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Soccer, one of the most popular sports in the world, has one of the highest rates of sports-related concussions. Additionally, soccer players are frequently exposed to nonconcussive impacts from intentionally heading the ball, a fundamental component of the sport. There have been many studies on head impact exposure in soccer, but few focus on soccer practices or practice activities. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and magnitude of head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer practice activities using a custom-fit instrumented mouthpiece. Sixteen players were instrumented over the course of 54 practice sessions. Video analysis was performed to verify all mouthpiece-recorded events and classify practice activities. Category groupings of practice activities include technical training, team interaction, set pieces, position-specific, and other. Differences in head impact rates and peak resultant kinematics were observed across activity types and category groupings. Technical training had the highest impact rate compared to other category groupings. Impacts occurring during set piece activities had the highest mean kinematic values. Understanding drill exposure can help inform coaches on training plans aimed to reduce head impact exposure for their athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mastery of skills by field tennis players is very important. To master the skills, novice players must practice a lot. In the training process, the right training method is needed so that beginner players can master mastery of field tennis skills such as drive strokes. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training methods with hand-eye coordination in improving field tennis drive skills. This study used an experimental method with a 2x3 factorial research design. This study used a purposive sampling technique, so the number of subjects obtained was 60. The research instrument used the Dyer tennis test to determine the skill of field tennis drive shots. Analysis of research data Data analysis in this study used a prerequisite test with Sig> α0.05 and hypothesis testing using the two-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the sig value was 0.004

The coaching and performance context in women's rugby is not well understood, despite growing popularity worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes and tackle training practices of women's rugby coaches in relation to tackle safety and performance. A globally distributed online survey exploring coaches' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tackling women's rugby was completed by 357 coaches (mean age 41 ± 0.6 years) from 58 countries. The cross-sectional survey was distributed from March 2023 to June 2023. Survey development was guided by the Health Action Process Approach and informed by coaching experts, research evidence synthesis, and guidelines for international tackle safety programmes. Coaches believed that the risk of tackle injury in women's rugby is high and that proper tackle technique for safety is very important. More than 75% of coaches had never completed a tackle-specific training course, with only 39% aware of the availability of such courses. Time spent on controlled-contact and full-contact activities varied from 0 to 40+ min per week, averaging 10–20 min for both types of training. Barriers to the effectiveness of tackle training related to sociocultural factors, coach knowledge gaps, training environments, and player training considerations. Coach education, improved infrastructures, and physical development were ranked the highest priorities for improving tackle safety and performance. These findings inform future implementation strategies for tackle safety and performance in the context of women's rugby, highlighting the need to involve coaches in providing practical solutions, and the role of education and institutional/organisational support in facilitating such improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching English Through Games presents playing in the classroom and its benefits, types of games. Methodology is divided in five parts. Objective and hypothesis, states that primary school children can improve their English competence if their teacher uses games in teaching. Research description, presents the period, the participants and the method of the research. Data collection – investigative instruments, presents the way in which data were gathered, a series of observations, interviews and a questionnaire for assessing students` perception of learning English through games (see Appendix 1). Data processing and data interpretation, shows how data collected through observation, the above mentioned questionnaire and interviews were analysed. Results show that most primary school students learn best if their teacher uses games in the English lessons. This research shows that games are very useful for helping students develop their language skills. Teaching English through games is one of the most effective methods in primary school.

