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In this paper, the authors have explained a time limited travelling salesman problem (TSP) where a time limit is associated with each city. The traveller must reach each city on or before the predetermined time limit (that is fixed for each city) in his/her tour. Travel cost is also a parameter for the proposed model. This time limit indicates the maximum time unit by which the traveller must reach a particular city. Here, travel cost is the objective of the problem. Moreover, total travel time is also fixed for a complete tour. This research recently introduced this time limit for each of the cities. The proposed TSP is solved by using a genetic algorithm-based method. The cyclic crossover and special mutation operations have been adapted to GA for solving the proposed TSP. To show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, the authors have considered some benchmark instances. Then the authors redefine a few benchmark instances for the proposed TSP. Computational results with different data sets are presented.

Introduction Much attention has been given to the microbiological aspect, drug treatment, and clinical indicators of MDR-TB, but patients' QOL has remained a neglected area. In this study, we aimed to find the quality of MDRTB on various quality of life domains during the initiation of the MDR Treatment regimen. Materials & methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months at the Drug-Resistance Tuberculosis Management Centre (DR-TB Centre), of a tertiary care centre in the eastern Uttar pradesh, India. Patients with age >18 years diagnosed with MDR-TB (Multidrug resistance TB) were included in the study. The WHO QOL-BREF scale was used to assess the health-related quality of life of patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The institutional ethical review committee approved the study, and consent was taken before the participation of patients. Results A total of 157 patients were included in the study & 45.85% were dissatisfied with their condition. Social domain of WHO QOL-BREF is having the lowest mean score (28.51 ± 15.4) while psychological has high mean values (39.92 ± 6.91). There was a significant difference in the physical health domain with respect to age (p-value 0.001). Similar differences have been seen in the psychological domain regarding patient sex (p-value 0.001), smoking and alcohol within the social domain, and loss of income in the environmental domain. Conclusion The mean value of different domains of WHO QOL-BREF is low in MDR-TB patients, with social relation domain being the most affected.

Human Eye is one of the most dedicated organs. Eyes help the human beings to see the world around them. But by using the power of computer vision and machine learning, researchers are working on the way to detect human eyes and find a way to control a computer system. The authors' main idea is to work on an algorithm that will enable human beings to access any computing platform just by their eyes. The main challenge is to use eye movements to track and access a computing platform. The foremost thing is that the algorithm will work on complex images or video feed regarding any constraints on the background or any color pigment of human skin complexion or tone.

The Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET) is a special type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that provides communications among Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These UAVs can reduce human intervention to a great extent by giving numerous applications under different domains such as transportation, military, healthcare, traffic monitoring, surveillance, etc. In FANET, communication is relatively challenging due to its complex infrastructure, unspecified architecture and rapid mobility of nodes. The work embodied in this paper is focused on traffic surveillance of highways using UAVs. UAVs can help to reduce the number of accidents by sharing real-time as well as the accurate status of highways among vehicles and the control station. On the other hand, they can also be used to track specific vehicles on the road. In FANET, both routing protocols and mobility models play a crucial role in the process of information exchange. In this paper, the comparison and performance evaluation of two well-known reactive routing protocols viz. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) have been carried out using highway mobility model for traffic surveillance in FANET environment. Implementation of both protocols has been tested on several traffic patterns, mobility and varying network loads. Both AODV and DSR enable significant performance variations; however, they share on-demand behavior. Packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay, normalized routing load, packet loss, routing overhead and throughput are used to analyze the performance of both protocols. Based on experimental analysis using NS-2 under constant bit rate (CBR) and TCP traffic sources, it can be stated that AODV outperforms DSR in almost every aspect.

Microscopic polyangiitis is a small vessel vasculitis, associated with myeloperoxidaseantineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. It rarely occurs in children. Central nervous system involvement in pediatric microscopic polyangiitis is not a well known entity with perhaps only five cases till date. We hereby present a 14-year-old girl with arthralgia, seizure, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, interstitial lung disease secondary to recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and high titers of MPO-ANCA, hence diagnostic of microscopic polyangiitis. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed diffuse parenchymal involvement which resolved at six months with development of new foci of microhemorrhages in different stages of evolution, reminiscent of vasculitis.

