Reatto-Braga, Adriana, Inês Lopes De Oliveira, Maria, De Souza Martins, Éder, Brossard, Michel, Disnar, Jean-Robert, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, and Actualisation et valorisation des données pédologiques tropicales et méditerranéennes. Contributions à la recherche, à l'expertise et à l'aide à la gestion des ressources (VALPEDO)
Subjects: [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Ferralsols have a ferralic horizon at some depth between 30 and 200 cm that results from long and intense weathering. Their clay fraction is usually mainly low-activity clay consisting of kaolinite with hematite, goethite and gibbsite in different proportions. Ferralsols show little or no horizonation, and their macrostructure is absent to moderate. On the other hand, they have typically a strong microstructure consisting of microaggregates < 1 mm in size. Because of the lack or small development of macrostructure, porosity of Ferralsols is closely related to the development of microstructure and the assemblage of elementary particles within the microaggregates with a small contribution of large pores resulting from root development and macrofaunal activity. Their physical properties are then closely related to the development of this microstructure. However, there is still no model in the literature that predicts changes of microstructure of these soils using easily accessible soil properties when land-use is modified. The objective of this work was to relate microstructure development to the bulk density (Db) in Ferralsols and then to make possible the use of Db as an indicator of microstructure development.
Published: 2006

35. Mass Proportion of Microaggregates and Bulk Density in a Brazilian Clayey Oxisol

Author: Maria Inês Lopes de Oliveira, Ary Bruand, Michel Brossard, Nathalie Volland-Tuduri, Éder de Souza Martins, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Actualisation et valorisation des données pédologiques tropicales et méditerranéennes. Contributions à la recherche, à l'expertise et à l'aide à la gestion des ressources (VALPEDO), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), and EMBRAPA Cerrados
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Silt, 01 natural sciences, Pasture, Bulk density, Soil structure, Oxisol, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Porosity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The physical properties of Brazilian Oxisols are closely related to the development of their microstructure, which typically consists of stable microaggregates >1 mm. There is no model available to predict changes in microstructure in Oxisols. The objective of this work was to relate the proportion of microaggregates to the bulk density (D b ) in the soil studied. Five sites of a typic Haplustox under native vegetation (two sites) and pasture (three sites) were sampled. Soil bulk density, sand, silt, and clay content and aggregate-size distribution were measured from the surface to 1.6 m deep in increments of 0.1 m. Thin sections were prepared from undisturbed samples collected in duplicate from 0- to 0.1-, 0.3- to 0.4-, 0.8- to 0.9-, and 1.5- to 1.6-m depths, and backscattered electron scanning images (BESI) were generated. Clay content ranged from 672 to 798 g kg - 1 and bulk density between 0.87 and 1.18 g cm among the 80 samples studied. Bulk density was poorly correlated with clay content (R 2 = 0.358) and at any depth was not significantly smaller under native vegetation than under pasture. Visual assessment of BESI revealed that soil material corresponded to either microaggregates (
Published: 2005

36. Modelling of bulk density as related to aggregate size distribution in clayey Ferralsols

Author: Volland-Tuduri, N., Bruand, A., Brossard, Michel, Balbino, L.C., Lopes De Oliveira, M.I., De Souza Martins, E., Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Actualisation et valorisation des données pédologiques tropicales et méditerranéennes. Contributions à la recherche, à l'expertise et à l'aide à la gestion des ressources (VALPEDO), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Wöhrle, N. (ed.), and Scheurer, M. (ed.)
Subjects: [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Among microaggregated soils, there are Ferralsols that show little or no distinct horizonation. Their macrostructure is weak to moderate and they have typically a strong microstructure. In most Brazilian clayey Ferralsols, physical properties are closely related to the development of microstructure that consists of subrounded microaggregates 50 to 500 µm in diameter.
Published: 2004

37. Effects of companion crops and tillage on soil phosphorus in a Brazilian oxisol: a chemical and 31P NMR spectroscopy study

