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1. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state.

Author

Ralph, J, Ross, J, Zylstra, A, Kritcher, A, Robey, H, Young, C, Hurricane, O, Pak, A, Callahan, D, Baker, K, Casey, D, Döppner, T, Divol, L, Hohenberger, M, Pape, S, Patel, P, Tommasini, R, Ali, S, Amendt, P, Atherton, L, Bachmann, B, Bailey, D, Benedetti, L, Berzak Hopkins, L, Betti, R, Bhandarkar, S, Biener, J, Bionta, R, Birge, N, Bond, E, Bradley, D, Braun, T, Briggs, T, Bruhn, M, Celliers, P, Chang, B, Chapman, T, Chen, H, Choate, C, Christopherson, A, Clark, D, Crippen, J, Dewald, E, Dittrich, T, Edwards, M, Farmer, W, Field, J, Fittinghoff, D, Frenje, J, Gaffney, J, Gatu Johnson, M, Glenzer, S, Grim, G, Haan, S, Hahn, K, Hall, G, Hammel, B, Harte, J, Hartouni, E, Heebner, J, Hernandez, V, Herrmann, H, Herrmann, M, Hinkel, D, Ho, D, Holder, J, Hsing, W, Huang, H, Humbird, K, Izumi, N, Jarrott, L, Jeet, J, Jones, O, Kerbel, G, Kerr, S, Khan, S, Kilkenny, J, Kim, Y, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Kong, C, Koning, J, Kroll, J, Kruse, M, Kustowski, B, Landen, O, Langer, S, Larson, D, Lemos, N, Lindl, J, Ma, T, MacDonald, M, MacGowan, B, Mackinnon, A, MacLaren, S, MacPhee, A, Marinak, M, Mariscal, D, Marley, E, and Masse, L

Abstract

Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1. Analysis shows that including these three corrections alone accounts for the measured fusion performance variability in the two highest performing experimental campaigns on the NIF to within error. Here we quantify the performance sensitivity to mode-2 symmetry in the burning plasma regime and apply the results, in the form of an empirical correction to a 1D performance model. Furthermore, we find the sensitivity to mode-2 determined through a series of integrated 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations to be consistent with the experimentally determined sensitivity only when including alpha-heating.

Published
2024

2. Platform for Probing Radiation Transport Properties of Hydrogen at Conditions Found in the Deep Interiors of Red Dwarfs

Author

Lütgert, J., Bethkenhagen, M., Bachmann, B., Divol, L., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Hall, G. N., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Landen, O. L., MacLaren, S. A., Masse, L., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Schölmerich, M. O., Schumacher, S., Shaffer, N. R., Starrett, C. E., Sterne, P. A., Trosseille, C., Döppner, T., and Kraus, D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We describe an experimental concept at the National Ignition Facility for specifically tailored spherical implosions to compress hydrogen to extreme densities (up to $\sim$800$\times$ solid density, electron number density n$_e$$\sim$4$\times$10$^{25}$ cm$^{-3}$ ) at moderate temperatures (T$\sim$200 eV), i.e., to conditions, which are relevant to the interiors of red dwarf stars. The dense plasma will be probed by laser-generated x-ray radiation of different photon energy to determine the plasma opacity due to collisional (free-free) absorption and Thomson scattering. The obtained results will benchmark radiation transport models, which in the case for free-free absorption show strong deviations at conditions relevant to red dwarfs. This very first experimental test of free-free opacity models at these extreme states will help to constrain where inside those celestial objects energy transport is dominated by radiation or convection. Moreover, our study will inform models for other important processes in dense plasmas, which are based on electron-ion collisions, e.g., stopping of swift ions or electron-ion temperature relaxation.

Published
2023
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4. Magnetized ICF Implosions: Scaling of Temperature and Yield Enhancement

Author

Walsh, C. A., O'Neill, S., Chittenden, J. P., Crilly, A. J., Appelbe, B., Strozzi, D. J., Ho, D., Sio, H., Pollock, B., Divol, L., Hartouni, E., Rosen, M., Logan, B. G., and Moody, J. D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of an applied magnetic field on the yield and hot-spot temperature of inertial confinement fusion implosions. A scaling of temperature amplification due to magnetization is shown to be in agreement with unperturbed 2-D extended-magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A perfectly spherical hot-spot with an axial magnetic field is predicted to have a maximum temperature amplification of 37%. However, elongation of the hot-spot along field lines raises this value by decreasing the hot-spot surface area along magnetic field lines. A scaling for yield amplification predicts that a magnetic field has the greatest benefit for low temperature implosions; this is in agreement with simplified 1-D simulations, but not 2-D simulations where the hot-spot pressure can be significantly reduced by heat-flow anisotropy. Simulations including a P2 drive asymmetry then show that the magnetized yield is a maximum when the capsule drive corrects the hot-spot shape to be round at neutron bang-time. The benefit of an applied field increases when the implosion is more highly perturbed. Increasing the magnetic field strength past the value required to magnetize the electrons is beneficial due to additional suppression of perturbations by magnetic tension.

