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Desde la mirada de la prevención de riesgos psicosociales, este artículo analiza los cambios en las condiciones de trabajo que supuso la implementación de prácticas de participación directa consultiva grupal en tres empresas con una organización del trabajo taylorista y autoritaria. La representación laboral sindicalizada negoció y supervisó su implantación para conseguir enriquecer el trabajo y evitar la competitividad y la intensificación, con el fin de que resultara saludable. Este estudio se basa en grupos focales y un análisis de contenido categorial de los testimonios de trabajadoras y trabajadores en puestos de ejecución. Su objetivo es comprender en qué sentido la aplicación de estas prácticas podría suponer unas mejores condiciones de trabajo en estos puestos, como señalan algunos estudios cuantitativos poblacionales en España y en la UE. La participación directa consultiva grupal ni representa el cuestionamiento de la prerrogativa empresarial ni la democracia en el trabajo. Sin embargo, aplicada en las condiciones adecuadas, permitiría atenuar operativamente la drástica separación entre diseño y ejecución, enriquecer un trabajo simple y estandarizado y crear dinámicas de colaboración y solidaridad en puestos individualizados, incrementando la influencia y las posibilidades de aplicar y adquirir habilidades y conocimientos y posibilitando el apoyo de compañeras, compañeros y superiores, sin intensificar ni extensificar el trabajo. De esta manera, la participación directa grupal podría reducir la exposición nociva y desigual a los riesgos psicosociales, lo que conllevaría unas condiciones laborales que generarían menos problemas de salud mental y cardiovascular. Ni más ni menos. Des de la mirada de la prevenció de riscos psicosocials, aquest article analitza els canvis en les condicions de treball que va suposar la implementació de pràctiques de participació directa consultiva grupal en tres empreses amb una organització del treball taylorista i autoritària. La representació laboral sindicalitzada va negociar i va supervisar la seva implantació per aconseguir enriquir el treball i evitar la competitivitat i la intensificació, amb la finalitat que resultés saludable. Aquest estudi es basa en grups focals i una anàlisi de contingut categorial dels testimoniatges de treballadores i treballadors en llocs d'execució. L'objectiu és comprendre en quin sentit l'aplicació d'aquestes pràctiques podria suposar unes millors condicions de treball en aquests llocs, com assenyalen alguns estudis quantitatius poblacionals a Espanya i a la UE. La participació directa consultiva grupal ni representa el qüestionament de la prerrogativa empresarial ni la democràcia en el treball. No obstant això, aplicada en les condicions adequades, permetria atenuar operativament la dràstica separació entre disseny i execució, enriquir un treball simple i estandarditzat i crear dinàmiques de col·laboració i solidaritat en llocs individualitzats, incrementant la influència i les possibilitats d'aplicar i adquirir habilitats i coneixements i possibilitant el suport de companyes, companys i superiors, sense intensificar ni extensificar el treball. Daquesta manera, la participació directa grupal podria reduir l'exposició nociva i desigual als riscos psicosocials, la qual cosa comportaria unes condicions laborals que generarien menys problemes de salut mental i cardiovascular. Ni més ni menys. Looking at psychosocial risk prevention, this paper analyses changes in working conditions arising from the implementation of direct consultative group participation practices at three companies with a Taylorist work setup. Trade union representatives negotiated and supervised implementation of these practices to enrich work and avoid competitiveness and intensification, in order to make employment healthy. This study is based on focus groups and category content analysis of manual workers' testimony. The study aims to understand how implementing these practices could lead to better working conditions in these jobs, as indicated by some quantitative population-based studies in Spain and the EU. Consultative direct group participation does not represent a questioning of corporate prerogative or imply democracy in the workplace. However, applied under the right conditions, it would reduce the dramatic division between design and execution at work at an operational level; would enrich simple and standardised work; and would create collaborative dynamics and solidarity in individualised roles, thereby increasing influence and opportunities for acquiring and applying skills and knowledge and enabling support from colleagues and superiors without intensifying or extending work. In this way, group direct participation could reduce harmful and unequal exposure to psychosocial risks, leading to working conditions which would generate fewer mental and cardiovascular health problems. Nothing more, nothing less.

