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We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on radiotherapy of cutaneous cancers. The indications of radiotherapy for skin cancers are not clearly defined because of the lack of randomized trials or prospective studies. For basal cell carcinomas, radiotherapy frequently offers a good local control, but a randomized trial showed that surgery is more efficient and less toxic. Indications of radiotherapy are contra-indications of surgery for patients older than 60, non-sclerodermiform histology and located in non-sensitive areas. Adjuvant radiotherapy could be proposed to squamous cell carcinomas, in case of poor prognostic factors. Dose of 60 to 70Gy are usually required, and must be modulated to the size of the lesions. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems beneficial for desmoplastic melanomas but not for the other histological types. Prophylactic nodal irradiation (45 to 50Gy), for locally advanced tumors (massive nodal involvement), decreases the locoregional failure rate but do not increase survival. Adjuvant radio- therapy (50 to 56Gy) for Merkel cell carcinomas increases also the local control rate, as demonstrated by meta-analysis and a large epidemiological study. Nodal areas must be included, if there is no surgical exploration (sentinel lymph node dissection). Kaposi sarcomas are radiosensitive and could be treated with relatively low doses (24 to 30Gy). Also, cutaneous lymphomas are good indications for radiotherapy: B lymphomas are electively treated with limited fields. The role of total skin electron therapy for T-lymphomas is still discussed; but palliative radiotherapy is very efficient in case of cutaneous nodules.

We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on hepatic tumours. Recent technological progress led to develop the concept of focused liver radiation therapy. We must distinguish primary and secondary tumours, as the indications are restricted and must be discussed as an alternative to surgical or medical treatments. The tumour volume, its liver location close to the organs at risk determine the irradiation technique (repositioning method, total dose delivered, dose fractionation regimens). Tumour (and liver) breathing related motions should be taken into account. Strict dosimetric criteria must be observed with particular attention to the dose-volume histograms of non-tumoral liver as well as of the hollow organs, particularly in case of hypofractionated high dose radiotherapy "under stereotaxic conditions". Stereotactic body radiotherapy is being evaluated and is often preferred to radiofrequency for primary or secondary tumours (usually less than 5cm). An adaptation can be proposed, with a conformal fractionated irradiation protocol with or without intensity modulation, for hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5cm.

Translational research in radiation oncology is undergoing intense development. An increasingly rapid transfer is taking place from the laboratory to the patients, both in the selection of patients who can benefit from radiotherapy and in the development of innovative irradiation strategies or the development of combinations with drugs. Accelerating the passage of discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic represents the ideal of any translational research program but requires taking into account the multiple obstacles that can slow this progress. The ambition of the RadioTransNet network, a project to structure preclinical research in radiation oncology in France, is precisely to promote scientific and clinical interactions at the interface of radiotherapy and radiobiology, in its preclinical positioning, in order to identify priorities for strategic research dedicated to innovation in radiotherapy. The multidisciplinary radiotherapy teams with experts in biology, medicine, medical physics, mathematics and engineering sciences are able to meet these new challenges which will allow these advances to be made available to patients as quickly as possible.

