Search

This poster was presented by Astrid E. Delorme at the 7th International Marine Debris Conference 19th - 23rd of September 2022 in Busan, South Korea, under Track 2: Research. Accepted Abstract: Recent global plastic pollution models predict that two thirds of the plastic mass released from land into the ocean since 1950s is likely to have stranded around the world’s shoreline. Yet, our knowledge about the degradation, burial and transportation fate of beached Marine Plastic Debris (MPD) remains limited and little is known about the exact capacity of beaches to store MPD. In this poster contribution we present the MSCA-HE project STORAGE, which aims to fill in current knowledge gaps in global monitoring of MPD. Our approach is based on repeated field-surveys of surface and buried MPD and studying the physico-chemical transformations induced by MPD weathering on Hawaiian beaches. The beaches of Hawaii accumulate high amounts of MPD given their location and proximity to the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (also known as the North Pacific Garbage Patch, NPGP). Data collected from surveys of surface and buried MPD on beaches will generate 3D maps of MPD and by repeating the surveys over a time period of approximately two years will allow us to assess changes in MPD concentration and distribution over time and across seasons. Moreover, through the dynamic 3D maps of MPD we will evaluate MPD fluctuations with respect to sand column depth, beach morphology, distance from the tide line, seasonality, polymer type, size and density. Following the weathering of plastic debris when stored on beaches will reveal dominating MPD transformations and rates, including fragmentation rates, which will provide key information (e.g. changes in density, buoyancy and fragmentation) to understand the fate (transportation and transformation) of MPD in coastal environments. Data from the repeated field-surveys on Hawaiian beaches and the analyses of weathered-induced transformations of beached MPD will be used in numerical models in order to fill in knowledge gaps in MPD transportation. We envision that STORAGE will encourage evidence-based actions and policies to effectively target plastic pollution which will consequently reduce plastic entering the ocean. For example, targeted beach clean-ups, especially in areas where degradation is fast, could provide a ‘last chance’ to remove temporarily beached MPD before released into the vast ocean as secondary microplastic or being buried in beach sediment. The interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge needed for STORAGE will be facilitated through bringing together key actors in MPD analysis and sampling, plastic pollution modelling and polymer science.

Planning for sea level rise (SLR) is a complex process that involves scientific uncertainty and local and regional political tradeoffs. As part of a 6-year transdisciplinary research project in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we conducted focus groups with coastal stakeholders (natural resource managers, community planners, and environmental communicators) to gain a better understanding of their planning and adaptation activities for SLR. This paper reports on participants' perceptions about adaptation and their current adaptation activities and strategies. While stakeholders were concerned about SLR and thought adaptation had challenges, they still shared optimism and a commitment to planning. The findings identify different types of SLR adaptation initiatives in which participants were involved as well as types of perceived barriers to adaptation planning, and major recommended strategies to address them. The paper concludes with a discussion of findings, connections to related SLR adaptation literature, practical implications for coastal resiliency, and directions for future research.

Electrochemical oscillatory baffled reactors fabricated with additive manufacturing for efficient continuous-flow oxidations

In recent years, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have gained increasing attention as promising non-toxic solvents for biotechnological applications, due to their compatibility with enzymes and ability to enhance the enzyme activity. Betaine - based NADESs at a concentration of 25 wt% in a buffered aqueous solution [1] were used as media to inhibit thermal inactivation of #rPOXA1b and 5 variants laccases when incubated at 70°C and 90°C for 1 hour. All the tested laccases showed higher residual activity when incubated in NADES solutions compared to the enzymes incubated in the reference solution. Furthermore, the residual activity of laccases in presence of NADESs showed a clear advantage over the use of NADESs’ individual components. Molecular docking simulations were performed to better understand the role of NADESs in the stabilization of laccases towards thermal degradation observed in the experimental work. The 3-dimensional structures of the NADES components and #rPOXA1b and 5 variants laccases were built using YASARA Structure software and the effect of mutations on the on the enzyme stability were evaluated. The binding energies between laccases and NADES components were calculated and compared to the experimental results of the measured residual activities. These findings demonstrate the possibility of pre-incubating enzymes in NADESs as a facile and cost-effective solution to inhibit thermal inactivation of enzymes when exposed to high temperatures for various time., {"references":["Delorme, A. E., Andanson, J.-M., and Verney, V. (2020). Improving laccase thermostability with aqueous natural deep eutectic solvents. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 163, 919–926. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.022"]}

Participating in user-centered design provides potential users of interactive risk visualization tools agency in influencing tool development. This article identifies and characterizes pathways for...

