Search

Aim. Chickpea AHAS gene molecular-marker analysis. To achieve this aim following tasks were set: chickpea AHAS gene SNP markers research and development, chickpea varieties and samples genotyping by the markers. Methods. CTAB method of DNA isolation and purification, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Chickpea AHAS1 gene KASP gene specificity was found: there were no DNA amplification with lens and maize samples observed. Three Ukrainian chickpea varieties and 28 ICRISAT collection samples KASP genotyping detected only wild-type C-allele. Authors own SNP markers 58 chickpea samples genotyping showed that AHAS1 gene within samples was homozygous, no mutant T allele was detected. Conclusions. 31 chickpea samples contained wild-type C-allele by KASP genotyping, which is associated with imidazoline herbicide susceptibility. 58 chickpea samples contained C-allele by authors own SNP markers genotyping. Mutant T-allele that is associated with tolerance absence indicates researched samples imidazole herbicide tolerance low level.

An outbreak of nodular gill disease (NGD) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) was recorded in Ladoga Lake (Karelia, north-western Russia) in Spring 2020. The disease was characterised by typical clinical signs including asphyxiation, distended opercula, loss of activity and swimming upside down under the water surface. Maximum monthly mortality was 15.2%. The histological examination of the gills showed deformation and clubbing of lamellae, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and fusion of filaments. Granulomas were located within the epithelial layer and/or rose above its surface. Light microscopic in vivo observations of the mucus smears from the affected gills revealed numerous amoeboid protists demonstrating a flattened body when adhering to the substratum, and blunt, radiating pseudopodia when afloat. Based on these morphological characters, these amoebae could be assigned to the Discosea (Amoebozoa), and analyses of their small subunit rRNA gene sequences showed that they belonged to the genus Vannella Bovee, 1965. The results reported herein support the designation of a new species, V. mustalahtiana sp. nov. Despite having been isolated from the gills of a freshwater fish, the species belongs to a clade of Vannella comprising mostly species isolated from marine and brackish water habitats. These findings may be essential for the aetiology and treatment of the disease.

The article discusses a spatial model of two links of variable length of an active exoskeleton that simulate a supporting leg. The variable length link has the following construction. Two sections of constant length are located at the ends of the link. They are assumed to have mass. Between them, in the vicinity of the center of the link, there is a section of variable length. It is assumed to be weightless. On a weightless section, there is a drive that provides a controlled change in the length of the link when a person moves in an exoskeleton. Drives are installed in each hinge, providing the necessary turns with the relative rotational movement of the links. The difference between the proposed model and the previously studied ones lies in the use of the angles between the links, which corresponds to the real operation of electric drives. The paths of the links are set kinematically. The control forces are determined in the model from the compiled system of differential equations of motion. The calculation of energy consumption during the single-support phase of movement for one step is carried out. The application of the proposed model in the form of two links of variable length of the active exoskeleton can be found when selecting a battery for the autonomous operation of the exoskeleton.

The article discusses the healing effect of swimming and water exercises, which are methods for improving health. Exercising in the aquatic environment has many benefits - it minimizes weight bearing. This can be used in the application of personalized exercise to certain populations: especially the elderly, pregnant women, and people with arthritis, diabetes, disability, or excess obesity.

The article discusses motor activity, which contains certain patterns of exercises that can influence the development and improvement of all body systems in the right direction, influencing them in a positive, health-improving and strengthening way. A reasonable combination of physical activity, rest and mental work is a necessary condition for the preservation and restoration of the psychophysical health of each individual.

The article discusses the effectiveness and variety of cardio training and their benefits. Lack of physical activity in our lives can lead to a whole range of diseases. Cardio loads can strengthen our body and improve well-being. When using cardio loads, the activity of the circulatory system, heart, respiratory organs improves, endurance increases.

The article deals with physical education, which is the basis for the spiritual and physical culture of the individual, which creates a system of human values implemented through the prism of a healthy lifestyle. In the process of development and formation of social educational systems, physical culture and sports are the dominant factors influencing the formation and development of the physical qualities of a person.