To determine sexual dysfunctions and urinary symptoms in male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and their association with various disease and patient factors.In this prospective case control study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institution, 100 males with AS were compared to 100 controls using International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a global question for overall relationship with their partners. Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), visual analogue scale pain scores, patient global assessment scale and Bath AS Disease Activity Index were also assessed in the AS group. Chi-square test, unpaired t-test and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.Anxiety, depression, erectile dysfunction (ED), orgasmic dysfunction, intercourse dissatisfaction, overall sexual dissatisfaction, altered overall relationship with partner and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were significantly (P0.05) higher in the AS group as compared to controls. Sexual desire, severe LUTS and bothersome LUTS (quality of life score2) were not different (P = 0.76, 0.82 and 0.30 respectively) between the two groups. ED was associated with anxiety, depression, longer disease duration, higher BASFI and higher age in AS patients (P = 0.02, 0.001, 0.02, 0.003 and 0.001 respectively).AS is associated with higher incidence of sexual dysfunction in male patients. ED is associated with anxiety, depression, longer duration of disease, higher BASFI score and higher age in AS patients.

Multicore architecture of CPU is popular because of its performance; the challenge for the Multicore environment are-writing the effective code that can exploit the parallelism, measuring the performance in terms of CPU individual core utilization. The effective code using multithreading (parallel code) leads to performance speedup. Various multithreading applications are getting developed now days to utilize the CPU cores. In this paper, tools are developed, one by using C# console viz. application for measuring the performance of the CPU cores individually. Performance is measured in terms of load on each core in percentage. Second tool is designed using windows C# viz. application for plotting the graph with respect to time of CPU load in percentage. By both the tools performance is measured while quicksort is getting executed in the serial and parallel for a large number of data elements. Experiment is done on dual core and quad core CPU and results are stored in the table. Comparison graphs are drawn for running time of quicksort as well as CPU individual core utilization. The result shows parallel version of quicksort better utilize the CPU individual cores compared to its sequential version. It exploits more parallelism that leads the better CPU utilization.

An t 86 standard operating system compliant System-on-Chip (SoC) with a dual core ATOM processor and a custom interconnect fabric to enable modular design is presented. The 32 nm SoC includes integrated PCI-e Gen 2, DDR3, legacy I/O, voltage regulators, clock generation, power management, memory controller and RF portion of a WiFi transceiver in a 32 nm high-k/metal-gate RF CMOS process with high resistivity substrate. The integrated RF transceiver for 2.4 GHz 802.11g operation achieves a receive sensitivity of -74 dBm, -8 dBm IIP3 and a transmit output power of 20.3 dBm (-25 dB EVM) at 14% TX RF efficiency.

Genetic variability and relationships among 21 genotypes of tomato were analyzed using PCR-based molecular markers. A total of 25 random decamer oligonucleotide primers were examined to generate RAPD profiles. Out of these, reproducible patterns were obtained with 15 primers. A total of 72 amplicons were obtained, out of which all were polymorphic and seven were unique bands. In case of SSR studies, however, nine primers were used and total number of amplicons obtained were 33 with three unique bands. The percentage of total polymorphism across genotypes was 100% in both RAPD and SSR studies. Genetic similarity matrix, based on Jaccard's coefficients, ranged from 3.85% to 73.17% indicating a wide genetic base. Dendrogram was constructed by using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages method. The study showed the importance of RAPD and SSR markers for genetic analysis and indicated a considerable amount of genetic diversity among the different studied genotypes of tomato.

The 16-way set associative, single-ported 16-MB cache for the Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 7100 Series uses a 0.624 mum2 cell in a 65-nm 8-metal technology. Low power techniques are implemented in the L3 cache to minimize both leakage and dynamic power. Sleep transistors are used in the SRAM array and peripherals, reducing the cache leakage by more than 2X. Only 0.8% of the cache is powered up for a cache access. Dynamic cache line disable (Intel Cache Safe Technology) with a history buffer protects the cache from latent defects and infant mortality failures

Spinal intramedullary tuberculomas (SIMT) are rare. They are usually secondary to hematogenous dissemination. It is unusual for SIMT to present predominantly as chronic backache to the rheumatologist. A 22-year-old woman presented with a history of insidious-onset, progressive, dull, low backache of 8-month duration. It was worse at night and poorly responsive to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis were unrevealing. She had developed …

This paper presents a novel image coding scheme based on optimal filter design for subband coding followed by vector quantization. A generalized perfect reconstruction subband filter system is proposed in which constraints on filter coefficients have been removed so that optimal filter bank which is more effective for subband coding can be designed. A filter design criteria based on an upper bound on the entropy of the decomposed subimage is proposed. This upper bound is obtained by assuming that the probability density function of the pixel values of the image is Gaussian. An explicit function of this bound in terms of the filter response is derived. The optimal filter is designed by minimization of the bound with respect to the filter response using the steepest descent algorithm. The decomposed subimages are coded using vector quantization with varying bit allocation strategy, followed by lossless coding for further data compression. A significant compression ratio of 42:1 with image quality superior to that by JPEG is achieved. Computer simulation results using real images are presented and compared with other existing algorithms.

