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An essential role played by cardiotocography (CTG), is promptly detecting non-reassuring foetal status during delivery, as these abnormal changes are a prime reason for women to undergo a caesarean section. But all abnormal changes in cardiotocography does not lead to poor outcome in terms of liquor that was meconium stained or a low APGAR score at birth. As a result, research is the need of the hour, to understand their correlation; hence, showing the benefit of CTG in the precise detection of non-reassuring foetal status is correlated from the intraoperative findings discovered later. This review article aimed to see if there was a link between perioperative findings and foetal consequences in women who had a caesarean section due to foetal condition, which was not reassuring according to cardiotocographic findings.

Yogesh Arun Dound,1 Rajesh Sehgal2 1Research and Development, Shreepad Shree Vallabh SSV Phytopharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; 2Research and Development, Pharma Instinct Pvt. Ltd, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaCorrespondence: Yogesh Arun DoundResearch and Development, Shreepad Shree Vallabh SSV Phytopharmaceuticals, 201/2, Old Kashmiri Building, R R Thakur Marg, Majaswadi, Jogeshwari, Mumbai, Mahrashtra, 400060, IndiaEmail yogesh_dound@yahoo.comBackground: Recent viral pandemics have challenged the global scientific community to immediately develop new therapies. The fastest approach to develop these is to explore natural products for their efficacies and repurposing of already approved molecules. Keeping global emergency in view, researchers at Shreepad Shree Vallabh SSV Phytopharmaceuticals developed the CurvicTM (SSV-003) formulation, comprising of curcumin, vitamin C, vitamin K2-7, selenomethionine and Zinc.Methods: Researchers have systematically studied the SSV-003 formulation for its in vitro efficacy against influenza A virus (H1N1) (ATCC® VR-219™) and human beta coronavirus (ATCC® VR1558™) using MDCK & HCT-8 cell lines, respectively, in vivo efficacy studies of SSV-003 on influenza A virus infected Balb/c mice, and acute toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.Results: Formulation SSV-003 showed potent antiviral activities against both the selected virus strains. Its IC50 was significantly lessthan ribavirin against influenza A-H1N1-VR219, with no cytopathic effect. SSV-003 showed IC50 of 2.26 μg/mL against human beta coronavirus, which was near to the IC50 of ribavirin (2.25 μg/mL) and was less than remedisivir (6.23 μg/mL) with no cytopathic effect. In-vivo studies in an influenza A virus infected mice model showed a significantly higher TCID50 value in the infected control group as compared to test groups. Animals treated with SSV-003 showed a dose dependent decrease in TCID50. Formulation SSV-003 at the dose of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/kg body weight showed 85.9%, 94.6%, and 95.1% decreases in infection as compared to the infected control group. Dose-dependent significant increases in CD4+, CD8+ counts, IgG and IgM levels were observed in SSV-003 treated groups as compared to the infected control group and remedisivir treated group. In the acute oral toxicity study, no mortality or morbidity was observed.Conclusion: The data from these preclinical studies provide strong evidence of potent and safe antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of SSV-003.Keywords: curcumin, antiviral, coronavirus, vitamin C

Objective: To investigate the combinatorial effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. plants prospective to diabetes management. Methods: Taking a lead from the scientific literature, in silico studies have also been designed for the screening of anti-diabetic targets against andrographolide and pterostilbene compounds followed by in vivo studies from Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Furthermore, the diabetes was induced by STZ model and the impact of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. have been conformed by relative expression studies by qPCR. Results: Our results have shown that andrographolide and pterostilbene are SGLT2 inhibitors and selective PPARγ agonists in in silico studies. Later, during in vivo mRNA expression studies confirming the same pattern. The findings of the study has shown to overcome the common knowledge of the only C–glycoside based molecules inhibiting the SGLT2. Conclusions: The possible mechanism for PtyroneTM in the management of diabetes could be a selective PPARγ agonist, GLUT4 translocation and SGLT2 inhibition molecule.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the cause of global pandemic Covid-19 and to date, there is no effective treatment available. The spike ‘S’ protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 of the host cell are being targeted to design new drugs to control Covid-19. Similarly, a transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 of the host cell plays a significant role in the proteolytic cleavage of viral ‘S’ protein helpful for the priming of ACE2 receptors and viral entry into human cells. However, three-dimensional structural information and the inhibition mechanism of TMPRSS2 is yet to be explored experimentally. Hence, we have used a molecular dynamics (MD) simulated homology model of TMPRSS2 to study the inhibition mechanism of experimentally known inhibitors Camostat mesylate, Nafamostat and Bromhexine hydrochloride (BHH) using molecular modeling techniques. Prior to docking, all three inhibitors were geometry optimized by semi-empirical quantum chemical RM1 method. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Camostat mesylate and its structural analogue Nafamostat interact strongly with residues His296 and Ser441 present in the catalytic triad of TMPRSS2, whereas BHH binds with Ala386 along with other residues. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stable behavior of all the docked complexes. MM-PBSA calculations also revealed the stronger binding of Camostat mesylate to TMPRSS2 active site residues as compared to Nafamostat and BHH. Thus, this structural information could be useful to understand the mechanistic approach of TMPRSS2 inhibition, which may be helpful to design new lead compounds to prevent the entry of SARS-Coronavirus 2 in human cells.