Plastic pollution in the world's ocean is one of the major environmental challenges that affects the society today, due to their persistence at sea, adverse consequences to marine life and being potentially harmful to human health. Rivers are now widely recognized as being the major input source of land-based plastic waste into the seas. Despite their key role in plastic transportation, riverine plastic pollution research is still in its infancy and plastic sources, hot-spots and degradation processes in riverine systems are to date poorly understood. In this contribution, we introduce a novel concept of following the aging of polypropylene based post-consumer goods placed in known trapping and mobility zones of macroplastics on a fluvial point bar, which was determined through repeated field surveys of macroplastic densities on this bar. As a proof-of-concept, we followed the degradation of 5 identical plastic butter tubs in 5 different locations on a riverbank and significant differences in the aging of the tubs were observed. The degree of aging of the tubs can to some extent be correlated to their proximity to the main river channel, exposure to natural conditions, such as solar radiation, and its storage time on land.

In the original articles, the last four members’ of COVID-19 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Consortium affiliation were incorrectly published. The correct affiliation are given below. Nihal Yurteri: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey Florian Daniel Zepf: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany Anna Zielinska-Wieniawska: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Alessandro Zuddas: Department of Biomedical Science and “G. Brotzu” Hospital Trust, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy The original article has been corrected. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Resume Introduction Depuis 2014, la toxine botulique de type A Botox ® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Etats-Unis) represente une nouvelle option therapeutique dans le traitement de deuxieme ligne de l’hyperactivite vesicale idiopathique. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer les pratiques des chirurgiens utilisant la toxine botulique dans cette indication. Materiel et methodes Tous les centres d’urogynecologie de la region ont ete contactes afin de repertorier l’ensemble des patients traites depuis l’autorisation de mise sur le marche (AMM). La symptomatologie des patients, les traitements anterieurs, l’evaluation paraclinique, les caracteristiques operatoires ainsi que les modalites de suivi ont ete recueillis et analyses. Resultats Six centres pratiquaient les injections de toxine botulique A onabotulinum toxin (BoNTA) et 5 ont accepte de participer a cette etude permettant de recenser 97 patients. Soixante-huit primo-injections (70 %) etaient realisees dans le cadre strict de l’AMM (pollakiurie, urgenturie, incontinence). Tous les patients presentaient au moins deux de ces symptomes. Dans 69 % des cas, l’injection de (BoNTA) etait un traitement de deuxieme choix apres echec de la neuromodulation tibiale ou de la neuromodulation sacree. Un bilan urodynamique etait effectue pour 91 % des patients. La recherche d’un residu post-mictionnel etait observee dans 59 % des cas au cours du suivi postoperatoire. Conclusion Dans notre region, les injections de (BoNTA) dans le traitement de l’hyperactivite vesicale idiopathique sont majoritairement effectuees apres echec de la neuromodulation tibiale ou de la neuromodulation sacree. Les pratiques diagnostiques, operatoires et d’evaluation des resultats de la toxine botulique sont encore tres heterogenes plaidant pour une plus grande standardisation de cette nouvelle therapie dans le traitement de l’hyperactivite vesicale idiopathique. Niveau de preuve 3.

As part of a larger transdisciplinary sea level rise (SLR) research project, six face-to-face, repeated focus groups with stakeholders (coastal resource managers and environmental communications professionals) were conducted in three states (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The purpose was to collect input on development of the project’s scientific research and models and gather future project outreach recommendations. This paper reports on the outreach-related results, which synergistically grew to encompass not only project-specific outreach but also broader concerns of stakeholders pertaining to risk communication. Participants believed outreach on SLR preparation was urgently needed and could be facilitated with a multifaceted targeted approach despite various challenges. Analysis revealed five target audience recommendations, six message content and format recommendations, and eight message delivery recommendations. Overall, the study provides empirical support for the perceived value and added benefits of social science, particularly qualitative methods, to foment transdisciplinary projects and for effective SLR communication. The paper concludes with a discussion of connections to the transdisciplinary research and risk communication literature followed by practical and future research implications.