Author: Diogo Néia Eberhardt, Thierry Becquer, Christine Le Guernevé, Herve Quiquampoix, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Volaniaina H. Ramaroson, Marie Sauvadet, Takashi Muraoka, University of São Paulo (USP), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Antananarivo, Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), USP/Cofecub program (129/11), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Comite Francais d'Evaluation de la Cooperation Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Bresil, France, CAPES, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
Subjects: Brachiaria ruziziensis, amélioration des cultures, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Travail du sol, Stratigraphy, Organic phosphorus, Spectroscopie, Plante de culture associée, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, F07 - Façons culturales, Augmentation de rendement, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Cover crops, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Tillage, Rendement des cultures, Agroécosystème, Oxisol, agriculture de conservation, Culture associée, Ferralsol, Conservation agriculture, P-31 NMR, chemistry.chemical_element, Zea mays, phosphorus content [EN], Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Phosphorus cycling, Phosphorus, Soil organic matter, fungi, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Manure, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cajanus cajan
Abstract: International audience; Purpose Phosphorus (P) is often the main limiting factor for plant growth in highly weathered tropical soils. Phosphate use efficiency and crop yields could be increased in low-input agroecosystems through cropping systems that favor organic matter accumulation or regular additions of composts and manure. Our objective was to determine the amounts and forms of P according to companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis-a grass species-or Cajanus cajan-a leguminous species) and tillage systems (conventional or no-tillage). Materials and methods Soil P pools were determined (P-resin, P-Olsen, PNaOH-EDTA, and P-total) and P species were characterized by P-31 NMR spectroscopy. Results and discussion The concentrations of available and labile inorganic P (P-resin, Pi(Olsen), and Pi(NaOH-EDTA)) were greater in soil samples where companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis or Cajanus cajan) and maize were planted on the same row, with a more significant effect with the legume species. According to the P-31 NMR, it is mostly the proportion and amount of P-Orthophosphate that was increased, with a slight increase of the content of P-Monoester. Overall, there was a decrease of the proportion of organic P (Po-NMR/P-NMR) from 32 to 16% when the legume companion crop was associated with maize. Conclusions The tillage systems did not lead to any change in the amounts and forms of P. Companion crops are thought to increase available P through mineralization of Po from plant residues and soil organic matter, leading to an increase of fluxes between active P pools.
Published: 2021

38. ZONEAMENTO DE RISCO CLIMÁTICO PARA CULTIVO DA SOJA NO CERRADO

Author: Fernando Antonio Macena da Silva, Antonio de Almeida Nobre Júnior, Lucijane Monteiro de Abreu, Ana Clara Alves de Melo, and Ao Laboratório de Biofísica Ambiental da EMBRAPA Cerrados.
Subjects: Climate events, agroclimatologia, gestão ambiental, política agrícola, planejamento ambiental, BioMA, Risk zoning, Forestry, 0102 computer and information sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biology, Grain filling, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Water deficit, Water requirement, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, 010201 computation theory & mathematics
Abstract: A agricultura é uma atividade de risco e incerteza. O Zoneamento Agrícola de Risco Climático (ZARC) indica o que, onde e quando plantar para fugir dos eventos climáticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias para o zoneamento agrícola de risco climático da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no Bioma Cerrado. Utilizou-se o Índice de Satisfação da Necessidade de Água (ISNA) considerando às fases fenológicas críticas ao déficit hídrico: Fase I (germinação e emergência) e Fase III (floração e enchimento de grãos). Na primeira abordagem considerou-se a fase III. Na segunda abordagem consideraram-se as fases I e III. Utilizou-se o programa SARRAZON para a simulação do balanço hídrico. A zona de baixo risco climático correspondeu ao ISNA > 0,50 na fase I; e, o ISNA> 0,65 na fase III. Para fins de comparação considerou-se a época de semeadura, porcentagem das áreas de risco e quantidade de municípios recomendados. Na segunda metodologia, as zonas de baixo risco foram menores. A soja foi recomendada em solos com maior capacidade de água disponível. As áreas de alto risco situaram-se na transição entre os biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Esse estudo orienta o risco agroclimático da soja e subsidia políticas públicas no Cerrado.Palavras-chave: agroclimatologia; gestão ambiental; política agrícola; planejamento ambiental. CLIMATIC RISK ZONING METHODOLOGIES FOR SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN THE CERRADO BIOME ABSTRACT: Agriculture is an activity of risk and uncertainty. Agricultural Climate Risk Zoning (ZARC) indicates what, where and when to plant to escape climate events. The objective of this work was to compare two methodologies for agricultural climate risk zoning of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) in the Cerrado Biome. The Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) was used considering the phenological phases critical to water deficit: Phase I (germination and emergence) and Phase III (flowering and grain filling). In the first approach, phase III was considered. In the second approach, phases I and III were considered. The SARRAZON program was used to simulate water balance. The low climate risk zone corresponded to WRSI > 0.50 in phase I; and WRSI > 0.65 in phase III. For comparison purposes, the sowing time, percentage of risk areas and number of recommended municipalities were considered. In the second methodology, the low risk zones were smaller. Soybean has been recommended in soils with the highest available water capacity. The high-risk areas were in the transition between the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. This study guides soy agroclimatic risk and subsidizes public policies in the Cerrado.Keywords: agroclimatology; environmental management; agricultural policy; environmental planning.
Published: 2020