October 12, 2021, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Head of the Department of Medical Protection, Head of the Department of Armed Defeat and Protection of the Medical Academy, the Great Patriotic War, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, and Colonel of the Medical Service, Ravil Garifovich Imangulov. For many years, R.G. Imangulov fruitfully worked in the field of military medical science and gone through all formational stages of a scientist and a teacher from an adjunct to the head of the department and professor-consultant of the Academic Council of the Military Medical Academy. During his service at the Military Medical Academy, Professor R.G. Imangulov took an active part in testing weapons of mass destruction and special field experimental studies in various regions of the country, aimed at the practical implementation of the latest achievements in the field of medical and technical means of anti-chemical and anti-radiation protection. For a long time, under his leadership and with his direct participation, fundamental research was carried out on the fundamentals of medical protection of troops and population from mass destruction weapons. His achievements in the field of medical protection against mass destruction weapons, both educational and scientific and practical disciplines, are of great importance for Russian military medicine. His fruitful years of activity did not only result in monographs, textbooks, teaching aids, scientific reports, and articles, but also the adaptation of official normative documents for the military personnel protection from mass destruction weapons, technical and medical means of individual, and collective protection.

Democratic decentralization is the process of devolving the state’s roles and resources from the centre to the lower-level elected officials to encourage greater direct participation of people in governance. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1993), which gave the constitutional mandate to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in India, is considered as an opportunity for historically marginalized groups like women, Dalits (Scheduled Caste) and others to actively engage in the grassroot governance as members of local government institutions. Further, gram panchayats have been mandated for formulating their own annual development plan for economic development and social justice in their area. Although in these 25 years, since the enactment of the Act, various measures have been introduced through Panchayati Raj Institutions for increasing people’s participation and effective implementation of developmental programmes, but there is a little or no evidences—either the theoretical or the empirical, which can give a hint on its performance on social and political inclusion of marginalized communities. Against this backdrop, this empirical research paper attempts to explore the linkages between the democratic decentralization and socio-political inclusion of marginalized, by focussing on the Musahar community in Bihar state of India, using primary data collected from the field. The researchers argue that decentralization has ameliorated the social inclusion to some extent but shows very dismal rate of political inclusion of the Musahar Community.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Despite much criticism, global digital platforms hold some promise for small-scale entrepreneurs (SSEs) in the global south. However, they are often excluded from direct participation in global initiatives, such as crowdfunding. Besides socio-cultural disparities, accessibility and adoption issues, technology usage and integration present a major challenge. To bridge those gaps we propose a workable model consisting of a local tech mediator operating on a digital platform connecting local SSE to global digital services. We have engaged a group of informal settlement SSE in Windhoek, Namibia to jointly conceptualise the roles, tasks and responsibilities of a local tech mediator, concurrently with technical skills training as well as the development of an international crowdfunding campaign. We assert that the jointly developed concepts of a local instantiation of the model as well as the co-design process have enabled us to create model, which would allow the utilisation of global digital platforms for SSEs inthe global south.