The return-to-play process' characteristics can vary by injury and sport type but are typically composed of phases of different durations, training targets, and intensities that gradually increase the physiological and mechanical load. In team sports, contact drills are a necessary part of the last phases of this process, and they should be planned using the optimal mechanical load. The present study investigated the external load and kinetic recovery in U19 soccer players performing 6vs6 and 3vs3 small-sided games. A global positioning system (GPS) measured external load metrics. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered at the end. Total quality of recovery (TQR) was collected at the beginning of the training session and after 24 h. Moreover, before and after the small-sided games (SSGs) and at 24 h, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the legs, sprinting time, and vertical jump height (CMJ) were collected. 6vs6 presented higher values in total distance low-, moderate-, high, and very-high-speed distance, and maximum speed (p < 0.05). However, 3vs3 showed higher number of sprints, acceleration, and deceleration at different intensities. Furthermore, no difference was shown in RPE. The effect of fatigue on sprint seems greater for 6vs6, showing an impairment persistent at 24 h (p < 0.05). Moreover, CMJ height was impaired after 6vs6 and at 24 h (p < 0.05) but did not change after 3vs3 (p > 0.05). DOMS values after SSGs and at 24 h were higher than baseline for both conditions (p < 0.05), while TQR decreased at 24 h in both conditions (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it seems that 6vs6, leading to a greater high-speed running distance, might cause a training load that needs more time to recover. This point may be crucial in a return-to-play process, especially when hamstring muscles are involved.

The return-to-play process' characteristics can vary by injury and sport type but are typically composed of phases of different durations, training targets, and intensities that gradually increase the physiological and mechanical load. In team sports, contact drills are a necessary part of the last phases of this process, and they should be planned using the optimal mechanical load. The present study investigated the external load and kinetic recovery in U19 soccer players performing 6vs6 and 3vs3 small-sided games. A global positioning system (GPS) measured external load metrics. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered at the end. Total quality of recovery (TQR) was collected at the beginning of the training session and after 24 h. Moreover, before and after the small-sided games (SSGs) and at 24 h, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the legs, sprinting time, and vertical jump height (CMJ) were collected. 6vs6 presented higher values in total distance low-, moderate-, high, and very-high-speed distance, and maximum speed (p < 0.05). However, 3vs3 showed higher number of sprints, acceleration, and deceleration at different intensities. Furthermore, no difference was shown in RPE. The effect of fatigue on sprint seems greater for 6vs6, showing an impairment persistent at 24 h (p < 0.05). Moreover, CMJ height was impaired after 6vs6 and at 24 h (p < 0.05) but did not change after 3vs3 (p > 0.05). DOMS values after SSGs and at 24 h were higher than baseline for both conditions (p < 0.05), while TQR decreased at 24 h in both conditions (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it seems that 6vs6, leading to a greater high-speed running distance, might cause a training load that needs more time to recover. This point may be crucial in a return-to-play process, especially when hamstring muscles are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency care in the primary health care setting is often sub-optimal leading to physician stress and adverse patient outcomes. Formal training opportunities in the management of emergency management are limited in public-sector facilities. Two family physicians conducted emergency simulation drills at primary health care facilities to address this need. The multi-disciplinary team at these facilities were involved, and each drill was followed by reflection and feedback. The drill evolved over an 18 month period, and the simulations as well as the feedback process were reviewed and improved. Reported benefits included improved skills and confidence, teamwork and sharing of information. Staff appreciated the support and the opportunity to review emergency equipment and drugs. Recommendations based on the experience gained and the outcomes of the simulation training include that the feedback is just as important as the simulations and that clinicians need to be trained in order to facilitate simulations successfully.

The purpose of the paper is to show how technology can be used to make attractive the learning of a foreign language. Social media posts about vocabulary in various foreign languages, for instance, as well as short conversational phrases, could be used to replace the traditional drill types of exercises. Videos that are present could be used to replace the traditional listening exercises. The social media posts could be used as additional material to what is used during class. It is assumed that social media is part of students’ lifestyle, and that learning foreign languages is adapted to modern life.