39. Estabilidade e adaptabilidade de cultivares comerciais de soja no Cerrado amapaense

Author: YOKOMIZO, G. K. I., SILVA NETO, S. P. da, ARIAS, C. A. A., GILBERTO KEN ITI YOKOMIZO, CPAF-AP, SEBASTIAO PEDRO DA SILVA NETO, EMBRAPA CERRADOS, and CARLOS ALBERTO ARRABAL ARIAS, CNPSO.
Subjects: Glycine Max, Grão, Produção Agrícola, Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Produtividade
Abstract: A soja é uma cultura agrícola extremamente importante para o Brasil, ocupando novas fronteiras agrícolas no Norte do País, incluindo o Amapá, cuja implantação e expansão tem surgido em suas áreas de cerrado. Desta forma é fundamental que a pesquisa conheça o comportamento de estabilidade e adaptabilidade no Estado, por este motivo a Embrapa Amapá avaliou cultivares comerciais de soja em seu Campo Experimental do Cerrado, para a produtividade grãos (PG, em kg.ha-1) pelas metodologias de Annicchiarico e pelo Centróide. Os experimentos foram instalados em blocos casualizados, representados por quatro linhas de 5 metros e quatro repetições. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a interação significativa de cultivares x anos de semeadura sugere o comportamento diferenciado dos genótipos; houveram cultivares de adaptabilidade específica para ambientes favoráveis ou desfavoráveis ou na média geral, onde apenas a cultivar BRS Sambaíba foi superior em todas as condições, com adaptação mais eficiente e a BRS Seridó foi pouco adaptada, nas duas metodologias; as metodologias de Annicchiarico e Centróide foram similares apenas nas condições de adaptabilidade aos ambientes desfavoráveis e favoráveis e não na adaptabilidade geral. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-26T00:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2019Estabilidadeadaptabilidadedecultivarescomerciais.pdf: 4834852 bytes, checksum: dc72420fcafa54a1f05213cc6b9319c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018
Published: 2018

40. Quality of phytopathometric variables generated from a ranking scale for the CABMV-passionfruit pathosystem

Author: Antonio Carlos de Oliveira, Antonio Carlos Mota Porto, Mariana de Lima Santos, Fábio Gelape Faleira, Embrapa Cerrados, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia
Subjects: Marketing, Pharmacology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Coefficient of determination, Strategy and Management, Coefficient of variation, Statistical parameter, Pharmaceutical Science, Correlation, AACPD. Biometria. Passiflora, Pathosystem, Agronomia, Fitotecnia, Homoscedasticity, Additive function, Drug Discovery, Statistics, Analysis of variance, Mathematics
Abstract: The Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is one of the most important pathogenic agents in passionfruit culture, causing extensive loss throughout the national territory. Efficient quantification of disease symptoms is highly dependent on the methodology used, and is directly related to the quality of data generated for later manipulation and analysis. Thus, our objective was to evaluate different methods of using the data collected using a scale based on quality of the generated variables, using statistical parameters. Assumptions of additivity, homoscedasticity and normality of the errors in parametric analysis were tested. Experimental quality, for each phytopatometric variable (PV) was tested for calculated F (Fc), coefficient of determination (R²) and coefficient of variation (CV%). Four different PVs were generated through a ranking scale: AUDPC-III, AUDPC-GS, III and GS. All variables met the assumptions for analysis of variance, with AUDPC-III and III PVs having slightly higher values in terms of adherence to normality, and AUDPC-GS and GS PVs having slightly higher values in terms of significance for additivity and homoscedasticity. AUDPC-III and III had the highest calculated R² and F values, and the highest coefficients of variation. We recorded the inverse for AUDPC-GS and GS, with lower coefficients of variation and higher R² and F values. A lower correlation, though still significant, was observed between AUDPC-GS and AUDPC-III, while a higher correlation was recorded between III and GS. Overall the PVs III and AUDPC-III systems were the best for use in the analyzes of the studied pathosystem.
Published: 2017

41. Geochemistry and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Oxisols in a mineralized region of the Brazilian Central Plateau

