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As one of the largest and most complex artificial systems in the world, power systems present challenges for statistical analysis under multi-fault contingencies that alter the network topology. This paper proposes a meta-transfer learning-based (MTL) method, where base-learners are designed to learn the power flow mapping relationships for different network topologies, and a meta-learner is developed to guide the updating of structural parameters in base-learners in response to topological changes. The proposed MTL model quickly generates base-learners to adapt to new topologies and enables large-scale statistical analysis of multi-fault contingencies in power systems. The efficacy of the proposed method has been validated using the benchmark Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 39-bus and 300-bus systems, specifically focusing on multi-fault contingencies. The results indicate that the proposed MTL model not only achieves high accuracy in dynamic topologies but also provides adaptive initial parameters for few/zero-shot learning within each topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defect engineering is extensively utilized in 2D memory devices due to its effectiveness in enhancing charge‐trapping ability. However, conventional defect modulation techniques usually introduce only single types of carrier traps and cannot reconfigure trap types and densities after device fabrication. Here, for the first time, electrical stimulation‐driven long‐range migration of Cu ions within CuInP2S6 (CIPS) films is demonstrated to simultaneously introduce both electron and hole traps and enable reconfigurable modulation of interfacial defect trapping. This process is referred to as “electrical stimulation‐induced defect engineering”. By integrating these defect traps and the dual‐gate coupling effect, the memory window‐to‐scan range (MW/S.R) ratio, which reflects the device's charge trapping ability, doubled and peaked at 78.1% at Vbg = ± 80 V. Additionally, the dual‐gate memory device based on the graphene/CIPS/h‐BN/WSe2 heterostructure exhibits a maximum on/off ratio reaching 107 for multi‐level storage states, integrating neuromorphic computing and logic operations within a single platform. With 81 storage states and paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), it achieves ≈90% accuracy in reservoir computing (RC) simulations. These results highlight the potential of electrical stimulation‐induced defect engineering for next‐generation electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels, known for their 3D polymer networks and high water content, are widely used in applications ranging from agriculture to tissue engineering and soft electronics. However, balancing toughness and stiffness in hydrogels remains a significant challenge due to the inverse relationship between these properties. In this study, a dual‐network hydrogel is developed composed of lignin/poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and sodium alginate/Ca2⁺ (SA/Ca2⁺) using a solvent exchange method. This hydrogel incorporates multi‐level energy dissipative structures, resulting in both high stiffness and toughness. Specifically, the DL/S0.1Ca0.5 hydrogel exhibited impressive mechanical performance, including a tensile stress of 3.7 MPa, a tensile strain of 1100%, and a tensile modulus of 8.7 MPa, along with remarkably high toughness of 97,000 J m−2 and work of extension of 25 MJ m−3. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional rupture and collision resistance, outstanding conductivity of 19.7 S m−1, and high strain sensitivity with a gauge factor up to 7.78. These features highlight its potential for use in extreme sports protection and wearable sensors, representing a significant advancement in the development of multifunctional hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (FOSCs and SOSCs) hold immense potential due to their versatility and applicability in emerging areas such as wearable electronics, foldable devices, and biointegrated systems. Despite these promising applications, several challenges remain, primarily related to the mechanical durability, material performance, and scalability required for commercialization. This review comprehensively highlights recent advancements in the design and fabrication of FOSCs and SOSCs, with a particular emphasis on key functional layers, including transparent conductive electrodes, interfacial layers, photoactive materials, and top electrodes. Innovations in material design, such as active layers and transparent conductive electrodes with improved flexibility, are discussed alongside developments in device processes to achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%. Furthermore, the review addresses remaining challenges, including the need for scalable manufacturing techniques and enhanced mechanical robustness under strain. Finally, the prospects of FOSCs and SOSCs are analyzed, providing insights into how these technologies can contribute to the development of sustainable, high‐performance power sources for wearable electronic devices and other flexible electronics. This review offers valuable insights, bringing the commercialization of wearable, high‐performance FOSCs and SOSCs closer to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores a new nanoplate design's thermal and mechanical properties, including an auxetic core with a negative Poisson ratio. The core is between face plates made of barium–cobalt, which possess magnetoelectroelastic properties. The analysis centers on the parameters θ, β1, and β2 to clarify their influence on the nanoplate's performance. The evaluations of the nanoplate's thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties showcase its remarkable versatility and sensitivity. Incorporating magnetoelectroelastic face plates improves the multifunctionality of the nanoplate, making it a highly promising option for use in smart technologies. The findings offer valuable insights into the distinctive features of auxetic core structures, significantly enhancing the comprehension of these materials. This research emphasizes the potential for creating groundbreaking applications in fields like aerospace engineering and advanced electronics, where versatile and adaptable materials play a vital role. This study contributes to the broader knowledge of auxetic materials and their practical implementation in cutting‐edge technological solutions by exploring the interplay between thermal, mechanical, and magnetoelectroelastic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing distributed filter circuits (DFCs) is complex and time-consuming, involving setting and optimizing multiple hyperparameters. Traditional