Aims and Background: The most prevalent chronic joint disease, which remains as one of the few chronic disorders of ageing is Osteoarthritis (OA). One of the predominant symptoms of OA is pain, with very little effective treatment and contributes to limitations in daily functioning. Therapy of pain due to OA includes pharmaceutical agents that need to be used in lowest possible dose to avoid adverse effects. Lot of advances have taken place in understanding the pathogenesis of OA, however, relief of pain have always remained an unfulfilled need. The anti-inflammatory property of Curcumin is mediated through the inhibition of induction of COX-2, LOX, iNOS and production of cytokines and tumor necrosis factor and activation of transcription factors like NF-κB, and AP-1. Its oral bioavailability is extremely poor. Material and Methods: In the current study, Liposomal Curcumin was administered to 30 patients suffering from pain due to OA for 30 days. The therapeutic activity was assessed by reduction in the pain severity based on NPRS Score. Results: By 30 days, there was statistically significant decrease in NPRS score. The pain reduced significantly along with decrease in weakness and fatigue. Improvement in daily physical functioning was shown by the WOMAC Arthritis Index. In 10 subjects the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)α were examined at baseline and at 30th day. There was 76% improvement in TNF-α levels and 62% improvement in IL-6 levels in these subjects. Conclusion: These results have shown for the first time in Indian population the efficacy of Liposomal Curcumin for OA Pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural significance of conformational preferences and ribose ring puckering of newly discovered hyper modified nucleotide, 5'-monophosphate 2-methylthio cyclic N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (p-ms2ct6A) have been investigated using quantum chemical semi-empirical RM1 and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Automated geometry optimization of most stable structure of p-ms2ct6A has also been carried out with the help of abinitio (HF SCF, DFT) as well as semi empirical quantum chemical (RM1, AM1, PM3, and PM6) methods. Most stable structure of p-ms2ct6A is stabilized by intramolecular interactions between N(3)...HC(2'), N(1)...HC(16), O(13)...HC(15), and O(13)...HO(14). The torsion angles alpha (α) and beta (β) show the significant characteristic patterns with the involvement of intramolecular hydrogen bonding to provide stability to the p-ms2ct6A. Further, molecular dynamics simulations of p-ms2ct6A revealed the role of ribose sugar ring puckering i.e. C2'-endo and C3'-endo on the structural dynamics of ms2ct6A side chain. The modified nucleotide p-ms2ct6A periodically prefers both the C2'-endo and C3'-endo sugar with 'anti' and 'syn' conformations. This property of p-ms2ct6A could be useful to recognize the starting ANN codons. All atom explicit MD simulation of anticodon loop (ACL) of tRNALys of Bacillus subtilis containing ms2ct6A at 37th position showed the U-turn feature, base stacking ability with other adjacent bases and hydrogen bonding interactions similar to the isolated base p-ms2ct6A. The ribose sugar puckering contributes to the orientation of the side chain conformation of p-ms2ct6A. Thus, the present study could be helpful to understand the structure-function relationship of the hypermodified nucleoside, ms2ct6A in recognition of the proper codons AAA/AAG during protein biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 outbreak is a global threat, with lack of vaccines and antiviral medicine exaggerating the issue further. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend maintenance of personal hygiene as a modality to reduce chances of infection. Yet, another way is by improving the immunity. Viral infections are depended on body’s natural defences. Authors of current paper have studied the formulation containing proprietary blend of natural ingredients viz. Curcumin, Vitamin C, and Zinc based on their individual reported activities against SARS-CoV-2’s peptide. Objective: To evaluate role of Curmune Tablets in the management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) and its tolerability in comparison with standard treatment protocol designed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW). Study design: In a randomized study, 100 patients tested positive for COVID-19 were enrolled during the month of September to December 2020 from Vakratund Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. The enrolled patients were administered either Curmune Tablets twice daily or given standard treatment protocol designed by MOHFW for 10 days. The patients were evaluated for decrease in axillary temperature; SpO2 and VAS score for cough and respiratory distress along with evaluating markers such as Interleukin-6, D-dimer, Ferritin and C Reactive Protein. Results: In the Curmune group, within two to three days, temperature reduced considerably to afebrile level in all the subjects and remained