Extensive research has led to evidence-based methodological recommendations for appropriate prescription and implementation of different training drills to improve the physical performance of professional soccer players, while also pointing out limitations of drills. Less is known about the current methods used in an ecological context and the extent to which evidence-based considerations are applied. Knowledge of current practices might also enable to identify pitfalls in successful implementation and/or deficiencies in the communication of scientific knowledge. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the load that players experience in an ecological context during drills that are frequently used, and in which there is an intention to improve the players' physical capacities. Therefore, a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted over a 14-month period, analyzing 9 load measures during training drills of 39 players of a team competing in the highest Swiss league. The load experienced by players was statistically significant different between the assessed drill categories for each load measure (all p < .001). This indicates different drills provide different stimuli. HIIT drills proved to be a more powerful tool of getting players to cover distances at high-speed and to spend time at an intensity ≥90% HRmax compared to sided games. The sprint distance of players was very low in all sided games and in most cases also in HIIT drills, in the latter the players also hardly performed any deceleration. In small goal-oriented sided games, players covered a greater distance per minute when outside floaters were present. Particularly regarding an improvement of the players' aerobic capacity, the present data emphasize the relevance for coaches to ensure an appropriate exposure. In general, the importance of individual load management in professional soccer is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on interviews/conversations by the second author with Peter Green, this stimulus article is presented as a collection of anecdotes and short stories in the style of the best-selling 'Harvey Penick's Little Red Book'. It captures the golf coaching knowledge, with its jargon and lingo, of the legendary John Jacobs who had a strong influence on the philosophy and methods of arguably the three most famous golf coaches in the last 30 years (Hank Haney, Butch Harmon and David Leadbetter). Green spent more time learning directly from Jacobs than any other golf coach. Working both with Jacobs and on his own, Green has helped not only some of the greatest golfers in history, but also tens of thousands of golfers who play for fun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research has led to evidence-based methodological recommendations for appropriate prescription and implementation of different training drills to improve the physical performance of professional soccer players, while also pointing out limitations of drills. Less is known about the current methods used in an ecological context and the extent to which evidence-based considerations are applied. Knowledge of current practices might also enable to identify pitfalls in successful implementation and/or deficiencies in the communication of scientific knowledge. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the load that players experience in an ecological context during drills that are frequently used, and in which there is an intention to improve the players’ physical capacities. Therefore, a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted over a 14-month period, analyzing 9 load measures during training drills of 39 players of a team competing in the highest Swiss league. The load experienced by players was statistically significant different between the assessed drill categories for each load measure (all p < .001). This indicates different drills provide different stimuli. HIIT drills proved to be a more powerful tool of getting players to cover distances at high-speed and to spend time at an intensity ≥90% HRmax compared to sided games. The sprint distance of players was very low in all sided games and in most cases also in HIIT drills, in the latter the players also hardly performed any deceleration. In small goal-oriented sided games, players covered a greater distance per minute when outside floaters were present. Particularly regarding an improvement of the players’ aerobic capacity, the present data emphasize the relevance for coaches to ensure an appropriate exposure. In general, the importance of individual load management in professional soccer is highlighted.

The cutting of titanium alloys is considered. Measured are proposed for improving the machining of these alloys. Decrease in the vibrational amplitude of the system consisting of the machine tool, attachment, tool, and workpiece in cutting may significantly improve the machining of such alloys. Methods are outlined for improving the vibrational stability of this system, the machining precision, and the tool life in thread cutting by taps and in boring: specifically, the tool–workpiece contact area in the cutting zone may be decreased; and the strength and rigidity of the tool may be increased. The first method is fundamental in increasing tool life and improving hole machining. On that basis, highly efficient and patented designs have been developed for taps and associated equipment and for drills. Test results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rugby is a contact sport that alternates fast attacks with submaximal intervals of exercises such as walking and jogging. Very complex, high-intensity training programs such as running and specific competitions such as tackles, mauls, rucks and scrums. The research design used a pre-experiment because this study used a sample of 20, and the control group was not randomly selected. This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Based on the results of the research and discussion that has been presented regarding the data on the effect of rugby drills training on playing skills, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the pre-test and post-test on exercises training on rugby 7's playing skills.