espanolEl objetivo principal de este articulo es evaluar el alcance de la conflictividad habida entre la Oficina Economica del Presidente y el ministro de Economia, durante el primer Gobierno de Zapatero (2004-‍2008). En este sentido nos preguntamos por que creo Zapatero la Oficina Economica del Presidente, de que manera la involucro en la toma de decisiones y como afecto esto a la autonomia del ministro Pedro Solbes. Para responder satisfactoriamente a las preguntas de investigacion se ha combinado el analisis documental con la realizacion de entrevistas a individuos que, por su implicacion directa o por su posicion cualificada, podian proporcionar informacion relevante. Antes de presentar los resultados de la investigacion, hacemos un balance de los estudios realizados hasta el momento en Espana sobre las estructuras de apoyo al presidente del Gobierno y encuadramos nuestras indagaciones a partir de las contribuciones realizadas previamente desde la ciencia politica acerca del papel de los organos de asesoramiento economico del presidente, la autonomia del responsable del Tesoro y las implicaciones de las reformas de los core executives. Los hallazgos realizados, coherentes con las ideas asentadas por la literatura especializada, nos permiten afirmar que la Oficina Economica del Presidente como producto impremeditado de la presidencializacion solamente socavo la autonomia del titular de Economia de un modo puntual. EnglishThe main purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the conflictive relations between the President’s Economic Office and the minister of Economy, during the first Zapatero government. According to this we tackle three main research questions: why did Zapatero decide to create that structure, how did he involve it in the decision-making process, and how such actions affected the autonomy of the minister Pedro Solbes. In order to answer them we have combined documentary analysis with interviews to individuals who provided relevant information, given their qualified position or their direct participation in the aforementioned relations. Before presenting the research results, we make a review of the studies made until now on the prime ministerial staff in Spain, framing our inquiries within the contributions made, by Political Science, about the role of the president’s economic advisers, the autonomy of the head of Treasury and the implications of reforming the core executive. The findings made, coherent with the ideas posed by the specialized literature, allow us to state that the President’s economic office, as an unexpected product of presidentialization, only undermined the autonomy of the minister of Economy exceptionally.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the exist traditions in Samiran Village and to study how far the people participation of Samiran Village as tradition preservers. A qualitative approach is used in this paper and described descriptively. Conducting literature studies, in-depth interviews, and observations is used in this paper. Assisted by participatory theory to analyze ho far the community participation as tradition preservers. The results show that the people of Samiran Village still carry out the sadranan and baritan traditions. The purpose of this tradition is to honor the ancestors, give thanks for the harvest, ask for blessings and a sense of mutual help. Community participation in tradition activities in Samiran Village consists of 2 types, namely active and passive participation. Direct participation carried on the tradition Sadranan, whereas indirect participation carried on the tradition baritan. With the concept of a community-based tourism, traditional activities can become a cultural tourist attraction. This paper proposes the role of the community as a preserver of tradition so that it is maintained and preserved. This paper also recommends a study on the role of the community as a preserver of other traditions that have not been mentioned by the author.

The data on the experience of creating the first specialized departments for the treatment of victims of thermal injury in the Soviet Union are presented. Outstanding representatives of military medicine took an active position in this process: I.I. Dzhanelidze, S.S. Girgolav, I.S. Kolesnikov, B.N. Postnikov, T.Ya. Ariev, etc. The topic of their scientific research and publications, as well as of colleagues from various research and medical institutions in our country, indicates that burns and frostbite were a very urgent scientific problem for scientists of that time. However, due to objective reasons, the studies were carried out separately, were often aimed at solving particular problems, and had no confirmation in a clinical setting. The situation changed radically after the creation in 1960 at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov Department of Thermal Injuries with a clinic for 100 beds. Its first boss was T.Ya. Ariev. A highly qualified scientist, a comprehensively trained surgeon, a teacher with extensive work experience, an experienced methodologist was able to form a team of like-minded people in a short time. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, the department began to solve a wide range of urgent scientific problems associated with thermal injury. This is evidenced by the list of topics and titles of publications that were found in the fundamental library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. A careful attitude to the publications of that time is of great educational value for the student cadets, trainees, students and all employees of the academy. Thus, we preserve the memory of those representatives of military medicine who created the history and glory of our academy.