Published
2021
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5. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions

Author

Ross, J. S., Ralph, J. E., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Doeppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Kleinrath, H. Geppert, Kleinrath, V. Geppert, Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J. -M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An experimental program is currently underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to compress deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel to densities and temperatures sufficient to achieve fusion and energy gain. The primary approach being investigated is indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), where a high-Z radiation cavity (a hohlraum) is heated by lasers, converting the incident energy into x-ray radiation which in turn drives the DT fuel filled capsule causing it to implode. Previous experiments reported DT fuel gain exceeding unity [O.A. Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014)] and then exceeding the kinetic energy of the imploding fuel [S. Le Pape et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018)]. We report on recent experiments that have achieved record fusion neutron yields on NIF, greater than 100 kJ with momentary fusion powers exceeding 1PW, and have for the first time entered the burning plasma regime where fusion alpha-heating of the fuel exceeds the energy delivered to the fuel via compression. This was accomplished by increasing the size of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule, increasing energy coupling, while controlling symmetry and implosion design parameters. Two tactics were successful in controlling the radiation flux symmetry and therefore the implosion symmetry: transferring energy between laser cones via plasma waves, and changing the shape of the hohlraum. In conducting these experiments, we controlled for known sources of degradation. Herein we show how these experiments were performed to produce record performance, and demonstrate the data fidelity leading us to conclude that these shots have entered the burning plasma regime.

Published
2021

7. Modeling ablator defects as a source of mix in high-performance implosions at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Clark, D. S., primary, Allen, A., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Biener, J., additional, Biener, M. M., additional, Braun, T., additional, Davidovits, S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Farmer, W. A., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Kong, C., additional, Millot, M., additional, Milovich, J., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Sterne, P., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2024
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8. Collisionless shock acceleration of narrow energy spread ion beams from mixed species plasmas using 1 $\mu$m lasers

Author

Pak, A., Kerr, S., Lemos, N., Link, A., Patel, P., Albert, F., Divol, L., Pollock, B. B., Haberberger, D., Froula, D., Gauthier, M., Glenzer, S. H., Longman, A., Manzoor, L., Fedosejevs, R., Tochitsky, S., Joshi, C., and Fiuza, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Collisionless shock acceleration of protons and C$^{6+}$ ions has been achieved by the interaction of a 10$^{20}$ W/cm$^2$, 1 $\mu$m laser with a near-critical density plasma. Ablation of the initially solid density target by a secondary laser allowed for systematic control of the plasma profile. This enabled the production of beams with peaked spectra with energies of 10-18 MeV/a.m.u. and energy spreads of 10-20$\%$ with up to 3x10$^9$ particles within these narrow spectral features. The narrow energy spread and similar velocity of ion species with different charge-to-mass ratio are consistent with acceleration by the moving potential of a shock wave. Particle-in-cell simulations show shock accelerated beams of protons and C$^{6+}$ ions with energy distributions consistent with the experiments. Simulations further indicate the plasma profile determines the trade-off between the beam charge and energy and that with additional target optimization narrow energy spread beams exceeding 100 MeV/a.m.u. can be produced using the same laser conditions., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

Published
2018
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9. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Young, C. V., Robey, H. F., Weber, C. R., Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J. A., Gaffney, J. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kruse, M. K. G., Kroll, J. J., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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10. Thermonuclear performance variability near ignition at the National Ignition Facility.

Author

Divol, L., Pak, A., Bachmann, B., Baker, K. L., Baxamusa, S., Biener, J., Bionta, R., Braun, T., Casey, D. T., Choate, C., Clark, D. S., Dewald, E., Döppner, T., Fittinghoff, D. N., Hahn, K. D., Hilsabeck, T. J., Hohenberger, M., Holder, J. P., Hurricane, O. A., and Izumi, N.

Subjects
*IMPLOSIONS, *NEUTRONS, *INERTIAL confinement fusion, *LASERS, *X-rays
Abstract

We describe our current understanding of the variability and degradation mechanisms observed through a series of five indirectly driven inertial fusion implosions fielded at the National Ignition Facility in the fall of 2021, four of which attempted to reproduce the first experiment to achieve Lawson's criterion for ignition with a thermonuclear yield of 1.35 MJ on August 8, 2021. A large number of absolutely calibrated (imaging, time-resolved, and spectrally resolved) x-ray and neutron diagnostics are fielded on the NIF along multiple lines of sight for each experiment. This allows for a reconstruction of the DT fuel and ablator mix injected into the hotspot around peak burn. We show that nuclear yield variations are well reproduced by numerical modeling when the measured low mode asymmetries and mix mass are included. Furthermore, these observed perturbations during burn are linked to small variations in laser delivery and capsule defects. Stringent specifications are then set to achieve robust ignition with the implosion design studied in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Diagnosing up-scattered deuterium–tritium fusion neutrons produced in burning plasmas at the National Ignition Facility (invited).