International audience; The widespread use of laccases in industry is often limited due to the enzyme inactivation over time at conditions which exceeds the operating conditions of the enzymes, which are neutral pH and ambient temperatures (30-40°C). Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) have attracted considerable attention as reaction media in biocatalysis due to their promising compatibility with enzymes and sustainable derivation. In this contribution we demonstrate the possibility of applying aqueous NADESs as incubation media to alter the activity and inhibit thermal inactivation of laccase T. versicolor. For example we show that by incubating 0.25 g L −1 laccase in an aqueous 25 wt% betaine-xylitol based NADES at 70°C for 15 min, the measured residual activity of laccase is a near 10 fold greater than the measured residual activity of laccase when incubated without the NADES. Moreover, the comparison of the residual activities of the enzyme in presence betaine, xylitol or NADES is clearly showing the advantage of using a NADES over its individual components. The drastic enhancement of the enzyme thermostability by pre-incubation of laccase in NADES media showcases a facile, cheap and green method of boosting the stability laccase.

2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a promising, sustainable, metal-free mediator for oxidation of alcohols. In this contribution, we describe how the selectivity of TEMPO for electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can be changed by design of the solvent medium. Cyclic voltammetry of TEMPO in a series of ammonium-, phosphonium-, and imidazolium-based RTILs reveals that the potential at which TEMPO is oxidized increases from 677 mV (vs. the potential of the decamethylferrocene/ decamethylferrocinium, dmFc/dmFc+, redox couple) to 788 mV as the H-bond basicity of the RTIL anions decreases. The increase in potential is accompanied by an increase in the rate constant for oxidation of benzyl alcohol from about 0.1 dm3 mol−1 s−1 to about 0.7 dm3 mol−1 s−1, demonstrating the ability to manipulate the reactivity of TEMPO by judicious choice of the RTIL anions. The rate of alcohol oxidation in a series of RTILs increases in the order 2-butanol < 1phenylethanol < octanol < benzyl alcohol, and the RTIL 1-octyl-3-methylmidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]–) shows clear selectivity towards the oxidation of primary alcohols. In addition, the reaction kinetics and selectivity are better in [NTf2]–-based RTILs than in acetonitrile, often the solvent-of-choice in indirect alcohol electrooxidations. Finally, we demonstrate that electrolytic TEMPO-mediated alcohol oxidations can be performed using RTILs in a flow-electrolysis system, with excellent yields and reaction selectivity, demonstrating the opportunities offered by such systems.

Interactive sea-level rise viewers (ISLRVs) are digital tools used to communicate about impacts of sea-level rise (SLR) and support decision-making. This study characterizes how ISLRVs communicate about SLR-related risks and provide decision-making support. It identifies key themes about fostering accurate mental models of SLR processes, informing about inundation likelihood, communicating about related social and ecological risks, and providing features users can apply to specific tasks. We present a framework for understanding this type of communication tool that designers can use to develop robust ISLRVs that can support audiences’ understanding and decision-making needs, and contribute to enhancement of coastal resiliency.

There is increasing emphasis from funding agencies on transdisciplinary approaches to integrate science and end-users. However, transdisciplinary research can be laborious and costly and knowledge of effective collaborative processes in these endeavors is incomplete. More guidance grounded in actual project experiences is needed. Thus, this article describes and examines the collaborative process of the Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise in the Northern Gulf of Mexico transdisciplinary research project, including its development, implementation, and evaluation. Reflections, considerations, and lessons learned from firsthand experience are shared, supported with examples, and connected to relevant scholarly literature.

Introduction Ionic liquid (IL) surface science has experienced rapid expansion in recent years. As such, a multitude of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) techniques have been used to probe the IL/vacuum interface including laboratory and synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), low energy ion scattering (LEIS), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (NICISS). To date, the vast majority of these studies have focused upon cyclic nitrogen-containing cations, particularly the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium family, whereas acyclic cations including tetraalkylammonium and –phosphonium have been overlooked despite their potential use in a wide range of existing applications including heterogeneous catalysis, gas capture/separation, and nanoparticle formation.