Resumen En la enseñanza y en el aprendizaje del portugués y del español, persisten múltiples errores o “fosilizaciones” (Selinker, 1971), que denotan una “transferencia negativa” de la Lengua Materna (Martínez Agudo, 2004) [O L1]. Existen dificultades añadidas debido, entre otros, al “mito de la facilidad” (Almeida Filho, citado en Alonso Rey, 2005), lo que requiere adaptaciones didácticas que minimicen esa interferencia. Con la llegada de los enfoques comunicativos, la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la gramática fueron despreciados y, con ello, rechazados los drills como herramientas didácticas (Mira & Mira, 2002). Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes (López García, 2016; Sánchez Carrón, 2015) sugieren una revisión crítica de esos enfoques, recomendando una colaboración entre modelos. En esta línea investigativa nos ubicamos, dando a conocer la importancia del uso programado de drills para mejorar la subcompetencia lingüística de los alumnos de una Lengua Extranjera [OL2], paliando las interferencias de su L1. Los resultados de nuestra investigación empírica permiten recomendar el uso planificado de drills, abogando por su recuperación en el campo de la didáctica de las lenguas, en el seno de un enfoque comunicativo de enseñanza y aprendizaje de una LE. Abstract In the teaching-learning of Portuguese and Spanish, multiple errors persist or "fossilizations" (Selinker, 1971), suggesting "negative transfer" of the L1 (Martínez Agudo, 2004) [O L1]. We acknowledge its increasing difficulties, arising from, among other factors, the "myth of ease" (Almeida Filho, cited in Alonso Rey, 2005), thus requiring didactic adaptations that may minimize such interference. With the advent of the communicative approach, the teaching-learning of grammar was neglected and, with it, drills were discarded as didactic tools (Mira & Mira, 2002). However, recent research (López García, 2016; Sánchez Carrón, 2015) suggests a critical revision of communicative approaches, recommending a collaboration between models. This article is inscribed in this research line, revealing the importance of the programmed use of drills to improve the linguistic subcompetence of students of a Foreign Language (Target Language [OL2],), mitigating the interferences of their L1. The results of our empirical investigation allow us to recommend the programmed use of drills and advocates their recovery in the field of Language Teaching, within a communicative approach to a Foreign Language teaching-learning process.

The purpose of the paper is to show how technology can be used to make attractive the learning of a foreign language. Social media posts about vocabulary in various foreign languages, for instance, as well as short conversational phrases, could be used to replace the traditional drill types of exercises. Videos that are present could be used to replace the traditional listening exercises. The social media posts could be used as additional material to what is used during class. It is assumed that social media is part of students’ lifestyle, and that learning foreign languages is adapted to modern life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a brief historical review of the second language teaching profession's relationship with first- and second-year textbooks, this article examines the treatment of language practice activities as found in beginning post-secondary French eBooks, as well as their accompanying electronic workbooks and online learning platform practice. Using Aski's 2003 typology, five post-secondary eBooks and accompanying electronic practice are reviewed in order to examine their use of mechanical drills, meaningful drills, communicative drills, and communicative practice. Two structures were targeted for review across all formats. Electronic workbook and learning platform practice was found to be both more mechanical in nature and more drill-focused than what has been recommended in the literature. Electronic workbook and online learning platform practice was also found to be more mechanical than the corresponding eBook activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at investigating differences in heat generation and bone architecture following four different implant site preparation techniques: compressive osteotomes, conventional drills, osseodensification (OD mode with osseodensification drills), and piezoelectric systems. Porcine rib bones were used as a model for implant surgery. Thermocouples were employed to measure temperature changes, and micro-CT to assess the bone architecture. The primary stability and insertion torque values of the implants placed in the differently prepared sites were assessed. The temperature changes were higher with Piezo. The average primary stability using the ISQ scale was the greatest for drills (76.17 ± 0.90) and the lowest for osteotomes (71.50 ± 11.09). Insertion torque was significantly higher with the osseodensification method (71.67 ± 7.99 Ncm) in comparison to drills, osteotomes, and piezo. Osteotomes showed the highest bone to implant contact percentage (39.83 ± 3.14%) and average trabecular number (2.02 ± 0.21 per mm), while drills exhibited the lowest (30.73 ± 1.65%; 1.37 ± 0.34 per mm). Total implant site bone volume was the highest with osseodensification (37.26 ± 4.13mm3) and the lowest for osteotomes (33.84 ± 3.84mm3). Statistical analysis showed a high primary stability and decrease in temperature during implant site preparation with osseodensification technique. The results support the use of osseodensification technique for implant site preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostrich eggshell beads (OES) are commonly found in forager sites across