Author

Jeet, J., Appelbe, B. D., Crilly, A. J., Divol, L., Eckart, M., Hahn, K. D., Hartouni, E. P., Hayes, A., Kerr, S., Kim, Y., Mariscal, E., Moore, A. S., Ramirez, A., Rusev, G., and Schlossberg, D. J.

Subjects
NEUTRON temperature, NEUTRONS, TRITIUM, DEUTERIUM, INERTIAL confinement fusion, IONS
Abstract

In the push to higher performance fusion plasmas, two critical quantities to diagnose are α-heat deposition that can improve and impurities mixed into the plasma that can limit performance. In high-density, highly collisional inertial confinement fusion burning plasmas, there is a significant probability that deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion products, 14.1 MeV neutrons and 3.5 MeV α-particles, will collide with and deposit energy onto ("up-scatter") surrounding deuterium and tritium fuel ions. These up-scattered D and T ions can then undergo fusion while in-flight and produce an up-scattered neutron (15–30 MeV). These reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons can then be uniquely identified in the measured neutron energy spectrum. The magnitude, shape, and relative size of this spectral feature can inform models of stopping-power in the DT plasma and hence is directly proportional to α-heat deposition. In addition, the RIF spectrum can be related to mix into the burning fuel, particularly relevant for high-Z shell and other emerging National Ignition Facility platforms. The neutron time-of-flight diagnostic upgrades needed to obtain this small signal, ∼10−5 times the primary DT neutron peak, will be discussed. Results from several gain > 1 implosions will be shown and compared to previous RIF spectra. Finally, comparisons of experimental data to a simplified computational model will be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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14. Effects of drive pulse shape on graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Martinez, D. A., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Horwood, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Moore, A., additional, Vazsonyi, A. R., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Montgomery, W., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Graziani, F., additional, Monzon, E., additional, Prisbrey, S. T., additional, Whitley, H. D., additional, Xu, H., additional, Huang, H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Wilde, C., additional, and Meaney, K., additional

Published
2024
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17. Effect of Laser-Plasma Interactions on Inertial Fusion Hydrodynamics

Author

Strozzi, D. J., Bailey, D. S., Michel, P., Divol, L., Sepke, S. M., Kerbel, G. D., Thomas, C. A., Ralph, J. E., Moody, J. D., and Schneider, M. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The effects of laser-plasma interactions (LPI) on the dynamics of inertial confinement fusion hohlraums is investigated via a new approach that self-consistently couples reduced LPI models into radiation-hydrodynamics numerical codes. The interplay between hydrodynamics and LPI -- specifically stimulated Raman scatter (SRS) and crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET) -- mostly occurs via momentum and energy deposition into Langmuir and ion acoustic waves. This spatially redistributes energy coupling to the target, which affects the background plasma conditions and thus modifies laser propagation. This model shows reduced CBET, and significant laser energy depletion by Langmuir waves, which reduce the discrepancy between modeling and data from hohlraum experiments on wall x-ray emission and capsule implosion shape., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Physical Review Letters

Published
2016
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18. The Magnetized Indirect Drive Project on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Moody, J. D., Pollock, B. B., Sio, H., Strozzi, D. J., Ho, D. D.-M., Walsh, C., Kemp, G. E., Kucheyev, S. O., Kozioziemski, B., Carroll, E. G., Kroll, J., Yanagisawa, D. K., Angus, J., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bude, J. D., Divol, L., Ferguson, B., Fry, J., Hagler, L., Hartouni, E., Herrmann, M. C., Hsing, W., Holunga, D. M., Javedani, J., Johnson, A., Kalantar, D., Kohut, T., Logan, B. G., Masters, N., Nikroo, A., Orsi, N., Piston, K., Provencher, C., Rowe, A., Sater, J., Skulina, K., Stygar, W. A., Tang, V., Winters, S. E., Chittenden, J. P., Appelbe, B., Boxall, A., Crilly, A., O’Neill, S., Davies, J., Peebles, J., and Fujioka, S.

Published
2022
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19. 3D reconstruction of an inertial-confinement fusion implosion with neural networks using multiple heterogeneous data sources.

Author

Kunimune, J. H., Casey, D. T., Kustowski, B., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Divol, L., Fittinghoff, D. N., Volegov, P. L., Kruse, M. K. G., Gaffney, J. A., Nora, R. C., and Frenje, J. A.