Given the importance of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in the health care marketplace and lack of systematic research on OTC drug advertising (OTCA) effects, this study tested a theory-based, product category–specific OTCA effects model. Structural equation modeling analysis of data for 1 OTC drug category, analgesics, supported the proposed model, explaining the OTCA effect process from key consumer antecedents to ad involvement, from ad involvement to ad attention, from ad attention to cognitive responses, then to affective/evaluative responses, leading to the final behavioral outcome. Several noteworthy patterns also emerged: (a) Product involvement was directly linked to ad attention, rather than exerting an indirect influence through ad involvement; (b) ad attention was significantly related to both cognitive and affective/evaluative responses to different degrees, with stronger links to cognitive responses; and (c) ad-prompted actions were influenced by both ad trust and ad attitude.

The design of interactive applications for online communication is an ongoing area of research within technical communication. This study reports on the development of an interactive sea-level rise (SLR) viewer, a data visualization tool that communicates about the potential effects of SLR along coastlines. It describes the formative evaluation of a location-specific SLR viewer created via integral stakeholder engagement. Participants performed a series of tasks, answered questions about the tool's usability and communicative effectiveness, and made suggestions for ways to improve its application to desired tasks. The authors discuss the implications of this study for visual risk communication and make recommendations for others developing similar interactive data visualization tools with audience input.

Whole Body Low Dose CT (WBLDCT) has important advantages as a first-line imaging modality for bone disease assessment in patients with plasma cell disorders and has been included in the 2014 International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria for multiple myeloma (MM) definition. Nevertheless, standardization guidelines for the optimal use of WBLDCT in MM patients are still lacking, preventing its more widespread use, both in daily practice and clinical trials. The aim of this report by the Bone Group of the IMWG is to provide practical recommendations for the acquisition, interpretation and reporting of WBLDCT in patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. © 2018, The Author(s).

The framework presented herein supports a changing paradigm in the approaches used by coastal researchers, engineers, and social scientists to model the impacts of climate change and sea level rise (SLR) in particular along low-gradient coastal landscapes. Use of a System of Systems (SoS) approach to the coastal dynamics of SLR is encouraged to capture the nonlinear feedbacks and dynamic responses of the bio-geo-physical coastal environment to SLR, while assessing the social, economic, and ecologic impacts. The SoS approach divides the coastal environment into smaller subsystems such as morphology, ecology, and hydrodynamics. Integrated models are used to assess the dynamic responses of subsystems to SLR; these models account for complex interactions and feedbacks among individual systems, which provides a more comprehensive evaluation of the future of the coastal system as a whole. Results from the integrated models can be used to inform economic services valuations, in which economic activity is connected back to bio-geo-physical changes in the environment due to SLR by identifying changes in the coastal subsystems, linking them to the understanding of the economic system and assessing the direct and indirect impacts to the economy. These assessments can be translated from scientific data to application through various stakeholder engagement mechanisms, which provide useful feedback for accountability as well as benchmarks and diagnostic insights for future planning. This allows regional and local coastal managers to create more comprehensive policies to reduce the risks associated with future SLR and enhance coastal resilience.

Since 2014, OnabotulinumtoxinA BotoxAll urogynecology centers of the country were asked in order to list all patients who were treated since marketing autorisation. Patient symptoms, previous treatments, paraclinic evaluations, data of surgery and the characteristics of the follow up were collected and analyzed.Six centers used BoNTA and five have accepted to participate. Ninety-seven patients have been identified. Sixty-eight first injections (70 %) were carried out with the strict frameworf of the marketing autorisation (urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence). All patients had at least two symptoms. In 69 %, Botulinum toxin was a second-line treatment after the failure of tibial neuromodulation or sacral neuromodulation. Urodynamic evaluation was carried out for 91 % of patients. The search for a post-void residual volume was observed for 59 % of patients during the follow up.In our country, BoNTA injections for idiopathic overactive bladder are mainly effected after tibial neuromodulation or sacral neuromodulation failure. Diagnostic, operating and outcome evaluation practices are still very heterogeneous pleading for a greater standardization of this new therapy in this indication.3.