afebrile till end of study. While in the standard treatment group, temperature reduced to afebrile stage in all the subjects by 4 days and thereafter remained afebrile till the end of study. The elevated levels of serum Interleukin-6, Didimer, Ferritin and C-Reactive Protein at baseline dropped considerably within normal limits within 10 days in the Curmune group in comparison to standard treatment group. Conclusion: Curmune has shown for the first time to be useful in management of COVID-19 positive patients along with improvement in the immunity, within 48 to 36 hours of starting treatment. Curmune Tablets were well tolerated without any side effects in any of the patients treated, throughout the study duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in India. The development of a new drug of natural origin that assures safety with moderate but definite efficacy is the need of the time. Authors have developed formulation containing phytoactives from Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb and Andrographis paniculata Nees in specific proportion for the first time, as an anti-diabetic supplement which improves the glycemic control. We aim to study the effect of PtyroneTM in patients with treated uncontrolled T2DM and its safety and tolerability. Study Design: In an open labelled trial, 115 patients with T2DM were divided in three groups: Metformin, Metformin + Gliptins and Metformin + Sulphonylurea. PtyroneTM capsules were given to all the patients along with their OHA's, orally twice a day for 12 weeks. Laboratory investigations were studied at the baseline and at fixed intervals till the end of the study. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease (p value< 0.0001) in fasting and post prandial blood sugar along with triglycerides in all groups. There was reduction in levels of glycosylated haemoglobin also in all the groups. All other biochemical investigations were within normal limits. PtyroneTM capsules were well tolerated clinically and no serious adverse events were reported during the period of therapy. Conclusion: The authors have shown, for the first time, the therapeutic potential of PtyroneTM at a dose of 450 mg twice a day supplemented along with anti-diabetic medications. This therapeutic efficacy needs to be evaluated further in a larger sample size, with a placebo/active controlled randomized double blind multicentric trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin and one of the most commonly used vitamins. With increasing vitamin C intake, the plasma steady state concentration reaches a maximal level of about 70-80 μM. However, from the available literature, it appears that a daily intake of about 200-400 mg of vitamin C ensures saturation of the blood in healthy individuals. Bioavailability can be increased by various methods, such as encapsulation, micronisation, etc. VitaLip-C is a liposomal form of vitamin C, which is shown to be clinically proven and evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for the presence of liposomes. Materials and Methods: In the present study, authors have studied the relative bioavailability of VitaLip-C with the marketed formulation of vitamin C in animals. Results and Conclusion: It has been observed that VitaLip-C has 88.76% higher relative oral bioavailability in comparison to marketed formulation claiming 500 mg of vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Curcumin is a naturally derived yellow polyphenolic compound from the rhizome Curcuma longa. Curcumin modulates various signalling pathways, such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), glutathione, protein kinase C, ATPase, nuclear Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kb), Activator protein 1 (AP-1), P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP-1, MRP-2), Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (ErbB2), Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein AGP), Cyclin D1 etc. Curcumin, as a free drug, has a short plasma half-life because it is rapidly metabolised in the liver. Its oral bioavailability is extremely poor, and hence Curcumin is classified as a class IV compound in the BCS system. Materials and Methods: Authors of the current study have formulated Liposomal Curcumin and conducted a Relative Oral Bioavailability Study of Liposomal Curcumin in comparison with plain Curcumin in rats. The treatment group was given Curcumin 25% I lipo at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and the control group was given plain Curcumin 500 mg/ kg body weight of the rats. Observations: Oral administration of Liposomal Curcumin showed rapid absorption (tmax =15 min) with Peak plasma concentration (Cmax), Area under Curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2) of 42.3 ng/ml, 244 ng.h/ml and 5.5 h, respectively. In the control group, the Curcumin levels were below the level of quantitation (5.43 ng/ml). Conclusion: This study shows that Liposomal Curcumin has higher bioavailability as compared to the marketed formulations of Curcumin. Further extensive clinical studies are