optimization methods, such as using the commercial finite element solver High-Frequency Structure Simulator to enumerate all parameter combinations with fixed steps and then simulate each combination, are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also rely heavily on the expertise and experience of electronics engineers, making it difficult to adapt to rapidly changing design requirements. Additionally, these commercial tools struggle with precise adjustments when parameters are sensitive to numerical changes, resulting in limited optimization effectiveness. This study proposes a novel end-to-end automated method for DFC design. The proposed method harnesses reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, eliminating the dependence on the design experience of engineers. Thus, it significantly reduces the subjectivity and constraints associated with circuit design. The experimental findings demonstrate clear improvements in design efficiency and quality when comparing the proposed method with traditional engineer-driven methods. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves superior performance when designing complex or rapidly evolving DFCs, highlighting the substantial potential of RL in circuit design automation. In particular, compared with the existing DFC automation design method CircuitGNN, our method achieves an average performance improvement of 8.72%. Additionally, the execution efficiency of our method is 2000 times higher than CircuitGNN on the CPU and 241 times higher on the GPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A style guide is a book of specifications used by publishers and printers to ensure that books and journal articles look professional, that they have a consistent layout and appearance, and that they accommodate their readers’ particular interests. Because professional organizations commonly have publishing components, most professional organizations have developed style guides of their own. Such organizations include, but are surely not limited to, the American Institute of Physics (AIP), the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Among book-length style guides, the most widely used style guides include The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Standards Style Manual, and The Modern Language Association Style Guide (MLA). The Turabian Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses and Dissertations was produced by the University of Chicago Press to govern the production of graduate theses, and it has become widely accepted as a style guide for academic writing. The University of Chicago Press also publishes the authoritative Chicago Manual of Style. The academic disciplines serving the built environment are vast. The mechanical engineer may be involved in heat transfer and the insulation of buildings; the electrical engineer may be involved in lighting, wiring and solar energy; the civil engineer is essential to understand materials and their various stresses and strains, and the architect is the professional tasked with preparing the guiding design that brings the building together into a unifying, aesthetic whole. Each of these disciplines has its own unique style guide often set forth by the professional organizations that represent them. Please check with the instructor of your course for their preferred style guide when writing reports. For the architecture student particularly, The American Institute of Architects (see AIA at https://www.aia.org/) offers a concise style guide (see https://content.aia.org/sites/ default/files/2021-01/Content-Style-Guide-2021.pdf) that may prove useful. Architecture students can also refer to resources on writing about architecture like How Architects Write (Routledge, 2017) and Writing Architecture: A Practical Guide to Clear Communication About the Built Environment (Wiseman, 2014). In addition to specifying document design and page layout, style guides offer detailed discussions of ethics in research, appropriate approaches to research documentation, data preservation, conflicts of interest, and acknowledging the contributions of colleagues, subordinates and other researchers. Most professional journals provide online style guides, which are usually listed as “author information.” These guides only briefly define the layout and format requirements of the journal, although during copyediting a journal will typically provide a template that encodes the journal’s print standards. Beyond this, author information guides usually provide considerable information about copyright and ownership of your submitted documents, and they will usually disclose the review criteria and procedures used by the journal’s review editors. Most students will have limited direct contact with professional style guides. However, most instructors will provide specifications for the reports in their courses, and these specifications can be treated as a simplified style guide. Usually, an instructor’s classroom style guide will be based on the guides provided by professional organizations—to familiarize students with professional standards—but with adjustments to facilitate efficient grading. In most cases, students will be aware of the instructor’s style guide only in the format that is defined for reference citations and for the list of works cited. The remainder of this text focuses on these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technologies have matured to produce complex structures, still they are often limited to static materials. Introducing alkoxyamine bonds into 3D printed structures offers unprecedented possibilities for post‐synthetic modification through nitroxide exchange reaction and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization. This study provides a comprehensive molecular and macroscopic characterization of 3D‐printed alkoxyamine‐containing dynamic covalent adaptable networks. The study provides new insights into their dynamic structural and mechanical alterations, making them promising candidates for advanced applications ranging from biomedical engineering to flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Golden Moments for Latecomers" presents various examples of amateur mathematicians who have achieved remarkable mathematical results. One example is retired electronics engineer Lee Sallows, who discovered a theorem in elementary geometry. Another example is Belgian military doctor Edouard Zeckendorf, who discovered Zeckendorf's theorem on the representation of natural numbers as a sum of Fibonacci numbers. Hobby mathematician Andrew Beal, who proposed Beal's conjecture, is also mentioned. The article also discusses tiling of surfaces with different polygons, with Richard James III, Marjorie Rice, and David Smith making significant contributions to solving the problem. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Augmented reality (AR) is currently becoming educational trend by offering visualization of learning and making abstract concepts more concrete. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of AR technology based on mobile application on self-competence of electronics engineering students. It also considered the role of self-regulated learning, intrinsic learning motivation, and perceived usefulness as moderating factors. A cross-sectional survey with quantitative method was conducted on 848 electronics engineering education students at Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia. The data were obtained through questionnaires, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3. Furthermore, a fuzzy C-means clustering analysis was carried out using JASP software. The results showed that perceived usefulness had a significant positive effect on students' self-competence and moderated the significant positive relationship between self-regulated learning and self-competence. These empirical results showed that an improved level of self-regulated learning and beneficial application of technology could increase self-competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces and underscores the automation of the E-vehicle charging process through optimization between the grid and the vehicle, incorporating real-time constraints in the charging and discharging processes. With the surge in E-vehicle usage and heightened electricity demand, automating the vehicle battery charging process becomes imperative to mitigate its impact on the grid. The research outlined in this paper focuses on automating electric vehicle charging and discharging based on real-time power demand considerations. The automation process, facilitated through a connection to the power grid, is managed by the interconnected network and algorithm-based monitoring of real-time parameters. These parameters include power, voltage, state of charge of the battery, charging cost, grid load demand, distance from the grid to the vehicle and vehicle demand. The actor-critic algorithm serves as a guide for electric vehicle charging automation, aligning with vehicle-specific data such as charging cost, vehicle demand, and grid demand to assess switching responses and enhance result accuracy. Load variations in real and reactive power for different configurations—domestic, industrial, and vehicle connections to the grid—throughout the day are considered using the IEEE 33 standard bus system. Frequency analysis of vehicle charging, grid stability analysis, and evaluation of voltage sag and swell during faulty conditions are conducted with MATLAB and the IEEE 33 standard bus system. The results provide insights into the switching time for the charging process based on algorithmic guidelines, ensuring the process follows the correct trajectory. The study demonstrates that charging time and cost are directly proportional to demand, even in time-varying processes. In the course of this research, an embedded hardware prototype model was developed to implement the proposed concept of E-vehicle charging automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived social support is about the perception that the subject has about the support they receive from their social network, while academic stress is conceptualized as a series of processes of systemic origin, whether adaptive and psychological. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and academic stress in university students. The sample was made up of 140 students with an age range between 18 and 32 years old from the Faculty of Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering of a University in Ambato. The research had a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, with cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational scope. To measure these variables, the MOS social support questionnaire developed by Sherbourne and Stewart (1991) and the SISCO academic stress inventory SV-21 created by Arturo Barraza in 2018 were used. The results showed that there is no correlation between the dimensions of social support perceived and academic stress, likewise, no significant differences were found between academic stress levels and gender. In conclusion, the lack of relationship between these two variables may be due to multifactorial causes, so that perceived social support did not perform its buffering function against stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential Evolution (DE) is a population-based metaheuristic search algorithm that exhibits excellent performance. However, it is sensitive to mutation strategies and control parameters.To mitigate the impact of these factors, this paper proposes refining differential evolution with mutation rate and neighborhood weight local search(MRNLDE). The algorithm guides individuals in selecting an appropriate mutation mode through the mutation rate, effectively utilizing the evolutionary information inherent in the individuals themselves, thereby enhancing the search efficiency of the algorithm. Furthermore, the neighborhood individual information is utilized to re-explore the solution space, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of individual evolutionary potential and enhancing the algorithm's diversity. The performance of MRNLDE was validated under two sets of benchmark problems at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Conference on Computing in Evolution (CEC), and the results show that MRNLDE performs well overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study, based on the social systems theory, about how the communicative process influences the configuration of labor expectations upon graduation from the university in two groups of engineering students of the Electronics and Mechatronics careers of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. The methodology, which has an explanatory scope, has a quantitative approach, and makes use of a survey technique and functional method in order to carry out a comparative analysis of the degree of informational interdependencies between the educational, economic and family systems. The results highlight that continuous school paths are possible with economic support from the family and that the work experiences, which consist of communicative situations that influence the type and degree of resonance of the information to condense, are predominantly work alternatives oriented to the automotive industry and activities linked with the design of system. In addition, few intentions for business entrepreneurship and graduate studies can be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of computing cannot be