Interactive sea level rise viewers (ISLRVs) are map-based visualization tools that display projections of sea level rise scenarios to communicate their impacts on coastal areas. Information visualization research suggests that as users interact with such tools they construct personalized narratives of their experience. We argue that attention to narrative-building features in ISLRVs can improve communication effectiveness by promoting user engagement and discovery. A content analysis that focuses on the presence and characteristics of narrative-building features in a purposive sample of 20 ISLRVs is conducted. We also identify particular areas where these ISLRVs could be improved as narrative-building tools.

The Korean-American market segment is distinct, economically powerful, and underexamined. This study compared perceived information utility of six direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) media for prescription drugs among Korean-Americans and Non-Hispanic White Americans. Results indicate that drug-brand Web sites were most useful for this segment, followed by television. Banner, pop-up, and e-mail advertisements were least useful. Korean-Americans perceived newspapers, television, and the Internet significantly more useful DTCA media than Non-Hispanic Whites.

Closed door machining is a strategy for producing a part within tolerance using on-machine measurement and automatic process adjustment as opposed to manual gauging interventions. This paper presents an integrated methodology for compensating errors detected using on-machine probing. In a multi-cut process, intermittent probing which is achieved through replacing the cutting tool with a touch probe, after each cut, can detect machining errors caused by deflection and the tool offset error. A cutting compliance coefficient model is used to estimate corrections to the tool path at the finishing cut based on a finite number of measured errors at discrete locations for previous cuts. The model also anticipates compliance changes and the effect of the compensated depth of cut. The complex surface to be machined is represented by a B-spline model. The compensated tool path is obtained from B-spline deformation techniques applied to the initial tool path according to the discrete corrections. Milling tests are c...

This case study explored recreational boaters’ perceptions of a mobile app being developed in the context of a campaign to promote environmental responsibility in a U.S. Florida lagoon. Transcripts from six focus groups conducted with a target population of boaters to guide the conservation campaign were analyzed to identify and understand the barriers and benefits of the app that may influence its adoption with the desired behavior of better navigating the lagoon. Extant literature on social marketing and adoption and diffusion theory informed analysis. Overall, the results uncovered five perceived benefits and seven perceived barriers to adoption of the mobile app. Participants were interested in the app and had generally favorable reactions. They thought the app could fill a gap in boating technology and provide geographic information useful for improving the boating experience and health of the marine environment. However, there were also questions about the app’s purpose for the campaign and its ability to provide the quality and quantity of information desired for certain features. While some of this study’s identified benefits and barriers were consistent with the literature, others appeared unique to this social marketing and marine environment situation. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical connections, practical implications, and future research recommendations.

This study examined Korean Americans' prescription drug information seeking, evaluation and use of different information sources, and communication with physicians, and compared the findings with those from the White American population. The results suggest that although Korean and White Americans were similar in extent of drug information seeking, Korean Americans tended to experience relatively greater difficulty finding information. Regarding perceived source usefulness, Korean Americans were significantly more likely to perceive higher usefulness in mass media and direct-to-consumer advertising sources than were Whites. Korean Americans were also more likely to use fewer sources, and less likely to use mass media and printed materials in drug information seeking. However, the hypothesized in-group source preference by Korean Americans was not found.

This study examined Korean Americans' evaluation and use of online advertising and non-advertising sources of prescription drug information and compared the findings to those of white Americans. A mail survey was conducted with a disproportionate stratified sample of 600 adults (300 general population and 300 Korean Americans) who have ever taken or are currently taking prescription drugs regularly and reside in a metropolitan area in the Midwestern United States. While both Korean and white Americans evaluated online non-advertising sources more positively than advertising sources, the 2 groups were similar in their evaluation of both online advertising and non-advertising sources. White Americans tended to use more online advertising sources than did Korean Americans, but both groups were equally likely to use non-advertising sources. Evaluation and use of online advertising and non-advertising sources by Korean and white Americans were associated with different predictors.

Dietary supplement advertising is an important, yet neglected, advertising research subject. This article overviews the US dietary supplement industry, describes advertising practices for dietary supplement products, and reviews the existing research on the topic. Based on the literature review, we offer a research agenda for advertising researchers around the world to stimulate and guide future investigations of dietary supplement advertising.

