71 results on '"Eşel, Ertuğrul"'
Search Results
2. Serum oxytocin levels in patients with depression and the effects of gender and antidepressant treatment
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Ozsoy, Saliha, Esel, Ertugrul, and Kula, Mustafa
- Published
- 2009
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3. Growth hormone response to the GABA-B agonist baclofen in 3-week abstinent alcoholics
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Ozsoy, Saliha, Esel, Ertugrul, Turan, Tayfun, and Kula, Mustafa
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- 2007
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4. Investigation of cytochrome p450 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 gene expressions and polymorphisms in alcohol withdrawal (eng)
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Taşçıoğlu, Nazife, primary, Saatçi, Çetin, additional, Emekli, Rabia, additional, Tuncel, Gulten, additional, Eşel, Ertuğrul, additional, and Dundar, Munis, additional
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- 2021
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5. A Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in drug-free schizophrenic patients with deficit and non-deficit syndrome
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Gonul, Ali Saffet, Kula, Mustafa, Eşel, Ertuğrul, Tutuş, Ahmet, and Sofuoglu, Seher
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- 2003
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6. Effects of short- and long-term lithium treatment on kidney functioning in patients with bipolar mood disorder
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Turan, Tayfun, Eşel, Ertuğrul, Tokgöz, Bülent, Aslan, Suat, Sofuoğlu, Seher, Utaş, Cengiz, and Keleştimur, Fahrettin
- Published
- 2002
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7. Auditory event-related potentials in panic and generalised anxiety disorders
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Turan, Tayfun, Esel, Ertugrul, Karaaslan, Fatih, Basturk, Mustafa, Oguz, Aslan, and Yabanoglu, Ihsan
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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8. Effects of short and long-term lithium treatment on serum prolactin levels in patients with bipolar affective disorder
- Author
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Baştürk, Mustafa, Karaaslan, Fatih, Eşel, Ertuğrul, Sofuoğlu, Seher, Tutuş, Ahmet, and Yabanoğlu, İhasan
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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9. Alterations of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and its effects on cognitive functions during early and late alcohol withdrawal
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EŞEL, Ertuğrul, Besirli, Aslı, Turan, Tolga, and ÖZSOY, Sedat
- Published
- 2015
10. Alterations of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor levels and its effects on cognitive functions during early and late alcohol withdrawal
- Author
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BEŞİRLİ, ASLI, TURAN, MUSTAFA TAYFUN, DEMİREL-ÖZSOY, SALİHA, and EŞEL, ERTUĞRUL
- Published
- 2015
11. Antik ya da eski sağlık inançlarının günlük yaşam üzerindeki etkileri
- Author
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DENİZ ŞAFAK, Elif, MAZICIOĞLU, Mustafa Mümtaz, GÖLGELİ, Asuman, ÜSTÜNBAŞ, Hasan Basri, and EŞEL, Ertuğrul
- Published
- 2014
12. Evaluating the attachment behaviour in during puberty and adulthood
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EŞEL, Ertuğrul, ÖZTOP, Didem Behice, and ÇIKILI UYTUN, Merve
- Published
- 2013
13. Suggested Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder.
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Hacimusalar, Yunus and Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
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DIAGNOSIS of mental depression , *BIOMARKERS , *CYTOKINES , *MENTAL depression , *GROWTH factors , *NEURORADIOLOGY , *OXIDATIVE stress , *BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor , *EPIGENOMICS - Abstract
Currently, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly relies on clinical examination and subjective evaluation of depressive symptoms. There is no non-invasive, quantitative test available today for the diagnosis of MDD. In MDD, exploration of biomarkers will be helpful in diagnosing the disorder as well as in choosing a treatment, and predicting the treatment response. In this article, it is aimed to review the findings of suggested biomarkers such as growth factors, cytokines and other inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, endocrine markers, energy balance hormones, genetic and epigenetic features, and neuroimaging in MDD and to evaluate how these findings contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, the prediction of treatment response, severity of the disorder, and identification of subtypes. Among these, the findings related to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, and neuroimaging may be strong candidates for being biomarkers MDD, and may provide critical information in understanding biological etiology of depression. Although the findings are not sufficient yet, we think that the results of epigenetic studies will also provide very important contributions to the biomarker research in MDD. The availability of biomarkers in MDD will be an advancement that will facilitate the diagnosis of the disorder, treatment choices in the early stages, and prediction of the course of the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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14. Güzellik Algılamasının Nörobiyolojisi ve Evrimsel Temelleri.
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Eşel, Ertuğrul and Eşel, Gülüstan Polat
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ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *PERSONAL beauty , *BODY image , *NEUROBIOLOGY , *HUMAN voice , *ATTITUDES toward sex - Abstract
Beauty in human beings can be defined as physical attractiveness to the opposite sex. Although the perception of attractiveness varies between cultures and individuals to a certain extent, it is established that most of the criteria for attractiveness are common among many cultures. According to evolutionary psychologists, facial and body-related features that people find attractive reflect the adaptations determined by sexual selection, which is one of the driving forces of evolution. These adaptations evolved to explore the mate value and reproductive success of a potential partner. Being attractive provides many social advantages to a person, and it is known that people make some positive attributions about other characteristics of such a person as well. Among humans, features such as facial beauty, youth, body shape, behaviors, voice tone, and ornamentation are important factors in the evaluation of attractiveness of the opposite sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. The Effects of Ancient or Old Health Believes on Daily Life: Review
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MAZICIOĞLU, M. Mümtaz, primary, DENİZ ŞAFAK, Elif, additional, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, additional, ÜSTÜNBAŞ, Hasan Basri, additional, and GÖLGELİ, Asuman, additional
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- 2015
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16. Testosterone and 17-OH progesteron levels in women with depression and the effects of antidepressant treatment
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Kartalci, Sukru, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, Ozsoy, Saliha, and ÜNAL, SÜHEYLA
- Abstract
Objective: Women suffer from depression more often than males, indicating that sex hormones might be involved in the etiology of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether testosterone and 17-OH progesterone are related to the pathophysiology of depression in depressed women. We also investigated if any alteration takes place in these hormonal variables with antidepressant treatment. Methods: Forty female inpatients suffering from a depressive episode and 20 healthy female controls were recruited in the study. In the patient and control groups, serum total testosterone, 17-OH progesterone and SHBG levels were assayed. Pharmacotherapy was given to the patient group for 6-10 weeks (venlafaxine n=19, fluoxetine n=12, imipramine n=9). Hormonal measurements were repeated after the treatment in the patient group who responded to antidepressant treatment. Results: Serum testosterone levels were higher in the depressive women than in the healthy women. The testosterone levels were normalized by antidepressant treatment. 17-OH progesterone and SHBG levels did not differ between patients and controls. Conclusions: The result of normalized testosterone levels with pharmacotherapy suggests that testosterone may have a relationship with depression. Elevated levels of testosterone in depressed women might be a result of over activation of the adrenal glands, which are the main source of this hormone in women. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:285-292)
- Published
- 2009
17. Şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk ve major depresif bozukluk hastalarında farmakoterapinin vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeylerine etkileri
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EŞEL, Ertuğrul
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- 2009
18. Probable cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of religious and mystic experiences Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri
- Author
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EŞEL, Ertuğrul
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- 2009
19. Alkol Bağımlılığında Stresin Rolü ve Strese Cevap Sistemindeki Değişiklikler
- Author
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ASDEMİR, Akif and EŞEL, Ertuğrul
- Published
- 2005
20. Effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on serum TSH and PRL levels in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrom
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KELEŞTEMUR, Hasan Fahrettin, TANRIVERDİ, Fatih, Özsoy, S, ÇALIŞ, Mustafa, sofoğlu, S, İzgi, Hasan Basri, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and TURAN, Mustafa Tayfun
- Published
- 2005
21. Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence and Implications on Treatment.