No ��mbito do Laborat��rio Lisboa e o Rio de Projeto Final de Arquitetura 2020/2021, do Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura do Iscte-IUL, investigamos exemplos de grandes projetos de arquitetura contempor��nea portuguesa existentes na frente ribeirinha, cuja particularidade era serem elementos transformadores da cidade de Lisboa. O estudo que deu origem a este e-book designado Frente Ribeirinha de Lisboa. Edif��cios e Espa��os P��blicos Contempor��neos 1991-2021 teve em conta 4 t��picos de an��lise: a) implanta����o do edificado, b) rela����o com a envolvente (vistas, topografa e espa��os p��blicos exteriores), c) forma e figura e d) rela����o de escala que a mesma estabelece com as pr��-exist��ncias. Apresentamos neste e-book 15 interven����es que incluem edif��cios e espa��os p��blicos realizados entre 1991 e 2021: 01 Centro Champalimaud (Charles Correa Associates + Jo��o Nunes/Proap); 02 CCB. Centro Cultural de Bel��m (Vittorio Gregotti + Manuel Salgado); 03 Museu Nacional dos Coches (Paulo Mendes da Rocha + Mmbb + Bak Gordon Arquitectos); 04 Maat. Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia (Amanda Levete); 05 Sede EDP (Aires Mateus Associados); 06 Interface do Cais do Sodr�� (Pedro Viana Botelho + Nuno Teot��nio Pereira Arquitectos); 07 Ribeira das Naus (Jo��o Gomes da Silva/Global + Jo��o Nunes/Proap); 08 Campo das Cebolas (Jo��o Lu��s Carrilho da Gra��a + Victor Beiramar Diniz); 09 Doca da Marinha (Jo��o Lu��s Carrilho da Gra��a + Victor Beiramar Diniz); 10 Terminal de Cruzeiros (Jo��o Lu��s Carrilho da Gra��a + Jo��o Gomes da Silva/Global); 11 Prata Riverside Village (Renzo Piano); 12 Parque Ribeirinho Oriente (Filipa Cardoso de Menezes e Catarina Assis Pacheco/ F|C); 13 Pavilh��o do Conhecimento (Jo��o Lu��s Carrilho da Gra��a); 14 Pavilh��o de Portugal (��lvaro Siza Vieira); 15 Jardim Garcia de Orta (Jo��o Gomes da Silva/Global).

O Laborat��rios Lisboa e o Rio (2021), encontrou na zona ribeirinha de Lisboa um campo de an��lise e investiga����o, palco para a realiza����o de um trabalho de investiga����o designado Atlas Visual Infinito: Zona Ribeirinha de Lisboa de onde resultou um documento de apoio ao trabalho de projeto a realizar para a zona ribeirinha de Lisboa.Com base numa grelha conceptual constitu��da por diferentes categorias: Topografia, Fronteira/Limite, Mem��ria, Infraestruturas, Paisagens Fr��geis, ��cones, Acontecimentos, Mobilidade, Vida, (In)previsibilidade e Utopia, propusemos associar imagens (inspirados em Warburg) de modo a compreender o territ��rio e dar-lhe novos significados. Quando come��amos o trabalho n��o imaginamos o que t��nhamos pela frente. �� medida que o trabalho avan��ava ��amos percebendo que fazer um atlas �� como levar um mundo nas costas (Didi-Huberman, G., 2010). O que realiz��mos at�� agora �� s�� um come��o.

No âmbito do Laboratório Lisboa e o Rio de Projeto Final de Arquitetura 2020/2021, do Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura do Iscte-IUL, investigamos exemplos de grandes projetos de arquitetura contemporânea portuguesa existentes na frente ribeirinha, cuja particularidade era serem elementos transformadores da cidade de Lisboa. O estudo que deu origem a este e-book designado Frente Ribeirinha de Lisboa. Edifícios e Espaços Públicos Contemporâneos 1991-2021 teve em conta 4 tópicos de análise: a) implantação do edificado, b) relação com a envolvente (vistas, topografa e espaços públicos exteriores), c) forma e figura e d) relação de escala que a mesma estabelece com as pré-existências. Apresentamos neste e-book 15 intervenções que incluem edifícios e espaços públicos realizados entre 1991 e 2021: 01 Centro Champalimaud (Charles Correa Associates + João Nunes/Proap); 02 CCB. Centro Cultural de Belém (Vittorio Gregotti + Manuel Salgado); 03 Museu Nacional dos Coches (Paulo Mendes da Rocha + Mmbb + Bak Gordon Arquitectos); 04 Maat. Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia (Amanda Levete); 05 Sede EDP (Aires Mateus Associados); 06 Interface do Cais do Sodré (Pedro Viana Botelho + Nuno Teotónio Pereira Arquitectos); 07 Ribeira das Naus (João Gomes da Silva/Global + João Nunes/Proap); 08 Campo das Cebolas (João Luís Carrilho da Graça + Victor Beiramar Diniz); 09 Doca da Marinha (João Luís Carrilho da Graça + Victor Beiramar Diniz); 10 Terminal de Cruzeiros (João Luís Carrilho da Graça + João Gomes da Silva/Global); 11 Prata Riverside Village (Renzo Piano); 12 Parque Ribeirinho Oriente (Filipa Cardoso de Menezes e Catarina Assis Pacheco/ F|C); 13 Pavilhão do Conhecimento (João Luís Carrilho da Graça); 14 Pavilhão de Portugal (Álvaro Siza Vieira); 15 Jardim Garcia de Orta (João Gomes da Silva/Global).