Studies of cultural and subcultural differences among consumers are important for advancing knowledge on direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA). This study investigates and compares scepticism towards DTCA between Korean and Caucasian Americans and the relationship of cultural values (collectivism vs individualism) and acculturation to DTCA scepticism. The results reveal that, while the difference in DTCA scepticism between Caucasian and Korean Americans was non-significant, Korean Americans’ acculturation level influenced DTCA scepticism within this segment and collectivism was the only significant predictor of DTCA scepticism. The findings are discussed relative to previous research on DTCA scepticism, and managerial implications are offered.

PurposeThe over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug market is highly competitive, and consumer advertising is a prominent influence in OTC drug purchase and consumption. Given current marketplace conditions, it is important to summarize OTC drug advertising research. This paper aims to review the state of the public research literature on OTC drug advertising and provide a research agenda derived from the findings.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted to identify the key themes in OTC drug advertising research and secondary data were collected about the regulation, nature, functions, and scope of OTC drug advertising.FindingsMost pharmaceutical advertising studies have focused on prescription drugs, including the majority of direct‐to‐consumer advertising investigations. OTC drug advertising has received considerably less empirical attention. Since the mid‐1970s, only 24 OTC drug advertising studies have appeared sporadically in the literature. The cumulative findings are interesting and suggestive but dated, fragmented, and incomplete. Though research interest has waned, OTC drug markets and advertising spending have not. Advertising remains a prominent OTC drug purchase and consumption driver, likely spurred on by self‐medication and Rx‐to‐OTC drug switching. The state of the public research, the social and policy implications of self‐medication, and the growing OTC drug market signal that it is time to revisit OTC drug advertising content, processes, and effects.Originality/valueThe paper puts the subject of OTC drug advertising back on the radar of communication, advertising, and pharmaceutical marketing researchers and offers an agenda of research questions derived from the reviewed literature to guide and stimulate future studies.

Communicating about environmental risks requires understanding and addressing stakeholder needs, perspectives, and anticipated uses for communication products and decision-support tools. This paper demonstrates how long-term dialogue between scientists and stakeholders can be facilitated by repeated stakeholder focus groups. We describe a dialogic process for developing science-based decision-support tools as part of a larger sea level rise research project in the Gulf of Mexico. We demonstrate how focus groups can be used effectively in tool development, discuss how stakeholders plan to use tools for decision-making and broader public outreach, and describe features that stakeholders perceive would make products more usable.

This survey was conducted to determine and compare how Anglo and Hispanic Americans evaluate and use interpersonal, advertising, and mediated sources of prescription drug information. Findings suggest the following: (1) Hispanics rely on doctors, Internet advertising sources, and direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA), while Anglos frequently use health-related websites and health care professionals; (2) Anglos are more likely to use health-related websites such as WebMD, although Anglos and Hispanics do not appear significantly different in Internet source usefulness evaluation; (3) Hispanics rely on television (TV) and DTC TV advertising more than Anglos, and this tendency is stronger for strong than weak Hispanic identifiers; (4) Hispanics evaluate TV news stories and TV advertising as more useful than Anglos; (5) Hispanics evaluate DTCA more positively and with less skepticism than Anglos; and (6) Hispanic ethnic identification level is positively related to preferences for Spanish-language media and health care professionals.

Resume Ces deux dernieres decennies ont permis de voir apparaitre de nouveaux traitements medicaux ou chirurgicaux revolutionnant la prise en charge de l’incontinence urinaire feminine non neurologique. De nombreuses etudes souvent prospectives randomisees, avec des reculs suffisants, ont permis de valider les bons choix therapeutiques en dehors des effets de mode et des pressions commerciales. L’Association Francaise d’Urologie, par le biais de son Comite d’Urologie et de Pelviperineologie de la Femme, propose ses recommandations. Celles-ci ont ete etablies par un groupe d’experts des specialites concernees (Urologues, Gynecologues, Reeducateurs), a partir d’une revue de la litterature, mais en tenant compte des pratiques quotidiennes universitaires et liberales. Entre Evidence Base Medicine et realite du terrain, ces recommandations essayent de proposer des attitudes realistes et applicables.