discussed without acknowledging the engineering innovations that paved its way. Today, we carry more computing power in our pockets than it took to put a man on the moon. Across the world, 'smart fever' is on the rise, revealing our strong reliance on these smart devices. Designing such powerful devices would have been impossible, however, without an understanding of electricity and how it could be utilised to provide both power and control. This article highlights some key engineering innovations and the brilliant minds behind them. We trace the transformative journey of these concepts through the timeline of technology, from their humble beginnings as mere calculation machines to the powerful smart devices we rely on today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study validated an integrated framework of the academic analogue of the Psychological Momentum theory (PMT) in the context of Sophomore Slump phenomenon, based on the preliminary work of [9]. The sample of the study was 303 Second Year Computer Science, Mechanical, and Electronics Engineering Students under the STEM discipline at the Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The tools used for the study were the Academic Procrastination scale - short form by [33], the Engineering Self-Efficacy scale by [22], the Academic Inertia Scale by [9], and the Inspiration scale by [30]. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS Statistics software Ver 23.0 on 103 subjects of the data, and the remaining 200 sample size data was used for confirmatory factor analysis study to adapt the foreign tools in the Indian context, along with the validation of the integrative framework of the academic analogue of PMT on sophomore engineering students using structural equation modeling (SEM) through SPSS AMOS software Ver. 23.0. The overall hypothesized integrative framework of PMT in academic context for second-year engineering undergraduates under the sophomore slump phenomenon, displayed acceptable goodness of fit indices. Educational and psychometric implications of the study towards the promotion of sustainable development goal 4 of quality education under STEM discipline in India, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the relationship between problem-based learning (PBL) and the digital electronics course for engineering students at a private university with a population of 97 students. The study utilized a deductive and correlational hypothetical method with a non-experimental and quantitative design. As a result, the statistically significant relationship between PBL and the digital electronics course is verified. A relationship coefficient equal to Rho = 0.780 and p < 0.01, confirms the proposed alternative hypothesis. This result provides a robust quantitative perspective on how the integration of PBL positively influences engineering students' acquisition of digital electronics knowledge. The contribution lies in empirical support for the effectiveness of the PBL approach, providing educators and engineering professionals with a solid foundation for enhancing pedagogical strategies and fostering more effective and practical learning in the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In e-learning systems, even though the automatic detection of learning styles is considered the key element in the adaptation process, it does not represent the main goal of this process at all. Indeed, to accomplish the task of adaptation, it is also necessary to be able to automatically select the learning objects according to the detected styles. The classification techniques are the most used techniques to automatically select the learning objects by processing data derived from learning object metadata. By using these classification techniques, considerable results are obtained via several approaches and consist of mapping the learning objects into different teaching strategies and then mapping these strategies into the identified learning styles. However, these approaches have some limitations related to robustness. Indeed, a common feature of these approaches is that they do not directly map learning object metadata elements to learning style dimensions. Moreover, they do not consider the fuzzy nature of learning objects. Indeed, any learning object can be suitable for different learning styles at varying degrees of suitability. This highlights the need to find a way to remedy this shortcoming. Our work is part of the automatic selection of learning objects. So, we will propose an approach that uses the fuzzy classification technique to select learning objects based on learning styles. In this approach, the metadata of each learning object that complies with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard are stored in a database as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file. The Fuzzy C Means algorithm is used, on one hand, to assign fuzzy suitability rates to the stored learning objects and, on the other hand, to cluster them into the Felder and Silverman learning styles model categories. The experiment results show the performance of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The application of modular multilevel converters (MMC) in medium voltage static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) has been investigated in recent years. A huge challenge for MMC‐STATCOM is to compute the gain of the controllers. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is the proposal of a control tuning methodology for MMC‐STATCOM. For this purpose, the control and tuning strategies are presented. Since MMC‐STATCOM can employ different modulation strategies, two distinct modulation strategies are considered: nearest‐level control, with variable switching frequency; and phase‐shifted carrier pulse‐width modulation, with fixed switching frequency. Moreover, the proposal was validated through simulation and an experimental platform. The results indicate that the power response follows the reference, besides supplying the internal losses of the converter. The 10% ripple tolerance of the submodule voltages is respected in steady state for both modulation strategies. Moreover, the 5% total demand distortion (TDD) limit recommended by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard is attended. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controls employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-circuit resistances are transformer parameters that characterize the electrical load losses and correct operation of these machines. However, the traditional concept of short-circuit resistance, independent of the harmonic frequencies, has been superseded by present transformer standards. Hence, new expressions for short-circuit resistances of three-phase transformers have been developed in this article based on the IEEE Standard C57.110-2018 and are presented jointly with the losses that these resistances characterize. These refer to the secondary effective short-circuit resistance of each phase ( R c c , z ), of each harmonic ( R c c , h ), and the non-fundamental frequency combined harmonics ( R c c , H z ). Likewise, the harmonic loss factor ( H L F z % ) has been established to determine the importance of the harmonics in each phase's load losses. The application of these short-circuit resistances to the calculation of the load losses for a 630 kVA transformer from an actual residential distribution network has shown that the same values are obtained as with the IEEE Standard C57.110-2018, and they are 48.75% higher than those recorded with the traditional short-circuit resistances when the current distortion rates are 36.47%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among all the functions that electronics currently perform, clock synthesis has a backbone role. Charge pump phase-locked loops (CP-PLL) are widely used to accomplish clock synthesis thanks to their versatility. One of the most critical parts of CP-PLLs is the charge pump, which greatly influences the system's performance. Even though several high-performance charge pumps have been proposed in the past, with the quick spread of electronics in all the engineering fields, the design of such electronic devices has encountered several additional challenges dictated by external environmental conditions. Examples of these engineering sectors are space, aerospace, industrial, and automotive applications, where the charge pump has to face high environmental temperatures and radiation effects. As a consequence, its design and experimental characterization have to be performed to ensure reliability when operating in harsh conditions. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no works in the literature have ever presented a complete charge pump design and characterization in such harsh environments. Therefore, to fill this gap, this paper presents a charge pump for PLL applications specifically designed to reach operating temperatures up to 200 °C and total ionizing dose levels up to 100 Mrad. All design choices have been experimentally verified and are discussed throughout the paper in detail. With the proposed design, we obtained an output current variation of less than 8% at 200 °C and less than 2.5% at 100 Mrad. As opposed to the CPs that can be found in the literature, these results were measured on silicon. The performed measurements confirm that the current variation at 200 °C is better than that of the state-of-the-art CPs operating at lower temperatures, which, moreover, were only simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents a developed and implemented innovative system for electronic health care and prevention, using a complex assessment of momentary disturbances in the electrocardiographic signals, and through reasonable modeling and quantitative digital analyzes to diagnose people after physical, emotional or rehabilitation stress. The priorities of e-health and its main structures are discussed, as well as an analysis of the systemic characteristics of e-health and services. Adapted methods for the evaluation of electrocardiographic signals are proposed, which are statistically studied and applicable in practice for prevention. The developed innovative system for electronic health care and prevention through the analysis of electrocardiographic signals provides quantitative and qualitative assessments of the current state of the heart system in prevention for the purpose of health safety during exercise and training. The electronic health system has been implemented at the University of Ruse in the training of midwives, nurses and electronics engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details a case study on the implementation of dynamic line rating (DLR) to enhance the ampacity rating of Malaysia's grid. Utilizing heat balance equations endorsed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE 738) and the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE technical brochure 601), the ampacity rating of a Zebratype aluminum cable steel reinforced (ACSR) conductor on a 275 kV transmission line has been assessed. Real-time weather conditions and conductor temperatures, measured hourly by the DLR sensor over the course of a year, were incorporated into the ampacity calculation to determine the available margin. The weather parameters were analyzed based on the monsoon seasons. A comparative analysis between various methods outlined in the standards and the estimated ampacity rating derived from both standards is presented. According to both standards, the findings indicate that DLR surpasses static line rating (SLR), highlighting the presence of untapped ampacity for grid optimization. Remarkably, CIGRE TB 601 exhibits a higher ampacity rating margin than the IEEE 738 standard, with a percentage difference of 16.20%. The study concludes that the conductor is underutilized and proposes optimization through the integration of real-time weather conditions data into the heat balance equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing youth population of India requires high-quality educational opportunities to shape their future. It is the urgent need to design education policy which provides the key to scientific advancements, national integration and economic growth to ensure India's continued progress globally. Thus Ministry of Education of Government of India passed National Education Policy (NEP) in 2020 and thus Directorate of Technical Education of Government of Maharashtra decided to design and implement the curriculum in all autonomous Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) with effect from academic year 2023-24. This paper describes the implementation of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering curriculum structure at the department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India. Author has summarized components of different categories mentioned in Government Resolution of Government of Maharashtra on NEP 2020 as well as AICTE Model curriculum and compared the category wise credits suggested by both. The author further highlighted the courses and credit requirements to get Honors, Double Minor, Honors with Research degrees for gifted students and multiple entry multiple exit for students facing obstacles in their learning path. The designed curriculum has ensured the multidisciplinary and holistic education and is in line with NEP 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of renewable distributed generation (DG) systems connect to the distribution network, affecting