Abstract

3D asymmetries are major degradation mechanisms in inertial-confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These asymmetries can be diagnosed and reconstructed with the neutron imaging system (NIS) on three lines of sight around the NIF target chamber. Conventional tomographic reconstructions are used to reconstruct the 3D morphology of the implosion using NIS [Volegov et al., J. Appl. Phys. 127, 083301 (2020)], but the problem is ill-posed with only three imaging lines of sight. Asymmetries can also be diagnosed with the real-time neutron activation diagnostics (RTNAD) and the neutron time-of-flight (nToF) suite. Since the NIS, RTNAD, and nToF each sample a different part of the implosion using different physical principles, we propose that it is possible to overcome the limitations of too few imaging lines of sight by performing 3D reconstructions that combine information from all three heterogeneous data sources. This work presents a new machine learning-based reconstruction technique to do just this. By using a simple physics model and group of neural networks to map 3D morphologies to data, this technique can easily account for data of multiple different types. A simple proof-of-principle is presented, demonstrating that this technique can accurately reconstruct a hot-spot shape using synthetic primary neutron images and a hot-spot velocity vector. In particular, the hot-spot's asymmetry, quantified as spherical harmonic coefficients, is reconstructed to within ±4% of the radius in 90% of test cases. In the future, this technique will be applied to actual NIS, RTNAD, and nToF data to better understand 3D asymmetries at the NIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Design of first experiment to achieve fusion target gain > 1.

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Schlossberg, D. J., Weber, C. R., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Dewald, E., Zylstra, A. B., Allen, A., Bachmann, B., Baker, K. L., Baxamusa, S., Braun, T., Brunton, G., Callahan, D. A., Casey, D. T., Chapman, T., Choate, C., Clark, D. S., Nicola, J.-M. G. Di, and Divol, L.

Abstract

A decades-long quest to achieve fusion energy target gain and ignition in a controlled laboratory experiment, dating back to 1962, has been realized at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) on December 5, 2022 [Abu-Shawareb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)] where an imploded pellet of deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel generated more fusion energy (3.15 MJ) than laser energy incident on the target (2.05 MJ). In these experiments, laser beams incident on the inside of a cylindrical can (Hohlraum) generate an intense ∼ 3 × 106 million degree x-ray radiation bath that is used to spherically implode ∼ 2 mm diameter pellets containing frozen deuterium and tritium. The maximum fusion energy produced in this configuration to date is 3.88 MJ using 2.05 MJ of incident laser energy and 5.2 MJ using 2.2 MJ of incident laser energy, producing a new record target gain of ∼ 2.4×. This paper describes the physics (target and laser) design of this platform and follow-on experiments that show increased performance. We show robust megajoule fusion energy output using this design as well as explore design modification using radiation hydrodynamic simulations benchmarked against experimental data, which can further improve the performance of this platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. What next: Further implosion space exploration on the path to NIF extended yield capability.

Author

Landen, O. L., Nora, R. C., Lindl, J. D., Kritcher, A. L., Haan, S. W., Rosen, M. D., Pak, A., Divol, L., Baker, K. L., Amendt, P. A., Ho, D. D.-M., Milovich, J. L., Ralph, J. E., Clark, D. S., Humbird, K. D., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C. R., Tommasini, R., Casey, D. T., and Young, C. V.

Subjects
INERTIAL confinement fusion, IMPLOSIONS, SPACE exploration, KINETIC energy, ABLATIVE materials
Abstract

We present quantitative motivations and assessments of various proposed and ongoing directions to further improving yields and target gain of igniting indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include increasing compression and confinement time, improving hohlraum and ablator efficiency, and further increasing peak power and laser energy. 1D hydroscaled simulations, augmented by analytic 1D theory, have been used to project yield improvements for each of these implosion optimization tracks, normalized to the best current performing 4 MJ shot. At current NIF capabilities of 2.2 MJ, 450 TW, we project several paths could reach 15 MJ yield levels. We also expect several key implosion physics questions will be addressed in attempting to reach this yield level. These include demonstrating to what extent lower adiabat designs leading to higher compression will increase gain and efficiency, and whether we can reduce residual kinetic energy and ablator-fuel mix that is probably limiting the current burn-up fraction. For an envisaged NIF upgrade to EL = 3 MJ at fixed 450 TW peak power, scaling capsule size and fuel thicknesses faster than pure hydroscaling should allow for yields that could reach up to 60–80 MJ, depending on the efficiency gains realized in increasing deuterium-tritium fuel thickness, reducing hohlraum losses, and switching to lower Z ablators. The laser-plasma instability and beam transmission scaling in these larger hohlraums is shown to be favorable if the spot size is increased with hohlraum scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Optimization of capsule dopant levels to improve fuel areal density*