Resume Les complications des bandelettes sous-uretrales sont rares mais variees. Les complications operatoires sont le plus souvent la consequence d’une faute technique chirurgicale. La cystoscopie peroperatoire est obligatoire lors de la pose d’une bandelette retro-pubienne pour diagnostiquer en peroperatoire une transfixion vesicale. Les complications fonctionnelles sont les plus frequentes. Elles necessitent une veritable strategie diagnostique avant de proposer un traitement adapte. Le premier examen doit etre une exploration uretrovesicale endoscopique pour eliminer une transfixion vesicouretrale par la bandelette sous-uretrale. La retention aigue postoperatoire releve le plus souvent d’une detente chirurgicale de la bandelette sous-uretrale pendant la periode postoperatoire immediate. La dysurie est d’autant plus reversible qu’elle est traitee precocement par section ou ablation de bandelettes sousuretrales. L’urgenturie de novo a de multiples etiologies : infection, obstruction uretrale, plus rarement cystocele, idiopathique. Devant une incontinence d’effort recidivante apres bandelettes sous-uretrales, la prise en charge dependra de l’anamnese, du bilan clinique et urodynamique. Le traitement pourra concerner la bandelette (deuxieme bandelette sousuretrale, plicature de la bandelette sous-uretrale), il faudra cependant evoquer assez tot une autre alternative therapeutique (sphincter artificiel, ballons ACT…). L’utilisation recommandee de bandelettes sous-uretrales en polypropylene monofilament tricote larges mailles a reduit considerablement le risque de complications infectieuses liees au materiel prothetique. En cas d’erosion vaginale, il faut eliminer une infection de prothese qui impose l’ablation totale de celle-ci. L’erosion simple peut etre traitee par resection partielle de la bandelette exposee et suture vaginale.

This study provides insight into seniors' perceptions of and responses to direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) usefulness, examines support for DTCA regulation as a type of uncertainty management, and extends and gives empirical voice to previous survey results through methodological triangulation. In-depth interview findings revealed that, for most informants, DTCA usefulness was uncertain and this uncertainty stemmed from 4 sources. The majority had negative responses to DTCA uncertainty and relied on 2 uncertainty-management strategies: information seeking from physicians, and inferences of and support for some government regulation of DTCA. Overall, the findings demonstrate the viability of uncertainty management theory (Brashers, 2001, 2007) for mass-mediated health communication, specifically DTCA. The article concludes with practical implications and research recommendations.

This article explores the second-person effect in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. The authors examine the conceptual and operational definitions of the second-person effect, empirically testing Neuwirth and Frederick's operational definition of the second-person effect (the additive term); determine predictors of the second-person effect; and extend the findings of the Neuwirth and Frederick study regarding the relationship between the second-person effect and behavioral outcomes to the advertising context. The findings suggest that the additive term may not reflect the conceptual definition of the second-person effect but instead may measure combined perceived effect or total perceived effect, which is free from the constraint of focusing on the self—other effect gap. Applying the conceptual definition of the second-person effect, this study proposes an alternative operationalization method (the difference term) that measures perceived effect similarity based on the difference score. This study also presents findings regarding the behavioral aspects of the second-person effect.