Author: Thierry Becquer, Diego Lang Burak, Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes, Nerilson Terra Santos, Lena Virgínia Soares Monteiro, Eder de Sousa Martins, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil), Project No 475623/2003-7, CAPES-COFECUB (Brazilian-French Cooperation Program) Project Number 514-05, EMBRAPA Cerrados/IRD project no 0203205, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Context (language use), Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, minas-gerais, Mineral deposits, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqua regia, Mineral, soils, competitive adsorption, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, lead, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, Metals dispersion, zinc, Sediment, Geomorphology, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Massif, 15. Life on land, mn, deposits, chemistry, Oxisol, oxides, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, vazante, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Spatial variability, western-australia, iron-oxides
Abstract: International audience; The majority of the soils of the Central Plateau of Brazil are product of long time development over stable surfaces, usually associated with erosion and re-deposition cycles. In this context, to successfully study the geochemistry and spatial distribution of heavy metals, it is essential to understand the geology as well as the geomorphology of the landscape and the properties of the metals related to their mobility. The main objective of this work was to evaluate contents of naturally occurring heavy metals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in some highly weathered tropical soils as related to their geochemistry, geology and geomorphology. Additionally, it was aimed to interpret the spatial distribution patterns of these metals and of major elements (Al, Fe, Ti and Mg), evaluating the association and taking the influence of the geology and geomorphology into consideration. In geo-referenced sites, ranging from 480 to 1040 m in altitude, samples were collected at two depths (0-20 and 60-80 cm), ground, sieved, and prepared for analysis. Heavy metals and major element contents were determined by extraction with aqua regia. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and spatial variability analyses were conducted and soil metal concentrations for the whole area were predicted by kriging (interpolation). A close association between Pb, Zn, and Mn was observed using PCA and Pearson's correlation. Highest concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Mn were determined in soils between 650 and 550 m altitude surrounding the dolomite massif hills and Ambrosia and Fagundes mineral deposits. Copper and Fe were found to be geochemically associated with highest concentrations observed in soils formed from carbonaceous phyllite with quartzite layers. Cobalt and Ni concentrations were associated with areas characterized geomorphologically as alluvial-colluvial deposits at the lowest altitudes within the region. Although there is a marked dispersive action of tropical weathering on metal distribution in the region, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found spatially associated with their geological source. This probably happens because of greater affinity of those metals to Fe and Mn oxides formed predominantly under tropical conditions and present in higher concentrations near to the sources of these heavy metals. On the other hand, both the low affinity of Ni and Co for these oxide minerals and the region's geomorphology allowed for their migration towards the drainage network to the regions of sediment accumulation at lower altitudes during the landscape's evolution.
Published: 2010

42. Eficiência de inseticidas em tratamento de sementes de milho no controle da cigarrinha Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) em viveiro telado

Author: I Elizabeth de Oliveira, Ivan Cruz, Charles Martins de Oliveira, Marcus Canuto, Charles Martins de Oliveira, Embrapa Cerrados, ELIZABETH DE OLIVEIRA SABATO, CNPMS, Marcus Canuto, Unicentro Isabella Hendrix, and IVAN CRUZ, CNPMS.
Subjects: Fitoplasma, cigarrinha-do-milho, Spiroplasma kunkelii, inseticidas, fitoplasma, General Veterinary, Zea Mays, Animal Science and Zoology, corn leafhopper, Zea mays, Agronomy and Crop Science, insecticides
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência de inseticidas no tratamento de sementes no controle da cigarrinha-do-milho em viveiro telado. Sementes de milho foram tratadas ou não com inseticidas (imidacloprid, thiamethoxan, thiodicarb + zn, thiodicarb, carbofuran, carbofuran + zn e carbosulfan) e semeadas em vasos plásticos. Nas plantas, foram confinadas cigarrinhas sadias e avaliada a eficiência desses inseticidas no controle desse inseto, em diferentes intervalos de tempo e em períodos sucessivos. Os produtos imidacloprid e thiamethoxan foram os mais eficientes no controle da cigarrinha, proporcionando eficiência de controle de adultos de D. maidis igual ou superior a 70%, até o trigésimo dia de avaliação, após 4 a 24h de confinamento das cigarrinhas. This research was aimed at checking the efficiency of insecticide seed treatment on corn leafhopper control, at greenhouse. Maize seeds were treated with insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxan, thiodicarb + zn, thiodicarb, carbofuran, carbofuran + zn and carbosulfan) and sowed on plastic pots. On those plants healthy leafhoppers were confined, and the efficiency of those insecticides on its control was evaluated, at different intervals of time and in successive periods. The insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxan were the most efficient to control the corn leafhoppers, and provided control efficiency of D. maidis adults equal or upper 70% until the thirtieth day of evaluation, after 4 to 24h of leafhoppers confining.
Published: 2008

43. Potencial de uso de espécies vegetais nativas dos Complexos Ultramáficos de Barro Alto (GO) nos processos de recuperação de áreas alteradas pela extração de Ni, de fitoextração e fitomineração de metais