Author

Hinkel, D.E., Döppner, T., Masse, L.P., Widmann, K., Divol, L., Bachmann, B., Berzak Hopkins, L.F., LePape, S., Weber, C.R., MacLaren, S.A., Zylstra, A.B., Ralph, J.E., Benedetti, L.R., Moore, A.S., Thomas, C.A., Casey, D.T., Smalyuk, V.A., Robey, H.F., Celliers, P.M., MacDonald, M.J., Krauland, C.M., Thorn, D.B., Rosen, M.D., Patel, P.K., MacGowan, B.J., Schneider, M.B., Clark, D.S., Pak, A.E., Edwards, M.J., Landen, O.L., Callahan, D.A., and Hurricane, O.A.

Published
2020
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23. Recent and planned hydrodynamic instability experiments on indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Smalyuk, V.A., Weber, C.R., Landen, O.L., Ali, S., Bachmann, B., Celliers, P.M., Dewald, E., Fernandez, A., Hammel, B.A., Hall, G., MacPhee, A.G., Pickworth, L., Robey, H.F., Alfonso, N., Baker, K.L., Hopkins, L.F. Berzak, Carlson, L., Casey, D.T., Clark, D.S., Crippen, J., Divol, L., Döppner, T., Edwards, J., Farrell, M., Felker, S., Field, J.E., Haan, S.W., Hamza, A.V., Havre, M., Herrmann, M.C., Hsing, W.W., Khan, S., Kline, J., Kroll, J.J., LePape, S., Loomis, E., MacGowan, B.J., Martinez, D., Masse, L., Mauldin, M., Milovich, J.L., Moore, A.S., Nikroo, A., Pak, A., Patel, P.K., Peterson, J.L., Raman, K., Remington, B.A., Rice, N., Schoff, M., Stadermann, M., and Yi, S.A.

Published
2020
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24. Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Humbird, K., additional, Jones, O., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Maclaren, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Allen, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Brunton, G., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Haan, S., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kur, E., additional, Kustowski, B., additional, Kong, C., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Larson, D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marinak, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Suratwala, T. I., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Town, R., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2024
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25. Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity

Author

Pak, A., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Aghaian, L., additional, Allen, A., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Crippen, J. W., additional, Danly, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Erickson, M., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Havre, M., additional, Hayes, S., additional, Hilsabeck, T., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Humbird, K. D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kim, Y. H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Suratwala, T., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Wooddy, P. T., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2024
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26. Hohlraum Reheating from Burning NIF Implosions

Author

Rubery, M. S., primary, Rosen, M. D., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Weber, C., additional, Hammer, J., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Hurricane, O., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Zimmerman, G., additional, Harte, J., additional, and Woods, T., additional

Published
2024
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27. Measurement of mix at the fuel–ablator interface in indirectly driven capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Hall, G. N., primary, Weber, C. R., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Pak, A., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Marley, E., additional, Ebert, T., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Pape, S. Le, additional, Divol, L., additional, Krauland, C. M., additional, Thompson, N., additional, Casco, E. R., additional, Ayers, M. J., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Carpenter, A. C., additional, Hurd, E. R., additional, Dayton, M. S., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, and Holder, J. P., additional

Published
2024
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28. X-ray scattering measurements of dissociation-induced metallization of dynamically compressed deuterium

Author

Davis, P, Döppner, T, Rygg, JR, Fortmann, C, Divol, L, Pak, A, Fletcher, L, Becker, A, Holst, B, Sperling, P, Redmer, R, Desjarlais, MP, Celliers, P, Collins, GW, Landen, OL, Falcone, RW, and Glenzer, SH

Abstract

Hydrogen, the simplest element in the universe, has a surprisingly complex phase diagram. Because of applications to planetary science, inertial confinement fusion and fundamental physics, its high-pressure properties have been the subject of intense study over the past two decades. While sophisticated static experiments have probed hydrogen's structure at ever higher pressures, studies examining the higher-temperature regime using dynamic compression have mostly been limited to optical measurement techniques. Here we present spectrally resolved x-ray scattering measurements from plasmons in dynamically compressed deuterium. Combined with Compton scattering, and velocity interferometry to determine shock pressure and mass density, this allows us to extract ionization state as a function of compression. The onset of ionization occurs close in pressure to where density functional theory-molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations show molecular dissociation, suggesting hydrogen transitions from a molecular and insulating fluid to a conducting state without passing through an intermediate atomic phase.