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EŞEL, Ertuğrul and DİNÇ, Köksal
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ALCOHOLISM treatment ,AFFECTIVE neuroscience ,REWARD (Psychology) ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,GABA ,GLUTAMIC acid ,DRINKING of alcoholic beverages & psychology - Abstract
The process of alcohol dependence has been conceptualized as a progress from controlled alcohol intake to compulsive alcohol consumption or a shift from alcohol intake for pleasure to compulsory alcohol seeking behavior. Hereditary and physical factors and the interaction of individuals with their environment, as well as permanent changes in the neurotransmitter and neurohormonal systems in the brain due to alcohol use, have an important role in the etiology of alcohol dependence. The effects of ethanol on the neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and neuroendocrine systems not only account for its acute physiological and euphoric/reinforcing effects but also seem to be responsible for the development of dependence. While the motivation for alcohol use is mainly positive reinforcement in the earlier phases of alcohol consumption, both positive and negative reinforcements are involved in the process once dependence has developed. This event, termed allostasis, is caused by a neuroadaptive process due to chronic alcohol consumption. It seems that the most important neuroadaptive changes in progression from occasional alcohol intake to dependence are the: (1) down-regulation of the dopamine and gamma aminobutyric acid systems; (2) permanent upregulation in the glutamate system; and (3) dysregulation in the stress systems (corticotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin) of the brain. In this paper, we will review the adaptive changes caused by chronic alcohol consumption, which are important in the development of dependence, and address the potential therapeutic contributions of interventions to these changes in alcohol dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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22. Lise öğrencilerinde bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullanım sıklılığının belirlenmesi
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DENİZ ŞAFAK, Elif, MAZICIOĞLU, Mustafa Mümtaz, Karadağ, Durmuş Ali, Temur, Yavuz, ÖZTÜRK, Ahmet, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, ZAİMOĞLU, Ali, GÜN, Iskender, and Bildik, İsmail
- Published
- 2005
23. Sağlıklı kişilerde ve şizofrenlerde sigaranın sürekli dikkate etkisi
- Author
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Özesmi, Çiğdem, SÜER, Cem, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, DOLU, Nazan, KAFADAR, Hatice, and KARAKAŞ, Sirel
- Published
- 2002
24. Effects of lithium treatment on granulocytes and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with bipolar affective disorder
- Author
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ÖZDEMİR, Muhammed Mustafa, Köse, Kader, Gönül, Ali Saffet, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, Sofuoǧlu, Seher, KILIÇ, Hüseyin, TURAN, Mustafa Tayfun, and BAŞTÜRK, Mustafa
- Published
- 2001
25. Sigaranın duyusal kapılama fonksiyonuna etkisi
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SÜER, Cem, Özesmi, Çiğdem, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, and DOLU, Nazan
- Published
- 2001
26. Effects of Lithium Treatment on Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with bipolar affective disorder
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BAŞTÜRK, Mustafa, TURAN, Mustafa Tayfun, KÖSE, Sema Kader, KILIÇ, Hüseyin, EŞEL, Ertuğrul, ÖZDEMİR, Mehmet Akif, Sofuoğlu, Seher, and Gönül, Ali Saffet
- Published
- 2000
27. Ergenlik Ve Erişkinlikte Bağlanma Davranışının Değerlendirilmesi
- Author
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ÇIKILI, Merve, primary, ÖZTOP, Didem Behice, additional, and EŞEL, Ertuğrul, additional
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- 2013
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28. Şizofrenik hastalar ve akrabalarında işitsel olaya ilişkin uyarılmış potansiyeller
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Eşel, Ertuğrul, Oğuz, Aslan, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
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Psychiatry ,Patients ,Schizophrenia ,Family ,Evoked potentials-auditory ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
Şizofrenide biyolojik bir belirleyici olduğu düşünülen olaya ilişkin (event-related) potan siyeller, şizofreniklerde, şizofreniklerin birinci dereceden akrabalarında ve kontrollerde `oddball` yöntemiyle kaydedilmiş ve aralarındaki farklar değerlendirilmiştir. Şizofrenik lerde ilaç tedavisinden bağımsız olarak geç ERP komponentlerinden olan N2 ve P300 po tansiyellerinin latanslarında uzama ve P300 amplitüdünde düşme bulunmuştur. Şizofren lerin I. dereceden akrabalarında da kontrollere göre N2 ve P300 latanslarının uzamış ol duğu tesbit edilmiş ve sonuçlar literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, geç ERP komponentlerinin latanslarındaki değişikliğin bilgi işlemenin bazı aşamalarındaki bozuk luğu yansıtabileceği ve bu bozukluğun, şizofreniklerdeki düzeyde olmasa bile, şizofre niklerin akrabalarında da olduğu düşünülmüştür. Sonuçlarımız, geç ERP'lerdeki anormal liklerin risk altındaki bireylerde biyolojik bir belirleyici olarak kullanılabileceği şeklinde ki görüşleri desteklemektedir. The event-related potentials, which are considered to be a biological marker in schizoph renia, were recorded in the schizophrenic patients, in the immediate relatives of the schi zophrenics, and in control subjects with oddball paradigm and the differences among them have been studied. In schizophrenics, an increased latency has been observed in N2 and P300 potentials, which are among the components of late ERPs, and a decrease in the P300 amplitude, independent of medication. It was also found that the immediate relati ves of the schizophrenics had a greater N2 and P300 latency than those of the control subjects, and the results were discussed in the light of the existing literature. It was conc luded that the changes in the latency of late ERP components could reflect the disturban ces in some stages of information processing and that this impairment could be found, if not in the same degree as seen in the schizophrenics, in the relatives of the schizophrenic patients. Our results corroborate the suggestions that the abnormalities in the late ERPs could be used as a biological markers in individuals under risk for schizophrenia. 76
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- 1994
29. Manic Episode Associated with Mega Cisterna Magna
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Turan, Tayfun, primary, Beşirli, Aslı, additional, Asdemir, Akif, additional, Özsoy, Saliha, additional, and Eşel, Ertuğrul, additional
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- 2010
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30. Female-to-male transsexual with 47,XXX karyotype
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Turan, M.Tayfun, primary, Eşel, Ertuğrul, additional, Dündar, Munis, additional, Candemir, Zuhal, additional, Baştürk, Mustafa, additional, Sofuoğlu, Seher, additional, and Özkul, Yusuf, additional
- Published
- 2000
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31. Electrodermal Activity in Nonmedicated Hyperthyroid Patients Having No Depressive Symptoms
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Dolu, Nazan, primary, Süer, Cem, additional, Özesmi, Çiğdem, additional, Keleştimur, Fahrettin, additional, and Eşel, Ertuğrul, additional
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- 1997
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32. Lithium-induced hematologic changes in patients with bipolar affective disorder
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Özdemir, Mehmet Akif, primary, Sofuoğlu, Seher, additional, Tanrikulu, Gürsel, additional, Aldanmaz, Fikret, additional, Eşel, Ertuğrul, additional, and Dündar, Semra, additional
- Published
- 1994
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33. Anneliğin Nörobiyolojisi.
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Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
MOTHERHOOD & psychology ,MOTHER-child relationship ,MATERNAL love ,PARENTING ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,PARENTHOOD - Abstract
Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
34. Panik Bozukluğu ve Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda Tek Doz Essitalopram Uygulamasına Hormonal Yanıt.
