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In recent years, high energy costs, increases in carbon emissions, and concerns about energy supply security have led countries to prioritize renewable energy sources in their sustainable energy policies. The selection and ranking of alternative renewable energy sources is a critical issue in establishing an effective energy policy and ensuring environmental improvement at the national and global levels. This study evaluates Turkey's best renewable energy options using the institutional fuzzy assessment based on distance to mean solution (IF-EDAS) method and aims to find Turkey's best renewable energy alternative. The decision model alternatively uses wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, wave, hydroelectric, and hydrogen energy options. According to the study's empirical findings, while the best alternative renewable energy source for Turkey is solar energy, the best criterion in terms of criteria evaluation is "Technology Maturity". The study also carried out sensitivity analysis, and the results were shared., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Along with the growth and globalization of the whole world economy since the First Industrial Revolution, the production and use of fossil fuels have led to increased CO 2 emissions and, ultimately, significant environmental degradation. The impact of globalization, economic growth, and renewable energy sources on CO 2 may show trends with different turning points in developing countries, and estimations may need to follow Fourier-type functions to capture the frequency domain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of renewable energy production, economic globalization, and economic growth on CO 2 emissions for Turkey in the period 1971-2006 with Fourier autoregressive distribution lag (ADL) cointegration, DOLS, and Fourier-Granger causality tests. The originality of this study is the estimation of a model of CO 2 emissions with a Fourier-type function for the first time. The findings indicate a negative relationship between renewable energy production and CO 2 emissions and a positive relationship between economic globalization and economic growth and CO 2 emissions. In addition, according to the empirical results, there exists a one-way causality relationship between economic globalization to CO 2 and economic globalization to renewable energy production, and there is evidence of a bidirectional causality relationship between economic globalization and economic growth in this study., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This paper examines the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth using panel data consisting low and high-income countries. Using dynamic panel data methodology, we analyze twenty five high-income and nineteen low-income economies for the periods of 1995-2012 and 1997-2009, respectively. We find reciprocal relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the short run and one-way causality from economic growth to public health expenditure in the long-run. In high-income countries, there is a two-way causality for both private and public health expenditures in the short-run, while in the long-run there is a one-way causality between economic growth and private health expenditures. The crucial finding of this study is that private health expenditures have negative influence on economic growth while public health expenditures have both negative and statistically significant effect.