Resume But Evaluation prospective de l’efficacite a court, moyen et long terme de la technique « concept ABDO-MG ® » dans le traitement reeducatif de l’incontinence urinaire apres prostatectomie radicale (par laparotomie ou par voie cœlioscopique). Methodologie Cinquante-trois patients ayant cliniquement une incontinence urinaire (incontinence d’effort pure, incontinence par urgenterie, incontinence urinaire mixte) ont participe a l’etude. Le traitement reeducatif, commence six semaines avant l’operation, persevere en postoperatoire immediat, s’est poursuivi a domicile et au cabinet du kinesitherapeute pendant une duree de trois a 12 mois jusqu’a la disparition ou la tolerance d’une incontinence urinaire consideree comme minime et acceptable. Les exercices ont ete effectues selon le protocole defini par l’auteur du concept, c’est-a-dire un travail d’expiration dans un embout specifique (appele « embout son ») et le couplage avec un electroneurostimulateur abdominal dont le courant est declenche et maintenu par le son du souffle du patient dans l’embout son. L’efficacite du concept a ete confirmee par une etude comparative avant prise en charge reeducative, au cours, puis a la fin du traitement. Le suivi a ete triple : une evaluation par EFR permettant de relever, pour chaque souffle, la courbe debit/volume et le VEMS/s, un testing abdominal clinique avec surveillance du mouvement abdominal sur le plan vertical et horizontal pendant un effort de toux et un pad test , effectue quotidiennement par le patient a domicile, appreciant la quantite des fuites urinaires nocturnes et diurnes en rapport avec l’activite de chaque patient. Resultats Les resultats ont ete encourageants et significatifs. L’amelioration de la courbe debit/volume et du VEMS/s a varie entre 1,4436 et 1,1209 L. Le testing abdominal a mis en evidence une evolution positive constante de la correction de l’incompetence abdominale a l’effort (testing ameliore d’un point sur une graduation negative de −1 a −3). Le « pad test a domicile » a mis en evidence un resultat significatif de la quasi-disparition des fuites passant de pres de 800 cc a quelques gouttes en fin de traitement. Le resultat subjectif a ete marque par l’amelioration des differents dysfonctionnements sous le couvert d’une incompetence abdominale majoree par l’acte chirurgical abdominal. Conclusion Cette etude prospective est la premiere a apporter un travail d’evaluation concernant la valeur motrice abdominale et la relation existant entre la poussee expiratoire et la protection pelviperineale.

PurposeTo determine how seniors evaluate, compare, and use prescription drug information sources, provide insight on perceptions of the credibility, trustworthiness, and value of these sources, and capture verbatim comments for translation into scalar statements in future surveys.Design/methodology/approachA total of 25 in‐depth interviews were conducted with US seniors age 65 or older. The transcripts were analyzed using an interpretative approach.FindingsInformants distinguish between sources on the dimension of credibility; place the most trust in physicians but since they tend to experience a lack of time and attention from them, mass media seem to fill an information gap; and direct‐to‐physician promotions appear to have an indirect influence on patients' perceived credibility of and interaction with physicians.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that identification of key sources should consider two factors: frequency of access/utilization and trust in information provided by the source. The findings also provide empirically‐grounded statements for future scale development.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that for multi‐media campaign effectiveness: advertising for a new drug may be most effective on TV but as a brand enters growth or maturity, print may be a better option; marketers should emphasize print in the direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) advertising media mix; sampling strategies should be coordinated with product packaging literature and emphasized to promote trial; and marketers should attempt to increase internet usage among seniors and utilize the medium more actively but avoid online advertising.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to knowledge on the responsiveness of US seniors to DTC advertising and other prescription drug information sources.

A series of in-depth interviews was conducted to examine older adults' perceptions of the effects of direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising on themselves and others. Results give empirical voice to published survey findings and provide additional evidence to support the third-person effect in DTC advertising. Findings indicate that older adults do not perceive DTC ad effects on themselves when asked directly, but do indicate behaving in DTC-ad-expected ways in particular situations. The informants also perceived different types of DTC ad effects on others and themselves. In addition, the interview data suggest that older consumers' frustration toward individual DTC ads – despite positive perceptions toward the general idea of DTC advertising – operate behind denial of DTC ad effects on self. Both cognitive and motivational explanations can be applied to understand why older adults make these types of attributions in the context of third-person DTC ad effects.

In this paper, we present results of a survey designed to (1) explore older consumers' perceptions of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising effects on themselves and others; (2) determine how those perceptions are influenced by respondent characteristics; and (3) examine how self/other effect perceptions are related to ad-prompted behaviors. The results provide evidence to support the operation of the third-person effect in DTC advertising. Findings indicate that (1) older consumers believe that DTC advertising exerts its greatest influence on "them," "not me"; (2) older consumers' third-person perceptions of DTC ad effects are multidimensional, and different effect dimensions show different magnitudes of the third-person effect; and (3) the third-person effect in DTC advertising is influenced by receiver-specific characteristics and predicts behavior following DTC ad exposure better than demographics and other receiver-specific variables. The study's findings extend several streams of research, including ...