Published
2016

29. Raman backscatter as a remote laser power sensor in high-energy-density plasmas

Author

Moody, J. D., Strozzi, D. J., Divol, L., Michel, P., Robey, H. F., LePape, S., Ralph, J., Ross, J. S., Glenzer, S. H., Kirkwood, R. K., Landen, O. L., MacGowan, B. J., Nikroo, A., and Williams, E. A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Stimulated Raman backscatter (SRS) is used as a remote sensor to quantify the instantaneous laser power after transfer from outer to inner cones that cross in a National Ignition Facility (NIF) gas-filled hohlraum plasma. By matching SRS between a shot reducing outer vs a shot reducing inner power we infer that ~half of the incident outer-cone power is transferred to inner cones, for the specific time and wavelength configuration studied. This is the first instantaneous non-disruptive measure of power transfer in an indirect drive NIF experiment using optical measurements., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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31. Fast-ignition design transport studies: realistic electron source, integrated PIC-hydrodynamics, imposed magnetic fields

Author

Strozzi, D. J., Tabak, M., Larson, D. J., Divol, L., Kemp, A. J., Bellei, C., Marinak, M. M., and Key, M. H.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Transport modeling of idealized, cone-guided fast ignition targets indicates the severe challenge posed by fast-electron source divergence. The hybrid particle-in-cell [PIC] code Zuma is run in tandem with the radiation-hydrodynamics code Hydra to model fast-electron propagation, fuel heating, and thermonuclear burn. The fast electron source is based on a 3D explicit-PIC laser-plasma simulation with the PSC code. This shows a quasi two-temperature energy spectrum, and a divergent angle spectrum (average velocity-space polar angle of 52 degrees). Transport simulations with the PIC-based divergence do not ignite for > 1 MJ of fast-electron energy, for a modest 70 micron standoff distance from fast-electron injection to the dense fuel. However, artificially collimating the source gives an ignition energy of 132 kJ. To mitigate the divergence, we consider imposed axial magnetic fields. Uniform fields ~50 MG are sufficient to recover the artificially collimated ignition energy. Experiments at the Omega laser facility have generated fields of this magnitude by imploding a capsule in seed fields of 50-100 kG. Such imploded fields are however more compressed in the transport region than in the laser absorption region. When fast electrons encounter increasing field strength, magnetic mirroring can reflect a substantial fraction of them and reduce coupling to the fuel. A hollow magnetic pipe, which peaks at a finite radius, is presented as one field configuration which circumvents mirroring., Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Phys. Plasmas

Published
2012
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32. Cone-Guided Fast Ignition with no Imposed Magnetic Fields

Author

Strozzi, D. J., Tabak, M., Larson, D. J., Marinak, M. M., Key, M. H., Divol, L., Kemp, A. J., Bellei, C., and Shay, H. D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Simulations of ignition-scale fast ignition targets have been performed with the new integrated Zuma-Hydra PIC-hydrodynamic capability. We consider an idealized spherical DT fuel assembly with a carbon cone, and an artificially-collimated fast electron source. We study the role of E and B fields and the fast electron energy spectrum. For mono-energetic 1.5 MeV fast electrons, without E and B fields, the energy needed for ignition is E_f^{ig} = 30 kJ. This is about 3.5x the minimal deposited ignition energy of 8.7 kJ for our fuel density of 450 g/cm^3. Including E and B fields with the resistive Ohm's law E = \eta J_b gives E_f^{ig} = 20 kJ, while using the full Ohm's law gives E_f^{ig} > 40 kJ. This is due to magnetic self-guiding in the former case, and \nabla n \times \nabla T magnetic fields in the latter. Using a realistic, quasi two-temperature energy spectrum derived from PIC laser-plasma simulations increases E_f^{ig} to (102, 81, 162) kJ for (no E/B, E = \eta J_b, full Ohm's law). This stems from the electrons being too energetic to fully stop in the optimal hot spot depth., Comment: Minor revisions in response to referee comments

Published
2011

33. Focusing of Intense Subpicosecond Laser Pulses in Wedge Targets

Author

Levy, M. C., Kemp, A. J., Wilks, S. C., Divol, L., and Baring, M. G.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations characterizing the interaction of ultraintense short pulse lasers in the range 10^{18} \leq I \leq 10^{20} W/cm^{2} with converging target geometries are presented. Seeking to examine intensity amplification in high-power laser systems, where focal spots are typically non-diffraction limited, we describe key dynamical features as the injected laser intensity and convergence angle of the target are systematically varied. We find that laser pulses are focused down to a wavelength with the peak intensity amplified by an order of magnitude beyond its vacuum value, and develop a simple model for how the peak location moves back towards the injection plane over time. This performance is sustained over hundreds of femtoseconds and scales to laser intensities beyond 10^{20} W/cm^{2} at 1 \mu m wavelength., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Plasmas