Introduction. The increasing shortage of water resources in the Republic of Crimea, due to water supplies from the external water source being shut off, emphasized the need to rationally use the existing water resource potential, which in turn requires a balance between the water users’ interests and maintaining a favorable environmental situation in the peninsula’s watercourses. Although in Russian and global practice there is a whole range of approaches to assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the state of river geosystems, not all of them are applicable to solving the indicated problem. Methods. By testing integrated techniques, methods and models for assessing the impact of human activity on the stability of river natural and engineering systems (using the Zuya River as an example), we selected the most appropriate approach to develop viable solutions in water management. Results. By comparing the possibilities of using the scoring index method to assess the stability and vulnerability of watercourses to changes in physical and geographical as well as hydrological parameters and water quality, and methodology for the integrated assessment of the geoecological state of water resources of small rivers and the system model “Minor River Basin”, we revealed that only with the use of the latter it is possible not only to assess the real situation but also identify the reasons that impede the rational use of the peninsula’s watercourses. Conclusion. When developing decisions related to water management in the Republic of Crimea, the use of a suitable methodological approach to assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the stability of river geosystems will make it possible to avoid mistakes when choosing measures and prioritizing actions aimed at the rational use of the existing water resource potential.

The article presents the results of the empirical study devoted to the analysis of the relations between the variables of thinking abilities and personality-cognitive styles. The study involved 292 students of sociohumanitarian and economic faculties of the cities of Moscow and Kaluga aged 17 to 25 (19.44 ± 1.48), among which 62% were girls. Statistical data processing was carried out on the basis of the IBM SPSS software package. The obtained results indicate relationships among the ability to classify objects, categorical and generative abilities with variables of personality-cognitive styles. However, thinking abilities relate in different ways to personality-cognitive styles. The strongest conjugation of personality-cognitive styles is revealed with generative abilities. This fact manifests the organic involvement of personality-cognitive styles in the construction of a new reality – the creation of fundamentally new mental spaces and patterns of behaviour.

The article considers a flat model of a passively active exoskeleton with links of variable length. The construction of a variable-length link, suitable for implementation in a robotic device in the form of a passively active exoskeleton, is as follows: at the ends of the link there are two sections of constant length having mass, between them there is a section of variable length, considered weightless. On a weightless area is a tension-compression spring, which ensures the maintenance of the link length and energy recovery during the movement of a person in the exoskeleton. A torsion spring is installed in each hinge, which provides energy recovery with relative rotational movement of the links. The application of the proposed model in the form of a passively active exoskeleton with spring elements will allow a person to reduce the load on the joints and increase strength, endurance due to energy recovery, increase comfort and time of continuous use. It is possible to use the proposed model in the rehabilitation process to restore impaired functions of the human musculoskeletal system.

Renewable energy has become a promising way to meet growing energy needs in the society. However, operation of power supply systems based on renewable energy sources (RES) depends on a number of uncontrolled factors. This imposes certain restrictions on applications and causes application-related challenges. At this point, the search for the best combination of applied energy sources has been still a key issue. Methodological approaches to the solution to this problem are diverse. The idea of our research is the application of tools from economics and mathematics to measure the best mutual substitution of energy resources in the production facility local power supply system. Authors have considered the possible application of RES through the example of the Russian-based production facility typical in terms of average power consumption and size. Authors chose a solar power plant as a renewable energy source. From the simulation results, authors conclude that when using RES, in terms of gross figures, there is about 20-25% less consumption. This makes it possible to achieve the balanced energy consumption from traditional sources throughout a production cycle. Our calculations have showed that, depending on the seasonal prevalence, it is possible to reduce average daily costs for power (in case of compensation from RES) by about 15.75% in the first season, 37.04% in the second season, and 25.44% in the third season. As for time period, in the second season, in the half-peak period (43.68%), we achieve the highest saving, while the lowest saving in the half-peak period of the first season (1.22%). Thus, the application of the solar power plant as a part of the local power supply system of the production facility makes it possible on average to achieve the 13% less energy consumed from centralized sources. It is safe to say that the application of combined sources of power in local power supply systems of production facilities is economically feasible to compensate for peak and half-peak loads. Authors have concluded that the potential of RES at the enterprise might be only developed as that of an additional energy resource and full substitution is impossible.Keywords: Renewable energy sources, Production facilities, Centralized and decentralized power supply systems, Balance of energy resources, Resource sustainabilityJEL Classifications: Q43, L95, L97DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8960