Immunotherapy occupies a growing place in urologic oncology, mainly for kidney and bladder cancers. On the basis of encouraging preclinical work, the combination of immunotherapy with radiotherapy aims to increase the tumor response, including in metastatic tumors, which raises many hopes, which this article reviews.

Resume Contexte Les carcinomes epidermoides cutanes (CEC) se developpent sur l’extremite cephalique dans 80 % des cas. Les metastases intra-parotidiennes (MIP) sont rares, mais leur traitement associant chirurgie et radiotherapie est lourd et leur pronostic est sombre. Materiel et methodes Les cas de parotidectomies pour MIP d’un CEC de la face entre 2005 et 2015 ont ete retrospectivement etudies. Les donnees epidemiologiques, carcinologiques et therapeutiques ont ete evaluees. Les survies globale et specifique ont ete calculees suivant la methode de Kaplan–Meier. Le test du Logrank et le modele de Cox ont ete utilises pour rechercher les facteurs pronostiques des MIP. Objectifs L’objectif principal etait d’identifier les facteurs influencant la survie des patients presentant une MIP d’un CEC de la face. Resultats Trente-cinq patients ont ete inclus. Le delai d’apparition des MIP etait en moyenne de 13 mois. La survie globale a 1 an, 2 ans et 5 ans etait respectivement de 57 %, 50 % et 35 %, la survie specifique respectivement de 70 %, 66 % et 59 %. Les facteurs pronostiques independants des MIP etaient l’immunodepression, l’âge au traitement, les marges non saines de la tumeur cutanee, l’envahissement macroscopique du nerf facial et la presence d’adenopathies cervicales metastatiques. Conclusion Cette etude confirme l’association de nombreux facteurs pronostiques independants au stade metastatique ganglionnaire intra-parotidien, lies a la population, a la tumeur cutanee primitive et a la MIP. L’obtention d’une exerese complete de la tumeur cutanee initiale est une regle absolue, afin de diminuer le risque de survenue des MIP. Une surveillance radioclinique accrue doit permettre le diagnostic precoce de ces metastases.

Resume La radiotherapie en conditions stereotaxiques des tumeurs hepatiques primitives et secondaires peut etre realisee en complement et/ou comme une alternative a la chirurgie et aux techniques de thermoablation. De nombreuses variantes techniques sont actuellement disponibles, ce qui entraine une certaine heterogeneite dans les modalites de delineation, de prescription de la dose et de determination des doses de tolerance aux organes a risque. L’objectif de cet article est de permettre une homogeneisation des pratiques afin d’ameliorer la qualite et la securite de cette technique et de faciliter sa diffusion afin de repondre au principe d’egalite d’acces aux techniques innovantes pour le plus grand nombre de patients. Cette mise au point s’inscrit dans la continuite du guide Recorad, publie en 2016 par la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO), en le completant selon les donnees recentes de la litterature sur les tumeurs du foie.

The indications of radiotherapy for skin cancers are not clearly defined because of the lack of randomised trials or prospective studies. For basal cell carcinomas, radiotherapy frequently offers a good local control, but a randomized trial showed that surgery is more efficient and less toxic. Indications of radiotherapy are contra-indications of surgery for patients older than 60, non-sclerodermiform histology and occurring in non-sensitive areas. Adjuvant radiotherapy could be proposed to squamous cell carcinomas, in case of poor prognostic factors. Dose of 60 to 70Gy are usually required, and must be modulated to the size of the lesions. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems beneficial for desmoplastic melanomas but not for the other histological types. Prophylactic nodal irradiation (45 to 50Gy), for locally advanced tumours (massive nodal involvement), decreases the locoregional failure rate but do not increase survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy (50 to 56Gy) for Merckel cell carcinomas increases also the local control rate, as demonstrated by meta-analysis and a large epidemiological study. Nodal areas must be included, if there is no surgical exploration (sentinel lymph node dissection). Kaposi sarcomas are radiosensitive and could be treated with relatively low doses (24 to 30Gy). Also, cutaneous lymphomas are good indications for radiotherapy: B lymphomas are electively treated with limited fields. The role of total skin electron therapy for T-lymphomas is still discussed; but palliative radiotherapy is very efficient in case of cutaneous nodules.