the structure of the traditional distribution network and forming an active distribution network (ADN). Although the accelerating grid penetration of DGs brings significant challenges to the distribution network operation, the islanded operation capability of DGs provides a flexible solution to the self‐healing of ADNs from faults. To ensure that ADN can quickly recover and reconfigure in the event of a fault and continue to maintain safe, economical, and reliable operation, this paper proposes a dynamic microgrid formation method for ADNs combined with the dynamic network reconfiguration and intentional islanding operation of DGs. An optimization model is designed to represent the proposed self‐healing method, maximizing the load restoration and minimizing the DG cost, line network loss, and voltage excursion simultaneously. A binary hybrid optimization solver is applied to pursue the optimal self‐healing schedules from the optimization model. The self‐healing method is evaluated on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 33‐node system and the IEEE 123‐node system, which indicate its rationality and effectiveness fully verified. By optimizing the on and off states of the normally open switches and the on‐grid and off‐grid operation states of DGs, ADNs not only get healed with minimum load curtailment, but also achieve minimal DG generation cost, network loss, and node voltage deviation. In addition, compared with traditional solvers, the proposed solver has a slightly higher computational time than the corresponding solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of the study of flickering brightness and stroboscopic effect of commercial samples of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and lamps entering the market from various manufacturers of lighting products. The criteria for assessing the compliance of the flicker level and the probability of detecting the stroboscopic effect are the short-term parameter of flicker and the indicator of the visibility of the stroboscopic effect. The level of flickering was also evaluated in accordance with the recommendations of the standard of the American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). When measuring the flicker parameters in the frequency range up to 80 Hz and the stroboscopic effect with light modulation up to 1.2 kHz, the spectrometer MK 350S was used and the metrics recommended in international standards. It has been shown that most of the tested LED lamps and luminaires for general lighting meet the requirements regarding the safe level of flickering brightness and the visibility of the stroboscopic effect. The studied samples mainly meet the higher requirements recommended in the American standard IEEE 1789:2015. On the basis of the obtained results, the conclusions were drawn that the modern technological capabilities of the production of LED products are able to provide the market in accordance with the established requirements. The achieved level of light flickering of LED sources is lower than that of any other types of sources for general lighting powered by an alternating current network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Microgrids in integration with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are playing as one of the key models for resolving the current energy problem by offering sustainable and clean electricity. Selecting the best DER cost and corresponding energy storage size is essential for the reliable, cost-effective, and efficient operation of the electric power system. In this paper, the real-time load data of Bengaluru city (Karnataka, India) for different seasons is taken for optimization of a grid-connected DERs-based Microgrid system. This paper presents an optimal sizing of the battery, minimum operating cost and, reduction in battery charging cost to meet the overall load demand. The optimization and analysis are done using meta-heuristic, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Ensemble Learning-based techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) model for different seasons i.e., winter, spring & autumn, summer and monsoon considering three different cases. The outcome shows that the ensemble learning-based Random Forest (RF) model gives maximum savings as compared to other optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new topology of fractional slot concentrated winding double rotor axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (FSCW-DRAFPMSM) is introduced. The desired structure consists of a nonslotted stator core and two rotor discs. The pole number of the two rotors is different and these two rotors rotate at different speeds in opposite directions. A sample motor with an output power of 200 Watts is designed with the proposed structure. The two rotors of this sample motor rotate with speeds of 1200 and 857 rpm. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed structure. Some performance characteristics of the case study machine, such as the Back EMF, input power, and electromagnetic torques of two rotors are presented to confirm the correctness of the operation of the proposed structure. In addition, the shifting technique is used to improve the Back EMF waveform of the machine. An analytical formula is proposed for calculating the fundamental component of the Back EMF waveform. The accuracy of the formula is approved by FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the development of hybrid electric vehicles, researchers are trying to reduce existing limitations such as noise and environmental concerns and improve the efficiency and reliability of these systems. The use of magnetic gear technology is one of the solutions that have been recently proposed to remove these limitations and achieve higher benefits. In this paper, a mechanically coupled magnetic geared (MCMG) machine has been introduced. An accurate analytical model based on the subdomain method is presented to calculate the magnetic machine performance. To do this, first, a pseudo-Cartesian coordinate system is specified, and then the constitutive equations, i.e. Laplace's and Poisson's equations are rewritten for different regions of the machine. The separation of variables method was used to determine the general solution of the equations. Then by applying appropriate interface and boundary conditions, the Fourier coefficients of the equations were determined. To verify the analytical results, the performance of the proposed magnetic machine is numerically simulated using the finite element method in commercial software, and then a prototype is built and tested in three distinct modes. By comparing the analysis results with numerical simulation results and experimental tests, the high accuracy of the proposed analytical