Author: Andrade, L.R.M., Aquino, F.G., Reis Jr., F.B., Pacheco, B.S., Echevarria, Guillaume, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, Embrapa Cerrados Planaltina, Bióloga, Fundação Eliseu Alves, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Foram amostrados um solo laterítico (LAT) e um saprolítico (SAP) e suas respectivas floras para análise química. A análise dos componentes principais (PCA) mostrou uma separação entre as áreas. A área SAP apresentou maior biodisponibilidade de Ni, P, M.O. e Zn. A área LAT foi agrupada por influência de teores de Ca, Fe, Mn, Cr e Cu. Dezenove famílias e 36 espécies diferentes foram identificadas nas áreas deste estudo. A diversidade de plantas e acumulação de nutrientes e Ni nos tecidos das plantas foram fortemente influenciadas pelas características químicas do solo. Seis espécies hiperacumuladoras de Ni foram observadas em cinco famílias, ocorrendo somente no solo SAP. H. salicioides e D. cayapia foram as únicas espécies comuns às duas áreas que hiperacumularam Ni quando presente no solo SAP, refletindo a relação entre a biodisponibilidade deste metal e a absorção pela planta.
Published: 2015

44. A statistical analysis of three ensembles of crop model responses to temperature and CO2 concentration

Author: Joost Wolf, Xinyou Yin, Pierre Martre, Zhengtao Zhang, H. K. Soo, Manuel Marcaida, Nadine Brisson, Patrick Bertuzzi, Soo-Hyung Kim, Yan Zhu, Roberto C. Izaurralde, L. A. Hunt, Maria I. Travasso, Christian Baron, James W. Jones, R.E.E. Jongschaap, T. Palosuo, Daniel Wallach, Jerry L. Hatfield, Christian Biernath, G. De Sanctis, Senthold Asseng, H. Yoshida, Donald S. Gaydon, Edmar Teixeira, Davide Cammarano, Alex C. Ruane, C. Nendel, T. Hasegawa, Thilo Streck, Garry O'Leary, Upendra Singh, Frank Ewert, Delphine Deryng, R. Goldberg, Bas A. M. Bouman, Peter J. Thorburn, Tao Li, Roberto Confalonieri, Myriam Adam, Jes Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Tamon Fumoto, Patricio Grassini, Joachim Ingwersen, Robert F. Grant, Katharina Waha, James Williams, Fulu Tao, Eckart Priesack, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Liang Tang, Sebastian Gayler, Jordi Doltra, L. Heng, Christoph Müller, J.G. Conijn, Iwan Supit, S. Naresh Kumar, Iurii Shcherbak, Jeffrey W. White, Hendrik Boogaard, Kenneth J. Boote, David Makowski, Federico Sau, Jean-Louis Durand, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Marc Corbeels, Steven Hoek, Simone Bregaglio, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Philippe Oriol, Anthony Challinor, R. A. Kemanian, Carlos Angulo, Pasquale Steduto, Bruno Basso, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Dennis Timlin, J. Hooker, Samuel Buis, Maria Virginia Pravia, Françoise Ruget, Dominique Ripoche, Simona Bassu, Pierre Stratonovitch, Jon I. Lizaso, Balwinder Singh, Tom M. Osborne, Paul W. Wilkens, Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Water Management Institute, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CGIAR, Institute of Crops Science and Resource Conservation INRES, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Geological Sciences [East Lansing], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecololgy, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Center for Geo-information, Alterra, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Cassandra Lab, University of Milan, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, CGIAR ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Embrapa Cerrados, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Tsukuba, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), WESS Water and Earth System Science Competence Cluster, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Departement of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre for Geo-Information, Agriculture Department, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Institute of Landscape System Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Department Produccion Vegetal, Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Walker Institute, NCAS Climate, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, Department Biologia Vegetal, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington [Seattle], FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Plant Production Systems and Earth System Science, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sustainable Production, Plant & Food Research, ARS Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, CIRN, Institute for Climate and Water, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agriculture, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Texas A&M University System, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Metaprogramme ACCAF, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, International Rice Research Institute, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Department of Geological Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Invergowrie, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Agro-ecologyand Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), UMR 1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial (AGIR), Agro-ecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Geological Sciences, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre ( CIMMYT ), International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC ), Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Texas A and M University ( TAMU )
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Climate change, Crop model, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Mathematical model, Air, Forestry, Regression analysis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rendement des cultures, Plant Production Systems, Statistical model, Modèle mathématique, Atmosphère, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield, Crop Physiology, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Earth System Science, Emulator, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, Alterra - Centrum Bodem, Precipitation, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Meta-model, Changement climatique, Hydrology, Modélisation des cultures, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Soil Science Centre, 15. Life on land, Température, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Yield (chemistry), Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Laboratory of Phytopathology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Plante de culture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: Ensembles of process-based crop models are increasingly used to simulate crop growth for scenarios of temperature and/or precipitation changes corresponding to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This approach generates large datasets with thousands of simulated crop yield data. Such datasets potentially provide new information but it is difficult to summarize them in a useful way due to their structural complexities. An associated issue is that it is not straightforward to compare crops and to interpolate the results to alternative climate scenarios not initially included in the simulation protocols. Here we demonstrate that statistical models based on random-coefficient regressions are able to emulate ensembles of process-based crop models. An important advantage of the proposed statistical models is that they can interpolate between temperature levels and between CO2 concentration levels, and can thus be used to calculate temperature and [CO2] thresholds leading to yield loss or yield gain, without rerunning the original complex crop models. Our approach is illustrated with three yield datasets simulated by 19 maize models, 26 wheat models, and 13 rice models. Several statistical models are fitted to these datasets, and are then used to analyze the variability of the yield response to [CO2] and temperature. Based on our results, we show that, for wheat, a [CO2] increase is likely to outweigh the negative effect of a temperature increase of +2 degrees C in the considered sites. Compared to wheat, required levels of [CO2] increase are much higher for maize, and intermediate for rice. For all crops, uncertainties in simulating climate change impacts increase more with temperature than with elevated [CO2]. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