Resume Les pertes de substance nasales etendues ou de pleine epaisseur ne sont pas exceptionnelles, en particulier dans le contexte de cancers cutanes. Le but de ce travail est de presenter les principes du choix et de la realisation d’une epithese dans le projet de reconstruction nasale. En France, la mise en place d’une epithese nasale repose sur une prescription specialisee au titre des « Protheses oculaires et faciales » de la liste des produits et prestations. Ces protheses sont remboursables integralement par l’Assurance Maladie, sous reserve d’agrement de l’epithesiste. Les auteurs decrivent les etapes de la realisation de l’epithese, ses formes et les modalites de fixation, ainsi que la chronologie de sa mise en place. L’epithese est simple, rapide, fonctionnelle. Elle permet une rehabilitation sociale sans compromis carcinologique sans empecher le choix ulterieur d’une rhinopoiese chirurgicale. Les benefices et inconvenients de cette methode sont discutes, ainsi que ses contraintes qui permettent de faire un choix de reparation adapte au contexte de la pathologie. L’epithese fait partie integrante des methodes de rehabilitation des pertes de substance nasales etendues ou de pleine epaisseur. Le chirurgien ORL doit maitriser ses indications au meme titre que les techniques de reconstruction, savoir choisir et prescrire ce type de prothese lorsque le contexte le requiert.

Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) develops on the head in 80% of cases. Parotid metastasis (PM) is rare, but treatment, which associates surgery and radiation therapy, is heavy and prognosis poor. Material and methods All cases of parotidectomy for PM of CSCC of the head and neck between 2005 and 2015 were studied retrospectively. Epidemiologic, oncologic and therapeutic data were analyzed. Overall and specific survival were calculated following Kaplan-Meier. Log-rank and Cox models were used to identify prognostic factors for PM. Objectives The principal study objective was to identify factors for survival in PM from CSCC of the head and neck. Results Thirty-five patients were included. Mean time to onset of PM was 13 months. Overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival was respectively 70, 66 and 59%. Independent prognostic factors comprised immunodepression, age at treatment, positive CSCC margins, macroscopic facial nerve involvement, and metastatic cervical adenopathies. Conclusion The study confirmed an association of several independent prognostic factors at the stage of parotid lymph-node metastasis, related to patient, primary CSCC and PM. Complete primary resection is essential to reduce the risk of PM. Intensified radiologic and clinical surveillance should enable early diagnosis.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies can be performed in association and/or as an alternative to surgery and radiofrequency. The consequences of the great number of techniques available are heterogeneity in contouring, dose prescription and in determination of dose constraints for organs at risk. The objective of this paper is to improve the quality and safety and to help the diffusion of this technique for a majority of patients. In 2016, the French Society of Radiation Oncology (SFRO) published guidelines for external radiotherapy and brachytherapy ("Recorad"). This paper is an update of these recommendations considering recent publications.

The Oligopelvis 2 studies is based on the assumption that salvage pelvic radiotherapy may prolong the interval between the first and the second intermittent hormone therapy sequence in pelvic lymph node oligometastatic prostate cancer. This phase 3 study will compare intermittent hormone therapy (standard arm) alone or combined with salvage pelvic radiotherapy (experimental arm).

Resume Les carcinomes cutanes de type basocellulaire ou epidermoide sont des lesions frequentes pour lesquelles le pronostic est essentiellement lie au controle local. La chirurgie reste le traitement de reference, si elle permet une exerese complete sans prejudice esthetique ou fonctionnel. La curietherapie peut constituer une option therapeutique interessante dans les autres situations. Elle est particulierement bien adaptee au traitement des lesions periorificielles de la face. Elle est le plus souvent effectuee a bas debit de dose, mais peut aussi etre realisee a haut debit si un traitement ambulatoire est preferable. Elle permet l’obtention d’un taux eleve de controle local, avec tres peu d’effets secondaires tardifs. Son indication doit etre discutee des la prise en charge initiale, en fonction de l’âge et de l’etat general du patient, des caracteristiques de la lesion et du risque de retentissement esthetique ou fonctionnel des differentes options de traitement.