- Author
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Yunus Hacımusalar and Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
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ANXIETY disorders , *SOCIAL anxiety , *HYDROCORTISONE , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ADRENOCORTICAL hormones - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine serotonergic system activity in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder by investigating the responses of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate, and prolactin to escitalopram challenge. Method: Serum concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate, and prolactin were measured at baseline and after escitalopram administration in patients with panic disorder (n=24) and generalized anxiety disorder (n=21), and in healthy controls (n=20). Results: Hormonal responses to escitalopram administration in the patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were found similar to those of the control group. The baseline dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels were lower in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder than those of the control group. Furthermore, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels were lower in women than those of men in both patients and control groups. Conclusions: There was no significant hormonal response to escitalopram in the patients and control groups, and there was no difference between the groups. The finding that basal dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate level was lower in the patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder suggests that this hormone might play a role in the pathophysiology of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
35. Acute and Chronic Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Neuroactive Steroids in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.
- Author
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Özsoy, Saliha, Eşel, Ertuğrul, Hacimusalar, Yunus, Candan, Zaliha, Kula, Mustafa, and Turan, Tayfun
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ELECTROCONVULSIVE therapy ,MENTAL depression ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,DEPRESSED persons ,STEROID hormones - Abstract
Objective: Baseline serum levels of neuroactive steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), testosterone, and cortisol were measured, and the acute and long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on these hormones and the effect of gender on alterations in steroid hormones were investigated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The study included 25 inpatients (11 male, 14 female) diagnosed with MDD that responded to ECT, and 37 healthy controls (17 male, 20 female). Serum levels of cortisol, DHEAS, 17-OHP, and testosterone were measured 2 days before and 10 min after the first ECT, and 3 days after the last ECT in the patients. These measurements were obtained only once in the controls. Results: Basal DHEAS increased, testosterone and 17-OHP decreased, and cortisol levels remained unchanged in MDD patients as compared to the controls. After completion of the therapeutic course of ECT, DHEAS levels in the patients were higher than they were before the treatment. After ECT treatment, cortisol and 17-OHP levels in the patients were lower than those in the controls; however, testosterone levels did not differ between the groups. In the MDD patients, increases in DHEAS and decreases in testosterone were only observed in men, while decreases in 17-OHP were only seen in women. Conclusions: Alterations were observed in some neuroactive steroids in MDD patients and it appears that ECT affected these hormones. It is not clear whether the observed alterations in neuroactive steroids are associated with the pathophysiology of depression or whether they play a role in the therapeutic effects of ECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
36. ALKOL YOKSUNLUĞUNDA HİPOTALAMİK-HİPOFİZER-GONADAL EKSEN HORMONLARI VE SALDIRGANLIK İLE İLİŞKİSİ.
- Author
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Özsoy, Saliha and Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
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ALCOHOL withdrawal syndrome , *ALCOHOLISM , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *TESTOSTERONE , *HORMONES , *HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-gonadal axis - Abstract
Objective: Alcohol is known to have some influences on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity. Some changes in HPG axis hormones may be related to aggression in alcoholic patients. The study aims to investigate the relationship between HPG axis alterations and aggression level in alcoholic patients during early and late alcohol withdrawal. Method:Alcohol-dependent males without depression (n=28) and healthy control male subjects (n=19) were rated with neuropsychological tests measuring immediate and life-long aggression. The patients were divided Into two subgroups according to their (high or low) level of aggression In Brown-Goodwin Aggression scale. Serum levels of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on the first and 28th days of withdrawal periods in alcohol dependents and once in healthy controls. Results: The study revealed increased total testosterone level in early withdrawal and increased LH level during both early and late withdrawal periods In all alcoholic patients. When the patients were assessed in two separate groups as high- and low-aggressives, It was found that LH level was high during early and late withdrawal In both groups compared to controls. While testosterone level was high In low-aggression group only in early withdrawal, it was increased in high-aggression group during both early and late withdrawal periods. Conclusion: Alterations of testosterone level during alcohol withdrawal may be associated not only with chronic alcohol use per se but also with aggressivity that is present in some of alcoholic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
37. İnsan Cinselliğinin Biyolojik ve Evrimsel Temelleri.
- Author
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Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
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HUMAN sexuality , *HUMAN behavior , *HUMAN evolution , *NEUROBIOLOGY , *NEUROTRANSMITTERS , *SEX customs - Abstract
Human sexuality is composed of a multitude of the behaviours that are extremely complex and have been developed as a result of an evolutional process of million and million years. Throughout the evolutional history of the human being, women and men have developed different strategies in persuading each other to be partner, since they have faced different adaptive problems. Sexuality is controlled by the brain and the sex-linked structures of the brain and their functions are mainly formed by the organizational effects of the gonadal steroidal hormones during the foetal developmental period. Additionally, of course, sexuality is affected also by the hormonal, neurochemical milieu of the brain and by the environmental factors during the adult life. Although the investigation of the biological and evolutional basis of the human sexuality is in its early steps, understanding of the human being more accurately will become true when it is completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
38. Kadın ve Erkek Beyninin Farklılıkları.
- Author
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Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
- *
BRAIN , *MALES , *FEMALES , *SEX differentiation (Embryology) ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
Recent scientific investigations have revealed some considerable differences in the brain functions of women and men. It is khown that male and female brains differ in certain structural, physiological and biochemical aspects. However, it is not clearly known whether the functional differences between the two genders originate from these structural of biochemical differences. This sexual dimorphism in the structures and functions of the brain and gender identity and orientation are though to results, to a great extent, from the type and the level of the gonadal steroids which the brain is exposed to in a critical period of the embrional development. In this paper, the functional and structural differences of the brain between the male and femal genders will be reviewed, and the embriological and evolutionary explanations will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