Published
2011
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34. Measurements of improved stability to achieve higher fuel compression in ICF

Author

Do, A., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Chapman, T. D, additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Fathi, G., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Millot, M., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, Yanagisawa, D. K., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Danly, C. R., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Meaney, K. D, additional, Wilde, C. H., additional, Johnson, M. Gatu, additional, Allen, A., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Kong, C., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2023
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35. Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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36. Dynamics and Power Balance of Near Unity Target Gain Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions

Author

Pak, A., primary, Divol, L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Doeppner, T., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Lamb, K., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, and Town, R. P. J., additional

Published
2023
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37. Performance scaling with an applied magnetic field in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions

Author

Sio, H., primary, Moody, J. D., additional, Pollock, B. B., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Walsh, C. A., additional, Kemp, G. E., additional, Lahmann, B., additional, Kucheyev, S. O., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Carroll, E. G., additional, Kroll, J., additional, Yanagisawa, D. K., additional, Angus, J., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, A. A., additional, Bayu Aji, L. B., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Bude, J. D., additional, Divol, L., additional, Engwall, A. M., additional, Ferguson, B., additional, Fry, J., additional, Hagler, L., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Herrmann, M. C., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Javedani, J., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Kohut, T., additional, Logan, B. G., additional, Masters, N., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Orsi, N., additional, Piston, K., additional, Provencher, C., additional, Rowe, A., additional, Sater, J., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Skulina, K., additional, Stygar, W. A., additional, Tang, V., additional, Winters, S. E., additional, Zimmerman, G., additional, Chittenden, J. P., additional, Appelbe, B., additional, Boxall, A., additional, Crilly, A., additional, O'Neill, S., additional, Barnak, D., additional, Davies, J., additional, Peebles, J., additional, Bae, J. H., additional, Clark, K., additional, Havre, M., additional, Mauldin, M., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, Adrian, P., additional, Reichelt, B., additional, Fujioka, S., additional, and Fraenkel, M., additional

Published
2023
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39. Observing the onset of pressure-driven K-shell delocalization

Author

Döppner, T., primary, Bethkenhagen, M., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Neumayer, P., additional, Chapman, D. A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baggott, R. A., additional, Böhme, M. P., additional, Divol, L., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacDonald, M. J., additional, Saunders, A. M., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Sterne, P. A., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Witte, B. B. L., additional, Yi, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, and Gericke, D. O., additional

Published
2023
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40. Measuring and simulating ice–ablator mix in inertial confinement fusion

Author

Bachmann, B., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Masse, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S., additional, Briggs, T., additional, Casey, D., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Hammel, B., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Landen, O., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Marley, E., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Moore, A., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rice, N., additional, Rubery, M., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Weber, C., additional, Williams, G. J., additional, and Wray, A., additional

Published
2023
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42. Inverse Bremsstrahlung Absorption

Author

Turnbull, D., primary, Katz, J., additional, Sherlock, M., additional, Divol, L., additional, Shaffer, N. R., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Colaïtis, A., additional, Edgell, D. H., additional, Follett, R. K., additional, McMillen, K. R., additional, Michel, P., additional, Milder, A. L., additional, and Froula, D. H., additional

Published
2023
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43. Observing the onset of pressure-driven K-shell delocalization

Author

Döppner, T., Bethkenhagen, M., Gericke, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Bachmann, B., Chapman, D., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Divol, L., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Falcone, R., Fletcher, L., Kruse, M., Landen, O., Macdonald, M., Glenzer, S., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Sterne, P., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Döppner, T., Bethkenhagen, M., Gericke, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Bachmann, B., Chapman, D., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Divol, L., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Falcone, R., Fletcher, L., Kruse, M., Landen, O., Macdonald, M., Glenzer, S., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Sterne, P., and (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J.

Abstract

We have developed an experimental platform for x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) at NIF to characterize plasma conditions in ICF indirectly-driven capsule implosions near stagnation [1,2]. This enabled us to investigate up to 30 times compressed ablator materials reaching pressures above 3 Gigabars, at conditions where the distance between the nuclei becomes comparable to the extent of the core shell bound states, which will eventually lead to their pressure ionization. In this talk we will present results from experiments with beryllium shells. We observe reduced elastic scattering for the most extreme conditions [2]. We interpret this reduction as the precursor of pressure ionization of the remaining K-shell electrons, that is, a strongly modified bound state. The beryllium charge state inferred from the data is considerable higher than standard models predict but agrees well with results from DFT simulations [2,3]. Accurate modelling of the K-shell occupation of light elements is imperative for creating predictive capabilities for ICF implosions. Our experiments yield valuable benchmarks for this process and demonstrating a complex pathway of pressure ionization.