Embedded PC applications are growing, driven by their cost, performance and software compatibility. The SoC described in this work is a unique device designed for rapid integration and customization for specific market segments. A rich multi-source IP eco-system consisting of standardized interfaces, modular and configurable building blocks, enables automation and fast execution to deliver a broad range of targeted solutions. Integrating high-performance digital circuits with analog and RF circuits on a leading edge process enables our SoC architecture to increase the level of integration, performance and reduce the cost of the platform. WiFi has remained an external PC component due to the challenges of managing system noise from the digital circuits. This paper presents an integrated standard x86 OS compliant, dual-core ATOM® processor-based SoC, including the RF WiFi to drive down platform cost. Key enabling features are: (a) a 32nm RF process with HV transistors and RF passives; (b) an on-chip interconnect fabric for modularity; (c) a clock generator with SSC to reduce substrate noise injection and EMI; (d) voltage regulators for power management and rail reduction; (e) an 802.11b/g RF WiFi transceiver with integrated LNA, PA, T/R switch and BIST/calibration engine.

Plant regeneration studies were carried out using leaf and petiole explants on forty dif-ferent combinations and concentrations of TDZ i. e. TDZ, TDZ+IAA, TDZ+NAA and TDZ+Adenine. Among the forty combinations tried, the high percent shoot regeneration was observed in peti-ole explants (76%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.22mg/l TDZ whereas in case of leaf ex-plants only 44% shoot regeneration was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.77mg/l TDZ+ 0.087 mg/l IAA. For root regener-ation the in vitro regenerated shoots were cul-tured on MS medium containing different con-centration of IAA and NAA. Hundred percent root regeneration was observed on the MS medi-um supplemented with 0.05mg/l and 0.20mg/l NAA respectively. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the pots containing cocopeat and acclimatized. The regenerated plantlets were morphologically similar. An efficient and repro-ducible plant regeneration protocol has been standardized in cauliflower cv. Pusa Snowball K-1 and is being used for Agrobacterium- mediated cry1Aa gene transfer studies.

The 16-way set associative, single-ported 16MB cache for the dual-core Xeonreg processor uses a 0.624mum2 cell in a 65nm 8-metal technology. Only 0.8% of the cache is powered up for an access. Sleep transistors are used in the SRAM array and peripherals. Dynamic Pellston with a history buffer protects the cache from latent defects and infant mortality failures

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can present with various spinal complications due to ligamentous calcifications, fractures and extradural compression. However, syringomyelia is a rare association in patients of AS. It is also unusual for a patient to present with two forms of arthropathies due to different aetiologies at one point of time. A 30-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of inflammatory back pain, enthesitis and with a history of peripheral arthritis since 1 year. A diagnosis of AS was carried out with the presence of inflammatory back pain, limited lumbar flexion and bilateral grade 3 sacroiliitis on pelvic radiography (not shown). He had a history of being treated with steroids and sulfasalazine with partial relief. On enquiry for his predominant hand wasting, he revealed having tingling sensation in the left-upper limb followed by right-upper limb since 2 years. He also noticed thinning of hand muscles with weakness in hand grip (left>right) since last 6 months. On examination his modified Schobers's test and chest expansion test were limited to 3.5 and 4.2 cm, respectively. The peripheral swollen joint count was 12. He also …

Publisher Summary Texture is a surface feature that is utilized implicitly in human visual perception. Texture can be described in three aspects—visual, constructional, and informational. Visual aspect concerns the perceptual features, such as fineness, coarseness, line-likeness, blob-likeness, roughness, smooth, and so on. The constructional aspect provides notions of the “makeup” of the texture—that is, texture patterns, which are also referred to as texture primitives. The third aspect of texture relates to the statistical and structural information in the global sense. This chapter focuses on the representational aspects for the purpose of classification of homogeneous classes of textures. Reconstruction of a textured image is an entirely different research challenge. The proposed representational scheme is based on feature frequency matrices (FFM). These matrices capture the frequency of occurrence of joint feature properties. They are statistical descriptions of certain feature properties of a texture. Information in a texture image is resolution dependent, as well as the feature frequency matrices. Therefore, for a given texture image, a set of FFM is able to capture various aspects of the statistical, structural, global, and local properties. The chapter presents a brief overview on the current state of the art in texture representation.