needed to prove efficacy of Liposomal Curcumin in various human applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide next only to water for enjoyment and health, and is available in various forms. Amongst all types of tea, Green tea is a popular drink, especially in Asian countries, although its popularity continues to spread across the globe. Various studies have been conducted since many years to understand the health benefits of Green tea which is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Green tea is composed of polyphenols, caffeine, minerals, and trace amounts of vitamins, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Green tea contains more catechins, than black tea. There are four main catechins (polyphenols) found in Green tea: (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). All of them are known to boost the immunity in humans. Amongst these ECG, EGC, and EGCG have been shown to have antimicrobial action against a variety of microbes. Catechins are in vitro and in vivo strong antioxidants. In addition, the minerals and vitamins increase the antioxidant potential of this type of tea. Since ancient times, the traditional Chinese medicine has considered Green tea as a healthy beverage. It is known that the polyphenols present in Green tea stimulate the central nervous system and maintain overall health in humans. Much research is available depicting the health benefits of Green tea for a wide variety of implications, including different types of disorders. The current paper reviews such health benefits with a focus on its polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a significant public health problem especially in developing countries like India. Humoral immunity as well as cellular immunity act to reduce infections throughout the entire respiratory tract. Literature suggests that Vitamin C possesses the anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant properties which boost the Immune system. Unfortunately, the highly unstable nature of Vitamin C has posed technological challenges for its incorporation into different food systems. We investigate the use of Liposomal Vitamin C which provides a well-tolerated, easily absorbed and highly bioavailable form of Vitamin C without any unpleasant side-effects. Material and Methods: In the current study we studied for the first time effect of Liposomal Vitamin C in children aged 4 to 12 years suffering from URTI. This study was approved by Ethics Committee and registered with CTRI. Out of 30 participants, 26 children completed the study. The scoring was based on 'The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS)' for Kids. Results: Within 4-5 days of starting of treatment with Liposomal Vitamin C, the score as indicated by the WURSS scale had reduced. The symptoms also subsided and no recurrence was observed till the end of 30 days. Conclusion: The results suggest that Liposomal Vitamin C can be useful as an adjunct in the management of URTI to improve immunity. Further study with larger sample size and suitable clinical markers is required for better understanding of the effect of Liposomal Vitamin C and its mode of action in boosting Immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an alarming increase in number of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India, Diabetes Mellitus has become a huge economic and health burden to our nation affecting people across all ages, sex, ethnicities, and races. India has a long history of using traditional remedies to treat many such diseases. Considering currents needs, there is strong need of a complementary therapy derived from plants, which can be taken along with regularly prescribed medicines for controlling the blood glucose levels in the diabetic population. Vijaysar tumbler is a common household item used for drinking water in certain rural pockets of Maharashtra. People store regular drinking water in this tumbler overnight prior to its consumption on next day. The purpose of the current study was to observe the efficacy of water stored for overnight from the Vijaysar Tumbler, in type 2 diabetic patients and its usefulness along with prescribed anti-diabetic medications. The diabetic patients started drinking one glass (approx. 100 ml) of water from this tumbler twice daily 30 minutes before their meals. Their fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels were observed at baseline and further after two months. 6 males and 4 females with age (Mean ± SD) of 45.60 ± 12.5 years, started drinking water from this tumbler. In all 10 participants there was a decrease in fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels observed within specific time. Drinking water from the Vijaysar Tumbler can be beneficial to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in controlling their blood sugar levels along with regularly prescribed anti diabetic medications. However, these findings need to be validated and further investigated using a rigorous research design with a larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]