39. Nörosteroidler: Psikofarmakolojik ve Davranışsal Etkileri.
- Author
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Kartalci, Şükrü and Eşel, Ertuğrul
- Subjects
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STEROIDS , *LIPIDS , *MEMBRANE proteins , *GENETICS , *MENTAL depression , *NEURONS , *LIGANDS (Biochemistry) - Abstract
Steroids are known to act via genomic mechanism by binding to their own intracellular receptors. In addition to the steroids which are synthesized in the endocrine organs and able to easily cross to the brain, some steroids have been reported to be synthesized in the brain, to change neuronal excitability and to affect brain functions by interacting with the receptors on the surface of the neuronal membrane such as ligand-gated ion channels. Such steroids are called neuroactive steroids (neurosteroids). In this article, the psychopharmacological effects of the neurosteroids are summarized and their roles in the neuropsychiatric disorders are reviewed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
40. Effects of olanzapine and haloperidol on serum prolactin levels in male schizophrenic patients
- Author
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Esel, Ertugrul, Basturk, Mustafa, Saffet Gonul, Ali, Kula, Mustafa, Tayfun Turan, M., Yabanoglu, Ihsan, and Sofuoglu, Seher
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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41. Changes in platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in lithium-treated bipolar patients
- Author
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Sofuoǧlu, Seher, Doǧan, Pakize, Köse, Kader, Eşel, Ertuǧrul, Baştürk, Mustafa, Oǧuz, Hüseyin, and Saffet Gönül, Ali
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- 1995
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42. P.1.188 Thyroidal hormone profile in bipolar patients who were in short and long-term lithium treatment
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Sofouǧlu, Seher, Tutuş, Ahmet, Ali Saffet Gönül, Baştürk, Mustafa, Köse, Kader, and Eşel, Ertuǧrul
- Published
- 1997
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43. P.1.019 Thyroidal hormone profile in bipolar patients who were in short and long-term lithium treatment
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Sofuoǧlu, Seher, Tutuş, Ahmet, Ali Saffet Gönül, Baştürk, Mustafa, Köse, Kader, and Eşel, Ertuǧrul
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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44. Majör depresyonlu hastalarda VEGF düzeyleri ve antidepresan tedavisinin bu düzeylere etkisi
- Author
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Dinç, Köksal, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Vascular endothelial growth factors ,Antidepressive agents ,Depressive disorder ,Depression ,Psikiyatri ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Amaç: Karmaşık ve heterojen bir klinik sendrom olan depresyonun tanısı hâlihazırda büyük oranda klinik muayene ile yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle depresyonda tanıya yardımcı olabilecek ya da tedavi seçimini yönlendirebilecek biyolojik belirleyicilerin bulunması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Son yıllarda depresyonda büyüme faktörleri araştırılmaya başlanmış ve büyüme faktörlerinin bazılarının depresyonun tanısı ya da tedavisinde biyolojik bir gösterge olarak kullanılabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada majör depresyon hastalarında serum vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF) düzeylerinin majör depresyon için tanısal ya da tedavi göstergesi olarak ele alınıp alınamayacağı hususunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmaya majör depresif bozukluk tanısı alan 17 hasta alınmıştır. Kontrol grubunu oluşturmak üzere çalışmaya 30 sağlıklı kişi alınmıştır. Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HAM-D) hasta grubuna tedavi başlangıcında ve iki haftalık aralıklarla, kontrol grubuna ise bir kez uygulanmıştır. Serum VEGF ölçümleri, hastalarda antidepresan tedavi başlangıcından önce ve HAM-D skorunda %50 azalma gerçekleştikten sonra olmak üzere iki kez, kontrollerde ise bir kez ELISA yöntemiyle yapıldı.Bulgular: Yaş, beden kitle indeksi ve içilen günlük sigara sayısı eş değişken olarak alındığında tedavi öncesi dönemde hastaların VEGF düzeyleri ile kontrollerinki arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmazken, tedaviye yanıt sonrasında hasta grubunun VEGF düzeyleri kontrollerinkinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. Hasta grubunda başlangıç ve tedaviye yanıt sonrası VEGF düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı.Sonuç: Bu bulgular ilk bakışta depresyonun nörotrofik hipotezi ile uyuşmuyor gibi görünse de iyileşmenin VEGF'nin olası nöron hasarlayıcı etkisinin azaltılmasıyla mümkün olduğu şeklindeki yorum doğru kabul edilirse, bu hipotezi kısmen destekliyor olabileceği de düşünülebilir.Anahtar kelimeler: Depresyon, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü, biyolojik gösterge Aim: Depression is a heterogeneous and complex clinical syndrome and is largely diagnosed by clinical assessment. So it is of great importance to investigate biomarkers that can help diagnosis or choosing treatment modalities. In recent years, research has begun to investigate growth factors in depression, and it has been suggested that some of these growth factors may be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis or treatment of depression. In this study, it was aimed to investigate diagnostic or therapeutic aspects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a biomarker for depression.Materials and methods: Seventeen patients with major depression and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Depressive symptoms were monitored by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) at baseline and every two-week intervals until the treatment response in the patient group and once in the control group. Serum VEGF levels were measured with ELISA during depressive episode and after treatment response in the patient group and once in the control group.Results: When the age, body mass index, and daily number of cigarettes were taken as covariates, there was no statistically significant difference in the VEGF levels between the patients during episode and the controls, whereas the VEGF levels of the patient group after the treatment response were statistically significantly lower than those of the controls. There were no significant differences in the VEGF levels in the patient group after treatment response as compared to those during episode.Conclusion: Although these findings do not seem to be consistent with the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression at first glance, if the assumption that recovery is possible by reducing the neuron-damaging effect of VEGF is met, this hypothesis may be partially supported by the findings.Key words: Depression, VEGF, biomarker 59
- Published
- 2017
45. Bipolar ve unipolar depresyon hastalarında ve sağlıklı kontrollerde zihin kuramı ve bilişsel işlevlerle ilişkisi
- Author
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Büyükgöncü, Behiye, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Cognition ,Cognition disorders ,Theory of mind ,Depression ,Bipolar disorder ,Cognitive function ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
ÖZETAmaç: Bipolar ve unipolar depresyon, klinik görünümleri açısından birbirlerine oldukça benzeyen fakat tedavileri oldukça farklı olan hastalıklardır. Günümüzde, bu hastalıkların ayrımının yapılmasında güvenilir araçlar yoktur. Zihin kuramı (ZK) ve bilişsel işlevlerle ilgili bozukluklar bu hastalıkların etyopatogenezini yansıtabilir ve bulunması muhtemel farklılıklar birbirlerinden ayırt edilmelerine katkı sağlayabilir. Bilgilerimize göre literatürde bu iki hastalığı aktif hastalık döneminde ZK ve bilişsel işlevler açısından inceleyen başka bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada bipolar ve unipolar bozukluğu olan hastalarda depresif epizot dönemlerinde zihin kuramının değerlendirilmesi ve bilişsel işlevlerle zihin kuramı arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve metod: Bipolar depresyon (n=16) ve unipolar depresyon (n=19) tanısı alan toplam 35 hasta ve 20 sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmacıların geliştirdiği ve sosyodemografik bilgileri içeren kişisel bilgi formu, Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HAM-D), Dokuz Eylül Zihin Teorisi Ölçeği (DEZTÖ), Gözler Testi, Sözel Bellek Süreçleri Testi (SBST), WAIS-R Sayı Menzili Alt Testi (SMT) ve Stroop Testi kullanılarak deneklerden veriler toplanmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar hastaların tamamı ile kontrol grubu arasında ve bipolar, unipolar depresyon ve kontrol grubu arasında olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Hasta grubunda Gözler