45. Conversion of forest to agriculture in Amazonia with the chop-and-mulch method: Does it improve the soil carbon stock?

Author: Mathieu Godet, Austrelino Silveira Filho, Max Sarrazin, Jean-Claude Horth, Anne-Sophie Perrin, Bernard Garric, Caroline Petitjean, Kenji Fujisaki, Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Michel Brossard, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR LAMA (Laboratoire des moyens analytiques de Cayenne), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, EMBRAPA Arroz & Feijao, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: enfouissement des résidus forestiers, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, No-tillage, Brachiaria, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, No-till farming, Fire-free, Urochloa, Deforestation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, absence de brulis, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Tillage, Agronomy, Annual crops, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mulch
Abstract: Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20 cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16 kg m(-2) of carbon in 2 mm-sieved soil down to 2 m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30 cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions 2 mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30 cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the
Published: 2014

46. Soil discrimination using diffuse reflectance Vis-NIR spectroscopy in a local toposequence

Author: Michel Brossard, Edemar Joaquim Corazza, Maria de Fátima Guimarães, José Francirlei de Oliveira, Stanislas Mayi, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame, Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Geociências, Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Cerrados, CAPES, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Goethite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Ferralsol, GIBBSITE, Mineralogy, AGREGAT, Latosol, 01 natural sciences, COMPOSITION MINERALOGIQUE, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Organic matter, Spectroscopy, Gibbsite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Global and Planetary Change, METHODE D'ANALYSE, PCA, SOL, Chemistry, SPECTROMETRIE INFRAROUGE, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, SPECTROSCOPIE, ANALYSE EN COMPOSANTES PRINCIPALES, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hematite, KAOLINITE, FER, ARGILE, visual_art, VARIATION SPATIALE, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: Vis–NIR spectroscopy is nowadays presented as a possible routine method for soil sample analysis. However, there is still no consensus on which is the best multivariate statistical method to use. We propose to use principal component analysis to complete the spectral data treatment. The soil samples came from a pedological cover made up of red–yellow Latosols: 88 samples of 11 soil profiles on four toposequences were collected; clay, organic matter, silica, iron, aluminum and titanium total contents were determined; the contents of goethite, hematite, gibbsite, and kaolinite were calculated. Diffuse reflectance Vis–NIR spectroscopy at wavelengths from 400 to 2400 nm combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was sufficiently sensitive to discriminate different Latosols. Wavelengths of 700 nm and 2200 to 2300 nm were influenced by content ratios of organic matter and iron oxides (700 nm), and kaolinite and gibbsite absorption (2200 and 2300 nm). The spectral responses were affected not only by the content of these constituents, but also by the composition of the minerals, so that the same class of Latosol may have different or similar spectral responses. The role of microaggregation is discussed.
Published: 2013