Published
2023

44. A direct-drive exploding-pusher implosion as the first step in development of a monoenergetic charged-particle backlighting platform at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Rosenberg, M.J., Zylstra, A.B., Séguin, F.H., Rinderknecht, H.G., Frenje, J.A., Gatu Johnson, M., Sio, H., Waugh, C.J., Sinenian, N., Li, C.K., Petrasso, R.D., LePape, S., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A.J., Rygg, J.R., Amendt, P.A., Bellei, C., Benedetti, L.R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Bionta, R.M., Casey, D.T., Divol, L., Edwards, M.J., Glenn, S., Glenzer, S.H., Hicks, D.G., Kimbrough, J.R., Landen, O.L., Lindl, J.D., MacPhee, A., McNaney, J.M., Meezan, N.B., Moody, J.D., Moran, M.J., Park, H.-S., Pino, J., Remington, B.A., Robey, H., Rosen, M.D., Wilks, S.C., Zacharias, R.A., McKenty, P.W., Hohenberger, M., Radha, P.B., Edgell, D., Marshall, F.J., Delettrez, J.A., Glebov, V.Yu., Betti, R., Goncharov, V.N., Knauer, J.P., Sangster, T.C., Herrmann, H.W., Hoffman, N.M., Kyrala, G.A., Leeper, R.J., Olson, R.E., Kilkenny, J.D., and Nikroo, A.

Published
2016
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45. Alpha heating of indirect-drive layered implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, MacLaren, S., additional, Jones, O., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Nora, R., additional, Divol, L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Anderson, G. J., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, Kruse, M., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Christopherson, A. R., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Khan, S., additional, Woods, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Berger, R. L., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, R., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Kyrala, G., additional, Ma, T., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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46. Developing a platform for Fresnel diffractive radiography with 1 μm spatial resolution at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Schoelmerich, M. O., primary, Döppner, T., additional, Allen, C. H., additional, Divol, L., additional, Oliver, M., additional, Haden, D., additional, Biener, M., additional, Crippen, J., additional, Delora-Ellefson, J., additional, Ferguson, B., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Haid, A., additional, Heinbockel, C., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Karmiol, Z., additional, Kemp, G., additional, Kroll, J., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Masters, N., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Theobald, W., additional, and White, T. G., additional

Published
2023
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47. Measurement of Dark Ice-Ablator Mix in Inertial Confinement Fusion

Author

Bachmann, B., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Bhandarkar, S., additional, Briggs, T., additional, Casey, D., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Hammel, B., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Landen, O., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Marley, E., additional, Masse, L., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Moore, A., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rice, N., additional, Rubery, M., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Weber, C., additional, Williams, G. J., additional, and Wray, A., additional

Published
2022
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48. Increased Ion Temperature and Neutron Yield Observed in Magnetized Indirectly Driven D2 -Filled Capsule Implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Moody, J. D., primary, Pollock, B. B., additional, Sio, H., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Walsh, C. A., additional, Kemp, G. E., additional, Lahmann, B., additional, Kucheyev, S. O., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Carroll, E. G., additional, Kroll, J., additional, Yanagisawa, D. K., additional, Angus, J., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Bude, J. D., additional, Divol, L., additional, Ferguson, B., additional, Fry, J., additional, Hagler, L., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Herrmann, M. C., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Javedani, J., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Kohut, T., additional, Logan, B. G., additional, Masters, N., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Orsi, N., additional, Piston, K., additional, Provencher, C., additional, Rowe, A., additional, Sater, J., additional, Skulina, K., additional, Stygar, W. A., additional, Tang, V., additional, Winters, S. E., additional, Zimmerman, G., additional, Adrian, P., additional, Chittenden, J. P., additional, Appelbe, B., additional, Boxall, A., additional, Crilly, A., additional, O’Neill, S., additional, Davies, J., additional, Peebles, J., additional, and Fujioka, S., additional

Published
2022
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49. Publisher's Note: “Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs” [Phys. Plasmas 29, 083301 (2022)]

Author

Lütgert, J., primary, Bethkenhagen, M., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Divol, L., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Masse, L., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Schölmerich, M. O., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, Shaffer, N. R., additional, Starrett, C. E., additional, Sterne, P. A., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2022
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50. Optimization of Backscatter and Symmetry for Laser Fusion Experiments Using Multiple Tunable Wavelengths

Author

Ralph, J. E., primary, Michel, P., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M., additional, Heebner, J. E., additional, Hernandez, V. J, additional, Pelz, L., additional, Yang, S., additional, Lemos, N., additional, Divol, L., additional, Kemp, A., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Town, R. P. J., additional, and Edwards, M. J., additional

Published
2022
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