Testi toplam puanı, DEZTÖ birinci derecede yanlış inanç puanı ve DEZTÖ ikinci derecede yanlış inanç puanının kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bipolar depresyon grubunda Gözler Testi toplam puanı ve DEZTÖ birinci derecede yanlış inanç puanının kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu, ancak bipolar ve unipolar depresyon grupları arasında zihin kuramı parametreleri açısından anlamlı fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Uygulanan testlerin tamamında hasta grubunun nöropsikolojik parametrelerinin kontrollere göre anlamlı şekilde daha bozuk olduğu bulunmuştur. Hasta grubunda ZK bozukluğu ile nöropsikolojik testlerdeki bozukluk arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bipolar ve unipolar depresyon hastalarında hastalığın aktif döneminde sağlıklı kontrollere göre ZK bozukluğunun olduğu ve bipolar hasta grubunda bunun daha da belirgin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dahası, araştırmanın bulguları ZK ve bilişsel işlevlerin birbirleriyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha büyük örneklemlerde çalışmaların yapılması bu konunun aydınlatılmasını sağlayabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Bilişsel işlevler, Bipolar Depresyon, Unipolar Depresyon, Zihin Kuramı Aim: Bipolar and unipolar depression are very similar in their clinical presentations, but their treatments are quite different. Today, there are no reliable markers for the differential diagnoses of these disorders. Deficits on theory of mind (ToM) and cognitive functions may reflect the eitopathogenesis of the disorders, and possible alterations on these parameters may contribute to differentiating between bipolar and unipolar depression. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating ToM and cognitive functions in bipolar and unipolar depressive patients at the same time in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ToM and its relationship with cognitive functions in bipolar and unipolar patients during depressive episode.Materials and methods: A total of 35 patients (16 with bipolar depression and 19 with unipolar depression) and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Data from the subjects were obtained using the personal sociodemographic information form developed by authors, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale (DEZTÖ), Eyes Test, Verbal Learning Test, WAIS-R Digit Span Subtest and Stroop Test. Two different comparisons were carried out: i) between the patients as a whole and the controls and ii) among the bipolar, unipolar depression patients and the controls.Results: The Eyes Test total score, DEZTÖ primary false belief score, and DEZTÖ second false belief score were statistically significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls. The Eyes Test total score and DEZTÖ primary false belief score were significantly lower in the bipolar depression group compared to the control group, but there were no significant differences between unipolar and bipolar depression groups in the ToM scores. The performance of the patient group on the neuropsychological tests was significantly poorer than that of the control group. The scores on the neuropsychological tests and ToM tasks were positively correlated in the patient group.Conclusion: In this study, significant ToM deficits were detected in the patients during bipolar and unipolar depressive episodes compared to the healthy controls, and these deficits were more pronounced in the bipolar group. Furthermore, our findings suggested that there were significant associations between ToM and cognitive functions. Studies with larger samples may further shed light on this issue.Key words: Bipolar Depression, Cognitive Functions, Theory of Mind (ToM), Unipolar Depression 103
- Published
- 2015
46. Erken ve geç alkol yoksunluğunda serum beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör düzeyi değişiklikleri ve bilişsel işlevler üzerine etkileri, bazı oksidatif stres parametrelerinde meydana gelen değişiklikler ve oral naltreksona hipotalamo-pitüiter-adrenal eksen cevabı
- Author
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Beşirli, Asli, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Alcoholism ,Cognition disorders ,Hypothalamo hypophyseal system ,Hypothalamus ,Cognitive function ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı erken ve geç alkol yoksunluğu döneminde serum Beyin Kaynaklı Nörotrofik Faktör (BDNF) düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri ve bu değişikliklerin bilişsel işlevlerle ilişkisinin olup olmadığını incelemek, bazı lipid peroksidasyon ve protein oksidasyon ürünleri aracılığıyla oksidatif stresin varlığını araştırmak ve oral naltreksona hipotalamo-pitüiter-adrenal (HPA) eksen cevabını ölçmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Alkol bağımlılığı tanısı alan ve alkol yoksunluğunda olan erkek hastalar (n=23) ve kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı erkekler (n=20) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hasta grubunda nöropsikolojik testlerin değerlendirmesi yoksunluğun erken ve geç dönemlerinde olmak üzere iki kez, kontrol grubunda ise bir kez yapılmıştır. Hastalarda alkol yoksunluğunun 1. ve 28. gününde ve kontrollerde 1 kez olmak üzere BDNF, lipid hidroperoksit (LPO), pirrolize protein, miyeloperoksidaz (MPO), protein karbonil bileşikleri (PCC) ve tiyol grubu kan düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca hastalarda alkol yoksunluğunun 8. gününde ve kontrollerde 50 mg naltrekson verilmeden önce ve naltrekson verildikten sonra hormonal cevaplar ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Erken yoksunluk döneminde alkol bağımlısı hastaların Sözel Bellek Süreçleri Testi (SBST) anlık bellek ve kendiliğinden hatırlama, Sayı Menzili Alt Testi (SMT) toplam sayı menzili, Stroop testi süre farkı ve yanlış sayısı alt test skorları kontrollerinkinden daha kötü bulunmuştur. Yoksunluğun geç döneminde ise hastalarda yalnızca SBST anlık bellek ve öğrenme skorları kontrollere göre daha kötü bulunmuştur. Uzun süre alkol kullanımının erken ve geç yoksunluktaki hafıza, dikkat ve öğrenme gibi bilişsel işlevler ile olumsuz ilişki içinde olduğu tespit edildi. Hastalarda BDNF düzeylerinde yaşla birlikte azalma olduğu bulundu. Erken yoksunluk döneminde yoksunluğun şiddeti arttıkça BDNF düzeylerinde artış olmaktaydı. Ancak ne erken ne de geç yoksunluktaki BDNF düzeyleri kontrollere göre farklı bulunmadı. Ayrıca erken ve geç yoksunluk dönemindeki BDNF düzeyleri ile öğrenme işlevleri arasında olumsuz ilişki olduğu bulundu. Yoksunluğun erken döneminde hastalarda kontrollere göre MPO, LPO, Pirrolize Protein ve PCC düzeyleri yüksek olarak bulunurken, geç yoksunluk döneminde ise yalnızca MPO düzeyi kontrollerinkinden yüksek bulundu. Hastalarda naltreksona kortizol cevabı ortadan kalkmıştı. Ayrıca hastalardaki naltreksona adrenokortikotropik hormon (ACTH) cevabı da yetersiz düzeydeydi. Erken yoksunluktaki hafıza işlevleriyle bazal kortizol, pik kortizol ve bazal ACTH düzeyleri arasında olumsuz ilişki olduğu bulundu.Sonuç: Alkol bağımlısı hastalarda yoksunluğun erken ve geç döneminde hafıza, dikkat ve öğrenme gibi bilişsel işlevlerde bozulma olması bilişsel işlevlerdeki bu bozulma ile frontal lob disfonksiyonu arasında nedensel bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Uzun süre alkol kullanımı bu işlevleri daha da kötüleştirebilir. Yaşa bağlı BDNF düzeylerindeki azalma normal yaşlanma sürecine ve alkolün hipokampüse olan etkilerine bağlı olabilir. BDNF'nin yoksunluk şiddetiyle artış gösteriyor olması onun nöroprotektif etkisine işaret ediyor olabilir. Yoksunluğun erken ve geç dönemindeki öğrenme işleviyle BDNF düzeyleri arasındaki negatif ilişki karmaşık moleküler mekanizmalar sonucu ortaya çıkıyor gibi görünmektedir ve bilişsel işlevlerdeki bozulmada rol oynayabilir. Uzun süre alkol kullanımı oksidatif stres mekanizmalarını tetikleyerek geri dönüşümsüz organ hasarına yol açabilir. Alkol yoksunluğunda HPA eksenin baskılanması strese yanıt sistemini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir ve erken relapslara yol açabilir. Hafıza işlevleriyle hormonal değerler arasındaki olumsuz ilişki hipokampal disfonksiyona bağlı olabilir.Anahtar kelimeler: Alkol yoksunluğu, BDNF, bilişsel işlevler, HPA eksen, oksidatif stres. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels and whether these alterations are associated with cognitive functions and to investigate the existance of oxidative stress through some lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products and to measure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to oral naltexone in early and late alcohol withdrawal.Materials and Methods: Alcohol dependent male patients during alcohol withdrawal (n=23) and healthy control male subjects (n=20) were enrolled in the study. Neuropsychological tests were performed twice during the early and late withdrawal periods in the patient group and once in controls. Blood levels of BDNF, lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), pyrrolized protein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), protein carbonyl compounds (PCC) and thiol were measured on the first and 28th day of alcohol withdrawal in the patient group and once in controls. In addition, hormonal responses were measured before and following 50 mg naltrexone administration in patients on the 8th day of withdrawal and in controls.Results: In early withdrawal period, immediate memory and free recall scores on Verbal Memory Processes Test, total scores on Digit span subtest, time difference measurements and number of incorrect words scores on Stroop Test were found to be poorer in patients than those of controls. During late withdrawal, only immediate memory and learning scores were found to be poorer in patients compared to those of controls. It was determined that long-term alcohol consumption was negatively correlated with cognitive functions such as memory, attention and learning. BDNF levels were found to be decreased with increasing age in patients. There was apositive correlation between BDNF levels and withdrawal severity during early withdrawal. Neither of BNDF levels in early and late withdrawal were found to be different than those of controls. In addition it was found that there was a negative correlation between BDNF levels and learning functions in early and late withdrawal. While MPO, LPO, pyrrolized protein and PCC levels of patients were were found to be higher compared to those of controls in early withdrawal, only MPO levels of patients were found to be higher than those of the controls in late withdrawal period. Cortisol response to naltrexone was blunted and there was an insufficient adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response in patients. A negative correlation was found between memory functions and baseline cortisol, peak cortisol and baseline ACTH levels during early withdrawal.Conclusion: There may be a causal relationship between cognitive impairments and frontal lobe dysfunction since memory, attention and learning deficits may occur during early and late alcohol withdrawal in alcohol dependent patients. Long-term alcohol consumption may worsen these functions. Age-dependent decreases in BDNF levels may be due to normal aging process and the effects of alcohol on hippocampus. The positive correlation between BDNF levels and withdrawal severity may indicate the neuroprotective effects of BDNF. The negative correlation between BDNF levels and learning function in early withdrawal may develop due to complex molecular mechanisms and may also play a role in cognitive impairments. Long-term alcohol consumption may result in irreversible organ damage via inducing oxidative stress mechanisms. Supression of HPA axis in alcohol withdrawal may influence stress-response system negatively and lead to earlier relapses. The negative correlation between memory functions and hormones may be attributed to hippocampal dysfunction.Key words: Alcohol withdrawal, BDNF, cognitive functions, HPA axis, oxidative stress. 125
- Published
- 2011
47. Hormonal responses to psychological and physical stress in alcoholic patients: in relation to aggressivity
- Author
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Coşkun, Turna Bengü, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,endocrine system ,Alcoholism ,Aggressiveness ,Tests ,Dependency ,Psychology ,Stress-psychological ,Stress ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Psikiyatri ,Hormones - Abstract
Amaç: Alkol yoksunluk döneminde bazal kortizol düzeyinde artma, ACTH düzeyinde azalma ve standardize edilmiş laboratuvar ortamında yapılan stres testlerine azalmış kortizol ve ACTH cevapları gibi strese cevap sistemi değişikliklerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu değişikliklerin bir kısmının saldırganlık düzeyiyle de ilişkili olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bununla birlikte alkol bağımlılığında veya yoksunluk döneminde nöroaktif steroidlerden biri olan DHEAS düzeyi ve onun etkileri hakkında daha az şey bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, alkol bağımlısı hastalarda erken ve geç alkol yoksunluk dönemindeki muhtelif HPA eksen değişikliklerini, bu değişikliklerin agresyonla ilişkisinin olup olmadığını, varsa bu değişikliklerin akut alkol yoksunluk dönemine sınırlı ?state?, ya da uzun dönemde de devam eden ?trait? özellikler olup olmadıklarını araştırmaktır.Denekler ve Yöntem: Depresyonu olmayan alkol bağımlısı erkek hastalar (n=26) ve kontrol grubu olarak da sağlıklı erkekler (n=20) anlık ve yaşam boyu agresyonu ölçen nöropsikolojik testlerle değerlendirildi. Ayrıca hastalarda yoksunluğun akut ve geç dönemlerinde toplam üç kez, kontrollerde ise bir kez olmak üzere bazal kortizol, ACTH, DHEAS ve prolaktin düzeyleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca akut ve geç yoksunluk dönemlerinde fiziksel strese hormonal cevaplar ile sadece geç yoksunluk döneminde olmak üzere bir kez psikolojik stres testine hormonal cevaplar araştırıldı. Fiziksel stres testi olarak ?Soğuk Basınç Testi? (SBT), psikolojik stres testi olarak da ?Trier Sosyal Stres Testi? (TSST) kullanıldı. Kontrol grubunda ise tüm ölçümler bir kez yapıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların akut yoksunluk döneminde kontrol grubuna göre bazal kortizol düzeyleri normalken, fiziksel strese kortizol cevapları yetersizdi ve bu durum geç yoksunlukta ortadan kalkıyordu. Geç yoksunluk dönemindeki psikolojik strese ise ACTH ve kortizol cevapları azalmıştı. Hastalarda akut yoksunluk döneminde yüksek olan bazal prolaktin geç yoksunluk döneminde normale dönüyordu. Gerek akut ve geç yoksunlukta yapılan fiziksel stres testine, gerekse geç yoksunluktaki psikolojik stres testine prolaktin cevapları kontrollere göre yüksek bulundu. Bazal DHEAS düzeyleri akut yoksunluk döneminde düşükken geç yoksunlukta normale dönüyordu ve hasta grubunun yapılan tüm stres testlerine DHEAS cevapları yetersizdi. Uyguladığımız alkolizm şiddetini değerlendiren Michigan Alkolizm Tarama Testi (MATT) ölçeğine göre alkolizm şiddeti arttıkça psikolojik strese kortizol cevabdüşmekte idi. Alkolizmin şiddeti ile yaşam boyu saldırganlık düzeyleri, saldırganlık düzeyi ile de alkol içme isteği pozitif ilişkiliydi.Sonuç: Alkol bağımlısı olan hastalarda yoksunluk döneminde fiziksel strese kortizol ve DHEAS cevaplarının, psikolojik strese ise kortizol, ACTH ve DHEAS cevaplarının yetersizliği gibi HPA eksen anormalliklerinin olduğu bulundu. Fiziksel strese kortizol cevabı alkol yoksunluğunun geç dönemine doğru düzelirken, DHEAS ile ilişkili bozukluğun değişmediği görülmüştür. Yoksunluğun akut ve geç dönemlerinde strese prolaktin cevabının artmış olduğu, alkolizm şiddeti fazla olan alkol bağımlılarında psikolojik strese kortizol cevabının daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu strese cevap veren sistemlerdeki bozuklukların uzun süre alkol kullanımına bağlı bozukluklar mı, yoksa en azından bir kısmının bu kişilerde önceden bulunan ve alkol bağımlılığının gelişmesine yatkınlık etkeni olabilecek bozukluklar mı olduğu konusu ise belli değildir.Anahtar kelimeler: Alkol yoksunluğu, HPA eksen, nörosteroidler, Saldırganlık, Soğuk Basınç Testi, Trier Sosyal Stres Testi. Aim: During alcohol withdrawal period, it is known that there are alterations in stress response system such as increased basal cortisol levels, reduced ACTH levels, blunted ACTH and cortisol responses to stress tests conducted in standardized laboratory settings in the alcohol dependent patients. It is suggested that some of these alterations are related to aggressivity levels of the patients. However, there are few reports about DHEAS level, which is one of the neurosteroids, and its effects on alcohol dependence or alcohol withdrawal. In this study, our aim was to investigate the probable alterations in the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis in early and late alcohol withdrawal, whether there is any relationship between these alterations and aggression, and, if so, whether these alterations are ?state? features restricted to the acute alcohol withdrawal or ?trait? markers continuing during the protracted abstinence.Subjects and Methods: Alcohol dependent males without depression (n=30) and healthy control male subjects (n=20) were rated with neuropsychological tests measuring immediate and life-long aggression. Basal cortisol, ACTH, DHEAS and prolactine serum levels were measured three times during the early and late withdrawal periods in the patients and once in controls. In addition, hormonal responses to physical stress during the early and late withdrawal periods and hormonal responses to psychological stress during late withdrawal period were measured in the patients. The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) were used in order to evaluate responses