The indications of radiotherapy for skin cancers are not clearly defined because of the lack of randomised trials or prospective studies. For basal cell carcinomas, radiotherapy frequently offers a good local control, but a randomized trial showed that surgery is more efficient and less toxic. Indications of radiotherapy are contra-indications of surgery for patients older than 60, non-sclerodermiform histology and occurring in non-sensitive areas. Adjuvant radiotherapy could be proposed to squamous cell carcinomas, in case of poor prognostic factors. Dose of 60 to 70Gy are usually required, and must be modulated to the size of the lesions. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems beneficial for desmoplastic melanomas but not for the other histological types. Prophylactic nodal irradiation (45 to 50Gy), for locally advanced tumours (massive nodal involvement), decreases the locoregional failure rate but do not increase survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy (50 to 56Gy) for Merckel cell carcinomas increases also the local control rate, as demonstrated by meta-analysis and a large epidemiological study. Nodal areas must be included, if there is no surgical exploration (sentinel lymph node dissection). Kaposi sarcomas are radiosensitive and could be treated with relatively low doses (24 to 30Gy). Also, cutaneous lymphomas are good indications for radiotherapy: B lymphomas are electively treated with limited fields. The role of total skin electron therapy for T-lymphomas is still discussed; but palliative radiotherapy is very efficient in case of cutaneous nodules.

Recent technological developments led to develop the concept of focused liver radiation therapy. We must distinguish primary and secondary tumors as the indications are restricted and must be discussed as an alternative to surgical or medical treatments. For hepatocellular carcinoma 5 to 10cm (or more), a conformational radiation with or without intensity modulation is performed. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is being evaluated and is increasingly proposed as an alternative to radiofrequency ablative treatment for primary or secondary tumors (typically less than 5cm). Tumor (and liver) movements induced by respiratory motions must be taken into account. Strict dosimetric criteria must be met with particular attention to the dose-volume histograms to liver and the hollow organs, including cases of SBRT.

There are very few data on the expansion from the clinical target volume (CTV) to the planning target volume (PTV) in the anal cancer treatment. This article aims to collect the different elements needed for the construction of a PTV from scientific data based on a literature analysis. We reviewed the articles published in the medical literature from the last 20years. They concerned setup errors and internal organ mobility of the different volumes of patients treated by conformational radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (anal canal, meso-rectum, common, intern and extern, inguinal and pre-sacral lymph nodes). CTV to PTV margins admitted in the guidelines and atlas of consensus groups (SFRO, RTOG, AGITG) are from 0.7 to 1cm in all directions, based on expert's opinions but not on scientific data. There are no specific studies on the canal anal mobility. Most of the data are from other pelvis cancers (gynecologic, rectum and prostate). Setup errors can be reduced by daily imaging. Patient repositioning and immobilization modalities are mostly local habits rather than scientific consensus. A three-dimensional 1cm margin is generally admitted. Margins reduction must be careful and has to be assessed.

Node-positive prostate cancer patients represent a small proportion of all prostate cancers for whom limited prospective information is available. Most retrospective or cohort data strongly suggest however that radiotherapy combined with androgen-depriving therapies is the preferable treatment in this setting. Only randomized clinical trials would be able to better define both radiotherapy (dose? volume? fractionation?) and androgen-depriving therapies (duration? role of novel androgen-depriving therapy?) modalities.

Analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data is typically carried out in the time domain where the data has a high temporal correlation. These analyses usually employ parametric models of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) where either pre-whitening of the data is attempted or autoregressive (AR) models are employed to model the noise. Statistical analysis then proceeds via regression of the convolution of the HRF with the input stimuli. This approach has limitations when considering that the time series collected are embedded in a brain image in which the AR model order may vary and pre-whitening techniques may be insufficient for handling faster sampling times. However fMRI data can be analyzed in the Fourier domain where the assumptions made as to the structure of the noise can be less restrictive and hypothesis tests are straightforward for single subject analysis, especially useful in a clinical setting. This allows for experiments that can have both fast temporal sampling and event-related designs where stimuli can be closely spaced in time. Equally important, statistical analysis in the Fourier domain focuses on hypothesis tests based on nonparametric estimates of the hemodynamic transfer function (HRF in the frequency domain). This is especially important for experimental designs involving multiple states (drug or stimulus induced) that may alter the form of the response function. In this context a univariate general linear model in the Fourier domain has been applied to analyze BOLD data sampled at a rate of 400 ms from an experiment that used a two-way ANOVA design for the deterministic stimulus inputs with inter-stimulus time intervals chosen from Poisson distributions of equal intensity.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions J.J. Bonerandi, C. Beauvillain, L. Caquant, J.F. Chassagne, V. Chaussade,** P. Clavere, C. Desouches, F. Garnier, J.L. Grolleau, M. Grossin,*** A. Jourdain, J.Y. Lemonnier, H. Maillard, N. Ortonne, E. Rio,**** E. Simon, J.F. Sei,** J.J. Grob, L. Martin,* for the French Dermatology Recommendations Association (aRED) Department of Dermatology, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France Department of ENT, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France **Department of Dermatology, Ambroise-Pare University Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Department of Oncoradiotherapy, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Marseille, France General Practitioner, Angers, France Department of Plastic Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France ***Department of Pathology, Louis-Mourier University Hospital, Colombes, France ENT, Private Practice, Laval, France Department of Gerontology, Orleans Hospital, Orleans, France Department of Dermatology, Le Mans Hospital, Le Mans, France Department of Pathology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France ****Department of Oncoradiotherapy, CLCC Nantes, Nantes, France Department of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France *Correspondence: Prof. Ludovic Martin. E-mail: lumartin@chu-angers.fr

Reactive collisions between neutral molecules play important roles in combustion, radiological, and atmospheric physics. Utilizing the current state of knowledge of hydrogen-oxygen reaction rates, the corresponding reaction cross sections are inferred. For these relatively simple reactions, the time might be ready to undertake ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations of such cross sections. In this case, it might be possible to apportion a reaction rate to reactions leading to various excited states. The reaction rates for a hydrogen-oxygen system in a kinetic time simulation and a detailed steady-state combustive flow-field calculation are used to illustrate the apportionment.

The spatial distribution of electron energy deposition has become important in astrophysics, atmospheric radiation, fusion, and laser physics. To calculate this distribution requires a detailed specification of the elastic differential cross sections at all energies involved in the degradation process. To satisfy this need in the particular case of electrons slowing down in atomic oxygen we have adopted a strategy which gives realistic angular distributions with reasonable computational costs. First, we establish an analytic independent particle model for O/sup -/ which has the form of a double Yukawa function with parameters adjusted to simulate an average Hartree-Fock potential and to yield the exact electron affinity. Next we use an optical model code to calculate at a widely spaced sample of energies the phase shifts for the lower partial waves and a sample of the higher partial waves. We fit these phase shifts with an analytic formula arising from the Born approximation with a simple additional term to satisfy Levinson's theorem for the case of s and p waves which have bound states. By adjusting the parameters of this function to the sample of optical model phase shifts we obtain a precise and economical (12 parameters) analytic description of all opticalmore » model phase shifts at all energies. Using these phase shifts and the usual Legendre polynomial representation we can generate the differential cross section for any desired energy and angle. The saving of computation time with respect to the complete use of the optical model program should make it possible to input realistic quantum mechanical results into electron transport calculations. Other possible applications of our analytic method are discussed.« less