At present, the goal of education is not only to prepare a specialist who has received theoretical and practical training of high-level. It is also important for a student to be engaged in the development of new technologies, to adapt to the conditions of a particular production environment, and be able to make new technological decisions. Therefore, the educational process should be developed under the conditions of a model-based approach. The purpose of this study is to present the developed structure of interaction between the subjects of the educational process in terms of the problem-model approach within preparation of elementary education teachers. A methodical system of specialized training of pedagogical students (n=400) has been developed by researchers and implemented during 5 weeks in the context of problem modeling. Results show that the number of students of experimental group who have reached the creative level of training was 62.5%, which is 1.3 times more than the same indicator for control group, where there is a minority of such students. Thus, most students have achieved a creative level of training in specialized academic disciplines and a high level of development of specialized competencies. The materials of the article can be useful to: faculty and heads of universities, where future teachers are trained, to improve the quality of student training and more effective organization of the educational process; employers of future teachers; pedagogical students and potential applicants. © 2020, Ankara University. All rights reserved.

In an aqueous solution, fluorescein can exist in the form of several protolytic forms. Transitions between these forms in an excited state greatly complicate the process of studying the luminescent properties of individual components. For such a system, the emission spectrum depends on the excitation wavelength. In this paper, it is shown that for a sample having these properties, the universal Kennard thermodynamic relation for luminescence intensity is valid under any conditions, whereas the less general Kennard–Stepanov relation can be violated.

All-optical signal processing remains an active field of research [1] , [2] . The fundamental challenge is the nature of photons that do not interact with each other but require a nonlinear medium. Majority gates have been proposed in a number of arrangements [3] , [4] , including injection-locked lasers [5] . Recently, we have demonstrated such an all-optical majority gate based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) [6] . Here we demonstrate numerically operation of a set of consequent majority gates based on injection locking technique taking into account noise in lasers. The operation principle is to transmit and process Phase-Shift Keyed (PSK) optical signal, and at the same time suppress the amplitude variation after each majority gate (make a normalization procedure, Fig. 1 ). We use here a special operation mode of a phase-locked laser suppressing the amplitude variations while keeping the phase modulation.

This essay is a brief review of the recent studies of non-singular cosmological scenarios with bounce and Genesis and their stability in a subclass of scalar–tensor theories with higher derivatives—beyond Horndeski theories. We discuss the general results of stability analysis of the nonsingular cosmological solutions in beyond Horndeski theories, as well as other closely related topics: 1) the no-go theorem, which is valid in the general Horndeski theories but not in their extensions, 2) singularities in disformal transformations relating beyond Horndeski theories with general ones, 3) healthy behavior of the scalar sector in the unitary gauge despite divergencies of coefficients in the quadratic action for perturbations (“γ-crossing”). We describe several specific examples of bouncing cosmologies and models with Genesis epoch which have neither ghosts nor gradient instabilities among the linearized perturbations about the homogeneous isotropic background during entire evolution.

Aim. Analysis of homologues of chickpea gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, by bioinformatics methods. Methods. Alignment of nucleotide sequences, UPGMA method, Maximum Composite Likelihood method, homologous modeling of three-dimensional structure of enzyme. Results. Homologues of the acetohydroxyacid syntase gene (AHAS) of chickpea were found among representatives of different families. A certain level of conservativeness of mRNA homologues sequences of AHAS gene within the families was noted, including legumes. The distribution of clusters corresponds to the taxonomic position of the investigated plant species. The single nucleotide polymorphism C / T at position 581, potentially associated with herbicide resistance, was detected. Based on the homologous modeling results, two models of the enzyme AHAS were constructed. The replacement of C / T, which leads to the replacement of the amino acids of alanine with valine, leads to a change in the conformation in the A chain of protein. Conclusions. Marker screening of the source breeding material by «real-time» polymerase chain reaction with the developed primers and the TaqMan probe to the polymorphic region of the AHAS gene will allow differentiating the herbicide «resistant» and «tolerant» alleles of the gene for the selection of target genotypes. Keywords: chickpea, acetohydroxyacid syntase gene, single nucleotide polymorphism, resistance to herbicides.