to physical and psychological stresses, respectively. In the controls, responses to stress tests were measured once.Results: While basal cortisol levels of the patients were normal in early withdrawal period compared to the controls, cortisol response to physical stress was blunted and this abnormality was normalized in the late withdrawal period. ACTH and cortisol responses to psychological stress were decreased in the late withdrawal period. High levels of basal prolactine during the early withdrawal period were normalized in thelate withdrawal period. Prolactine responses to both physical stress during the early and late withdrawal periods and psychological stress during the late withdrawal were higher in the patients compared to the controls. DHEAS responses to all stress tests were blunted in the patients, while decreased basal DHEAS levels during the early withdrawal period became normal during the late withdrawal period. According to the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) applied to evaluate severity of alcoholism, cortisol responses to psychological stress were getting lower as the severity of alcoholism was getting higher. There were positive relationships between the lifelong levels of aggression and the alcoholism severity, and between the aggression levels and the severity of alcohol craving.Conclusion: It was found that there were some abnormalities in the HPA axis such as blunted cortisol and DHEAS responses to physical stress, and inadequate cortisol, ACTH and DHEAS responses to psychological stress during the withdrawal period in patients with alcohol dependence. While the abnormality related to cortisol was normalized towards late withdrawal, abnormality in DHEAS level appeared to be continuing. It was found that prolactine responses to stress during the early and late withdrawal periods were increased and that cortisol responses to psychological stress were lower in alcohol dependent patients with higher severity of alcoholism. It is not clear whether these abnormalities in the stress system result from chronic alcohol consumption or, at least some of them precede as vulnerability factor in these individuals.Key words: Aggression, alcohol withdrawal, Cold Pressor Test, Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis, neurosteroids, Trier Social Stress Test 104
- Published
- 2009
48. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonergic and dopaminergic system activities and relations with each other in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder
- Author
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Hacimusalar, Yunus, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
Amaç: Panik bozuklugu ve yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu hastalarında hipotalamopituiter-adrenal eksen, serotonerjik ve dopaminerjik sisteminlerin aktivitelerini vebunların birbirleriyle iliskilerini inceleyerek bu sistemlerin panik bozuklugunun veyaygın anksiyete bozuklugunun patofizyolojisiyle iliskili olup olmadıgını arastırmak.Denekler ve Yöntem: Panik bozuklugu (n=25), yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu (n=23)ve kontrol grubunda (n=20) bazal kortizol, dehidroepiandrosteron-sülfat, prolaktin,büyüme hormonu konsantrasyonları ve deksametazon sonrası kortizol vedehidroepiandrosteron-sülfatın, essitalopram sonrası kortizol, dehidroepiandrosteronsülfatve prolaktinin, levodopa sonrası prolaktin ve büyüme hormonun serumdüzeyleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu grubunun bazal kortizol düzeyleri vedeksametazonun kortizolu baskılaması kontrol ve panik bozuklugu grubuna göredüsük bulundu. Deksametazonla dehidroepiandrosteron-sülfat, panik bozuklugu veyaygın anksiyete bozuklugu grubundaki kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha fazlabaskılanmıstı. Kontrol grubunda dopaminerjik uyarı prolaktini baskılamazken, panikbozuklugu ve yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu grubunda baskılıyordu. Panik bozuklugugrubunda anksiyete düzeyi arttıkça, kortizol deksametazonla daha az baskılanıyordu.Sonuç: Yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu hastalarında bazal kortizol düzeyinin düsükolması kortikotropin salgılatıcı hormon asırı aktivitesi sonucunda gelisenkortikotropin salgılatıcı hormon reseptör down regülasyonuyla beraber hipotalamopituiter-adrenal eksen hipoaktivitesini gösterebilirken, deksametazon supresyon testiile kortizolün daha az baskılanması glukokortikoid reseptör down regülasyonunudüsündürmektedir. Panik bozuklugu ve yaygın anksiyete bozuklugu hastalarındaprolaktinin levodopa ile daha fazla baskılanması bu hastalarda dopaminerjikhipofonksiyona baglı olarak gelisen bir dopamin reseptör asırı duyarlılıgına isaretediyor olabilir. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis,serotonergic and dopaminergic system activities and relations between each other inpatients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to investigatewhether these systems are related to pathophysiology of panic and generalizedanxiety disorders.Subjects and Methods: Serum concentrations of basal cortisol,dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, growth hormone, and serum levels ofcortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate after dexamethasone administration, andserum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prolactin afterescitalopram administration, and serum levels of prolactin and growth hormone afterlevodopa administration were measured in control group and patients with panicdisorder and generalized anxiety disorder.Results: Levels of basal cortisol and cortisol suppression with dexamethasone werelower in generalized anxiety disorder group than in panic disorder and controlgroups. In patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder,dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was more supressed with dexamethasone in womencompared with men. Prolactin levels were not supressed with dopaminergicsitumulation in control group while supressed in patients with panic and generalizedanxiety disorders. In panic disorder group, cortisol levels with dexamethasone gotless suppressed as levels of anxiety increased.Conclusion: In patients with generalized anxiety disorder, decreased levels ofcortisol may indicate that hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hypoactivity withcorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor down regulation resulted fromcorticotropin-releasing hormone hyperactivity, and lesser supression of cortisollevels with dexamethasone supression test suggests glucocorticoid receptor downregulation. Greater supression of prolactin levels with levodopa in panic and generalized anxiety disorders may indicate that dopaminergic hypofunction whichresults in dopamine receptor downregulation. 85
- Published
- 2006
49. HPA axis activity, neurosteroids and their relationship with agression in early and late alcohol withdrawal
- Author
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Demirel Özsoy, Saliha, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,endocrine system ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
ÖZET Amaç: Alkol yoksunluk döneminde bazal kortizol düzeyinde artma, ACTH düzeyinde azalma, DST pozitifliği ve CRH'ya yetersiz ACTH cevabı en çok bildirilen HPA eksen bozukluklarıdır. Bunlardan bir kısmının agresyonla da ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte alkol bağımlılığında veya yoksunluk döneminde nöroaktif steroidlerden biri olan DHEAS düzeyi ve onun etkileri hakkında daha az şey bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, alkol bağımlısı hastalarda, erken ve geç alkol yoksunluk dönemindeki muhtemel HPA eksen değişikliklerini, bu değişikliklerin agresyonla ilişkisinin olup olmadığını, varsa bu değişikliklerin akut alkol yoksunluk dönemine sınırlı `state` ya da uzun dönemde de devam eden `trait` özellikler olup olmadıklarını araştırmaktır. Denekler ve Yöntem: Depresyonu olmayan alkol bağımlısı erkek hastalar (n=30) ve kontrol grubu olarak da sağlıklı erkekler (n^O) anlık ve yaşam boyu agresyonu ölçen nöropsikolojik testlerle değerlendirildi. Ayrıca hastalarda yoksunluğun erken ve geç dönemlerinde toplam üç kez, kontrollerde ise bir kez olmak üzere bazal kortizol, DHEAS ve testosteron düzeyleri ve deksametazona kortizol ve DHEAS cevaplarına bakıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların erken yoksunluk döneminde kontrol grubuna göre bazal kortizol düzeyleri normalken, deksametazona kortizol cevabı %33.33 oranında kördü ve geç yoksunluk döneminde bu DST anormalliği düzelmekte idi. DHEAS'nin ise hem bazal düzeyi hem de DST'ye cevabı erken yoksunluk döneminde kontrollerinkine benzerken geç yoksunluk döneminde hem kontrollerinkinden hem de erken yoksunluk dönemindekinden daha düşük bulundu. Agresyon düzeyine göre hastalar iki gruba ayrılıp değerlendirildiğinde, DST pozitifliği oranı agresyon düzeyi düşük olanlarda erken yoksunluk