47. Acidity control in Latosols under long-term pastures in the Cerrado region, Brazil

Author: Vendramé, P.-R.-S., Brito, O.R., Martens, E.S., Quantin, C., Guimaraes, M.F., Becquer, T., Dpt of Geosciences Londrina, State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa, Agropecuaria Embrapa Cerrados, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), State University of Londrina, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: kaolinite, protonation, Brazilian Cerrado soils, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, soil acidification, gibbsite
Abstract: International audience; High acidity and aluminium saturation are among the main limiting factors for crop production in tropical soils. The aim of this work was to measure the acidity of Latosols under pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado and to assess the influence of clay mineralogy as a controlling parameter of soil acidity. Topsoils (n = 73, 0-0.2m depth) of Latosols developed on different parent materials were sampled in two sub-regions of the Cerrado region. The main chemical characteristics were determined by standard procedures, and kaolinite and gibbsite contents were determined by dissolution with sulfuric acid and thermogravimetric analyses. The exchangeable concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) varied considerably among soil samples, with ranges of 0-13.9 cmol(c) kg(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation 1.77 +/- 1.91 cmol(c) kg(-1)) for Ca; 0.2-3.2 cmol(c) kg(-1) (1.13 +/- 0.68 cmol(c) kg(-1)) for Mg; and 0-1.0 cmol(c) kg(-1) (0.24 +/- 0.24 cmol(c) kg(-1)) for K. The mean concentration of exchangeable aluminium (Al) was 0.55 +/- 0.61 cmol(c) kg(-1) (range 0-2.3 cmol(c) kg(-1)). The content of kaolinite (282 +/- 96 g kg(-1)) was higher than of gibbsite (106 +/- 77 g kg(-1)). The amount of exchangeable Al and Al saturation rate varied according to the mineralogy of the clay fraction of the soils. The content of exchangeable Al3+ remained low when gibbsite was the predominant mineral, whereas it increased with kaolinite content. The ratio kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) could be used as a useful indicator of the sensitivity of soils affected by acidity and Al toxicity.
Published: 2013

48. Unravelling zinc and lead distributions in dolomitic and metapelitic soils of the Brazilian Central Plateau: insight from physical fractionation, optical microscopy and X-ray microfluorescence

Author: D. Lang Burak, F. van Oort, Eddy Foy, M. P. Ferreira Fontes, Thierry Becquer, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazilian-French Cooperation Programme Capes-Cofecub [514-05], EMBRAPA Cerrados/IRD [0203205], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM)
Subjects: Sols tropicaux, iron oxide, Ferralsol, Dolomite, métaux en trace, Soil Science, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Weathering, Zinc, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sesquioxide, plomb, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Cambisol, lead, Dolomitic, Chemistry, contamination métallique, zinc, Sorption, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, heavy metal, oxyde de fer, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, metal contamination, Tropical soils, Lead, Metapelitic soils, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: International audience; Large zinc and lead concentrations occur in strongly weathered soils of Cambisol–Ferralsol toposequences in the Paracatu-Vazante area (Central Plateau, Brazil). Weathering of the mineralized dolomite parent material of the Cambisols is hypothesized to be the geogenic source of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), with dissemination downslope into the Ferralsols. This leads to different metal distribution patterns in the two soils. We studied Zn and Pb distributions in selected A and B horizons of two typical profiles to examine this hypothesis and assess the contribution of sesquioxides to the retention of these metals. Physical separation into 200–2000, 50–200, 20–50 and < 20-µm size fractions in water without chemical dispersants was carried out before (F1) and after (F2) ultrasonification. The fractions were analysed for total and extractable Zn and Pb concentrations and studied by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Microscale Zn and Pb distribution maps were obtained by using micro-X-ray fluorescence on thin sections. For the Cambisol, the composition, morphology and large Zn and Pb concentrations of coarse-sized F2 fractions were consistent with a geogenic metal origin. In both soils, < 20-µm fractions contained the largest amounts of Zn and Pb. In the Cambisol, this < 20-µm fraction included poorly crystalline Mn-rich material, encouraging strong Pb sorption. The Ferralsol < 20-µm fractions contained more Al- and Fe-oxide-rich microaggregates, which also enhanced strong metal retention. Large sesquioxide contents in these and similar tropical soils reduce metal mobilities. This limits the risk of toxicity when such soils, with metal contents exceeding guidelines, are used for agriculture.
Published: 2013