sub-Saharan Africa. Although they have received a reasonable amount of investigation, the drilling technology used to perforate OES beads has received little attention. As a result, not much is known about this technology. Providing a basic tool form for these drills could be useful for future researchers to identify such tools in assemblages, or to prompt revisiting older assemblages to identify these types of tools, which might have been overlooked or misidentified. This study made use of experimentation and use-wear to determine the types and shapes of materials most effective for perforating OES. It was determined that early foragers most likely used micro-lithic drills made from small, but thick, flake blanks that were retouched along the laterals to create a near symmetrical point with a tetrahedral tip. At Little Muck Shelter the base of the flake was also shaped to resemble a tang that likely aided hafting. This tool form can act as a basis to help researchers identify similar technology which can be studied and help broaden our understanding of the complexity of forager technology. • Materials used for drilling ostrich eggshell (OES). • Shapes of drill tips used for OES drilling. • Microlithic drill tool type. • Drills used at Little Muck Shelter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To date, the relationship between footstrike pattern and performance, as well as with injury incidence in endurance running remains unclear. For these reasons, it is currently not recommended to modify footstrike pattern in an uninjured long-distance runner. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether athletic coaches apply these current scientific recommendations with their endurance runners on the field. Methods: A Delphi method study was used to develop an online survey that was administered to French-speaking athletic coaches in Belgium. The survey comprised three sections: 1) coaches' profile, 2) coaches' perception of footstrike patterns, 3) practices pertaining to footstrike patterns. Results: One hundred and fourteen respondents completed the entire questionnaire. Ninety-six (84%) athletic coaches reported modifying the footstrike pattern of their endurance runners. They reported that they modify their runners' rearfoot and forefoot strike more often than a midfoot strike (P < 0.0001) to prevent injury (83%) and to improve performance (66%). According to them, midfoot strike is considered as the best landing pattern for endurance performance (47%) and injury prevention (36%) whereas rearfoot strike is considered as the worst (respectively, 50% and 52%). Summary and conclusion: This study highlights the disparities between scientific recommendations and athletic coaches' field practices for modifying footstrike patterns in endurance runners. Contrary to current scientific literature recommendations, a large proportion of coaches modify the natural footstrike pattern of their endurance runners towards a midfoot strike pattern to improve performance and prevent injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific football training enhance the football players physical fitness. Thus, the purpose of this study to assess the contributions of 12 weeks passing, receiving and dribbling drills to agility of Jimma University Under-13 female football trainees. Experimental research design consisting of 15 U-13 female football trainees (experimental group, EG) and other 15 U-13 female football trainees (control group, CG) was used. The subject of this study was purposively selected. Pre-and-post-test data of agility were taken from both (EG) and (CG) using Agility T-test. After pre-test, 12 weeks passing, receiving and dribbling drills were provided to the trainees, and then post-test was conducted. The data were entered into Statistical Packages for Social Sicences (SPSS) version 25. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to determine the statistical significance between pre-and-post-test of agility as the result of 12 weeks passing, receiving and dribbling drills, at 0.05. The result of this study showed that Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was statistically significant (Z = -3.408, p = .001). The study concludes that the 12 weeks passing, receiving and dribbling drills significantly contributed to post-test scores of EG's agility. The study recommends that incorporating a well designed passing, receiving and dribbling drills of 12 weeks training will maximise the agility improvement of football trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tejuelo: Didáctica de Lengua y Literatura is the property of Tejuelo. Didactica de la Lengua y la Literatura. Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In high performance tennis, different aspects like physical-conditioning, strategy-tactic, technical-biomechanical, psychology and skills acquisition have received large attention from the researchers. Nevertheless, the programming, periodization and planning of training sessions and competitions have not been as studied in depth. Coaches still use their experience, trial-error and subjective perceptions as methods of conducting these fundamental tasks. This article presents the design and validation of an instrument to control the technical and tactical training content on-court. The instrument was conceived by 9 experts and validated by 23 experienced coaches, who used on-court tennis exercises examples. The instrument is a useful tool for helping the coaches to improve the control of the on-court technical and tactical content and the tennis training session contents in high performance tennis players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During elite-level hammer throws, the vertical displacement