RESUMO Neste trabalho sao suscitadas discussoes e questionamentos sobre desafios e demandas postas a universidade publica pela inclusao e permanencia de alunos ingressantes pelo convenio FUB/FUNAI. Com abordagens da pesquisa-acao, pesquisa participante e escuta sensivel, foram avaliados os aspectos qualitativos envolvendo os fenomenos socioculturais e educacionais dos estudantes durante quatro anos. Sao necessarias relacoes de trocas e dialogos continuos para a construcao da identidade academica indigena a partir de um ambiente politico, pedagogico e metodologico que garanta as especificidades indigenas assegurando melhoria dessa politica. Os processos de construcao da universidade publica verdadeiramente inclusiva demandam a participacao direta de entidades e sujeitos sociais nas frentes de elaboracao das politicas publicas, essas acoes afetam diretamente os grupos aos quais sao direcionadas. ABSTRACT In this paper, discussions and questions about challenges and demands placed on the public university by reason of the inclusion and permanence of incoming students of the FUB / FUNAI agreement are raised. With approaches of research-action, participant observation and sensitive listening, the qualitative aspects involving the sociocultural and educational phenomena of students during four years were evaluated. There is a need for continuous exchange and dialogue for the construction of the indigenous academic identity, based on a political, pedagogical and methodological environment that assure indigenous specificities, guaranteeing the improvement of this policy. The processes of construction of the truly inclusive public university demand the direct participation of entities and social subjects in the fronts of elaboration of public policies, these actions directly affect the groups to which they are directed.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Background: Despite the growing number of studies on direct participation labor-management practices, little is known about the role of their different discretionary degrees (delegation or consultation) and topics in their relationship with the psychosocial work environment by occupational groups. Methods: Cross-sectional study on the relationship between direct participation and work-related psychosocial risks (using COPSOQ-ISTAS21 v3) on a representative sample of the salaried and wage-earning employees in Spain (n = 1807). Prevalence ratios were calculated using adjusted Poisson regression models, controlling for 10 other labor-management practices, sex, and age, and stratified by occupational group. Results: The use of direct participation was either associated consistently with a healthier psychosocial work environment (mostly in manual occupations, which presented twice as many positive associations as nonmanual occupations, and of greater strength, mostly in the control and social support dimensions) or there were no significant associations (mostly among nonmanual occupations and in relation to work pace). More frequent and stronger associations were observed when consultation and delegation were used in combination. If used separately, consultation achieved better results among manual occupations and delegation among nonmanual occupations. Direct participation topics were not important for results in manual occupations whereas results were better on tactical (vs. operational) issues in nonmanual occupations. Conclusions: Direct participation does not change power structure, but it may be a useful intervention at the company level to reduce work-related psychosocial exposures and associated diseases among workers in manual occupations, and consequently for decreasing occupational exposures and health inequalities.

Este artigo socializa as ações do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Políticas de Esporte e Lazer (GEPPOL) e suas articulações com a área de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer. Em funcionamento desde 2011, o grupo, objetiva investigar temas e problemas relacionados a políticas, programas, projetos e práticas na área de políticas de esporte e lazer, em diferentes níveis. Seu desenvolvimento se efetiva em projetos de pesquisa, produções acadêmicas e participações diretas em ações sociais envolvendo as políticas públicas de esporte e lazer. Os resultados das pesquisas evidenciam que o grupo tem abordado variadas temáticas, assim, produzindo e atuando de forma significativa em sua área de específica de conhecimento.

The author analyses the process of direct participation in Poland compared with other European countries. The analysis includes a review of the subject literature and a new qualitative study carried out as part of the DIRECT project (2017–2018) co-financed by the European Commission. The article aims to examine new trends in direct participation and outline the various components of the process. The author defines direct participation (DP) as the conferral upon subordinates of tasks that they are expected to perform more or less autonomously. A complex picture is offered on the basis of data gathered from various research, although there is a concurrence between the results of quantitative research pursued to date and new data from qualitative research. Of note is the lack of continuity of direct participation in many dimensions, such as work organisation, instruments applied in practice, and differences between management ideas and actual day-to-day practice, including in terms of official and formal mechanisms versus unofficial and informal ones.

The article analyzes the process of the formation and development of a multi-party system in Uzbekistan, as well as regulatory documents governing the activities of political parties. It also highlights the features of the country's political parties. This limits the direct participation of the population in government decision-making, which, in turn, leads to the emergence and spread of other forms ofpolitical participation to express individual and group interests. Thus, the ongoing political reforms provide for the emergence of political parties as independent political institutions. From the point of view of national politics, a political party operating in a country, participating in elections, trying to win a majority of seats in parliament, enter or influence government, is part of the national political system.