49. Potentially toxic metals in ultramafic mining materials: Identification of the main bearing and reactive phases

Author: Thibault Sterckeman, Thierry Becquer, Sophie Raous, Guillaume Echevarria, Éder de Souza Martins, Fabien Thomas, Khalil Hanna, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Embrapa Cerrados, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This project was supported by the Macroprograma 2 of EMBRAPA: 'Relações entre os metais do solo e a biodiversidade no Cerrado: ferramentas para a conservação de areas degradadas' and by the Fédération de Recherche Eau-Sol-Terre--OSU OTELo (Université de Lorraine--CNRS). The mining companies Votorantim Metais and Anglo-American Brazil are also warmly acknowledged for valuable help in sampling and access to their mining pits., ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ANR-10-LABX-0021/10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Chromium, Goethite, Inorganic chemistry, Metal bearing-goethite, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ores, Garnierite, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Nickel, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Metal-bearing smectite, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geochemical modeling, Limonite, Metallurgy, Hematite, Spoils, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Clay minerals
Abstract: International audience; Modeling the geochemical behaviour of metals in spoil materials is prerequisite to the rehabilitation of lateritic nickel mining sites to avoid environmental contamination. The global aim of this work was to assess the different parameters controlling the release of Ni and other trace metals (Co, Cu, Cr and Mn) from model materials generated by mining activities in nickeliferous laterites from Goaís State (Brazil). This work was undertaken as a first part in a geochemical modeling project and consisted in the characterisation of the bearing phases and sources of such metals in representative materials from the mine. Ores and spoils had similar mineralogical compositions: i) mainly smectites and talc in garnierites and ii) goethite and hematite in limonites; we therefore concentrated our analyses on the purest materials. Garnierite was richer in Ni and poorer in Cr than limonite. In the first one, the richest phase in Ni was smectite (Fe: 8.8 at.%; Al: 3.3 at.%; Mg: 1.8 at.%; Cr: 0.5 at.%; Ni: 1.2 at.%) whereas chromiferous spinels contained high concentrations of Cr (Fe: 9.6 at.%; Al: 17.6 at.%; Mg: 4.1 at.%; Cr: 17.6 at.%). In Limonite, Ni and Cr were mainly borne by goethite (Fe: 37.6 at.%; Al: 1.8 at.%; Cr: 0.2 at.%; Ni: 0.5 at.%) and chromiferous spinels for Cr. Fine microscopy and spectroscopy allowed us to observe the structure of the minerals in both samples as well as the metal distribution in these different mineral phases. We then focused on metal lability and partitioning in the different compartments revealed by the mineralogical study. In the garnierite, exchangeable Ni (10% of total Ni) was mainly located between the layers of smectite as outer sphere complexes, and was thus easily available. Chromium, either located as octahedral or tetrahedral substitution in the smectites of the garnierite, or sequestered in chromiferous spinel lattices, was poorly available in both cases. In the typical limonite, both Ni and Cr were part of the goethite lattice but most of the Cr was associated with chromiferous spinel, which could be a primary source of Cr(III). The mobility of the Ni and Cr found in goethite was low. However, limonite presented very high exchangeable Cr(VI) contents, (2% of total Cr) in the form of inner-sphere complexes at the goethite surface. Cr(VI) is probably formed through Cr(III) oxidation by Mn oxides. Now that the reactive phases are identified and characterised, further work will model the reactivity of model bearing phases of Ni and Cr and compare the geochemical simulation with actual mobility data.
Published: 2012

50. Multicriteria evaluation of direct seeding mulch based cropping systems (DMC) in the context of small scale farmers in the Cerrados Region of Brazil

Author: Eric Scopel, Flandin, M. A., Xavier, J. H. V., Marc Corbeels, Da Silva, F. A. M., François Affholder, Frédérique Angevin, Stéphane de Tourdonnet, Christophe David, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut supérieur d'agriculture et d'agroalimentaire Rhône-Alpes (ISARA), Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Impacts Ecologiques des Innovations en Production Végétale (ECO-INNOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône-Alpes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: F07 - Façons culturales, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: In central Brazil, the tropical savannah ecosystem known as Cerrado, small scale farmers (around 20 ha) occupy marginal land scattered among large commercial farms on wide plateaux. Close to 90 % of the agricultural land farmed by large holders in the Cerrado is managed under direct seeding mulch based cropping systems (DMC). However, this system is almost not used by small scale farmers of the same region, even if their soils are often very susceptible to degradation (erosion, losses of soil organic matter), and they crucially need to stabilize their corn production in other to insure sustainability. Since 2005, Embrapa and Cirad tried to develop, in interaction with small farmers of Unaí region (Minas Gerais), new DMC systems adapted to their conditions and compatible with their own objectives. However, even if those systems increase soil fertility significantly, they also often deeply modify crop management as well as the use of resources available at farm level. Such systems have thus strong consequences on economical, environmental or social aspects of the system, (Scopel et al., 2005).
Published: 2010

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