of the centre of mass (COM) of the thrower and hammer are approximately 180° out of phase (the hammer’s COM is at its high point when the thrower’s COM is at its low point, and vice versa) prior to the hammer’s release. This out-of-phase coordination pattern contributes to the velocity of the hammer, which ultimately contributes to the distance thrown. Several drills are used to improve coordination between the thrower’s and hammer’s COM, but it is not currently known if the out-of-phase pattern is present during these drills. This study examined the relative phase between the COM of the hammer and thrower during two different rotational drills: The Double Hammer Head and Single Arm drills. Using a 12-camera motion analysis system, COM kinematics for both the hammer and thrower were examined for seven NCAA Division I throwers during the two drills. Contrary to their purported purpose, the phase angles between thrower’s and hammer’s COM were significantly different from 180° during both drills. Further research should be conducted to examine the mechanical factors of hammer throwing drills, as well as the effect such drills have when implemented within training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia–Pakistan first-ever Military Exercises Friendship-2016 (Druzhba-2016) were significant for Pakistan's internal as well as external security. These joint military exercises helped Pakistan's internal security in two ways. First, Pakistani military units benefited from Russian counter-terrorism experiences besides gaining experience exchanges through planning, training, reconnaissance, and handling of military operations against terrorism. Pakistani military units could use these modern tactics, and novel procedures in real combats against the terrorists in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA, merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in 2018), Baluchistan, and other parts of Pakistan. The Russian military personnel also benefited from the experiences of Pakistani counterparts. Second, during the joint drills, the military personnel used the modern equipment of each other which enhanced their knowledge of advanced arms. Thus, Pakistan could acquire new arms from Russia and subsequently use the equipment against militant groups which posed a threat to Pakistan's internal security. Moreover, Friendship 2016 has implications for Pakistan's external security in four ways. First, it helped Pakistan in preparedness to counter the threats of Islamic State from Afghanistan. Second, the exercises contributed towards de-escalation of India–Pakistan tension after the Uri attack besides it foiled the Indian attempts to isolate Pakistan on the pretext of terrorism in Kashmir. Furthermore, Russia seems convinced that some extra-regional powers were involved in disrupting Pakistan–India relations through the acts of terrorism. Third, it served as a counterweight to the US alienation from Pakistan, and finally it enhanced the prospects of Russia–Pakistan military technical cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed to investigation of four different PVD coatings of STATON company in order to determine a wear behavior on twist drills when drilling C45 material. A pearliteferrite structure of C45 material is common material for automotive industry and highly abrasive to cutting tools. Our comparative study is focused on flank wear of the cutting wedge of observed drills deposited at STATON. The article shows differences in chemical composition and their effects on wear behavior at the corner of the drill and along the cutting edge. We also demonstrate that chemical composition has significant influence on the temperature of a build-up edge during cutting [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tsunami evacuation drills are helpful tools aimed at reinforcing procedures and practices to reduce disaster risk, especially for vulnerable populations like school-age children. While the predictive value of evacuation drill data has been pointed out, challenges exist in enhancing the scientific examination of this information, with the final aim of improving proactive preparedness and scenario-based evacuation strategies. We address this gap by delivering a mixed-method approach that combines ground-collected data and tsunami and evacuation computer-based modelling, using as a case study the evacuation drill performance of four K-12 schools in the cities of Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile. Our main objective was to critically assess the efficacy of the drill-based evacuation procedures of the schools by comparing them in the light of a likely worst-case tsunami scenario (based on historical data from the 1730 event) in these areas. Our findings show that, although a large number of evacuees from the schools could rapidly achieve evacuation to safe locations, complete evacuation (that is, 100% of evacuees reaching the shelter) is only achievable if the Evacuation Onset Times (i.e. the time, relative to the earthquake, of the first evacuee departing from the school) are shorter than demanding threshold values (between 4 and 14 min), as the result of the tsunami’s short arrival time and rapid inland penetration. Hence, we suggest complementing existing national-level protocols with a more detailed, case-by-case management approach, comprising a more precise tsunami inundation modelling and a focus on the characteristics of each of the schools (relative to the student body composition such as age and others, the staff, and the geomorphological conditions of its location). Moreover, we suggest that tsunami evacuation drills in Chile pose significant research opportunities yet to be fully grasped.