döneminde yüksek, geç dönemde normal bulundu. Agresyon eğilimi yüksek bağımlılarda ise hem erken hem de geç yoksunluk dönemlerinde DST anormalliği vardı. Bazal DHEAS düzeyi agresyon düzeyi yüksek olanlarda erken yoksunluk döneminde, agresyon düzeyi düşük olanlarda ise geç yoksunluk döneminde düşüktü. Sonuç: Alkolün yoksunluk döneminde kortizolün yeterince baskılanmaması ve DHEAS düşüklüğü gibi HPA eksen anormalliklerinin olduğu bulundu, Kortizolle ilişkili bozukluk alkol yoksunluğunun geç dönemine doğru düzelirken, DHEAS ileilişkili bozukluğun belirginleştiği görülmüştür. Her iki bozukluğun da agresyon eğilimi belirgin olan alkol bağımlılarında daha uzun sürme eğilimi gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bu HPA eksen bozukluklarının uzun süre alkol kullanımına bağlı bozukluklar mı, yoksa en azından bir kısmının bu kişilerde önceden bulunan ve alkol bağımlılığının gelişmesine yatkınlık etkeni olabilecek bozukluklar mı olduğu konusu belli değildir. Anahtar kelimeler: Agresyon, alkol yoksunluğu, HPA eksen, nörosteroidler. vı HPA AXIS ACTIVITY, NEUROSTEROIDS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH AGRESSION IN EARLY AND LATE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL ABSTRACT Aim: The most reported alterations in the HPA axis during alcohol withdrawal period are increased basal Cortisol levels, reduced ACTH levels, non-suppression in DST, and blunted ACTH response to CRH. It is known that some of them are related to aggression. However, there are few reports about DHEAS level, which is one of the neurosteroids, and its effects on alcohol dependence or alcohol withdrawal. In this study, our aim was to investigate the probable alterations of HPA axis in early and late alcohol withdrawal, whether there is any relationship between these alterations and aggression, and if so, whether these alterations are `state` features restricted to the acute alcohol withdrawal or `trait` markers continuing during the protracted abstinence. Subjects and Methods: Alcohol dependent males without depression (n=30) and healthy control male subjects (n=20) were rated with neuropsychological tests measuring immediate and life-long aggression. Basal Cortisol, DHEAS and testosteron serum levels and Cortisol and DHEAS response to dexamethasone were measured three times during the early and late withdrawal periods in the patients and once in controls. Results: While basal Cortisol levels of the patients were normal in early withdrawal period, Cortisol response to dexamethasone was blunted proportional to 33.33% and this abnormality in DST was normalized in late withdrawal period. It was found that while both basal level and response to dexamethasone of DHEAS were similar to those of controls in early withdrawal period, in the late withdrawal these were lower than both those of the controls and those of early withdrawal period. When the patients were assessed in two separate groups according to aggression levels, it was found that the proportion of non-suppression in DST was higher in low-aggression group in early withdrawal period, and normal in late withdrawal period. In the high- aggression group, there was an abnormality in DST both early and late withdrawal periods. Basal DHEAS level was lower in high-aggression group in early withdrawal period, and in low-aggression group in late withdrawal period. vnConclusion: It was found that there were some abnormalities of HPA axis such as inadequate suppression of Cortisol and reduced DHEAS in alcohol withdrawal period. While the abnormality related to Cortisol was normalized towards late withdrawal, abnormality in DHEAS level appears to continue. Both abnormalities are tend to last longer in the more aggressive dependent patients than in the less aggressive ones. It is not clear whether these HPA axis abnormalities result from chronic alcohol consumption or, at least some of them, precede as a vulnerability factor in these individuals. Key words: Aggression, alcohol withdrawal, HPA axis, neurosteroids. vm 84
- Published
- 2005
50. Depresyonlu kadınlarda nörosteroidler ve bilişsel işlevler arasındaki ilişki
- Author
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Kartalci, Şükrü, Eşel, Ertuğrul, and Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Psikiyatri - Abstract
Arka plan: Depresif hastalarda nöroaktif steroidlerden biri olan dehidroepiandrosteron- sulfat düzeyi ve onun etkileri hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Dehidroepiandrosteron- sulfat hayvanlarda antiglukokortikoid, antidepresan ve belleği güçlendirici etkilere sahip olduğundan bunun düzeylerindeki değişikliklerin depresif bozuklukların bazı semptomlarını açıklayabileceği ve depresyonun fizyopatoloj isinde rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Amaç: Depresyonda adrenal nörosteroidlerin düzeylerindeki ve bunların salmışını kontrol eden etkenlerdeki değişiklikleri ve eğer varsa bu değişikliklerle bilişsel fonksiyonların ilişkisini inceleyerek, nörosteroidlerin depresyonun patofizyolojisiyle ilişkili olup olmadığını araştırmak. Denekler ve Yöntem: Depresyonlu kadın hastalar (n=43) ve kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı kadınlar (n=22) bilişsel işlevler ve duygu durumunu ölçen nöropsikolojik testlerle değerlendirildikten sonra kortizol ve dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfatm bazal ve deksametazon sonrası serumdaki düzeyleri radyoimmunoassey yöntemiyle ölçüldü. Hasta grubunda tedaviye klinik cevabı takiben nöropsikolojik ve hormonal ölçümler tekrarlandı. Bulgular: Hastaların kontrol grubuna göre tedavi öncesi deksametazona kortizol cevabı %44.2 oranında kördü, bazal dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat düzeyleri daha yüksek ve deksametazonun dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat düzeylerini baskılayıcı etkisi daha fazlaydı. Bazal kortizol ve dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat düzeyleri bilişsel işlevlerle pozitif yönde ilişkiliydi. Tedavi sonrası deksametazona körleşmiş kortizol cevabmdaki düzelmeyi (%2.3) takiben yüksek dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat düzeyleri de normale döndü. Sonuç: Tedavi öncesi yüksek dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat düzeylerinin olması ve klinik cevabı takiben normale dönmesi, depresyonla dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat arasında nedensel bir ilişki olabileceğim düşündürmektedir. Depresyonda dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfat, kortizolün aşın aktivitesini ve onun depresif duygu durumu ve bilişsel bozulmalar gibi zararlı etkilerini telafi etmek amacıyla artıyor olabileceği gibi, bu artış depresyonda pregnenolon metabolizmasında rol alan enzim aktivitelerinin değişiminden de kaynaklanıyor olabilir. iv Background: There are few reports about dehidroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) level, which is one of the neurosteroids, and its effects on depressive illness. Since DHEAS has memory-enhancing, antidepressant and antiglucocorticoid effects in animals, it might be one factor in explaining some symptoms of depressive disorder and might play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Aim: To investigate whether DHEAS are related to the pathophysiology of depression by examining alterations in serum DHEAS levels and its regulatory factors and whether there is any relationship between these alterations and cognitive functions in depression. Subjects and Methods: Depressed (n= 43) and healthy (n= 22) women were tested with neuropsychological tests measuring cognitive functions. Basal and post-dexametasone levels of Cortisol and of DHEAS in serum were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Neuropsychological and hormonal measures were repeated after clinical response to treatment in the patients. Results: Patients had normal basal Cortisol and higher basal DHEAS levels. While the patients showed significantly higher nonsupression rates of Cortisol with dexamethasone (%44.2) than the controls, suppression effect of dexamethasone on DHEAS levels was higher in the patients compared to the controls. Both basal Cortisol and DHEAS levels were positively correlated with cognitive functions. Elevated baseline DHEAS levels lowered to normal levels after clinical response to the treatment. Conclusion: There may be a causal relation between DHEAS and depression since elevated DHEAS levels before the treatment and lowered to the normal levels after clinical response to the treatment. DHEAS may be elevated in order to mitigate the depression-associated overactivity of Cortisol and its harmful effects such as depressive mood and cognitive impairments in depression. In addition, it may be considered that this increased DHEA-S might originated from the changes in the activities of the enzymes that participate in the metabolism of pregnenolon. 90
- Published
- 2004
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