A possibility to reduce costs incurred in both product manufacturing and energy consumption constitutes energy-efficient consumption at industrial enterprises. Manufacturers operating in various economic sectors adopt similar conceptual models of energy consumption, which allows developing a universal solution for modeling such processes. The central problem of modeling lies in finding an adequate objective function based on a sufficient set of parameters and characteristics of the efficiency of an enterprise’s power circuit. The article justifies the performance indicators of industrial enterprises’ power supply systems. The literature review proves that economic feasibility of energy efficiency is especially obvious if a massive modernization program is implemented. The estimates produced indicate that the largest portion of the potential energy savings is attributed to implementation of energy-saving projects in industrial buildings and other structures. We present a mathematical model designed to perform a comparative analysis of technical and economic features of two modernization scenarios of the heat and power supply system of an industrial enterprise circuit. Performing a simulation calculation based on performance aspects of Russian companies, the paper outlines the advantages of integrated modernization and analyzes the influence of various factors. The results reveal that there is an inverse correlation between specific heat consumption of buildings under thermal modernization and the length of the thermal network. As specific energy consumption in the thermal modernization scenario increases, the payback period for capital investments decreases. The effect of this dynamics is virtually proportional. Compared with total costs for various heat sources, the share of capital costs differs significantly; however, the share of running costs is dominant for all types of units. At the same time, the length of an enterprise’s heat circuit weakly affects the payback period of capital costs.Keywords: Energy efficiency; Industrial enterprise; Thermal modernization; Energy modeling.JEL Classifications: Q43, L95, L97DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7376

The basis of rational management of water resources quality on the territory of cities is to obtain complete and reliable information, reflecting the state of water bodies. This becomes possible only if the monitoring network is properly organized and balanced from an ecological and economic point of view. The fulfillment of this requirement makes it possible not only to obtain the data, necessary to assess current state of water resources, to make forecasts of changes in the qualitative indicators of river runoff, taking into account water availability of the year, level of anthropogenic load, but also in some cases to localize areas, where unauthorized discharges of pollutants are practised. In the course of this study, it was found that the monitoring network of observations of hydrochemical, biogenic indicators and physical properties of water within the boundaries of the Simferopol city district is organized irrationally. In order to increase ecological and economic efficiency of its functioning, it is advisable for monitoring organizations to agree on a list of monitored indicators, the number and location of observation posts, as well as to monitor the impact of the urban environment on the Slavyanka river.

Treated sewage wastewater is a possible alternative water source for increasing the water supply to the agricultural industry of the Republic of Crimea. However, their use, according to the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, is constrained by a combination of a number of factors that need to be taken into account and analyzed before implementing this direction. The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of using treated wastewater for irrigation purposes in the Republic of Crimea in modern conditions. The main source of this water category is large sewage treatment plants (STP) serving the cities of Alushta, Dzhankoy, Yevpatoria, Kerch, Saki, Simferopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta. They account for about 80% of the volume of wastewater, discharged into surface water bodies annually. Based on the salt composition of the treated wastewater, the most promising alternative water sources for irrigation purposes are the STP “Ukromnoye”.

The article is devoted to the issues of determining the structure and type of the industrial market of the Russian electric power industry. A comprehensive analysis of competition was conducted based on empirical data on installed capacities, production volumes and economic results of Russian power generating companies for 2016. The most common indices and coefficients for assessing the concentration of the industry market are critically evaluated taking into account the criteria of consistency, efficiency, intuitivity and the power of behavioral response. Based on them, a ranking approach of an integrated market type definition is proposed. The obtained results show that the Russian electricity market is classified as a diffused oligopoly with a tendency to monopolistic competition. The market is dominated by 9 significant players, who control more than 70% of electricity generation collectively. An important feature of the market is the absence of participants independent of the state and not affiliated with large industrial groups. The unclear type of the market indicates a possible change in the medium term subject to a number of conditions. This is facilitated by a stable long-term trend towards a reduction in market concentration by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. At the same time, the probability of a significant redistribution of market shares is low until the structural problems of the industry are resolved. The revealed specificity of the industry is the existence of a significant market potential, even with a small amount of the player's market share (less than 10% sometimes). These circumstances point to the prospect of comparing the RSI residual supply indices between players in the regional market and between zones of free electricity flow in Russia. The results of the research open wide heuristic opportunities in the development of practical recommendations on the organization of corporate management and state regulation in the industry.Keywords: Market concentration, Electric power industry, Competition, Market structure.JEL Classifications: L94, D40DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7169