The Yukawa or Debye-Hueckel potential, by a suitable choice of scale factor (d) and the use of the corresponding energy unit (h/sup 2//2md/sup 2/), may be written in the form V(r:Z) = -(2Z/r)e/sup -r/. For Z much less than 1 or l much greater than 1 or E = k/sup 2/ sufficiently large the partial wave phase shifts are given by the Born approximation which mathematically vanishes at E = 0. On the other hand, Levinson's theorem indicates that a phase shift, in units of ..pi.., is equal to n(Z,l), the integral number of bound states sustainable by the potential. In this work an optical model code written by Relyea for molecular potentials is adapted to be suitable for singular attractive potentials such as the Yukawa potential. This modified code is used to obtain the numerical Schroedinger phase shifts for a broad range of Z and l values. By the addition of integers to assure continuity of the phase shifts and the satisfaction of Levinson's theorem the authors obtain an array of continuous functions which, in effect, interpolate between the Levinson limit and the Born limit. Next, they find an accurate analytic characterization of the number of bound states n/submore » a/ (Z,l) suggested by the Sommerfeld model. Finally, they develop a simple two-term analytic formula which interpolates between the Levinson limit and the Born limit and fits the rectified set of Schroedinger phase shifts quite well. In effect, they arrive at a four-dimensional function delta(E,l,Z,d) that should be useful as a convenient approximation in atomic, nuclear, particle, and plasma physics. 12 references, 9 figures, 2 tables.« less

Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a frequent clinical presentation in jumping athletes and may be aggravated by sustained sitting, stair use, and loading of the quadriceps. Corticospinal activation of the quadriceps in athletes with AKP has not yet been investigated, but is important in guiding efficacious treatment. This cross-sectional study assessed corticospinal excitability (CSE) of the quadriceps in jumping athletes using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Groups consisted of Control (no knee pain); patellar tendinopathy (PT) [localized inferior pole pain on single-leg decline squat (SLDS)]; and other AKP (nonlocalized pain around the patella). SLDS (numerical score of pain 0-10), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Patellar tendon (VISA-P), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), active motor threshold (AMT), CSE, and Mmax were tested. Twenty nine athletes participated; control n = 8, PT n = 11, AKP n = 10. There were no group differences in age (P = 0.23), body mass index (P = 0.16), MVIC (P = 0.38) or weekly activity (P = 0.22). PT had elevated CSE compared with controls and other AKP (P 0.001), but no differences were detected between AKP and controls (P = 0.47). CSE appears to be greater in PT than controls and other AKP. An improved understanding of the corticospinal responses in different sources of knee pain may direct better treatment approaches.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of different parameters on pretreatment fluorodeoxyglucose [((18)F)-FDG] positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with localized oesophageal cancer.We retrospectively reviewed 83 cases of localised oesophageal cancer treated in our institution. Patients were treated with curative intent and have received chemoradiotherapy alone or followed by surgery. Different prognostic parameters were correlated to survival: cancer-related factors, patient-related factors and parameters derived from PET-CT (maximum standardized uptake value [SUV max], metabolically active tumor volume either measured with an automatic segmentation software ["fuzzy locally adaptive bayesian": MATVFLAB] or with an adaptive threshold method [MATVseuil] and total lesion glycolysis [TLGFLAB and TLGseuil]).The median follow-up was 21.8 months (range: 0.16-104). The median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 15.2-28.9). There were 67 deaths: 49 associated with cancer and 18 from intercurrent causes. None of the tested factors was significant on overall survival. In univariate analysis, the following three factors affected the specific survival: MATVFLAB (P=0.025), TLGFLAB (P=0.04) and TLGseuil (P=0.04). In multivariate analysis, only MATVFLAB had a significant impact on specific survival (P=0.049): MATVFLAB18 cm(3): 31.2 months (95%CI: 21.7-not reached) and MATVFLAB18 cm(3): 20 months (95%CI: 11.1-228.9).The metabolically active tumour volume measured with the automatic segmentation software FLAB on baseline PET-CT was a significant prognostic factor, which should be tested on a larger cohort.