model can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past twenty years, low-voltage and power design have gained attention in analog VLSI design, particularly for high-performance and portable integrated circuits (ICs). Because of the increasing density of large-scale integration, a single silicon A.S.I. chip could have thousands or even millions of transistors on it. A rise in integration levels led to the development of Fin-type Field Effect Transistor (FinFETs) technology. In this research, an improved circuit design for a floating active inductor (FAI) and quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (QSO) is implemented employing only two active filters, the Z-copy-Voltage Differential Transimpedance Amplifier (Zc-VDTA). The purpose of the FAI is to contain two Zc-VDTA and one resistor with a ground capacitor, and it is easy to integrate the parameters of the Zc-VDTA bias current (IB) through the adjustment of the circuit. To verify the dependability of the circuits designed using floating active inductance circuits, a Butterworth fourth-order low-pass filter was created via component replacement. All the simulations have been carried out on 7 nm using linear technology SPICE, and cadence virtuoso tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel approach to analyzing and managing electricity consumption using a clustering algorithm and a high-accuracy classifier for smart meter data. The proposed method utilizes a multilayer perceptron neural network classifier optimized by an Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) called ICA-optimized MLP, and a CD Index based on Fuzzy c-means to optimally determine representative load curves. A case study involving a real dataset of residential smart meters is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results demonstrate that the ICA-optimized MLP method achieves an accuracy of 98.62%, outperforming other classification methods. This approach has the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs in the power system, making it a promising solution for analyzing and managing electricity consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a broadband dual-channel differential phase shifter is developed with a small phase deviation across a wide frequency range. The design consists of two main lines for 45° and 90° phase shifts, along with a reference line. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the performance of the design. Phase shifts of 45° ± 5° and 90° ± 5° over a frequency range of 1.26 GHz - 4 GHz (bandwidth of 104%) are achieved from the channels. The transmission losses of the three lines are less than 0.35 dB and the isolation between the adjacent ports is better than 20 dB. The area of this dual-channel differential phase shifter is 2.22λg² (14.7 mm x 66.15 mm), where λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, using the circuit-geometric features of the Method of Moments (MoM), presents a comprehensive analytical treatment of an exponentially non-uniform helical antenna (ENH), mounted on a ground plane of finite extent. Earlier investigations reported in the literature established that the introduction of an exponential non-uniformity in the turns spacing of an otherwise uniformly wound helical antenna significantly improves its axial ratio and power gain profiles, but failed to address two important questions; one concerning the influence of the degree of non-uniformity on the antenna performance: and the other, the associated return loss profile, which is of particular importance in practical applications. It is shown in this paper, that when a properly designed impedance matching circuitry is introduced, a return loss of the ENH of close to 60 dB is achievable; without compromising axial ratio and gain performances. Indeed, axial ratio bandwidth remained unchanged at 54.55% for both the impedance-matched and unmatched ENHs, whilst maximum gain changed marginally from 14.19dB, for the unmatched ENH to 14.18dB for the impedance-matched antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double-sided axial flux Permanent Magnet (PM) generator which can be directly driven by small-scale low-speed turbines is highly suitable for use in renewable energy generation systems. Partial demagnetization is a failure occurring under the high thermal operation of a Permanent Magnet machine. This paper focuses on partial demagnetization fault diagnosis in a double-rotor double-sided axial flux PM generator using stator currents analysis under time-varying conditions. One of the most important problems in any fault diagnosis approach is the investigation of load and speed variation on the proposed indices. To overcome the aforementioned problems, this paper adopts a novelty detection algorithm based on the Hilbert--Huang transform for fault diagnosis. This approach relies on two steps: estimating the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and computing the instantaneous amplitude (IA) and Instantaneous Frequency (IF) of IMFs using the Hilbert transform. The more significant IMFs are determined using the Hilbert spectrum, which is applied for accurate fault diagnosis. The Partial demagnetization severity can be evaluated based on the IMF's energy value. The theoretical basis of the proposed method is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a series of simulation and experimental tests under different conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A powerhouse under development, India is slowly breaking free from its traditional methods of operations. It has been chosen for analysis as it offers a plethora of diverse cultures and a variety of indigenous groups of people. The energy sector of the country is transitioning to adopt policies that are in line with its sustainable goals. Focusing on peer-to-peer energy trading and the development of blockchain technologies, unconventional methods are slowly being incorporated with the help of various experimental projects. This is backed up by peer-to-peer trading of energy providing a prosumer with an autonomous environment. The paper looks into the ongoing trends in this sector and major reforms that are required to bring about the necessary shift. Challenges and their recommendations are also been discussed along with the need to implement them. Suitable conclusions have been drawn that aim towards favoring the P2P style of open-source electricity trading as the need for such an analysis is vital to achieve a decentralized energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single Source Cross Connected Reduced Activated Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (S²C²RASCMLI) accompanied by fewer active switching components is appealing to nine-level of voltage with its