Activity is the most important resource for the development of both the individual and society. Due to their social status and age characteristics, youth is a group whose activity is increasing. However, what kind of vector this activity will take (antisocial or prosocial) depends on a number of objective and subjective factors, tools for involving young people in society. We conducted an online survey among the youth of the Chelyabinsk region in order to understand the involvement of youth in various communities (media communities, formal, informal associations, self-government bodies) acting as agents of involving youth in social activity. We chose a number of constructive forms of youth participation and examined them in order of increasing share of proactivity (participation in youth projects, participation in solving community problems, discussing current problems and youth programs, disease prevention, implementing our own social projects), we studied how much they are in demand by youth with taking into account gender and place of residence. The results of the study show that more than two-thirds of young people turn to online media communities and only about a third to formal youth associations. Young people often display forms of social activity (participation in youth projects) and are less involved in forms related to proactivity, while rural youth are more often included in the manifestation of both active and proactive forms. The study has a number of limitations; it is necessary to correlate the obtained data with the data based on other research methods.

Water storage facilities like any other technical constructions need timely maintenance, which, in turn, implies the need for allocation of the funds necessary to execute these activities. There are many ways to solve this problem, one of which is the use of hydropower potential. The paper analyzes the water management situation on the example of the Belogorsk reservoir, considers various feasible economic mechanisms for improving the efficiency of its management, and identifies the most optimal one. For the chosen water facility, it is the use of its hydropower potential. The development of the Belogorsk reservoir with hydropower equipment and the use of a regulated mode of operation at constant pressure will make it possible to recoup the investment in less than two years, and then to receive additional financial resources for the necessary operational measures at this water body.

Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions. Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.

The Amur region has a significant potential for non-wood plant resources: food, medicine, feed, and technology. The northern regions have a territorial advantage in the potential of forest production, where there is a low and average level of agricultural production against the background of a fairly high level of unemployment among the working-age population. Taking into account the cluster policy of the region in the implementation of the designed portfolio of pilot cluster projects, a cluster-cooperative project for the development of an agricultural consumer cooperative for the production, processing and marketing of berries, aimed at the production and production of a wide range of products using wild plants, the formation of a competitive level of price and quality that meets the demand and requirements of customers of export (international) markets, was developed. Through cooperation and integration of personal subsidiary farms within the framework of the project, it is planned to create a single logistics center of the cluster for managing commodity flows of products, ensuring product quality, and organizing certification of products for export. The project is fully integrated into the structure of the organizational and functional mechanism of the agro-industrial cluster of the Amur region, providing support for the project at all stages from the initial stage of project formation to the release of products for export. It is assumed that the implementation of the developed cluster-cooperative project will form the basis for the rational use of non-wood forest resources in the region and will serve not only as a source of income for the local population, the consolidation of permanent personnel in forestry, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and will also contribute to increasing the productivity of forest plantations.

The article presents the results of empirical studies of successful performance in students with different types of attachment. The following research methods were chosen: conversation method, questionnaires, projective technique and testing method represented by the following procedures: "Adult Attachment Interview", projective drawing techniques, "Mother and Child". A significant difference between the successes of training in high school students was noted with avoidant type of attachment with respect to students with reliable and ambivalent types. Students with a reliable and ambivalent attachment styles are more successful in their performance, those with avoidant attachment style are less successful. The worst performance of students with avoiding attachment types can be explained by the fact that they are unlikely to perceive criticism positively, it is difficult for them to build trust relationships with adults and peers, they have inherent infantile behavior. The results of the study provide a basis for the development of programs aimed at preventing school failure prospective students and increase the success of learning in students who are in the learning process.

The review deals with the present state of maize root system research and its role in drought tolerance and productivity. Maize root system idiotype - the optimal architecture of the root system for soil with water deficiency is described. The molecular and genetic aspects of the maize root system traits and drought tolerance are demonstrated. There are the results of studies of genes and loci of maize root system traits associated with providing drought tolerance. It presents an innovative approach, with which estimated roots morphological traits - automatic phenotypic analysis of the digital image of the plants root systems by software. Creating deep-rooted plants is considered to be an important strategy to improve water production and yield stability. Presenting the program Roots Power™, developed by "Euralis Semens" (France), under which the EU set up the first maize hybrid Sensor (FAO 370), with modified characteristics of the root system, which provides significant resistance to drought and lodging, yield stability.Keywords: drought tolerance, root system, maize, genes, quantitative trait loci