Objective: Uttarakhand is an Indian state in the Himalayan foothills, a favored adventure destination in the country due to abundant natural beauty. However, the terrain has also conferred an increased risk of earthquakes, flash floods, and major road tragedies, resulting in as many as 8 major natural disasters in the state in the preceding 20 years. AIIMS Rishikesh, an autonomous central institute, has been entrusted to build a Level 1 Trauma Center in Uttarakhand, which would help improve the response, coordination, and hence outcome in mass casualty scenarios (MCSs). Methods: As a step toward the achievement of this larger goal, a workshop on MCS and management was conducted by the Department of Trauma Surgery in collaboration with Rambam Hospital, Haifa. We hereby present our template for conducting MCS drills in low resource settings like ours and the lessons learnt. Results: Process, logistics, limitations, workforce, scheduling, overview, and report of the MCS drill conducted are discussed hereafter. Conclusion: This template may be replicated by hospitals that intend to conduct similar MCS drills in low resource settings, realizing the real threat of MCS occurrence in our country at anytime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drilling of high-strength carbon/epoxy composites has been a critical procedure in the industry due to the need to create holes for mechanical assemblies. However, the inherent anisotropy and heterogeneity of the fibrous composites complicate the material removal process and induce tremendous challenges for the manufacturing sectors. The present paper addresses the machining issues of T700 carbon fibers reinforced epoxy laminates by using the diamond-coated brad spur drills. The cutting tools are featured by three protruding edge tips devoted to the minimization of drilling thrust forces for the composite laminates. The machining experiments were conducted under varying process conditions to investigate the parametric impacts on the machining responses. The cutting-induced delamination was studied using a novel quantification method. The work novelty is focused on revealing the machining characteristics of high-strength fibrous composites and evaluating the functionality of the specialized tools for the composite drilling. The process parameters greatly affect the drilling forces/temperatures and delamination factors. Delamination is shown to occur inside the inner plies of the composite and propagate rapidly toward the hole exit side. Moreover, surface cavities and fiber fractures dominate the failure of cut composite hole walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency care in the primary health care setting is often sub-optimal leading to physician stress and adverse patient outcomes. Formal training opportunities in the management of emergency management are limited in public-sector facilities. Two family physicians conducted emergency simulation drills at primary health care facilities to address this need. The multi-disciplinary team at these facilities were involved, and each drill was followed by reflection and feedback. The drill evolved over an 18 month period, and the simulations as well as the feedback process were reviewed and improved. Reported benefits included improved skills and confidence, teamwork and sharing of information. Staff appreciated the support and the opportunity to review emergency equipment and drugs. Recommendations based on the experience gained and the outcomes of the simulation training include that the feedback is just as important as the simulations and that clinicians need to be trained in order to facilitate simulations successfully.