simplicity and a solid network. In AC power distribution systems, multi-level inverters are used as DC-to-AC converter operations to achieve the desired output magnitude and frequency. It is employed for the smooth operation of electrical machines. The proposed S²C²RASCMIL cell yields a nine-level voltage with ten switches, nine driver signals, and two flying capacitors for dynamic load operation with reduced active switches. It has the capability of boosting the input voltage double the times. The proposed multilevel inverter operated on nine switching modes and in each mode, three switches have been conducted. It can be extended horizontal and/or vertical structure to produce more levels of output voltages. The hardware prototype was made and the results have been presented. To demonstrate the advantages of the new proposed multilevel inverter topology, a comprehensive comparison with a few other similar multilevel inverter configurations is done. Analysis and simulation output waveforms for a variety of load conditions were tested to check the feasibility of the proposed new multi-level inverter. The proposed MLI offers better performance than existing multilevel inverters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nonparametric Speech Kernel (NSK), a nonparametric kernel technique, is presented in this study as a novel way to improve Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). The method aims to effectively reduce the size of speech features to improve recognition accuracy. The proposed approach addresses the need for efficient and compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition. Having acknowledged the intrinsic distinctions between speech and picture data, we have refined the Kernel Nonparametric Weighted Feature Extraction (KNWFE) formulation to suggest NSK, which is especially intended for speech emotion identification. The output of NSK can be used as input features for deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), or hybrid architectures. In deep learning, NSK can also be used as a kernel function for kernel-based methods such as kernelized support vector machines (SVM) or kernelized neural networks. Our tests demonstrate that NSK outperforms current techniques, outperforming the best-tested approach by 5.02% and 3.05%, respectively, with an average accuracy of 96.568% for the Persian speech emotion dataset and 82.56% for the Berlin speech emotion dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an active electrically small Horn antenna for very high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) frequencies is presented. The proposed horn antenna has a height of 5 cm and a diameter of 4.28 cm which can cover 6-12 GHz without a special active circuit with the VSWR of less than 2. A Non-foster Active Adaptation Circuit is used to reduce the antenna input frequency from 164 MHz to 880 MHz. Good matching is visible between the simulation results and the measurement of the antenna reflection coefficient with the active matching circuit. The proposed structure has more than 137 % bandwidth. With the proposed active antenna, the problem of non-portability of VHF and UHF Horn antenna antennas has been solved. Finally, by analyzing the time domain, the stability of the circuit is examined, and the results of the stability test show that the system, including the antenna and the circuit, is stable. The antenna and the matching circuits are simulated by CST microwave studio and advanced design system, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a solid-state quantum processor is nowadays a hot research topic in microelectronics. Like the logic gates in a classical processor, quantum gates serve as the fundamental building blocks for quantum processors. The main goal of the present paper is to deduce the matrix of the main one- and two-qubit quantum gates from the Schrödinger equation. The mathematical formalism is kept as comfortable as possible for electronics engineers. This paper does not cover topics such as dissipations, state density, coherence, and state purity. In a similar manner, this paper also deals with the quantum nature of a quantum processor by leveraging the concept of a finite-state machine, which is a background notion for any electronics engineer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the challenge of protecting electrical networks in the presence of distribution generators (DGs). The use of DGs affects fault currents, leading to miscoordination between protection relays and causing constraints on network reliability. To tackle this issue, the authors propose an adaptive protection scheme (APS) based on a modified pelican optimization algorithm (MPOA) and active database management system (ADBMS). The APS coordinates directional overcurrent relays and distance relays, while the MPOA simulates a pelican mating strategy and includes a modified internal equation. The proposed APS is further upgraded with ADBMS to save system resources by storing relay settings in the database and calling them when the state of DGs changes without running optimization algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed APS is validated on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) eight‐bus test system and the IEEE 14‐bus distribution network. Results indicate that the APS can effectively protect electrical networks in the presence of DGs, while the ADBMS upgrade saves system resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the digital transformation of the aviation industry based on twins of maintenance and repair. As a result of digitization, a set of documents and application software are formed in a virtual reality environment. The concept of a digital twin is presented in the context of a model-based system design of the helicopter maintenance process according to the technical regulations. Based on statistical modeling technologies, a model for assembling aircraft units has been developed, in which time characteristics are qualitative estimates of learning processes and the effectiveness of digital twins. The results of experimental studies based on the method of analysis of students' certification using digital twins in the assembly of aircraft units are presented. It has been established that at the production site of an aircraft repair enterprise it is effective to apply training at the first stage using digital twins, and at the second stage using real objects. Based on analytical and experimental studies, regression models are proposed for the relationship between the optimal number of trainings at the second stage and the relative coefficient of training time for successful training and certification of mechanics and electronics engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]