Objectifs Cette etude avait pour objectif principal d’evaluer si un traitement de radiotherapie (RT) conventionnelle (RTCONV) de 8 semaines etait aussi efficace qu’un traitement de RT hypofractionnee (RTHYPO) de 4 semaines sans majorer la toxicite chez des patients porteurs de cancers de prostate de risque intermediaire. Methodes Le traitement de patients porteurs de cancers de prostate localises de risque intermediaire etait randomise entre RTCONV (78 Gy, 39 fractions, 8 semaines) ou RTHYPO (60 Gy, 20 fractions, 4 semaines). Le critere principal etait la rechute biochimique ou clinique (RBC) definie par : rechute biochimique (nadir +2 ng/mL), debut d’une hormonotherapie, rechute locale ou a distance ou deces. Hypothese de non-inferiorite : le taux de RBC a 5 ans de RTHYPO n’etait pas superieur de 7,5 % au bras RTCONV (risque relatif maximal 1,32 ; beta = 85 %, alpha = 5 % unilateral). Resultats Entre 2006 et 2011, 1206 patients ont ete inclus au Canada, en Australie et en France (HYPO : 608 pts ; CON : 598 pts). L’âge moyen etait de 71 ans (48–88). Les caracteristiques de base etaient similaires entre les bras. Le suivi median est de 6,0 ans. A ce jour, 164 patients du bras HYPO ont presente une RBC contre 173 dans le groupe CON. La survie sans RBC a 5 ans etait de 79 % dans les deux bras (HR 0,96 [IC 90 % : 0,80 a 1,15]). Dans l’ensemble, 75 patients sont morts dans chaque groupe. La toxicite aigue GU/GI de grade > 3 etait comparable. Cependant, la toxicite tardive favorisait le bras HYPO (3,5 % contre 5,4 %, diff. = −1,9 %, IC a 95 %, −4,3 a 0,43 %). Conclusion L’efficacite de la radiotherapie hypofractionnee (4 semaines) des cancers de prostate n’est pas inferieure a la radiotherapie conventionnelle (8 semaines), sans augmentation de la toxicite aigue ou tardive. Cette etude, et d’autres etudes comparables, permettent a la communaute urologique de definir un nouveau standard dans la prise en charge par radiotherapie des cancers de prostate de risque intermediaire.

Study of the pattern of relapse for locally advanced oesophageal cancer and analysis of the local recurrences according to irradiated volume.We performed a monocentric retrospective study of patients treated in the integrated centre of oncology (Angers, France). Two treatment strategies were used: concurrent chemoradiation alone or followed by surgery. Recurrences were classified as: locoregional, either isolated or associated with distant metastasis, and metastatic only. Locoregional relapses were subclassified as in-field, out-field, or mixed.Between March 2004 and October 2011, 168 patients were treated: 130 by chemoradiation, and 38 by chemoradiation followed by surgery. The median supero-inferior margins added to the gross tumour volume in order to create the planning tumour volume was 5cm (range: 0.5-21). Sixty-two percent of patients (n=104) relapsed: 82 locoregional relapses (49%), including 45 isolated relapses (27%) and 37 associated with distant metastasis relapses (22%), and 22 metastatic relapses (13%). From the 82 locoregional relapses, only four isolated relapses were exclusively out-field.With 5cm supero-inferior margins added to gross tumour volume, less than 3% of patients had an isolated out-field recurrence. However, half of the patients suffered in-field local recurrence and one third had metastases. These findings advocate for a limited prophylactic nodal irradiation. Trials are ongoing to assess dose escalation or surgery in order to increase local control.

Patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee) has a high prevalence in jumping athletes. Excessive load on the patellar tendon through high volumes of training and competition is an important risk factor. Structural changes in the tendon are related to a higher risk of developing patellar tendinopathy. The critical tendon load that affects tendon structure is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate patellar tendon structure on each day of a 5-day volleyball tournament in an adolescent population (16-18 years). The right patellar tendon of 41 players in the Australian Volleyball Schools Cup was scanned with ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) on every day of the tournament (Monday to Friday). UTC can quantify structure of a tendon into four echo types based on the stability of the echo pattern. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to test for change of echo type I and II over the tournament days. Participants played between eight and nine matches during the tournament. GEE analysis showed no significant change of echo type percentages of echo type I (Wald chi-square = 4.603, d.f. = 4, P = 0.331) and echo type II (Wald chi-square = 6.070, d.f. = 4, P = 0.194) over time. This study shows that patellar tendon structure of 16-18-year-old volleyball players is not affected during 5 days of cumulative loading during a volleyball tournament.