This study aimed to explore the experiential knowledge and preferred training approaches of elite swimming coaches in regards to general skill development and then looking specifically at the freestyle stroke. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was employed to identify, analyse and report themes within the content of the collected data. Twenty elite swimming coaches participated in semi-structured interviews. Several themes revealed that the most common training practices employed to improve skill learning included the use of task decomposition (part-task) techniques. The findings also indicated that swimming coaches believe practice should be specific/representative to the intended performance outcomes. It is believed that such viewpoints may have been influenced by coaches' interaction with skill acquisition consultants and may have also shaped some coaches use of variants of constraints manipulation in their practice design. While swimming coaches seem to mix both traditional and contemporary skill acquisition theories in their training prescriptions, the traditional approach is dominant as evidenced by coaches seeking to reinforce "perfect" swimming technique and mechanical consistency. Considering coaches' experiential knowledge and training prescriptions may benefit future research protocols and better facilitate the transfer of empirical findings to coaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes the design and construction of a relatively small torsion stand that can perform torsion tests on different types of drills. With this stand it will be possible to perform quick tests (shear stress, buckling, torsion, elastic, plastic deformation of the drills also the break point), without removing material and then, analyzing the results in order to improve the cutting tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay is an attempt to critically discuss the assumption, whether sport can be a means to compensate social constraints in the routines of life in modern societies. The thesis is crucial for the sociological concept and translation of the German original text "Über die Deutschen" understanding of sport as considered in the work of Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning (1996). In consequence, this thesis is also relevant for the vision of Olympic sport to contribute for a more peaceful life through bodily education, sports and games. In this essay, the body culture in Germany is mainly respected. Historical research on gymnastics, sports, and games in German society and culture since about 1900 suggests that German society did indeed provide, through games and sports, and particularly for its younger members, 'sufficient opportunities for the enjoyable excitement of a struggle'. However, instead of a prospering culture of sports, the Germans descended into barbarism only a few years later when the Nazi regime came to power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates concerning active assailant protocols across American schools have grown in size and contention. While both sides of this debate have the safety and well-being of our nation's youth at heart, they are often only able to support their position with anecdotal evidence. This project seeks to bring science to the conversation and add to the limited amount of empirical research on the topic by assessing both the negative and positive psychological impacts of one multi-option based approach, ALICE, among a sample of 4th-12th grade students. Implemented through classroom, discussion-based exercises, the analyses reveal that students are generally no more fearful of ALICE than other crisis/emergency preparedness practices, particularly tornado drills and Stranger Danger discussions. Additionally, over 85% of students indicate learning about ALICE either did not change how they felt or made them feel more prepared, confident, or safe compared to approximately 1 in 10 students experiencing a negative psychological outcome. Consistent throughout the study, students reporting they were fearful of other crisis/emergency preparedness practices experienced more negative and less positive psychological outcomes after learning about ALICE. The study closes with potential policy implications on how to prepare, and not scare, students for the unthinkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental anxiety is a term used to describe fear, anxiety, or stress in a dental setting and patient specific response toward dental situation-associated stress. It can be associated with certain triggers such as needles, drills, or the dental setting in general and is a recognized problem for both the patients and dental health providers. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to investigate the subjective ratings of dental anxiety levels in dental patients among South Indian population. Results: The present study aimed to explore the sources of dental anxiety in dental patients among South Indian population. Conclusion: From the study it is evident that the development of dental anxiety could be prevented with pain control, behavior management, and consideration of patient as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate bone damage and bone repair after osteotomy for implants using conventional drills and drills powered by piezoelectric motor. Materials and methods: Twelve rabbits received a tibial osteotomy with a conventional drill (control), with a diamond like carbon drill (DLC) and with a piezoelectric drill (Piezo). The animals were euthanized immediately, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. The tibias were removed and analyzed by means of histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and microtomography. Results: The immediate damage to the tissue at the cavity margins was similar (P >.05). At 30 and 60 days, the amount of newly formed bone tissue was similar (P >.05). Osteocalcin was intense score at 60 days in Piezo group. Microtomography revealed that bone volume at 30 days (control 3.8; DLC 4.3; and Piezo 2.4) and 60 days (control 4.9; DLC 4.82; and Piezo 3.95) were similar. There was a significant difference in bone formation between 30 (2.4) and 60 days (3.95) for the Piezo group (P =.016). Conclusion: The immediate effects and repair of cavities made using conventional, DLC coated, or ultrasound drills were similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their proliferation in schools across the U.S., the impact of lockdown drills on students remains largely understudied. Despite their goal of preparing students – along with teachers and school staff – for situations like the 2018 shooting in Parkland, FL, questions have been raised in both the public and academic discourses about whether such practices achieve their desired end or instead produce fear and anxiety. To date, however, there is but one study that assesses the perceptions that students have about these drills. The present study seeks to fill such a gap by exploring how students in a large New York school district feel about their safety and preparedness in the wake of receiving instructional training and undergoing several lockdown drills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]