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Background: Skin cancer is a primary health concern in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Existing research mainly stems from North America, Europe, and Australia, with limited data from Latin America. Methods: This 56‐year (1967–2023) retrospective cohort study explores skin cancer incidence in Mexican RTRs. Our objective was to assess the long‐term incidence of malignant cutaneous neoplasms in Mexican RTRs. Results: Over 56 years, 1642 RTRs (58% male) were studied. Median follow‐up was 8.4 years; median age at transplantation was 32.6 years. Skin cancer incidence was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.5–7.9), with an incidence density rate of 6.5 (95% CI: 5.4–7.9) per 1000 person‐years and a median latency of 9.8 years. Incidence increased with longer transplantation‐related immunosuppression (TRI), with a relative risk for >30 years of TRI of 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6–9.1) for any skin cancer and 7.5 (95% CI: 3.8–14.6) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC was the most common malignancy (76.1%), followed by basal cell carcinomas (BCC), with a 3.6:1 ratio. Metastatic SCC occurred in 6.5% of skin cancer patients, with a skin cancer‐related mortality rate of 2.7%. Limitations of the study include its single‐center and retrospective design and unassessed factors such as human papillomavirus infection and sun exposure. Conclusions: Our study provides unique insights into the epidemiology of skin cancer among Mexican RTRs. It constitutes the largest cohort of skin cancer cases among RTRs in Mexico and, to our knowledge, in Latin America. Despite the lack of recognition of a high skin cancer incidence in non‐White RTRs, our 6.6% incidence underscores the need to enhance surveillance programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Autosomal recessive type 2 primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHOAR2) and chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 (CEAS) are two entities caused by pathogenic variants (PVs) in the SLCO2A1 gene that can coexist or occur independently from one another. We report two cases of PHOAR2 in Mexico with concomitant CEAS and conducted a review of the literature of the reported cases of PHOAR2 and/or CEAS to analyze the relationship between their genotype and phenotype presentation. The patients from our Institution with classical PHOAR2 phenotype and CEAS, harbored SLCO2A1 c.547G > A and c.1768del variants. We reviewed 232 cases, of which 86.6% were of Asian origin, and identified 109 different variants in SLCO2A1. Intron 7, exon 13, and exon 4 were predominantly affected. The two most common PVs were c.940 + 1G > A and c.1807C > T. We found a statistically significant association between SLCO2A1 variants located in intron 7, exons 12, and 13 and the development of CEAS. Missense variants were more frequent in isolated PHOAR2, while a greater proportion of protein‐truncating variants (PTVs) were found in CEAS. Further investigation is imperative to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with CEAS, thereby facilitating the identification of effective therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of all primary cutaneous neoplasms. The majority of MCC cases (80%) are caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) clonal integration into the host genome. In the remaining 20% of cases, UV mutations are responsible, and prolonged UV exposure is a factor. Herein, we present two cases of this rare tumor: a 48-year-old female with a diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia and an elderly male previously healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pagetoid reticulosis is a clinical and histological variant of mycosis fungoides that shows epidermotropism in histology and a classic clinic with acral disease. Herein, we present two clinical cases, an 84-year-old male and a nineteen-year-old male with clinical, immunophenotype, topography, and genotype compatible with mycosis fungoides-variety pagetoid reticulosis, both showing excellent responses to radiation therapy and in clinical remission. Despite the low frequency of this type of mycosis fungoides, we should keep it in mind in our differential diagnoses since, despite its benign course, it requires different treatment options and long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pruritus is common in patients with diabetes though its pathophysiology is unknown and difficult to pinpoint given the multi‐system manifestations of diabetes. Herein, we aim to evaluate the severity of chronic itch in patients with diabetes and its association with glycaemic control, microvascular complications and quality of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 105 adults with diabetes evaluated by a dermatologist at a tertiary care centre in Mexico City. Degree of chronic pruritus and its impact on quality of life as well as laboratory, clinical and demographic data were collected. Patients without chronic pruritus (n = 62) were compared to those with chronic pruritus (n = 43). The latter cohort was further stratified by itch severity, and characteristics of their itch were quantified. Results: Neuropathy and loss of protective sensation were more common in patients with chronic pruritus, compared to those without chronic pruritus (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Anxiety and depression were more common in individuals with chronic pruritus (p = 0.009), and these group reported higher effect of pruritus on their quality of life (p < 0.0001). The most common sites of itch were the head, back and arms. Among patients with chronic itch, increasing itch severity was associated with decreasing eGFR (p = 0.080). Conclusions: The underlying cause of chronic itch in patients with diabetes is likely multifactorial and owing to microvascular complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy. Better understanding of the causes of itch in these patients can allow for more targeted treatment, leading to improved quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macular lymphocytic arteritis (MLA) is a type of indolent cutaneous vasculitis that affects small to medium-sized blood vessels. Histopathologically, it is characterized by a predominantly lymphocytic leukocytic infiltrate (unlike polyarteritis nodosa, in which neutrophils predominate) in the blood vessels of the deep dermis and superficial hypodermis. The disease mainly affects females (17:3), with a mean age of forty years. In general, this entity is considered benign with a variable clinical presentation. The importance of knowing this entity lies in the fact that the pathological findings are discordant with the clinic and an erroneous diagnosis may lead to unnecessary treatments. This vasculitis usually has a benign course and no progression to systemic disease. Herein, we present two cases of this rare vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A skin biopsy from one lesion of the scalp showed multiple ulcerated lesions. We present the case of 25-year-old man with a history of multiple sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2017. [Extracted from the article]

The dermatological manifestations of scurvy include follicular hyperkeratosis, xerosis, impaired wound healing, gingivitis, perifollicular hemorrhages, ecchymosis, and petechiae. Rarely, scurvy can present as panniculitis, small vessel vasculitis-type purpura, and palpable purpura from hemorrhage. Dermoscopy of petechiae reveals perifollicular hemorrhages and corkscrew hairs. [Extracted from the article]

Monkeypox (mpox) is caused by a zoonotic DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. Fulminant mpox is characterized by necrotizing, disseminated lesions with extracutaneous complications that may require admission to the intensive care unit. Herein, we present the case of a patient with severe mucocutaneous involvement in the setting of recently diagnosed and treated HIV. Severe manifestations of mpox may be related to immunosuppression. Currently, there is no treatment approved specifically for mpox virus infection. Medical options used for smallpox are believed to be helpful for this disease, that is, tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir, and vaccinia immune globulin. Case rate fatality ranges from 1% to 10%, yet in the current outbreak of patients that have required admission to the ICU, mortality reaches up to 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]